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BIODIESEL FROM MICROALGAE1BIODIESELWhat is Biodiesel?Petrodiesel alternative fuel that comes from mostly vegetable oil or animal fatsObtained from transesterified oil and fatsAdvantages:Renewable resourcesReduction of most exhaust emissionsHigher flash point safer handling and storageBIODIESELBiomassOil Yield (L/ha)Corn172Soybean446Peanut1.059Canola1.190Rapeseed1.190Castor1.892Karanj (Pongamia pinnata)2.590Coconut2.689Palm fruit5.950Microalgae (70% weight oil)136.900Microalgae (30% weight oil)58.700MICROALGAEMicroalgae are photosynthetic microorganism which converts sunlight, water and CO2 to sugars, from which macromolecules such as lipids and triacylglycerides (TAGs) can be obtained (Sakhtivel et al, 2011)

ab(a) Chlorella vulgaris dan (b) Nannochloropsis sp.Sumber: (a) web.biosci.utexas.edu dan (b) cfb.unh.edu

Fig Microalgae Growth Curve (Dianursanti, 2012)

Microalgae Growth Phase1.Adaptation (Lag)2.Growth (Log)3.Decreasing of Growth rate4.Maximum Growth rate5.Death phaseMicroalgae adapting to its environment. The cells are sensitive to environmental changeAbundant nutrient and light. Cell divides on constant rate. Biomass increases proportionallyUneven nutrient total to cell population. Declining of growth rateLimited nutrient and lightCell growth rate = cell death rateDeclining of population. 5Storing the Suns Energy (Photosynthesis)

What is neededSunlightCO2NutrientsStorage of EnergyLipids and oilsCarbohydrateshttp://www.veggievan.org/downloads/articles/Biodiesel%20from%20Algae.pdf

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYStrain selectionCultivationDewatering/ HarvestingExtractionTransesterification

Solvent extraction Pressing

Important characteristics of AlgaeHigh % of total biomass is oilMaintains a high % of oil even under stressCompatible with the area climate