Baseline Profile of Sections Alizai, Khar & x Pachagan …ppr.org.pk/PDF/UCBajaurAgencyReport070915MRIBJRHJS.pdfBaseline Profile of Sections Alizai, Khar & ... and Baseline Surveys

xBaseline Profile of Sections Alizai, Khar &

Pachagan of Bajaur Agency

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Empowerment Performance Result

Draft Baseline Profile of Selected Sections of Bajaur Agency

Table of Contents

List of Exhibits ........................................................................................................................................... 1

Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... 2

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Identification of Union Councils for Intervention .......................................................................... 4

1.2 Data Collection Tools for Baseline Information ........................................................................... 5

1.3 Household Survey Strategy ......................................................................................................... 6

1.4 Challenges Faced in the Field ..................................................................................................... 7

2.0 Findings of Household Survey ....................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Demography .............................................................................................................................. 10

2.2 Household Socioeconomic Characteristics ............................................................................... 14

2.3 Housing Characteristics............................................................................................................. 20

2.4 Household Wealth Status .......................................................................................................... 22

2.5 Social Assistance and Extent of Community Mobilization ......................................................... 25

2.6 Media Habits .............................................................................................................................. 27

3.0 Community Profile ......................................................................................................................... 31

3.1 Tribes ......................................................................................................................................... 31

3.2 Conflicts ..................................................................................................................................... 31

3.3 IDPs ........................................................................................................................................... 32

3.4 Child Vaccination ....................................................................................................................... 32

3.5 Environmental Analysis ............................................................................................................. 32

3.6 Law and Order ........................................................................................................................... 33

3.7 Gender ....................................................................................................................................... 33

3.8 Financial Institutions .................................................................................................................. 33

3.9 Community Problems and Priorities for Development .............................................................. 34

4.0 Community Intuitions .................................................................................................................... 37

4.1 Community Institutions for the People ....................................................................................... 37

4.2 Community Institutions of the People ........................................................................................ 38

4.3 Other Community Institutions Working at the Agency Level in Bajaur ...................................... 40

Annexures ................................................................................................................................................. 42

Annexure 1: Households Poverty Score Ranges Summary ............................................................ 43

Annexure 2: Tools Used in Data Collection ..................................................................................... 44

Annexure 2A: Poverty Score Card Survey Questionnaire .......................................... 44

Annexure 2B: Media Profile Questionnaire ................................................................. 50

Annexure 2C: Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire .............................................. 51

Annexure 2D: UC/ Section Profile Questionnaire ....................................................... 59

Annexure 2E: Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire ............................ 73

Annexure 2F: LSO/VO/CO Data Sheet ....................................................................... 78

Annexure 3: Field Team of Bajaur Agency ...................................................................................... 80


1

List of Exhibits

Exhibit – 1 Multi-dimensional Poverty Estimates

Exhibit – 2 Household Distribution According to Poverty Score Cut-Offs (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.1.1 Household and Population of Selected Sections

Exhibit – 2.1.2 Demographic Indicators

Exhibit – 2.1.2a Demographic Indicators by Household Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.1.3 CNIC Status – Percentage of Population 18 years and above

Exhibit – 2.1.4 Household Residential Status and Migration

Exhibit – 2.1.5 Reasons for Migration – Percentage of Migrated Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6 Disability of Household Member – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6a Disability of Household Member by Gender – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6b Disability of Children (Under 5) – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.7 Child Immunization – Less Than Five Years (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.2.1 Occupation – Percentage of Population 15-64 Years

Exhibit – 2.2.2 Occupation of Head of Household – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2a Occupation of Head of Household By Gender – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2b Occupation of Head of Household By Poverty Status – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2c Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Population by Completed Education Level

Exhibit – 2.2.3 Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage) (Population Who Ever Attended School)

Exhibit – 2.2.3a Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage) (Population Who Ever Attended School By Household Poverty Status)

Exhibit – 2.2.4 School Enrollments

Exhibit – 2.2.4a School Enrollments by Household Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.2.5 Reported Household Expenditure– Average Pakistan Rupees

Exhibit – 2.2.5a Reported Household Expenditure By Poverty Status – Average Pakistan Rupees

Exhibit – 2.2.6 Loans and Saving Habits – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.3.1 Housing Conditions - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.3.1a Housing Conditions by Poverty Status - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.4.1 Household Assets

Exhibit – 2.4.1a Household Assets by Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.5.1 Social Transfers (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.5.1a Social Transfers By Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.5.2 Type of Social Assistance - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.5.3 Households Who Benefited from Development Scheme – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.5.4 Households Who Reported Affiliation with Community Organization – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.5.5 Training of Household Member – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.6.1 Media Habits – Radio Listening

Exhibit – 2.6.2 Media Habits – Watching TV

Exhibit – 2.6.3 Media Habits – Reading the Newspaper

Exhibit – 2.6.4 Media Habits – Reading Magazines

Exhibit – 2.6.5 Media Habits – Computer, Internet and Mobile

Exhibit – 2.6.6 Media Habits – Household Perception Regarding Source of Information


