Index

443

Abarth, Karl, 349A.C. Cars, 146-148Adam Opel AG. See Opel companyAdenauer, Konrad, 377Aengeneydt, Josef, 50Air-cooled engines, 25, 67, 174, 177, 230, 250, 310, 319

Briggs (Tjaarda) design, 161-162Chevrolet Corvair, 396Daimler-Benz decision on, 12Lewis Airomobile, 163-164Tatras, 136-137, 223Voiture SIA competition, 192

Aircraft, powered by Volkswagen engine, 72Airomobile, 163-164Allmers, Robert, 3, 19, 20, 78Ambi-Budd, 72-73, 112, 238, 270American auto industry. See United States auto industry

American Society of Body Engineers, 183-184Amphibious car, 65-70, 149-150, 179-183Andreau, Jean, 194-195Argentina, 234Armstrong, A. C., 289-290Austin, Herbert, 124Austin company, 124, 297Australia, 240-248, 341Auto Union AG, 6-8, 19, 53-54, 162, 342Autobahn, 171, 199, 224, 329, 386Autocar, The, 117-119, 126-127, 136-138,144, 302, 318-319, 359

Automobil Revue, 359-361Automobile Engineer, The, 119, 126, 144

Automotive and Aviation Industries, 177Automotive Industries, 156, 159, 169, 170-171,251

Automotive News, 187-188

Bank of German Labor (BdA), 26-27, 29, 44Barber, Leslie F., 107-108, 331, 335, 338,343Barclay, Hartley, 81Barenyi, Bela, 159-160BdA. See Bank of German Labor (BdA)Beaumont, Horace C. M., 319-320, 322Beckett, Terence, 288Beermann, Hermann, 345-346Beier, Josef, 71, 151Belgium, 234-236, 330, 359, 362Bentley, John, 212Berlin Auto Show

1933, 2-31934, 181937, 291938, 199-2001939, 34-35, 119, 171, 198

Berryman, Richard, 105-106, 209-210, 237, 241, 243, 248, 305, 399

Bevin, Ernest, 309, 316Binder, Rolf, 118Bisset, R., 114Black, John, 299-302, 306Black market VW sales, 346-347BMW, 19, 237-238, 341Boas, C. P. "Guy," 296, 327-328Boddy, William, 382Bombs produced at VW plant, 45-50, 91

INDEX444

Borgward, Carl, 16Boyer, Robert, 262Boyle, Robert, 132Brabazon, Lord, 331-333Bradley, W. F., 169, 172Brakes, VW

American reviews of, 174, 182British review of, 145hydraulic, 372prototype design, 24

Brandenburg, Dr. Ing. e. h., 3, 20Braunschweig Vorwerk, 90Brazil, 231-232Breech, Ernest R., 272, 285, 287Breer, Carl, 159, 183Briggs, Walter O., 160-163Briggs Manufacturing Company, 128, 155, 160-163, 256-257

Bright, R. H., 295-296, 307, 309, 318, 329Britain

occupation of Germany, 93-96, 100-116, 342-343 (See also British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (BIOS); Control Commission for Germany (CCG), British Element of)

post-war Labour government, 290-291British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), 102, 104, 109-114, 231

British auto industryexports as goal, 292, 295, 296, 329, 334fear of VW market share, 112, 117, 122,

230-231, 284, 289, 295, 296, 329-330post-war development of, 290-293, 299-

302,305-325

rear-engine designs, 125-135, 310-315,319

resistance to change, 124, 135-136, 297, 305-306

Volkswagen Works, bid for, 293-299, 303-305, 325-326, 381

wartime shadow factories, use of, 297,298British Board of Trade, 291, 293-294, 299,316, 327, 328

British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Commit-tee (BIOS), 95, 142-148, 177, 293-295, 297-298, 329

British Light Utility Vehicles, 109, 113-114British Manufacture and Research Compa-ny (BMARCO), 320-321

British Two-Seater, 109, 113-114Brörmann, Rudolf, 101, 107, 214-215Brown, Julian, 156-157

Bruhn, Richard, 6Bryce, Charles, 145, 151, 152BSA, 342Bullock, John, 122, 382Burney, Sir Charles Dennistoun, 133-135Burney Streamline, 132-134, 157Bussien, Richard, 278-279

Cahan, Flint, 284-285Carlisle, A. F., 153-154Carter, J. W., 244Castle, W. J., 384CCG. See Control Commission for Germany(CCG), British Element of

