10 Engines (power generation and propulsion, electric vehicles)

10 ENGINES WO2924 High tern erature fuel as desulfurlzation. Bench- scale testlng In a bub g c! llng fluldlze bed reactor

Schenk, E. and Kiel, J. H. ECN-C Report No.ECN-C-94-022, 1994, 36

Power Generation and Propulsion, Electric Vehicles

95lO2917 Baseload slzlng - just say ‘no’ Griffiths, R. Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226), 11-14. Manv small-scale CHP installations are undersized. This is to sav. thev are too imall to achieve optimum return on capital at the site conc&ned.~The reasons for this conservatism include, uite naturally, a fear of risk, but also often include the employment of a R ndamentally flawed approach to scheme evaluation. The author discusses the issues affecting CHP modelling.

PP. Describes fluidized-bed sorbents for the removal of impurities from fuel gas. The aim of the study is high-temperature gas cleaning in integrated gasification combined cycle plants. Preliminary results for dolomite and limestone sorbents are discussed.

95lQ2925 Laboratory tests - A key factor In turbocharger development

Policke, 0. ABE Review, 1995, (l), 36-42.

Although computer analysis has now reached a very high level of sophisti- cation, tests continue to play a very important role in turbocharger develop- ment. Today, ABB Turbo Systems’ laboratory for thermal machines has 16 test rigs at its disposal. Whether for determining thermodynamic parame- ters or alternating stresses in turbine blades, the combination of advanced measuring systems and state-of-the-art rigs provides reliable verification of even the smallest development steps. At the same time, complex mechani- cal qualification tests guarantee products of the very highest quality.

95102918 Calculation of heat transfer In a radlally rotatlng coolant passage ‘R&;$ A. K. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Dec. 1994, 26, (6),

The thrde-dimensional flow field and heat transfer in a radially rotating coolant passage are studied numerically. The passage chosen has a square cross section with smooth isothermal walls of finite length. The axis of rotation is normal to the flow direction with the flow radially outward. The effects of Coriolis forces, centrifugal buoyancy, and fluid Reynolds num- ber on the flow and heat transfer have all been considered. The analysis has been performed by using a fully elliptic, three-dimensional, body-fitted computational fluid dynamics code based on pressure correction

95lO2928 Maxlmum 8

The optimal performance of a two-stage endoreversible combined cycle is

eclflc

investigated for steady-state operation. The cycle efficiency at maximum

power output of a two-stage endoreverslble combine 8 cycle

Chen, J. and Wu, C. Energy, Apr. 1995, 20, (4), 305-309. techniques.

95102919 Clean combustion In gas turblnes: Challenges and technlcal responses - A revlew Beer, J. M. J. Institute of Energy, Mar. 1995, 68, (474), 2-10. Combustion turbine and gas turbine/steam combined-cycle plants have to satisfy requirements for high combustion efficiency and low pollutant emissions, in order to meet environmental regulations. Modification of the combustion process is the most cost-effective way of reducing NO,, HC, CO emissions. The processes of NO, formation and destruction, and CO oxidation, are reviewed with reference to advanced classes of gas-turbine combustors: Ultra Lean Premix, and Topping Combustors in directly and indirectly coal-fired combined cycles. Engineering solutions to the problem of low-NO, combustion are discussed, with particular attention to the effects on combustor design of fuel type and the nature of the combined cycle.

specific power output equals the Curzon-Ahlbom efficiency, whereas the maximum specific power output of the cycle is, in general, smaller than that of single-stage endoreversible cycle operating over the same tempera- ture range. Optimization problems concerning temperatures of the working fluid and heat-transfer areas of the heat exchangers are discussed.

95102927 Numerlcal analysis for supersonlc flows In a cooled nozzle

Qim;;, K. et al., Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Dec. 1994, 26, (6),

Numerical analysis is performed for fluid flows in a supersonic nozzle with cooled walls. The numerical methodology is based on a modified form of the SIMPLER algorithm for compressible fluid, coupled with the scheme developed by Karki et al. for a generalized nonorthogonal coordinate system.

95102920 Descrlptlon of the SMR c cle, which combines fluld elements of steam and organic Rank ne cycles Y Verschoor, M. J. and Brouwer, E. P. Energy, Apr. 1995, 20, (4), 295-303. The Rankme cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that is particularly suited for generating electricity from heat. A Rankine cycle with water as the work- ing fluid is the most frequently used process for large-scale electricity generation. For electricity production from low-temperature heat (up to about 400°C), the use of water is less suitable than that of organic media (organic Rankine cycle, ORC). Discusses a Rankine cycle that combines elements of the ORC with a steam cycle, i.e. an SMR Cycle. With this cycle, efficiency improvement up to 5-10% is obtained above comparable steam cycles. Application of the SMR cycle at municipal-waste incinera- tion plants and industrial enterprises (as joint-ventures with utilities) is desirable.

95102928 Partners In power

Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226), p. 15.

Reports that there is a growing concern that power generation should use it’s fuel as efficiently as possible, both from a economic and an environ- mental point of view. Combined heat and power is a technology well in tune with the times. Correctly applied, it may offer substantial reductions in energy costs, increased independence and the added security of on-site generation and a reduced impact on the environment.

95102921 Electrlcal systems In ABB combined cycle power plants Buck, D. ABE Review, 1995, (2), 15-23. Shorter lead times and pressure exerted by market forces on prices have in recent years significantly changed the boundary conditions for power plant construction. This development has also had an impact on the design of the electrical systems for combined cycle plants. Standardized assemblies and systems, built to modular principles and factory-tested, are the norm today, ensuring that assembly and commissioning proceed smoothly and provid- ing the basis for high reliability in service. Air-cooled generators, static starting systems, generator circuit-breakers and numerici generator pro- tection are among the special items of electrical equipment that support flexible operation and secure high availability for combined cycle plants.

95102929 R&D trends In gas turbines

Arai, N. et al., Energy World Mar. 1995, (226), 16-17.

The Research Centre for Advanced Energy Conversion was established in April 1992 at Nagoya University in Japan. Since its inception the centre has pursued the development of a high-temperature gas turbine called ‘chemical gas turbine’. The article summarises recent trends in the devel- opment of thermal efficiencies and turbine blade materials, and describes the concept behind the ccntre’s project.

95102930 Small-punch testlng for assesslng thick-sectlon comoonents

95102922 Expandlng market for CHP Guttridge, S. Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226), 7-10. The author reviews the progress of small-scale combined heat and power, and cites some typical applications.

95102923 Hlgh speed englne meets medium speed requirements MPS, Modern Power Systems, Feb. 1995, 15, (2), 45, 47, 49.

Describes the Wartsila 200 engine which was introduced at the end of 1994 by Wartsila Sacm Diesel. The engine is said to represent a new generation of continuous duty high-speed engines, combining the reliability and ease of maintenance of medium-speed engines with the compact size and weight-to-power ratio of high speed engines.

Viswanathan, V. EPRIJ., Jan.-Feb. 1995, 20, (1), 40-43.

Service-induced material toughness loss can increase the failure potential of turbine rotors and other critical thick-section power plant components. Because conventional test methods for measuring toughness require large samples of component material, they are impractical for inservice equip- ment. Therefore, indirect toughness estimation techniques are often used. These techniques can be extremely conservative, leading to the adoption of unnecessarily protective operational restrictions or the premature replace- ment of equipment. EPRI-funded scientists have devised a new, essentially nondestructive test technique with promise for the direct measurement of component material toughness. The approach, based on mechanical punch- and-die testing of miniature specimens, has accurately assessed the tough- ness of several utility turbine and generator rotors.

210 Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1995