2

Acronyms

BHU Basic Health Units

BISP Benazir Income Support Program

CNIC Computerized National Identity Card

COs Community Organizations

CRC Child Rights Committee

DFID Department for International Development

DGDC Directorate General for Development Cooperation

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas

FGDs Focus Group Discussions

FM Frequency Modulation

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

GoI Government of Italy

GPI Gender Parity Index

HUJRA Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action

IDA International Development Association

IDPs Internally Displaced Persons

KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

LSOs Local Support Organizations

NIDA-Pakistan National Integrated Development Association - Pakistan

NGOs Non-Governmental Organization

PDO Project Development Objectives

PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

PSC Poverty Score Card

RSP Rural Support Program

SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

SRSP Sarhad Rural Support Program

SPARC Society for the Protection of the Rights of Children

ToR Terms of Reference

ToT Training of the Trainers

UN United Nations

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VOs Village Organizations

WOs Women Organizations


3

Foreword Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has received financing from the International Development Association (IDA) for undertaking the consulting services titled “Situation Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan” in 14 targeted districts. The study has been awarded to AASA Consulting. The findings of this research will be utilized for a three year investment program in KP, FATA and Balochistan which would be financed by the Government of Italy (GoI) through the Directorate General for Development Cooperation (DGDC). The project is divided in two phases. The macro features of target districts were evaluated in Phase 1 and “District Situation Analysis” reports were submitted. In Phase-II, a baseline data of selected Union Councils has been gathered through quantitative and qualitative surveys. This report provides detailed information of the Sections regarding household demographics, poverty and wealth status, socioeconomic aspects, housing characteristics, media habits etc. This baseline survey information has been obtained through a Household Census using structured questionnaires and by conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with the communities. The last section on Community Institutions covers the social institutions at different tiers including Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Local Support Organizations (LSOs), Village Organizations (VOs) and Community Organizations (COs).


4

1.0 Introduction PPAF which is the leading institution for community-driven development in Pakistan has received financing from the IDA for undertaking the consultancy services titled as “Situation Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KP, FATA & Balochistan”. The findings of this contract research will be utilized for the three year investment programs “Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KP, FATA and Balochistan,” which will be financed by the GoI through the DGDC. The specific objective of the planned three year investment program intends to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life indicators for poor communities in the identified Sections, which includes:

Strengthened community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities

Effective creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups (especially women and more marginalized segments)

Increased access to economic productivity and markets through infrastructure development

Increased access of local populations to basic social services (health and education) The proposed investment program aims at contributing to poverty reduction in the 14 selected districts in KP, FATA and Balochistan. According to the Terms of Reference (ToR), these areas are suffering from poverty, as well as from ongoing conflicts and are considered to be the most vulnerable areas of the country. The target districts for the planned interventions are:

Province / Tribal Area District / Agency

FATA Bajaur Agency

KP Chitral Lower Dir

Swat Upper Dir

Balochistan

Awaran Lasbela Gwadar

Kech Panjgur Killa Abdullah

Pishin Killa Saifullah Zhob

1.1 Identification of Union Councils for Intervention The objective of the proposed intervention by PPAF is to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life for the people living in the identified or targeted Union Councils. According to the ToR of the project, three or two Section/UCs will be selected for the investment intervention in each target district. The ToR also narrates that the specific intention of the project is to strengthen the community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities and effective creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups. The criterion which has been considered in the selection of Sections for the intervention includes level of deprivation, existence of COs, extent of community mobilization, logistics and proximities and PPAF priority levels.


5

After a detailed discussion with PPAF and its Implementing Partners, based on the criteria identified three Sections of Bajaur Agency were selected for carrying out detailed survey at the Section level. Bajaur, an Agency of the FATA is situated in the north-west of Pakistan. The Agency is situated on the west of district Lower Dir and its western boundaries connect it with Pakistan‟s western neighbors i.e. Afghanistan. The sections proposed are situated in the center of the district and are in close proximity to each other as well as from the agency head quarter i.e. Khar itself. Khar is situated in the center of the other two sections. Khar‟s northern boundaries connect it with Alizai whereas; Pachagan is at the southern end.

Map – Bajaur Agency

Sources: Mapping Catalog Pakistan, USAID

1.2 Data Collection Tools for Baseline Information The main part of the consultancy assignment was to conduct detailed quantitative and qualitative surveys in the identified Sections for:

Ensuring availability of core quantitative and qualitative data on socio-economic indicators through which progress will be measured against Project Development Objectives (PDOs) and program impacts in the targeted Sections and villages.

Provide information that can be used later on as a baseline when a comparative analysis (control and treatment as well as differences in intervention combinations) will be undertaken so as to improve design and planning of future programs.

