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8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biodiversity-and-drug-discovery 1/9
BIODIVERSITY AND DRUG
DISCOVERY
“A Vital SymbioticRelationship”(title,leave some space
in the poster for me to write it in)
• Drugs developed from microbial natural products are set the
foundations for modern pharmaceutics
• Yet, there may be many more of them still unknown to
scientists, waiting to be discovered….
8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
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• Any efforts to successfully exploit the chemical diversity
of microbial secondary metabolites need to rely heavily on a
good understanding of microbial diversity, being the
working hypothesis that maximizing biological diversity is
the key strategy to maximizing chemical diversity which
leads to drug discovery!
Drug Categories: a few
exampes!
• Vitami"s
• A"ti#ioti$s• A"ti%istami"es• A"ti& age"ts 'a"timaaria
age"ts(a"ti"eopasti$
)etoxif*i"g age"tsage"ts(immu"oogi$ age"ts(
et$+,• A"ti$a"$er Drugs• A"tips*$%oti$s• Ba$teria -a$$i"es• I"%i#itors• .epari"s• I"sui"
A") t%e ist goes o" fore-er as
)rug )is$o-er* progresses!
8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
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/%* is #io)i-ersit* importa"t i"
)rug )is$o-er*0
• ost pharmaceutical drugs are
derived either directly or indirectly
from wild species, mainly plants…
• !hus the wider the variety of
different species in nature the
more the potential treatments that
can be derived from them"
1a"t 2i"g)om:• #or example, taxol, an anti$cancer drug,
was discovered in the bark of %acific Yew
trees in &'(s old$growth forests.
8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
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Natura* o$$urri"g a"ti#ioti$s : These are
prepared without any artificial substances and have a natural
origin. Mineral and naturally occurring plant extracts are the
main ingredients of these natural antibiotics.
3+Ai$i":• 2i"g)om:1a"tae
• 4ou"): i" GAR5IC• Function:specific inhibitor of the acetyl$'oA synthetases
from plants,
yeast and mammals. !he bacterial acetyl$'oA$formingsystem.!hus stops their growth.
8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
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6+A$ti"o"i":• 2i"g)om:1ro7ar*ota
• Deri-e) from: Ba$teria
• 4u"$tio": 1D4 i"%i#itor(Peptide deformylase (PDF) is essential in proaryotes and absent in mammalian cells.)
• A"ti&.IV a$ti-it*
• Agai"st E+Coi• Agai"st Stap%*o$o$us
AereusE+Coi #a$terium
8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
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8+1e"i$ii":
• 2i"g)om:4u"gi• 4ou") i":Penicillium fungi.
• 4u"$tio": penicillin binds to the enzyme )DD$
transpeptidase* that links the peptidoglycan molecules
in bacteria. !hus,bacteria cannot construct their cell
walls.
• Treats: syphilis, and infections caused
by staphylococci andstreptococci.
PEnicillium funi
Foods with natural antibiotic properties:
8/9/2019 Biodiversity and Drug Discovery
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Various scientific studies have shown that certain foods we
eat have characteristics and qualities which act as a
natural antibiotic on the human body.
• Kingdom :Plantae
• . Vitamin C:
• Found in!hesperides"plants"fruit"vegetables• Function!#.$cts against certain bacteria and
fungi %. skin repair &. wound healing,
strengthens the human immune system
and increases the body’s ability to resist
infection• Treats! Treatment of wounds"snae bites.
TREatment for infections observed in
!"#
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• Eukalyptus Tree:
• Function: natural antiseptic which kills
certain funguses, bacteria and viruses.
Kingdom:Animalia
• Tropical cone snails:
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• Secrete toxins with great
pharmacological value and
potential
• Conotoxins: +.block key neurological
pathways.-elp to detect and may also treat small$cell
lung cancer, one of the most devastating
human cancers
cone
snail
Lucia…I hope you see this note!!!I have divided the potential drug
sources into Kingdomsso try to keep
drugs o the same kingdom "ithin
the same space #$Leave a small space across the
%ottom or me to "rite in the
conlusion&$Leave some space in the middle
top or title!