Big Sixhttp://www.big6.com/kids/

Research Method

1) Task Definition

• Define the information problem– What does the assignment ask you to do?– Break the assignment down into manageable parts

• Identify the information needed to complete the assignment

– What is the subject/topic?– 5W’s + H may be a good place to start– Create a keyword bank to use when you search

Task DefinitionChoose a Topic

What is the issue of ______________?Who is involved?Why the issue is important/controversial?How does a constitutional principle or ideal support your position on the

issue?What is a/an _______________?

Function definitionExample definitionNegation definition

Where does _____________ happen/not happen?When has _______________ been allowed/not allowed?How do people use/not use ________________?Why should people have the right to support ________________ /

have the right to oppose or boycott __________________?

Task Definition• Paper or Presentation• Provide Background on:

– What is the issue of airport body scans? When going through the security line before boarding an airplane, one must subject themselves to a body scan imager, like an x-ray machine rendering clothes useless in hiding anything.

– Who is involved? Transportation Safety Administration, anyone who flies as a passenger on a commercial airplane.

– Why the issue is important? Controversial because some value privacy over safety and others safety over privacy.

• How does a constitutional principle or ideal support your position on the issue? Privacy violations could be viewed as a violation of the principle of limited government or not having scans fail to ensure the ideal of domestic tranquility/common defense

• How does two more piece of credible information logically support your position on the issue Freedom of Speech – hate speech?

Task Definition Continued• Explicit/clear & obvious references within

the paper to 4 or more credible sources that provide relevant information– 1 US Constitution– 2– 3– 4

• Cite sources within the paper, presentation, or bibliography– Note cards– “”().– bibliography

• Take a position on the issue airport body scans

Task Definition (Continued)

• What is an airport body scan?– Function definition

• Travelers in airports who are selected at security check points must successfully pass through a whole body-imaging machine that sees through clothes.

– Example definition• X-ray machine that sees through clothing

– Negation definition• Not a metal detector, not a hand pat-down, not a wand-swipe

• Who does an airport body scan effect/not effect?– Effects travelers traveling through major airports in

the US.– International & Sea-Tac

• Where does an airport body scan happen/not happen?– There are 385 whole body imaging machines in 68

major airports in the US including Spokane

• When has an airport body scan been allowed/not allowed?– Airport body scans and aggressive pat-downs

have been a part of the stepped up security measures stemming from the plot at the beginning of November when a Nigerian man on a plane bound for Detroit smuggled PETN (a powdered explosive) on his body through a metal detector.

• Why should people have the right to support an airport body scan / have the right to oppose or boycott an airport body scan?– People have the right to support airport body scanning because

it is the government’s attempt to ensure domestic tranquility or provide for the common defense (Constitutional Ideals).

– People have the right to oppose or boycott airport body scanning because it can be seen to infringe on people’s individual rights, specifically

• How do people use/not use an airport body scan?– If travelers who are selects for random screenings or

are red flagged refuse to subject themselves to a full body image, the traveler must then participate in an aggressive pat-down (used to be back of hand, but is now palm and can seem invasive)

Key Word Bank

• Invasive • TSA (Transportation Security Administration)• Security• Protection• Department of Homeland Security• Body Imaging Machines• Pat-down• Janet Napolitano• National Opt Out Day

2) Information Seeking

You know what you need to look for. You have a purpose. Now you need to go find what you are looking for.

• Brainstorm/list possible sources– Where specifically are you going to go to find the

information you need• Evaluate possible sources

– Can you actually use the places you brainstormed/listed?

– Do you need a library card to access it?– Do you need a password to a database to access the

information you need?

Information Seeking

• Topic Overviews– http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/11/12/travel.screening/index.

html?iref=obnetwork

– http://www.usatoday.com/travel/news/2010-11-17-airportpatdown_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip

– www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-pn-tsa-screening-20101122,0,1142982.story

• Court Cases – http://www.oyez.org/– www.landmarkcases.org– http://openjurist.org/

• Opposing View Points (Rogerian Arguments)– http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/start.do?

prodId=OVRC&userGroupName=splbt_main

3) Locate & Gather Sources

You know what sources are available to you.• Find the sources you are going to use and

write them down (on separate index cards or a source sheet)– Use your keyword bank to search

• Take out relevant information from your source– Find the information in the source that will

help you make your point

Locate & Gather Sources

• 2 Options

• Must do 1 of the 2– Note Card Examples– Source Note Sheet

Front of Notecard

Authors Name(Last, First)

#1

Title of Publication/ Title of Website

Title of Article/ Title of web page

Page #(s) /Web address/URL(www.__________) BE SPECIFIC!

Date of Publication /Date found on webpage

Back of notecard

#1

This is where the relevant quotation you are taking from the text goes.

“The relevant quotation should have quotations around it and a specific page #” (p234)

This is where you put this relevant quotation in your own words (paraphrase).