Selected Sections for Project Intervention

Agency Tehsil Sections

Bajaur Khar

Alizai

Khar

Pachagan


6

The quantitative data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to the head of the household in the identified sections, while for the qualitative assessment of the current status of the community; interviews with knowledgeable representatives of the Sections were carried out besides FGDs. The standard World Bank and Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) Poverty Score Card (PSC) questionnaire was administered in the household survey and thus, the assessment of the household poverty status is based on the components and standard formulae used in PSC survey for BISP. Some additional information was also gathered by adding questions, such as household income and expenditure, social assistance, polio vaccination and participation in COs in the household questionnaire. The perceptions of Section representatives regarding Impact of Conflict on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and Host Communities, Community Conflict Resolution, Assessment of the Local Economy and Livelihood Opportunities as well as perceptions regarding vaccination were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Three or four senior knowledgeable representatives of the Sections with diverse expertise were requested to share their ideas with respect to the aforementioned issues. From each selected Section one or two FGDs were administered to compile participants‟ views on:

Community mobilization

Impact of IDPs on the local economy and on the host community

Attitude and perceptions of the community on vaccination / polio

Needs analysis and categorization – priority areas of investment

Perception regarding interventions by NGOs

Environmental issues Further, community institutions in selected areas were also assessed through a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire which was administered to the relevant personnel of the community institutions.

1.3 Household Survey Strategy The salient features of the strategy followed in the household survey include:

Adequate numbers of the field staff (Field Supervisor and Enumerators) were hired with appropriate qualification and experience. It was ensured that all survey team members have valid Computerized National Identity Cards (CNICs). To the extent possible, female staff was hired due to the sensitivity of the survey.

The Training of the Trainers (ToT) was arranged by AASA Consulting in Quetta and Islamabad. During this training session, the Master Trainers (i.e. District Team Leaders) were given detailed training on how to train the field staff for the purpose of conducting the data collection survey throughout the province smoothly.


7

The Enumerators, Field Supervisors and Field Editors were given training, consisting of pre-trial survey training session and post-trial survey training session by the Master Trainers.

Detailed logistic plans and field procedures for agency were developed for management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including people that are involved in the process of gathering information.

For each selected Section, a detailed profile was created with areas marked in blocks for household census along with Section maps to assist field teams. The District Team Leaders along with Field Supervisors were responsible for this task. It was attempted to hire local Field Supervisors, to ensure that they are able to provide the most information on their respective Sections.

After negotiation with the community leaders and community mobilization, data collection was started in the designated Sections. Every effort was made to ensure that no household was excluded from the enumeration.

Interview with head of the household was preferred. However, in case of non-availability of the head, any adult (18 years and above) and knowledgeable household member was selected as a respondent.

After completing the interview, the household unit was marked by the interviewer with a serial number, date and team code for back checking and verification.

Monitoring teams and Agency Supervisor was responsible for checking the quality of the submitted forms and for appropriate action for any inconsistencies and irregularity.

Following tools were designed and shared with the PPAF team before finalizing and starting field surveys; Household PSC questionnaire, questionnaire for media habits, check lists for FGDs, Section profile questionnaires and Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire.

1.4 Challenges Faced in the Field Some of the key challenges faced by our field teams during the data collection phase are shared in this section. The survey was designed to achieve carpet coverage of the targeted Sections and efforts were made to cover scattered population of Bajaur. As in any field work there have been exceptions, refusals and household members not being available and so on. The following are some of the hurdles the field team faced: Post Military Operations: The military operation that was launched in the agency helped in eradicating insurgency from the agency but at the same time it shattered the confidence of the local residents. The people of Bajaur have not been able to come out of the post military operation fear and uncertainty. The field teams in the district had to face a lot of reluctance from the households in order to fill their questionnaire. Law Enforcement Agencies: The mobility of the field teams was hampered significantly due to strong vigilance of the security agencies in the area. After the military operation, the security agencies were stringently monitoring the activities related to social mobilization as they do not want the miscreants to infiltrate the district again. Closed Houses: There were some houses that were found locked by the field teams due to seasonal or permanent migration. The people of these houses had migrated to other places for different reasons (e.g. for employment, visiting relatives etc.) and had not returned to their homes during the time of the survey.


8

The field teams were instructed to visit the house at least three times before leaving the area to ensure maximum coverage. Non-Cooperation of Households / Non Participation: There were some households that denied participating in the field survey. These households were then visited by the field supervisor in a bid to convince them to give their household information. The field visit turned out to be fruitful in some cases however; those households that still denied participation were left during the survey. Possession of CNIC and its Reporting: Lastly, the lack of data on the CNIC numbers is again due to the shattered confidence of the people living in the targeted Sections. This mistrust has been created due to militant insurgencies in these areas as people do not trust the people who visit their households for the purpose of data collection and doubt their intentions. Another challenge faced in the field was possession of CNICs, many were missing because CNICs were taken by the land owners, lenders, shopkeepers and political leaders for their own vested interests.