Central Works, Nordhausen, 49-50Charitable Society for Former Volkswagen Savers, 376

Chase, Herbert, 158Chevrolet Corvair, 394, 397-399Chrysler Airflow, 155, 159Citroën, 201, 205, 320Claveau, Emile, 157, 190-194Clay, Lucius, 283Coates, Eric, 280, 284Cole, Edward N., 187, 396Coleman-Baber, A. John, 382Command Car, 70, 208-209Control Commission for Germany (CCG),British Element of, 102, 104-106, 108-111, 114, 231-233, 236, 270, 271, 296, 327-328, 338-339, 343, 346, 363, 366

Cooke, Sir R. Gresham, 359Cooper, Stanford, 271, 279-280, 282-285,285Co-operative Wholesale Society, 335-336Corvair, Chevrolet, 394, 397-399Cowling, William C., 257Craig, Joe, 95Cripps, Stafford, 291-292, 299-302, 309, 315-317, 335-336

Crossley Motors, 135Cyclecar, 126Cyclecars, 16Czechoslovakia, 221-228

DAF. See German Workers Front (DAF)Daimler-Benz, 19

auto racing and, 6, 9-12Benz RH series (Tropfen-Wagen) race

car, 11-12

Britain, 297merger of Daimler and Benz, 12, 379Porsche at, 3-4, 9, 12rear-engine design, 9-14, 55, 136, 218Tropfen-Auto, 11

INDEX 445

Volkswagen development, role in, 22-24,36,

51, 118wartime models of, 54wartime production by, 91

Dalton, Hugh, 316, 325Davidson, W. J., 168-169Dedman, John J., 246Degenkolb, Gerhard, 50Denmark, 234, 362D'Ieteren, Pierre, 235, 359Dietrich, Josef, 55-56Directive 50, 344-345DKW, 198, 229-230, 342, 373Dolphin, Dubonnet, 195-196Doman, Carl, 163Doman-Marks Engine Company, 163-164Douglas, R. B., 95Dowding, Hugh, 297Dubonnet, André, 194-196Dubonnet Narval (Dolphin), 195-196Duerksen, Menno, 183Dufour, John, 235-236Dugdale, John, 103, 139-142, 302, 304Duncan, Ian, 314Dunphie, Charles A., 151, 309, 329-330Dyckhoff, Otto, 42, 77-78, 80, 86-87, 224

Earl, Harley, 155Ellis, H. E., 144Englebert Magazine, 197-198Eschenlohr, John, 74Eschershausen, 91

Fallersleben, factory at. See VolkswagenWorksFaroux, Charles, 192-193, 198, 234Fedden, Roy, 137, 302-303, 307-318Ferguson, Harry, 299-301, 381Feuereissen, Karl, 115Fieseler Werke, 45Fisher, D. R. D., 112-113Fishleigh, Walter T., 157-158Ford, Edsel, 155, 160, 162, 255-256, 264,265, 272

Ford, Henry, 80-81, 155Hitler and, 253-256innovations by, 257-265

Ford, Henry II, 272, 277-282, 287, 399Ford Motor Company, 54, 155-156, 377,398-399

British, 124, 284, 288factories as VW prototypes, 79-83German, 110-111, 171, 173, 255, 268-

271

plastic-bodied car, 262-265, 272rear-engine designs, 256-265, 272Volkswagen acquisition proposed, 279-

288,357, 395-396

Volkswagens reviewed by, 147, 150-151,253,

267-268Ford Production Methods, 81-82Fothergill, Charles, 151-152Foundries, at automobile factories, 79, 111-112French auto industry

Claveau, role of, 190-194early history of, 189-190post-war production, 205-206pre-war production, 201small car development, 194-197Volkswagen development, response to,

197-202, 212-213Volkswagen Works, bid for, 208-214,

294, 341

Frey, Kurt, 28Fröhlich, Karl, 23Frostick, Michael, 131Frye, J. H., 175Fuel consumption, VW

British review of, 146Ford review of, 147

Fuller, R. Buckminster, 164-166

Ganz, Josef, 1, 13, 16, 71, 160, 196-197,358General Motors, 155

Chevrolet Corvair, 394, 397-399Holden's (Australia), 244-246Martia design, 169, 250-253Overseas Operations Division (GMOO),

