Biology 105: Human Biology - Napa Valley · PDF fileBiology 105: Human Biology Fall 2016 ... •Cells and Cell Division ... –Introduction to Mastering Biology –Chapter 1

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Biology 105: Human BiologyFall 2016

Lecture 1

Reading: Syllabus and Chapter 1

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Objectives• Course Introduction

–Class organization, Exams, Grading, Etc.

• Answer the following questions

–What does it mean to be alive?

–What is unique about humans?

–How do we organize the biological world?

–How do we study biology?

• Scientific Method

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Introduction

• Jennifer Remensperger Scott-Robinson– “Dr. Remy”

– Email: [email protected]

– Website: • http://www.napavalley.edu/people/jscott-robinson

– Genetics Research

– DVM from UC Davis

– Office 2044

– Phone: Hilary Wardlaw 256-7727

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mailto:[email protected]

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Course Overview – Biology 105

• Introduction to human biology

–Human body, how it functions and prep for anatomy and physiology courses

• Book: Biology of Humans: Concepts, applications and Issues. 5th ed. Goodenough

–Mastering Biology Course Code:

• MBREMENSPERGER65395

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Course Objectives


• Basic Biochemistry

• Cells and Cell Division

• Identification of Human Body Parts

• Genetics

• Pathology

• Immunity

• Functions of Body Systems

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How to succeed in this course

• Attendance to lecture and lab

• Come prepared

• Review the material

– “Important Concepts”

• Make a Study Guide

– Form a study group

• Schedule Office Hours or Tutoring

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http://www.mypearsonstore.com/bookstore/biology-of-humans-concepts-applications-and-issues-9780321820600

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Point Breakdown

• Midterm Exams – 125 points each, 4 exams (500 points)

• Comprehensive Final (200 points)• Lab Exams

– 62.5 points each, 2 exams (125 points)

• Pop Quizzes (50 points)• Homework (40 points)• Online Homework (40 points)• Lab Participation (45 points)

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Standard Grading

• Follow the traditional breakdown:

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Grade Percent

A 90 to 100%

B 80 to 89%

C 70 to 79%

D 60 to 69%

F < 60%


Exam Policies

• Early Exam

–Contact me ASAP

– Early Midterm

• Requires written approval from division chairperson and myself

– Early Final

• Requires written approval from the Office

of Instruction and myself

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Exam Policies

• If you miss an exam

–Contact me before the scheduled exam or you will receive ZERO points for the exam

– Email me: [email protected]

– Leave message with Hilary Wardlaw

• 256-7727

– Leave message on biology dept phone

• 256-7295

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Missed Exams & Make Up Exams

• If you have –Contacted me BEFORE the start of the exam

–A documented medical excuse

– THEN…may take a make up exam

• Make up exam will be given the last week of class (the week BEFORE finals)

• No make up exams for the final or

lab practicals11


Laboratory

• 2 exams

• You CANNOT make up a missed lab exam

• Attendance & Participation

• May be used to cover lecture material

• You are expected to read and print out the lab handouts PRIOR to lab

• Pop quizzes

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mailto:[email protected]

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Accommodations

• Learning or Physical Disabilities• Campus Resources• Learning Services – Library 1766

– Phone: 256-7442

• Counseling – 1300 Building– Phone: 256-7220

• Ask me if you have questions• Authorization from DSPS is required

before any accommodation can be made

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Appropriate Behavior

• Follow Safety Guidelines

• Professional Conduct is expected

• The following will NOT be tolerated

–Disruptive/Rude Behavior

–Discrimination

–Harassment

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Cheating

• Will not be tolerated

• If you cheat

– You will receive a ZERO for the exam

–Official report will be submitted to the VP of Student Services

– If you have notes or a cell phone with you at your desk during an exam you will receive a ZERO for the exam

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Cheating

• If you copy answers from another student you will receive a ZERO for the exam

• 2nd act of academic dishonesty you will FAIL the course– Lying is an act of academic dishonesty

• Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty

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Review Questions• How many midterm lecture exams are

there?