9

2.0 Findings of Household Survey

Poverty Score Card in Pakistan The PSC for Pakistan adopted by BISP has been developed by the World Bank as a tool to measure change in poverty in an effective way and to support the management of development programs that focus on alleviating poverty. The PSC uses proxy means testing (PMT), which are based on proxies of income such as family characteristics, ownership of assets and housing features. The scorecard recommended by BISP uses 12 inexpensive-to-collect indicators which are highly related to poverty and changes in poverty. Statistically optimal weights, assigned to the indicators or components improve the predictive power of household poverty status. The relevant empirical literature suggests that PSC methodology is comparatively better for identifying underprivileged households as opposed to national surveys of household‟s income and expenditure. This is particularly true in a developing country such as Pakistan, where it is difficult to collect accurate income and expenditure data and to determine the value of household wealth. Thus, the inability to assess household‟s income or expenditure correctly makes the comparison invalid and inappropriate between poverty determined by the PSC and poverty estimated through the household income or expenditure data1. To determine household poverty status in the selected Sections, the exact methodology regarding components, weights and cut-off points, adopted by BISP for estimating household poverty status is applied. Moreover, in order to target particular groups for specific intervention, it is important to decide cut-off points for the analysis of poverty in terms of severity and vulnerability. This study uses PPAF recommended following cut-offs for the determination of household poverty status.

Poverty Score Household Poverty Status

0-11 Extremely Poor

12-18 Chronically Poor

19-23 Transitory Poor

24-100 Non-Poor

Findings This section summarizes main findings of the household census which was carried out in the selected Sections of the Agency. The description starts with the estimates of the household status in terms of multidimensional poverty as measured by the PSC methodology which is followed by the information regarding the nature of the household demography, the household socioeconomic and housing characteristics, household wealth status, social assistance, extent of community mobilization and household media habits. According to Exhibit 1, about 55, 32 and 28 percent of households in Alizai, Khar and

Pachagan sections respectively, are estimated poor following the BISP PSC methodology.

Accordingly, the poor population in these Sections is estimated at 65, 40 and 36 percent.

1 The major objective of the household survey for this study was to collect information regarding the components of

Poverty Score Card (PSC), while a simple one-line question was also asked about household monthly income and expenditure. However, the income and expenditure data provides a crude and rough picture of household economic status and not suitable for determining household poverty status or for comparison with the PSC results.


10

Exhibit – 1 Multi-dimensional Poverty Estimates

Section Percentage of Poor

Households [0-23 Poverty Score]

Poor Population

Percentage Numbers

Alizai 54.76 65.36 8291

Khar 32.00 40.47 5795

Pachagan 28.40 36.22 3921

Source: Household Survey

The distribution of household according to various cut-offs are furnished in Exhibit 2. The exhibit reveals that majority of households are either „Chronically Poor‟ or „Transitory Poor‟ according to the PPAF poverty cut-offs categories.


2.1 Demography The estimated population of each section is displayed in Exhibit 2.1.1, while the important demographic indicators of sections are furnished in Exhibit 2.1.2. The average family size is estimated around 5 in the selected sections of the Agency. The dependency ratio in Alizai and Khar sections is greater than 100 due to a lower share of labor force (15-64 years), while in the Pachagan section, the dependency ratio is estimated at 87 percent. The sex ratios are unexpectedly high and in favor of males in all sections. Thus, the phenomenon is doubtful and should be taken cautiously due to the culture of underreporting of women and girls in these areas. The proportion of less than five children varies from 17 to 20 percent in the selected sections.

Exhibit – 2.1.1 Household and Population of Selected Section

FATA Agency Tehsil Section Households Population

Total Male Female

Bajaur Khar

Alizai 2436 12685 7251 5434

Khar 2672 14320 8562 5758

Pachagan 2268 10826 6928 3898


9

25 21

45

3 11

17

68

3 11 14

72

0

20

40

60

80

Extremely Poor Chronically Poor Transitory Poor Non-Poor

Exhibit – 2 Household Distribution According to Poverty Score Cut-Offs

(In Percentage)

Alizai Khar Pachagan


11

Exhibit – 2.1.2 Demographic Indicators

Section Family Size [Average]

Sex Ratio [%]

Dependency Ratio [%]

Proportion of Children

[%]

Population 15-64 [%]

Alizai 5 133 119 20 46

Khar 5 149 116 18 47

Pachagan 5 178 87 17 54


An attempt is also made to disaggregate the demographic indicators according to the household poverty status. According to Exhibit 2.1.2a which displays this disaggregated information; poor households have relatively larger family sizes and a higher dependency ratio. This is not surprising because these indicators are used in estimating households‟ multidimensional poverty. However, a lower sex ratio in favor of males in poor households is observed.