252, 273 (See also Opel; Vauxhall)rear engine designs, 168-169, 187, 249-

253Volkswagen acquisition proposed,

252-253, 396Volkswagen development, response to,

249German auto manufacturers. See also Opel; Reichsverband der deutschen Automobil-industrie (RDA); Volkswagen

Allied occupation, production during, 110-111

fear of VW market share, 27, 169, 171,236,

373

INDEX446

military vehicles, production of, 53-55, 61-62 (See also Volkswagen, military version of)

model ranges, simplification of, 53, 54pre-war production figures, 24-26, 34production expansion planned by Hitler,

18-19shared production of VWs, proposed, 20,

24German trade unions. See also German Workers Front (DAF)

abolishment of, 26post-war claim to Volkswagen Works,

345-346German Workers Front (DAF), 26-30, 32-36,44, 89-90, 107, 343-344, 364, 374-377

GEZUVOR, 37, 81-85, 96. See also Volkswagen GmbH

Gibson, George, 325Goebbels, Joseph, 29Goldinger, Joseph, 14Goransch, Hans, 108Göring, Hermann, 51, 54, 173Goudard, Maurice, 192Grégoire, Jean-Albert, 199, 200, 278, 323-324Gregorie, Eugene T. "Bob," 257, 258, 264Guettier, Henri, 215Guthrie, W. G., 172-173

Hagemeier, Ernst, 53Hahn, Carl, 53-54Hanfstaengl, Ernst "Putzi," 1Hansa 400 cyclecar, 16Hanson, Harry, 81Hartnett, Laurence John, 244-248, 324-325, 341

Häsner, Alfred, 354Healey, Donald, 306-307Heber, Karl, 108Hebmüller, Josef, and Son, 351Heldt, Peter M., 156-157Henderson, Fred, 163Hennessey, Patrick, 270Hess, Rudolf, 7Hiemenz, Hans, 108Hillman Imp, 387Hillman Minx, compared to Volkswagen,145, 304

Himmler, Heinrich, 49, 68-69Hirohito, Emperor, 52Hirst, Ivan, 110-112, 144-145, 150, 208-209, 341, 347, 355, 381-382

assignment to Volkswagen Works, 104-108

Australians and, 244on Ben Pon, 233disposition of Volkswagen Works and,

330,337

Fedden and, 317Ford and, 270, 271German management and, 247, 273,

276, 280, 362

Renault and, 214, 217Rootes and, 303-304Russians and, 239on Tatra, 225

Hitler, Adolf, 75, 119, 155, 1711939 visit to Volkswagen Works, 37-38auto racing, support for, 6-8cars for people as goal of, 2, 15, 32-33Ford, relationship with, 253-256interest in automotive field, 1-2KdF-Stadt named by, 30-31Porsche and (See Porsche, Ferdinand)Volkswagen cabriolet presented to, 51Volkswagen design, role in, 14-15, 19,

20, 21, 25

at Volkswagen Works cornerstone ceremony, 31-33, 118

wartime Volkswagen production and, 67-69Hives, Ernest, 134Hoffman, Max, 196-197, 358, 392-394Holland, 233, 359, 362Hopfinger, K. B., 380Hörner, Franz, 12Hounsfield, Leslie, 127Howard, Graeme K., 183, 244, 272-273,277-283, 285-286

Hruska, Rudolf, 349Huland, Karl, 108Humber Ltd., 142-145, 148, 303, 307, 386-387Hunt, P. B., 330Hutchinson, Richard, 253

Illingworth, C. G., 277Irving, J. S. "Jack," 93Issigonis, Alec, 138, 297

Jackling, Roger, 384-385Jarrett, G. B., 179Jeeps, 178, 180

compared to Type 82 Volkswagens, 174-175

INDEX 447

Nuffield proposal to use VW Works for British version of, 298-299

U. S. wartime production of, 73Julian prototype, 156-157Junkers Flugzeug-und Motorenwerke AG,43-45

Junner, Gordon Mackenzie, 121

Kaes, Ghislaine, 380Kales, Josef, 16, 23, 108, 150-151, 163-164, 227, 250, 353

Karmann, Willhelm, 351-352, 372KdF-Stadt, 31. See also Volkswagen WorksKdF-Wagens. See Volkswagen, pre-war de-vel-opment of; Volkswagen, wartime production of civilian