Front of Notecard

Gast, Phil #1

CNN.com

“Growing backlash against TSA body scanners, pat-downs”

http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/11/12/travel.screening/index.html?iref=obnetwork

November 13, 2010

Bibliography

Gast, Phil; “Growing backlash against TSA body scanners, pat-downs”; CNN.com;http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/11/12/travel.screening/index.html?iref=obnetwork ; November 13, 2010

Back of notecard

#1"We certainly understand the challenges that DHS confronts, but the question

remains, 'where do we draw the line'? Our country desperately needs a long-

term vision for aviation security screening, rather than an endless reaction to

yesterday's threat," the statement said. "At the same time, fundamental

American values must be protected.“ (paragraph 8)

The American people have the right to expect that the Department of Homeland Security take proactive actions to ensure our flights are safe. On the other side

of the coin, this technology could be abused by our government and has the potential to violate our right to be free from illegal search and seizure/right to privacy.

Source Note SheetAuthor name (Last,1st)

Title of publication or web site

Title of article or web page

Date of Publication or Date found on Web page

Page #

Text-based evidence. (relevant quotation + paraphrase)

Gast, Phil CNN.com “Growing backlash against TSA body scanners, pat-downs”

November 13, 2010

Para#8

"We certainly understand the challenges that DHS confronts, but the question remains, 'where do we draw the line'? Our country desperately needs a long-term vision for aviation security screening, rather than an endless reaction to yesterday's threat," the statement said. "At the same time, fundamental American values must be protected.“ (paragraph 8)

The American people have the right to expect that the Department of Homeland Security take proactive actions to ensure our flights are safe. On the other side of the coin, this technology could be abused by our government and has the potential to violate our right to be free from illegal search and seizure/right to privacy.

http://www.cnn.com/

2010/TRAVEL/

11/12/travel.screening

/index.html?iref=obnetwork

4) Use information

You found it. Now we need to use it appropriately

• If you read it, look at it, or listen to and it doesn’t make sense > ask for help.– The information should help support your

thesis/position statement or main points

• Taking notes http://www.big6.com/2001/12/09/ideas-about-note-taking-and-citing-sources/

Thesis

5) Organize your information

• Put your notes & ideas together to form a rough draft of your assignment– Written rough draft– Story board– Graphic organizer

• Present the information – Did you follow the guidelines for the role/audience of the

assignment?– Did you follow the format of the assignment?– Did you include the necessary criteria for the assignment?– Is the presentation something you would be proud to show

anyone/everyone?

Thesis• Airport body scans are an infringement on our

individual liberties and should be banned due to our invasion of privacy implicitly stated in the Bill of Rights. or

• It is critical to allow Full body imaging in airport It is critical to allow Full body imaging in airport security lines is an important safety measure to security lines is an important safety measure to ensure domestic tranquility and is a small price ensure domestic tranquility and is a small price to pay protect the common good; keeping the to pay protect the common good; keeping the general public safe from those who would wish general public safe from those who would wish to do America harm.to do America harm.

Introduction

• Does the distressing moment of a pat-down by a highly-trained TSA security guard outweigh the peace of mind that comes from knowing that all of the other passengers aboard you flight were subjected to the same scrutiny for your safety? Is the awkward moment one experiences when the display screen shows you, al-fresco, so uncomfortable that that you would risk your safety and the safety of all of the other travelers to not go through with it? Americans cannot expect their government to provide complete liberty at the expense of our security. It is critical to allow full body imaging in airport security lines is an important safety measure to ensure domestic tranquility and is a small price to pay protect the common good; keeping the general public safe from those who would wish to do harm.

Body 1

Sacrificing a minimal amount of individual liberty with a stringent airport screening process is a small price to pay for the peace of mind that comes with knowing there aren't people trying to blow up you plane. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officers are the trained professionals, supported by the Department of Homeland Security, who help keep our flights safe. The US Constitution explicitly states in its preamble, that, “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, . . . insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, . . . do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In other words, our government has the goal of keeping its citizens safe from security threats, serious threats of malice and violence, from both within our boarders and abroad. Body imaging is one of the strategies our government’s agencies attempt to accomplish this security.

Body 2Granted, Americans are entitled to the right to privacy inferred from, “ The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated.” and “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny the or disparage other retained by the people.”, as stated in the the 4th and 9th Amendment, respectively. This is the point at which ideal is set against ideal and principle conflicts with principle. When the goals of our country battle with the idea of people exercising individual rights, a seemingly contradictory scenario, this is where we recognize that individual liberty and the common good must coexist or balance on a continuum. In most cases, when individual liberty perspective increases, the common good perspective must decrease in order to compensate or balance. Likewise, when the level of the common good increases, individual liberty must decrease accordingly. Some would say our exercise of individual liberty is what makes us American and exists as the reason why the United States remains the best country in the world.