Exhibit – 2.1.2a Demographic Indicators By Household Poverty Status

Section Family

Size [Average]

Sex Ratio [%]

Dependency Ratio [%]

Proportion of Children

[%]

Population 15-64 [%]

Alizai Non-Poor 4 143 76 18 58

Poor 6 129 152 20 40

Khar Non-Poor 5 152 95 19 52

Poor 7 145 156 16 39

Pachagan Non-Poor 4 180 74 17 58

Poor 6 173 117 17 46


The CNIC status of adult (18 years and above) household members is depicted in Exhibit 2.1.3. About 94 percent adult population confirmed having CNIC in the Alizai section, while 78 and 76 percent reported CNIC possession in Khar and Pachagan sections, respectively. The exhibit also reveals that about 3 to 14 percent of female and 3 to 10 percent of male household members do not possess a CNIC. No perceptible variations are observed in households with a different poverty status. The lack of CNIC registration can be attributed to the military operation that followed it, people have become reluctant in providing information regarding their CNICs. They are afraid that people with hidden agendas are covering these surveys to gather information that could be used to link them with people that are causing trouble in the area. Similarly, it is suspected that the percentage of people who reported not having a CNIC may be flawed because people in these Sections feel reluctant to provide information pertaining to their CNICs for the reasons stated above.


12

Exhibit – 2.1.3 CNIC Status – Percentage of Population 18 Years and Above

Section Have a CNIC CNIC Number Not Provided

Do Not Have a CNIC

Male Female

Alizai 93.79 0.50 3.30 2.91

Khar 78.32 1.21 7.76 13.92

Pachagan 76.08 1.77 10.33 13.59


Information regarding household residential status is collated in Exhibit 2.1.4. According to the exhibit, almost all (98 to 99 percent) households reported residing in the area for more than 15 years, while an insignificant (1 to 2) percentage of the population migrated during the last 15 years however, 2.2 percent households migrated in Khar section from other agencies in FATA because Bajaur is relatively better with terms of law and order.

Exhibit – 2.1.4 Household Residential Status and Migration

Section

Households Reported Residing in the Area for

more than 15 Years [%]

Households Migrated During Last 15 Years

[%]

Migrated From

KP [%]

FATA [%]

Alizai 99.6 0.4 0.1 0.3

Khar 97.8 2.2 0.9 1.3

Pachagan 99.3 0.7 0.5 0.2


During the survey, the reasons for migration were also probed which are assembled in Exhibit 2.1.5. Searching for jobs and education are the major reasons narrated by the migrant households. It is both, good and bad to see a high percentage of people travelling for educational reasons. It is sad to see the people of other Sections to be deprived of good quality educational institutes due to which people from other areas travel to Bajaur to attain higher education. At the same time, it is good to see the interest of the people towards education. The high percentage of people that have migrated to attain education clearly suggests that there is a dire need for educational institutes to be established in these areas so that people can avail good quality services within their own localities. As expected, the law and order situation was another major reason for migrations in the area. Insurgency of militants and incidents of terrorism are relatively higher in other agencies of FATA, which converted the environment of those sections to bad governance and, therefore, a lot of residents from those sections migrated to the targeted sections of this study.


13

Exhibit – 2.1.5 Reasons for Migration – Percentage of Migrated Households

Section Jobs Education Food

Security

Bad Governance and Law and

Order

Family Disputes

Relatives Migrated

National Disasters

Alizai 55.6 33.3 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0

Khar 39.0 29.3 2.4 14.6 7.3 7.3 4.9

Pachagan 50.0 33.3 0.0 16.7 0.0 16.7 0.0


According to Exhibit 2.1.6, about 1 percent of households reported the disability of household members in the selected sections. The exhibit also provides the type of disabilities. Major disabilities include leg problems, not being able to speak and abnormalities.

Exhibit – 2.1.6 Disability of Household Member– Percentage of Households

Section No Disability Type of Disabilities

Deaf Dumb Abnormal Blind Leg Hand

Alizai 99.01 0.05 0.24 0.14 0.17 0.35 0.05

Khar 99.16 0.04 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.28 0.17

Pachagan 99.43 0.01 0.16 0.12 0.03 0.17 0.09


Household member‟s disability, disaggregated by gender is furnished in Exhibit 2.1.6a, while the disability statistics of children of less than 5 years are produced in Exhibit 2.1.6b. In general, disabilities in the male population are relatively higher than the female population, while relatively less incidences of disability are reported in children of less than five age cohort. Moreover, no differences are noted in terms of disability across poor and non-poor households (not shown here).