Keirn, D. J., 266Keitel, Wilhelm, 67Keller die-making machine, 304, 341Kempka, Erich, 2, 75Kendall, Denis, 307, 318-325, 335Kendall-Beaumont, 318-325Kern, Hans, 37, 225Kettering, Charles, 169, 249-253Keynes, John Maynard, 109-110, 290King, R. H., 210Kissel, Wilhelm, 19Knight, G. S., 294-296Knott, Hermann, 276Knudsen, William S., 171-173Kohlbecker, Karl, 85Koller, Peter, 30Komenda, Erwin, 23Koppenberg, Heinrich, 44Kübelwagen. See Type 82Kuntze, Fritz, 52, 82, 83, 97La Pratique Automobile, 197Lafferentz, Bodo, 29-31, 33-34, 44, 80, 83,89,213, 364, 375-376

Laird, Henry, 103Lamb, P. Rawson, 193Lamm, Michael, 156Law 52, 337-338Lawson, British Secretary of War, 114Ledwinka, Erich, 226Ledwinka, Hans, 1, 128, 136-137, 221-223, 225-226

Lefauchaux, Pierre, 204-208, 214, 216, 219,278Lewis, Paul M., 163-164Ley, Robert, 26, 28-29, 31-32, 34, 44, 51,52, 58, 89, 170, 288, 343, 347, 364

Leyland company, 127-128Liese, Albert, 55Light Car, The, 120-121, 126Limited-slip differential, 60, 175Lincoln Zephyr, 257Ljungström, Gunnar, 228-230Loewy, Raymond, 304, 391London Passenger Transport Board, 356-357, 363-357

Lonsdale, John, 269-271Loorham, J. T. O., 241-242, 244Louis, Jean, 214-215, 217Lower Saxony, 363-364, 366, 368, 377Lucas, Ralph, 125Lusser, Robert, 45Luxembourg, 362

MacDonald, George, 269MacGregor, John, 274Marks, Ed, 163Martin, James V., 158-159Martin Aeroplane Company, 158-159Mass production, design for, 77-87, 317. See also Vertical integration

Mastra (Trojan), 127-128Mathis, Emil, 161-163Mayr, Hans, 52, 98McDuffie, Archie, 251McEvoy, Michael, 95, 102-104, 110, 111,353, 382

McInnes, Alasdair, 108, 330-331, 338, 365,381Mercedes-Benz company. See Daimler-BenzMercedes-Benz Type 130, 12-14, 55, 136,218Messerschmitt, Willy, 53Metzmaïer, Ernst, 215Mewes, Rudolf, 83-85MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), 170Mickl, Josef, 23Military government (Mil Gov). See Control Commission for Germany (CCG), British Element of

Military vehicles, production of, 53, 61-62. See also Volkswagen, military version of

British occupation forces, needs of, 108-114

motorcycles, 54-55, 67-68, 95price of, 69Tatra, German appropriation of, 222,

224-225Uniform Chassis I light vehicle, 54-55, 61,

62, 64, 66-67

INDEX448

Miller, Craig, 387Mills, Percy, 303-304Minoia, Fernando, 12Mommsen, Hans, 213, 373, 375Mooney, James, 25Morris automobile company, 124Morris Minor, 138, 297Morrison, Herbert, 357Moskvitch 400, 238-239Motor, The, 117-118, 121-122, 126, 138,144, 148-149, 152-153, 289-290, 292, 302, 318, 320, 366, 383-384

Motor Sport, 382Motorcycles

BSA, use of DKW information by, 342military, 54-55, 67-68, 95

Moulton, Alex, 310, 312, 314-315Müller, Josef, 12, 218Mulliner, Arthur, 319Münch, Hermann, 107, 273, 276

Nader, Ralph, 398Nador, Emery, 260Nallinger, Fritz, 11-12National Socialist Motoring Corps (NSKK), 55, 57

Nauck, Alfred, 197-198, 213-214, 234Neal, F. T., 338, 349News Chronicle, 151-152Nibel, Hans, 10-12, 131, 136Nordhausen Central Works, 49-50Nordhoff, Heinrich "Heinz," 96, 351, 368-372, 380-381, 386, 394-395

American sales of VWs, 358-359chosen as VW general manager, 274-

277Ford, relationship with, 281-283, 286-287Porsche, negotiations with, 349

North, Oliver D., 125North-Lucas prototype, 125-128, 157NSU Type 32 rear-engine car, 5, 8, 9, 13-17Nuffield Organisation, 296-298