• Is the final comprehensive?

• Can you take an exam early?

• Can you take an exam late?

• When can you take the make-up exam?

• Can you make up missed quizzes?

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Study Strategies

• Study Early & Often• Know Your Learning Style• Manage Your Time• Create a Nice Study Area• Have a Reading Strategy• Take Good Notes• Study Actively• Have a Test Taking Strategy• Use All Available Resources

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Quizlet

• Be sure to create an online quizlet account

• Will send invitations for the class based on email provided on sheet you filled out at the start of the class

• Computer, laptop, phone

• https://quizlet.com/latest

• Do you have a laptop/tablet you could bring to class?

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.20

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Chapter 1Humans in the World of Biology

• Characteristics of Life

• Levels of Biological Organization

• Organ Systems

• Anatomy & Physiology

• Taxonomy


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https://quizlet.com/latest

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Lecture 1 Homework

• Reading–Chapter 1

• Mastering Biology– Introduction to Mastering Biology

–Chapter 1

–Due Thursday August 25th by midnight

• Experimental Design Homework–Due Friday August 26th at the start of class

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Is it Alive?

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Look Closer…

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Characteristics of Living Things

• Contain biological molecules

• Cellular

• Reproduce

• Acquire and Use Energy (Metabolism)

• Respond to Environment

• Maintains Homeostasis

• Populations of Living Organisms Evolve and Have Adaptive Traits

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Contain Biological Molecules

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

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Are Cellular

• Cells = Smallest unit of life

• All arise from preexisting cells

• Unicellular vs Multicellular

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Reproduce• Asexual Reproduction

– Simple one celled organisms dividing in half

• Sexual Reproduction

–Genetic material is combined to produce a unique individual organism

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Acquire and Use Energy Metabolism

• Chemical Reactions

• Obtain Energy from nutrients

• Use this Energy

–Growth and Development

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Respond to their Environment

• Detect stimuli and respond to it

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Maintain Homeostasis

• Physiological Variables

– Temperature

– Salt and Water Concentrations

–Blood Glucose Levels

–Blood Pressure, etc.

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Evolve & Have Adaptive Traits

• Traits that help you survive and reproduce

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Figure 1.1 Characteristics of life (1-7).


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Levels of Biological

Organization

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Image From:http://faculty.uca.edu/johnc/intro%20ecology.htm


Activity

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Levels of Organization of Life

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Organ Systems

ORGAN SYSTEM FUNCTION

Integumentary Covers and protects our body

Digestive Converts food to nutrients

Circulatory(Cardiovascular)

Transports nutrients and wastes to and from the cells

Immune Defends against disease

Respiratory Exchange gases with the environment

Urinary Eliminates wastes

Nervous Communication within the body, regulates functions

Muscular Moves the body

Skeletal Supports the body

Endocrine Regulates systems and internal environment

Reproductive Produces offspring

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Anatomy & Physiology

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Image From:http://images.wisegeek.com/human-body-systems.jpg


Evolution: A Unifying Theme In Biology

• Scientists assume that shared characteristics among organisms indicate a common ancestry

• Humans share many characteristics with other animals and show greatest similarity to other vertebrates, especially mammals

• Scientists use Domains and Kingdoms to organize evolutionary relationships

• Several classification systems have been proposed, the latest includes three domains

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Taxonomy

• Biologists like to –Classify things

–Put them into categories

• One way to divide them is into domains– Eukarya

–Archaea

–Bacteria

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Domains

• There are 3 domains:

– Eukarya: have a nucleus

–Archaea: one-celled organisms that lack a nucleus (prokaryotic), live in extreme environments

–Bacteria: one-celled organisms that lack a nucleus (prokaryotic)

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Kingdoms

• Domain Eukarya is divided into Kingdoms

–Protista

– Fungi

–Plantae

–Animalia

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Domains & Kingdoms

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Scientific Method

• Identify a problem or question

– Examples:

• Why do certain cells turn into cancer cells?