Body 3However, what good is our 'liberty' and 'freedom' if Americans cannot board an aircraft without the fear that the ordinary-looking person sitting next to us, or the innocent-looking person across the isle, or even the harmless-looking person sitting next to the window near the wing isn't carrying an explosive device with the intention of making a statement, proving a point, or furthering a cause? “Our country desperately needs a long-term vision for aviation security screening, rather than an endless reaction to yesterday's threat" (CNN.com). How does our country's Department of Homeland Security and TSA do their job adequately if we tie their hands by removing tools and technology that help keep Americans safe? They cannot unless we allow them to. Like the idea of popular sovereignty, we must trust our government with the power we allow it to have; trust our government to keep its citizens safe by giving up a minimal portion of our individual liberty. Group decisions, decisions made for the good of the whole, or the common good, cannot be made unless the individuals in the group sacrifice some of their individual liberty.

Body 4Some may say that this issue perches on a slippery slope. How easy would it be for these security measures to be taken advantage of? To be used in ways they were not intended to be used? To take away the very liberties our troops, around the world, on a daily basis, are risking their lives to protect? Where do we draw the line? Believe it or not, there are times of crisis when leaders have to stand up and be leaders; making decisions on behalf of everyone for the common good. Our government is set up in a way that protects the people from its government; that limits our government and how much power it has, as well as separates power between the branches so that individual liberties are protected and the common good can be achieved. It is conceded that certain branches of government, in times of crisis, have become restrictive in the individual liberties department. But restrictive for the purpose of protecting the common good, insuring the ideals of providing for domestic tranquility, the common defense, and the general welfare. Full exercise of individual liberty and of the common good rarely exist. When we are less restrictive in our security efforts, the individual liberty meter raises at the expense of security and the common good. We cannot make poor decisions, based on prideful thinking, about our liberty at the cost of the common good and public safety.

Body 5On the surface level, the issue or the controversy surrounding body scans is

that they invade your privacy and the trade off is that your travel is more secure. When going through the security line before boarding an airplane, one must subject themselves to a body scan image machine, like an x-ray machine rendering clothes useless in hiding anything. Travelers in airports who are selected at security check points must successfully pass through a whole body-imaging machine that sees through clothes. This procedure happens at in 68 major airports in the US from airports as big as SeaTac, to ones as small as the one in Great Falls, Montana, to intermediate sized airports like like Spokane International. There are 385 whole body imaging machines in use at these airports throughout the country; obviously busier checkpoints having multiple scanners. The people effected by this security technology are Transportation Safety Administration (a Division of the Department of Homeland Security), the TSA officers at airport checkpoints, and anyone who flies as a passenger on a commercial airplane. Privacy violations could be viewed as a violation of the principle of limited government or the principle of individual rights provided for in the 4th and 9th amendments. On the flip side, not having scans fail to ensure the ideal of domestic tranquility and/or provide for the common defense.

Conclusion

The minor inconvenience of the body scan is temporary. The life of a family member is irreplaceable. Body imaging at airport checkpoints, performed by highly trained TSA officers, is an effective way to defend against, and even detour, those who would wish harm against ourselves, those close to us, and the ideals and principles our nation stands for. If one feels that these security measures are overly invasive and violate the very liberties our troops are around the world protecting

with their presence, then choose not to fly.

6) Evaluation

• Compare your assignment to the rubric/criteria your teacher gave you.– Do the components in your assignment meet standard on the

rubric? How?– Did you give credit to all of your sources?– Is your work neat?– Is your work complete?

• How efficient were you at the research/problem solving process?– What did you learn?– What skills will you be able to use again?– What did you do well?– What would you do differently next time?– What did you need, but did not have?– What did you have, but did not need?

Do I have all of these components in my paper/ presentation?

For a response to be considered “Proficient,” it needs to include the following elements

1. States a position on the issue that considers both individual rights and the common good. 2. Provides background on the issue by defining the issue 3. Provides background on the issue by explaining why this issue is important by relating it to

individual rights OR

the common good. 4. Includes an explanation of how a constitutional principle logically supports the position on the issue. 5. Includes an explanation of how one additional piece of credible information logically supports the position on the issue. 6. Makes explicit references within the paper or presentation to three credible sources that provide relevant information. 7. Establishes the credibility of sources within the paper, presentation, or bibliography. 8. Includes all of the elements above in a cohesive paper or presentation.

For a response to be considered “Excellent,” it needs to have all of the above plus these additional elements

9. Includes a call to action in the position on the issue. 10. Provides background on the issue by explaining why this issue is important by relating it to BOTH

individual rights AND

the common good. 11. Includes an explanation of how a second additional piece of credible information logically supports the position on the issue. 12. Makes explicit reference within the paper or presentation to a fourth credible source that provides relevant information.