Oak, Vic, 138O'Flaherty, Stephen, 382Öftering, Professor, 384-385Olley, Maurice, 96, 148, 216Omnia, 193Opel company, 54, 171-173, 198, 275, 341,386

exclusion from RDA/VW planning, 19, 25, 27

General Motors post-war questions on, 238, 253

low-price models, 18Russian removal of assets of, 238-239

Parker, Richard H., 284-285, 326, 338, 345, 356-357

Paul, Marcel, 208, 211, 213-214Pearson, Philip, 164Petit, Henri, 198, 234Peugeot, Jean-Pierre, 278Peugeot company, 46-47, 189, 201, 205,211, 213-214

Philipson, Gunnar V., 229-230Picard, Fernand, 201-205, 207, 217-220Piëch, Anton, 4, 30, 41, 213, 215, 216, 379Piëch, Louise, 349Platt, Maurice, 252-253Pomeroy, Laurence, Jr., 103-104, 121-123,144, 383-384

Pon, Ben, 41, 233, 352-354, 358, 362, 372,392Ponitowski, Stanislas, 320, 323Pons, Paul-Marie, 205, 206-207Popp, Franz Josef, 19, 26-29, 36Porsche, Ferdinand, 3-9, 71, 74, 131, 160,169

Allied inquiries into wartime activities of, 213-216, 226, 278, 326-327, 381

Briggs engine design and, 162-163at Daimler-Benz, 3-4, 12final visit to Volkswagen Works, 379-381Hitler and, 7-8, 14-15, 31, 42, 67, 78, 79,

86Renault, advice to, 215-216, 327Russian overtures to, 239-240U.S. trips, 1936 and 1937, 78-81Volkswagen Works opened by, 38war production, role in, 43-45, 49-50, 53,

67Porsche, Ferry, 80, 212, 390, 392

father, comments on, 4, 42, 78, 79, 379-381

postwar contract with VW, 348-350Volkswagen development, role in, 23, 24,

55-56, 351Volkswagen factory, comments on, 30, 38war production, role in, 62, 64-66, 67-69,

71Porsche company, 3-4

American post-war interviews of, 226French bid for Volkswagen Works and,

212-213Hütte base, 41later VW designs, 387-389NSU rear-engine car, 5, 8, 9

INDEX 449

race car development, pre-war, 5-8size of, 37Studebaker, designs for, 389-392torsion-bar suspension designs, 8-9, 79,

117,176, 179

Volkswagen developed by, 20-23, 41, 51Volkswagen "Exposé" (design plan), 16-

17,20, 369, 371

Volkswagen patents and rights, 117, 225-226, 284, 326, 347-350

Volkswagen Works plant design, 78-81war-time design work and income, 71-72Zündapp rear-engine car, 4, 9, 132

Portas, John, 270Pressed Steel Co. Ltd., 146

Rabe, Karl, 16, 23-24, 57, 390Radclyffe, Charles R., 189, 304, 353, 366

disposal of Volkswagen Works, 284-287, 331-333, 343, 358

Ford and, 279-281oversight of Volkswagen Works by, 106-

107,273, 274, 276

Renault and, 214, 217VDA established by, 269

Railton, Arthur, 233, 380, 394Rasmussen, Jörgen Skafte, 162RDA. See Reichsverband der deutschenAuto-mobilindustrie (RDA)

Rear-engine designs, 147. See also Tatra; Volkswagen

American, 156-169, 186-187, 249-253, 256-265, 272, 390

British, 125-135, 310-315, 319Reich Ministry of Transport, 3, 19, 20Reichsverband der deutschen Automobilin-dus-trie (RDA), 3, 19-22, 24-26, 29, 54, 171,

274. See also VDA

Reimspiess, Franz Xaver, 23, 25Renault, Louis, 199-205Renault company (Régie Renault), 189

4CV car developed by, 199-208, 215-219,

246, 327Dauphine, 219visit to Volkswagen Works, 214-215

Rhodes, Anthony, 199Richter, Karl, 342Ricker, Charles “Chet”, 177Ringel, Rudolf, 55, 208, 351

Ringhoffer-Tatra-Werke AG. See TatraRitchie, William, 326Roberts, Alan. See Rosenberg, AdolfRoberts, Albert, 259-261Roberts, Stephen, 26Robertson, Brian Hubert, 366Robjohns, A. J. "Robbie," 240-241Robson, Graham, 143Rolls-Royce, 134-135Rolt, Tony, 381Rommel, Erwin, 74Rootes Motors, 297, 302-305, 341, 382,387, 399