Exhibit – 2.1.6a Disability of Household Member by Gender – Percentage of Households

Section No

Disability

Type of Disabilities

Deaf Dumb Abnormal Blind Legs Hands

Alizai Male 98.87 0.08 0.29 0.17 0.18 0.37 0.04

Female 99.19 0.0 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.33 0.06

Khar Male 99.00 0.07 0.14 0.18 0.11 0.35 0.16

Female 99.41 0.0 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.17 0.17

Pachagan Male 99.42 0.01 0.16 0.10 0.0 0.23 0.07

Female 99.44 0.0 0.15 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.13



14

Exhibit – 2.1.6b Disability of Children (Under 5) – Percentage of Households

Section No Disability Type of Disabilities

Deaf Dumb Abnormal Blind Legs Hands

Alizai 99.44 0.0 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.04

Khar 99.62 0.0 0.11 0.0 0.04 0.23 0.0

Pachagan 99.73 0.0 0.05 0.11 0.0 0.05 0.05


Barring the Khar section, almost universal immunization in terms of polio is reported in the selected sections. Exhibit 2.1.7 shows that although the percentage of households that are vaccinating their children against polio and other viruses. Khar Section as the percentage of households immunizing their children against polio and other viruses is relatively low.


2.2 Household Socioeconomic Characteristics To represent the household socioeconomic status, information regarding occupation, education, adult literacy and household expenditure is tabulated in this subsection. Occupation The occupational nature of the labor force (15-64 years population) and head of households is assembled in Exhibit 2.2.1 and 2.2.2, respectively. Both exhibits clearly reveal that the major occupation in the area is wage employment (mostly non-agriculture). Both exhibits also show the extent of unemployment. About 1-2 percent of head of households asserted that they are currently searching for jobs, while the percentage of unemployed persons in the age cohort 15-64 years is quite high in the area. About 19, 11 and 17 percent of household adult members are searching for jobs in Alizai, Khar and Pachagan sections, respectively.

99 97 99 100 97 99

20

40

60

80

100


Exhibit – 2.1.7 Child Immunization – Less Than Five Years

(In Percentage)

All Infants Get All Vaccines All Infants Get Polio Vaccines


15

Exhibit – 2.2.1 Occupation – Percentage of Population 15-64 Years

Section Government

Employee Private

Employee Self

Employed Agriculture

Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Alizai 2.63 0.36 1.91 2.85 73.55 18.70

Khar 4.54 7.11 7.07 2.23 67.67 11.38

Pachagan 2.38 1.74 4.23 1.17 73.38 17.11


Exhibit – 2.2.2 Occupation of Head of Household – Percentages

Section Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Alizai 2.69 0.45 2.38 4.48 88.30 1.70

Khar 4.28 8.15 7.98 2.86 75.98 0.75

Pachagan 2.29 1.67 5.29 1.57 87.62 1.57


The occupations reported by the head of household are further tabulated with respect to gender and household poverty status. Exhibits 2.2.2a and 2.2.2b furnish this information. It is not surprising that the incidence of female headship is very low and insignificant in these backward areas. The relevant exhibit clearly reveals that the majority of female heads reported working in the wage-employment sector.

In contrast, significant differences are observed in the choice of occupation across poor versus non-poor households. Generally, wage employment proportions are higher in poor households while the proportions of government and self-employment occupations are comparatively lower than non-poor households. Interestingly barring the Pachagan section, unemployment rates are relatively high in non-poor households.

Bajaur being a backward Agency runs with archaic beliefs, which is evident in Exhibit 2.2.2a. Female participation in all of the three Sections is very low. Moreover, the existing female participation is mainly concentrated in labor work on which they earn daily wages. Sadly, there is little or no participation of women in the private or government work places.

Exhibit – 2.2.2a Occupation of Head of Household By Gender – Percentages

Section Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Alizai Male 2.69 0.45 2.38 4.44 88.17 1.70

Female 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.13 0.0

Khar Male 4.23 8.15 7.89 2.78 75.23 0.71

Female 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.75 0.04

Pachagan Male 2.29 1.57 5.19 1.57 86.86 1.33

Female 0.0 0.10 0.10 0.0 0.76 0.24



16

Exhibit – 2.2.2b Occupation of Head of Household By Poverty Status – Percentages

Section Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for Jobs

Alizai

Non-Poor

3.27 0.82 3.37 6.54 83.44 2.56

Poor 2.23 0.16 1.60 2.87 92.10 1.04

Khar

Non-Poor

4.70 6.74 8.84 2.99 75.97 0.76

Poor 3.30 11.35 6.03 2.59 76.01 0.72

Pachagan

Non-Poor

2.48 1.75 6.18 1.48 86.64 1.48

Poor 1.80 1.47 3.11 1.80 90.02 1.80


Exhibit 2.2.2c presents the breakout of people who are currently looking for a job based in their Section and age group. As expected, majority of people who are currently looking for a job are uneducated. This is one of the most severe problems of the targeted Sections where the illiteracy rate is very high. Unemployment amongst the literate is low Alizai & Pachagan wheras in Khar educated unemployment is high (24%).