• Is this substance hazardous to your health?

• Formulates a plan to study the problem

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Scientific Method1. Observation2. Investigate3. Develop a testable

hypothesis….Prediction4. Experiment5. Repeat Experiments6. Analyze7. Draw conclusions8. Report

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Scientific Method

• Oh (Observe)

• I (Investigate)

• Hate (Hypothesis)

• Eating (Experiment)

• Ribs (Repeat)

• And (Analyze)

• Cold (Conclude)

• Rice (Report)

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Image From:http://foodcomas.com/2010/11/08/char-siu-baby-back-ribs/


Theory

• Well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world

• Theory = an accepted hypothesis

• Similar to a “law”

• Few theories in science

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Experimental Design

• Investigate and Search

– Literature, Databases, etc.

• Design the experiment to test one variable at a time

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Experimental Design

• Control Group

• Experimental Group

• Repeat

–Repeat the experiment to get statistically significant data

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Variables VS Constants

• Variable– Something that is changed to see how that change

effects the study– Independent Variable

• The one factor that is different between the control and experimental group

– Dependent Variable• The variable that was changed by the independent variable

• Constant– All the factors that are kept the same in the

experiment

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Example

• Hypothesis:

–Artificial sweeteners are safe to eat

– The researchers choose the mouse as a model to test the safety of the additive

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Homework

• Complete the handout on Experimental Design that you received today

• Use pages 6 to 8 in your textbook to help complete the assignment

ASSIGNMENT IS DUE ON

FRIDAY AUGUST 26TH

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Clinical Trials

• Medicines or other materials

– First tested on laboratory animals

– If successful then clinical trials begin

• All human participants must give informed consent to participate

• 3 Phases to clinical trials

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Clinical Trials

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Clinical Trials

• Several experimental groups

–Different dosages of the drug

–One control group (Placebo)

–Groups treated identically except for onevariable

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Clinical Trials

• Double Blind Study

• Epidemiological Studies

– Example: Does smoking cause cancer?

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Epidemiologic Evidence

• Look at cancer rates over time

• Correlate cancer rates with events and changes that also occur during that period

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General Terminology

• Function– The normal physiologic activity of an organ or

part. This is the job of the part of the body.

• Produce– “To produce” = to make

• Synthesis– Building up of something

• Lack– Does not have or does not contain

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General Terminology

• Inhibit– To decrease, limit, or block the action of function of

• Stimulate– To temporarily increase the activity of a body organ

or part

• Dilate– To make wider or larger

• Constrict– To make smaller or narrower by binding or

squeezing

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Important Concepts

• What are the seven characteristics of living organisms?

• What are the domains and kingdoms?• What are the characteristics of organisms in

the domains and kingdoms?• Which domain and kingdoms do humans

belong in?• What are the steps of the scientific

method? Be able to describe the steps in order

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Important Concepts

• What is a hypothesis and how does it differ from a theory?

• Understand how to set up an experiment using the scientific method and be able to identify the hypothesis, variable, test or experimental group, control group and constants.

• Know the phases of clinical trials

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Definitions• Adaptive trait• Anatomy• Biosphere• Cell• Clinical trials• Community• Conclusion• Constant• Control group• Controlled

experiment• Deductive reasoning• Dependent variable • Double blind study• Ecosystem

• Epidemiology• Experimental group• Homeostasis• Hypothesis• Independent

variable• Inductive reasoning• Information literacy• Information

technology literacy• Informed consent• Metabolism• Multi-cellular• Physiology• Placebo

• Population• Science• Scientific method• Statistical

significance• Theory• Unicellular• Variable

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The End

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Biology 105: Human Biology - Napa Valley · PDF fileBiology 105: Human Biology Fall 2016 ... •Cells and Cell Division ... –Introduction to Mastering Biology –Chapter 1