Rosenberg, Adolf, 5-6, 8Rover, 297Rover Motor Company

Scarab model, 128-132Zündapp, links with, 132

Rowlands, Archibald, 333-334Roy Fedden Ltd., 309-317Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME), British, 102, 104, 108, 270

Rumpler, Edmund, 10-11, 157Russia, 236-240, 270, 287, 295, 341-343,386

Saab, 228-230Scarab, Rover, 128-132Scarab, Stout, 166-168Schirz, Otto, 29Schjolin, E. Olle, 250, 251Scholz, Wilhelm, 19Schreier, Konrad F., Jr., 178-179, 183Schupp & Kremer, 85Schwimmwagen (amphibious, Types 128and 166), 65-70, 149-150, 179-183

Segrave, Henry de Hane, 93Selwyn, John, 329Serre, Charles Edmond, 201-203, 297Sheldrick, Lawrence, 259-261Shneeraupe (snow-caterpillar, Type 155),70Singer Motors, 146-147Skoda, 226-228Sloan, Alfred P., 250-252Snow-caterpillar, 70Societé des Ingenieurs de l'Automobile(SIA), 192, 194

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),157-158, 164, 175, 177, 180-181

Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), 93-95, 231, 291-292

Sorensen, Charles, 81, 82, 259, 265

INDEX450

Speer, Albert, 30, 42, 44, 50, 52, 274SS, testing of Volkswagens by, 22, 55Stadt des KdF-Wagens, 31. See also Volkswagen Works

Standard Fahrzeugfabrik GmbH, 16Superior small car, 16

Standard Motors, 297, 299-302, 306Vanguard saloon, 301-302

Sterkenburg auto design, 160Steyr Daimler Puch, 341-342Stoewer, military vehicles produced by, 54-55Stolz, Karl, 376Stout, William Bushnell, 164-168, 187, 394, 396

Stuck, Hans, 7-8, 14Studebaker, 253, 389-392Stuka (Type 62), 56-58Sunbeam racing cars, 93Swallow, William, 252-253Sweden, 228-230, 362Switzerland, 359-362

TatraGerman control of, 222, 224-225models, 1, 128, 136-138, 222-226, 313patent priority of, 225-226pre-war production of, 221-222

Thacker, Charles, 269, 278Thiriar, Michael, 380Thomas, Miles, 126-127, 137-138, 296-299, 316, 330, 335-336

Tire pressure, VW, 177Titchener, J. L. B., 233-234Tjaarda, John, 128, 155-156, 160-163, 168,187, 256-257

Todt, Fritz, 224Tolliday, Steven, 115, 368Transmissions, automatic, 71, 151Tregoning, W. Leonard, 271Trippel, Hanns, 66-67Trojan Limited, 127-128, 157

Mastra, 127-128Tropfen-Auto, 10-11Tucker, Preston, 186-187Turbocharger, 71Turner, George W., 112-113, 298-299, 334Turner, Ian, 368

Übelacker, Erich, 222-223Udet, Ernst, 43, 44, 173Uhlenhaut, Rudolf, 353-354Uniform Chassis I, 54-55, 61, 62, 66-67Union of Volkswagen Savers, 364United States

occupation of Germany, 98-99, 144, 341Volkswagen automobiles, military studies

of, 173-183Volkswagens exported to, 392-395, 398-

399VW manual developed by military, 176-

177United States Army Proving Grounds,Aberdeen, Maryland, 173-179, 183

United States auto industry. See also Ford Motor Company; General Motors

rear-engine designs (See Rear-engine designs)

1930s, development during, 155-156Volkswagen development, response to,

169,186-188, 249, 253

Volkswagen Works, bids for, 252-253, 279-288, 357, 395-396

V-1 (buzz bomb)Ford Motor Co., manufacture at, 266-267Volkswagen Works, manufacture at,

45-50, 91Van de Kamp, Will W., 394Vance, Harold, 253, 389-392Vanguard saloon, Standard, 301-302Vauxhall, 124, 253VDA, 269-270Vertical integration, 80, 173, 395Vitger, Erhard, 287Volksauto, 1Volkswagen, military uses of, 53-75

British reviews of, 138-142, 303Command Car, 70, 208-209desert, use on, 73-74, 138-139, 141-144,