Exhibit – 2.2.2c Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Population by Completed Education Level

Section Age Illiterate

Primary Or

Below Primary

Above Primary But

Below Matric

Intermediate Above

Intermediate

Alizai

15-25 Years 64.64 12.55 17.78 2.3 2.72

26-49 Years 54.29 5.71 34.29 0.0 5.71

50-64 Years 83.33 0.0 16.67 0.0 0.0

Khar

15-25 Years 53.78 8.44 13.78 4.44 19.56

26-49 Years 81.82 1.52 7.58 0.0 9.09

50-64 Years 93.33 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.67

Pachagan

15-25 Years 60.29 13 21.3 4.33 1.08

26-49 Years 69.53 5.47 13.28 6.25 5.47

50-64 Years 68.75 18.75 6.25 4.17 2.08

Education & Adult Literacy The direct literacy (reading or writing in any language) question was not asked in the survey however, the educational status of each member is recorded. Therefore, the literacy variable is defined here as those who ever attended school as literate persons. Exhibit 2.2.3 reports the literacy status in the targeted sections. Around 20, 29 and 33 percent of the literacy rate is estimated in Alizai, Khar and Pachagan sections, respectively. As expected, female literacy is significantly lower as compared to male literacy rates. Female literacy rates in the selected sections are observed in the range of 7 to 11 percent in contrast to male literacy rates of 31 to


17

51 percent. The significantly low literacy rate among girls is primarily due to the antiquated beliefs and tribal culture and secondly, girls‟ schools were destroyed by the militants during their insurgency in the area, which caused significant damage to the existing educational apparatus.


As the level of education is a constituent of the PSC and used in the estimation of household poverty status, significant differences in adult literacy rates are expected in poor versus non-poor households. However, according to Exhibit 2.2.3a which reports literacy rates disaggregated by household poverty status, no clear trend is observed across the selected sections. For instance, the literacy rates in poor households of the Alizai section are lower than non-poor households, while this phenomenon does not exist in other sections.

Exhibit – 2.2.3a Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage)

(Population Who Ever Attended School By Household Poverty Status)


Exhibit 2.2.4 disseminates the status of school enrollment in the 5-14 age cohorts, while Exhibit 2.2.4a provides this information disaggregated by household poverty status. Overall, more than 75 percent of children in the age cohorts 5-14 years in the Khar and Pachagan sections are enrolled in schools, while in the Alizai section enrollment rate is comparatively lower (67 percent). Girls enrollments are quite low (10 to 15 percent) as compared to boys. Again, as this information is used in the estimation of household poverty status, differences in children enrollment are expected. The child enrollment rates are about 7 to 11 percent lower in poor households of Alizai and Pachagan sections as compared with the non-poor households. In

20 31

7

29

42

11

33

51

7

0

20

40

60

Overall Male Female

Percentage of Population Who Ever Attended School

Exhibit – 2.2.3 Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage)

(Population Who Ever Attended School)


22 33

7 19

29

6 0

20

40

60

80

Overall Male Female

Alizai

Non-Poor Poor

26

40

8

33 45

17

0

20

40

60

80

Overall Male Female

Khar

Non-Poor Poor

33

51

6

34

50

8

0

20

40

60

80

Overall Male Female

Pachagan

Non-Poor Poor


18

contrast, school enrolment rates are higher for both boys and girls in poor households of the Khar section. A summary measure known as the Gender Parity Index (GPI) is commonly used to assess gender differences. It is the value of an indicator for girls divided by that for boys. A value of less than one indicates differences in favor of boys whereas, a value near one indicates that parity has been more or less achieved. Exhibit 2.2.4 and Exhibit 2.2.4a also documents the prevalence in gender disparities in school enrolment for children in the primary and secondary age groups. The coefficient of GPI is around 0.4 to 0.6, while the GPI magnitude for secondary age cohort ranges from 0.2 to 0.4. Thus, the GPI magnitude clearly indicates severe gender disparity in the elected sections. However, different results are estimated for GPI disaggregated by household poverty status. In general, gender disparity is low in poor households.

Exhibit – 2.2.4 School Enrollments

Section

Percentage of 5-14 Years Population Who are Currently Enrolled

Gender Parity Index

Overall Boys Girls 5-9 Years 10-14 Years

Alizai 66.8 71.9 59.0 0.64 0.44

Khar 79.7 83.3 73.4 0.60 0.42

Pachagan 76.5 80.5 65.6 0.36 0.24


It is interesting to see that in Khar, a higher percentage of children (both boys and girls) are currently enrolled in educational institutes among the poor households than the non-poor households.

Exhibit – 2.2.4a School Enrollments by Household Poverty Status

Section

Percentage of 5-14 Years Population Who are Currently Enrolled

Gender Parity Index

Overall Boys Girls 5-9 Years 10-14 Years

Alizai Non-Poor 71.9 75.5 64.6 0.54 0.30

Poor 65.1 70.5 57.5 0.68 0.50

Khar Non-Poor 77.5 81.4 69.7 0.51 0.36

Poor 82.0 85.4 76.7 0.70 0.47

Pachagan Non-Poor 81.4 85.1 68.8 0.29 0.19

Poor 70.4 74.1 62.7 0.48 0.33



19

Household Expenditure Although, the major objective of the household survey was to collect information regarding the components of the PSC, a simple one-line question was also asked about the household‟s monthly income and expenditures. Thus, Exhibit 2.2.5 which reports average expenditure portrays a crude and rough picture of a households‟ economic status. On the average, per capita monthly expenditures are estimated in the range of Pakistan Rupees. 1900-2400. However, it is noted that significant differences exist in poor and non-poor households in terms of per capita expenditures (Exhibit 2.2.5a).