173-175early development of, 55engine adapted to other uses, 72limited-slip differential, 60off-road mobility, 55, 57, 60-61post-war production, effect on, 71-72Schwimmwagen (amphibious, Types 128

and 166), 65-70, 149-150, 179-183Shneeraupe (snow-caterpillar, Type

155), 70Type 62, 56-58Type 82 (See Type 82)Type 86, 70Type 87, 60-61, 66Type 157, 71weight of, 55, 59-60, 180-181

Volkswagen, Occupation-period models,184-188

black market for, 346-347British response to, 150-154

INDEX 451

convertibles, 351, 372development of, 350-355export of, 230-234, 247, 325-326, 350,

359-362French response to, 209-210Karmann-Ghia designs, 351-352, 372occupation troops, sales to, 114, 152,

182-183Plattenwagen, 352prices of, 114-115, 152, 247production of, 114-115, 184, 210, 247,

285sales distribution system, 115, 286Type 11 (See Type 11)Type 21, 147Type 51, 111, 147Type 82, 111, 267-268vans, 353-355

Volkswagen, post-Occupation models, 369-399

Concept 1, 369development of new, 387-389exports, 372-374, 384, 386, 392-395,

398-399Golf, 372production, 368Transporter, 372, 394Type 181, 372

Volkswagen, pre-war development of, 3,117-124, 143-149, 169-171, 197-198, 369-369. See also Porsche, Ferdinand;

VW3 prototypes

actual production of, 51cabriolets, 51, 198classic style of, 369-372Claveau design compared, 191-193DAF purchase plan (See Volkswagen

savings plan)dealerships, 36Fedden design compared, 313-314journalists, demonstration for, 119-121patents, 117, 225-226, 284, 326people's car as goal, 2-3, 15, 32-33

planned production, 18, 37-39, 79, 169, 172, 198

repairs system, 36-37resources available for production, 24-26selling price, 15, 17-19, 20, 28, 79, 118,

169shared production proposal, 20, 24, 54Volkswagen "Exposé" by Porsche, 16-

17, 20Volkswagen, war-time production of civilian, 51-52

actual production, 52, 63-64planned production, 51price of, 52

Volkswagen Foundation, 379Volkswagen GmbH, 37, 273-277, 364. See also GEZUVOR

Allied decision on turnover of, 337-368federal government takeover of, 366-

368,377-378

public sale of shares, 378-379Volkswagen (model types)

Command Car, 70, 208-209Schwimmwagen (amphibious, Types 128

and 166), 65-70, 149-150, 179-183Shneeraupe (snow-caterpillar, Type

155), 70Stuka (Type 62), 56-58Type 11, 114-115, 145-146, 151, 183,

209, 350, 362

Type 21, 147Type 51, 111, 147Type 60, 56, 110, 114, 329, 369 (See also

Volkswagen, pre-war development of)Type 62, 56-58Type 82, 58-65, 70, 72-74, 103, 111, 141-

144,173-178, 240, 267-268

Type 86, 70Type 87, 60-61, 66Type 98, 70Type 128, 65-68Type 155, 70

Type 157, 71Type 166, 68-70, 149-150, 179-182Type 181, 372Type 287, 70, 208-209Type 402, 387Type 522, 387-389

Volkswagen Motors, 382Volkswagen savings plan, 27-28, 33-36, 170, 343, 364, 373-377

Volkswagen Works, 30-31as Allied bombing target, 46-49, 91-93,

96-98, 184Allied occupation, effect of, 98-116, 145,

208-210 (See also Volkswagen, Occu-pation-period models)

American information on, 183-188bids by other countries for (post-war),

208-214, 233-236, 239-248, 252-253, 279-288, 293-299, 303-305, 325-326, 341, 381, 395-396

British SMMT report on, 93-95building design, 77-87, 93-94, 96, 297-298components, sources of, 72-73, 92, 111-112construction of, 31, 41-43, 89-91, 118cost of factory, 89-90foundry at, 111-112German-Americans at, 52, 63, 80, 81, 98Hitler's visit, July 1939, 37-38Job One, 38machine tools, 52, 91-92, 95-96, 100-101,

214, 304, 341Piëch, Anton as manager of, 41as public utility, 28, 54repair work at, 355-356site of, 30-31, 81sub-story, 88, 93town name, 30-31, 101vertical integration, 80, 173, 395Vorwerk (Braunschweig), 90as war materiel production site, 42-51,

91-92, 98-100wartime forced laborers at, 97wartime production of vehicles, 51-52,

61-63, 72-73von Brauchitsch, Manfred, 6von Oertzen, Klaus Detlof, 6-8, 14von Opel, Wilhelm, 171-172von Schell, Adolf, 54, 78, 173, 224von Urach, Prince, 204, 217-218von Veyder-Malberg, Hans, 8, 225Vorwig, Wilhelm, 21-22, 24, 29, 274VW Motors Ltd., 382VW3 prototypes, 21, 34-36

testing of, 21-22, 29, 55

Wagner, Max, 10-12

ENDNOTES: CHAPTER ONE 453

Walb, Willy, 11, 12Wankel, Felix, 71War materiel production, 42-50Ware, Peter, 302, 314-317, 387Weir, Cecil, 270Wenner-Gren, Axel, 161-163Werlin, Jakob, 6, 9, 14-15, 20, 29, 52, 80Werner, Joseph, 52, 63, 92Werner, William, 6Wieland, Arthur J., 377, 395-396Wilkins, Gordon, 120, 152, 276, 310, 314-315, 385-386

Wilks, Maurice, 132Winter, Bernard "B. B.", 142-144, 148-149, 387Winter, Eduard, 275Wolfsburg, 101, 344-345. See also Volkswagen Works

Wood, Derek, 307, 309, 327-329Wood, Jonathan, 124Worden, Lloyd D., 183-184

Zahradnik, Josef, 23Zhukov, Marshal, 237-238Zoerlein, Emil, 253-254, 260Zoller, Arnold Theodor, 103-104Zündapp, 16

rear-engine car designed for, 4, 9, 132Rover, links with, 132

established 1950Automotive Reference™

Bentley Publishers, 1734 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-1804 USATel: 617-547-4170 • Toll Free: 800-423-4595 • Fax: 617-876-9235http://www.bentleypublishers.com/contact-us

Battle for the BeetleThe untold story of the post-war battle for Adolf Hitler’s giant Volkswagen factory and the Porsche-designed car that became an icon for generations around the globeby Karl Ludvigsen

Price: $39.95Bentley Stock Number: GVBPPublication Date: 2000.02.01ISBN: 978-0-8376-1695-7Softcover, 6-1/8” x 9-1/4”Case quantity: 1472 pages, 219 photos and illustrations

After World War II what was to be the fate of the odd bugshaped Volkswagen Beetle and its colossal bomb-battered factory? Legend has it that the victors underestimated the potential of the car that would become the automotive icon of several generations, indeed the world’s most-famous and most-produced automobile. Karl Ludvigsen’s interviews and researches in British, German, American, Australian and Belgian archives prove the contrary. His hitherto-untold story of why and how they didn’t get the factory makes revealing and engrossing reading.

History buffs and followers of World War II and its aftermath will relish the way Ludvigsen depicts afresh the creation of the VW by renowned and “untouchable” engineer Ferdinand Porsche, the building of its factory by Hitler crony Robert Ley, “a notorious womanizer who drank too much,” and the wartime career of the huge Wolfsburg plant as the prime contractor for the jet-powered V-1 flying bomb, the world’s first successful cruise missile.

Car enthusiasts who consider themselves well-read will be absorbed by Ludvigsen’s disclosures of the national and company mindsets that affected their respective attitudes toward the radical Volkswagen. Most astonishing are his revelations of the deep interest of Ford in the VW factory. Far from rejecting the VW plant, Ford proposed that it be merged with its existing German operations. But the executive charged with the mission (Ludvigsen reveals his identity) failed to follow through. Ludvigsen traces the Beetle’s impact on the world of autos, from the Chevrolet Corvair and Hino Contessa to rear-engined Fiats, Skodas and Hillmans. We learn why the most startling decision made by VW chief Heinz Nordhoff was not to change his car’s design. And we are brought right up to the 1998 launch.

For those who wish to comprehend its amazing impact on the auto market, Battle for the Beetle is the essential source.

Inside the Frankfurt Show in 1951 Volkswagen erected a spectacular display that used, as its dramatic signature, the distinctive design of its Wolfsburg factory.Chapter Ten: The Making Of A Non-Decision

One of several rear-engined prototypes built for Henry Ford.Chapter Eight: America Rides To The Rescue

BentleyPublishers.com

2000 Best Automotive Book of the Year! Awarded by the Society of Automotive Historians.

bentley_gvbp_new.product.announcement.pdf

Prototype VWs at the time of the Berlin Auto Show in February 1939.Chapter Four: Britain Meets The Beetle