Exhibit – 2.2.5a Reported Household Expenditure By Poverty Status– Average Pakistan Rupees

Section Monthly Expenditure

Total Per Capita

Alizai Non-Poor 10542 2887

Poor 11528 1920

Khar Non-Poor 9450 2214

Poor 7700 1185

Pachagan Non-Poor 8859 2244

Poor 8951 1528


11083

8889 8885

2357 1884 2040

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000


Exhibit – 2.2.5 Reported Household Expenditure– Average Pakistan Rupees

Monthly Expenditure Total Monthly Expenditure Per Capita


20

Household loans and saving habits are recorded in Exhibit 2.2.6. The exhibit clearly reveals almost no incidence of obtaining loans from NGOs or any microfinance institutions. However, occasional forced savings and regular savings are reported by households of the Alizai and Khar sections.

Exhibit – 2.2.6 Loans and Saving Habits – Percentage of Households

Section Loans Obtained Savings Reported

Did Not Obtain Loans Reported Occasionally Regularly

Alizai 100.0 0.0 11.8 11.6

Khar 99.9 0.1 15.6 9.2

Pachagan 100.0 0.0 1.9 1.4


2.3 Housing Characteristics Various features of house structure, housing services and housing conditions in the targeted sections are put together in Exhibit 2.3.1, while the pertinent disaggregated information according to household poverty status are furnished in Exhibit 2.3.1a. Ownership of households varies from 66 percent (Khar section) to 94 percent (Alizai section). Majority of households reported living in combined housing units in the selected sections of the Agency. No noticeable differences are observed across household poverty status in terms of house ownership and sharing condition of housing units. The high percentage of house ownerships and separate houses may have been triggered by the Pakhtun tradition in which it is necessary for the groom to have his own house before his wedding. The structure of almost all households in the selected sections is either „Kacha‟ or „Kacha-Pucca‟. The „Pucca‟ house structure is observed in only 2 to 5 percent of households. As expected, proportions of „Kacha‟ house structure in poor households are relatively higher than the non-poor households. About 88, 28 and 78 percent of households in Alizai, Khar and Pachagan sections respectively do not have toilet in their houses. However, about 24 and 46 percent of households in the Khar section confirmed the presence of the flush and box system toilets, respectively. In terms of poverty status, about 91, 23 and 87 percent of poor households do not have a toilet in their houses in Alizai, Khar and Pachagan sections, respectively. Although a lot of work has been done in recent years to ensure the presence of adequate toilet facilities in other areas but it seems that immediate focus of the government, donors and social institutions is required to ameliorate the existing status of toilets in the targeted sections. Wells are a major source of drinking water in the selected sections, while the government connection is reported by about 2 to 8 percent of households. About 17 percent of households of the Pachagan section also reported the use of river/pond for fetching water. The sources of water are however, slightly different in terms of percentages in poor households.


21

Exhibit – 2.3.1 Housing Conditions - Percentage of Households

Section


Number of Households 2436 2672 2268

Ownership of Housing Unit 93.5 66.0 71.9

Number of Rooms Average 2 3 2

Sharing Condition of Housing Unit

Separate House 17.8 29.2 29.6

Combined House 79.7 42.1 47.9

Others 2.5 28.6 22.5

Condition of Housing Unit

Pucca 1.5 4.5 1.9

Kacha 93.8 58.0 91.8

Kacha-Pucca 4.1 36.4 5.8

Others 0.6 1.2 0.5

Condition of Toilets

Flush System Toilet 3.2 23.8 12.0

Box System Toilet 8.8 46.9 9.9

No Toilet in House 87.7 28.4 77.8

Others 0.2 1.0 0.4

Sources of Water

Government Connection 8.0 7.9 1.8

Well 84.8 70.5 77.9

River/Pond etc. 1.4 1.6 16.8

Hand Pump 1.1 1.6 0.8

Connection Outside House 3.7 8.2 1.7

Motor Pump 0.8 11.7 1.2

Karez 0.3 0.1 0.0

Others 0.1 0.1 0.0


Wells are one of the major sources of water in the targeted Sections in both, the poor and non-poor households. Very few people have government connections and one of the reasons for this is that there are a lot alternate sources at the disposal of people in these sections which are mentioned below in the table. Moreover, government connections will require them to pay service charges, which are avoided by the use of alternate sources.


22

Exhibit – 2.3.1a Housing Conditions By Poverty Status - Percentage of Households

Section


Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Number of Households 1102 1334 1817 855 1624 644

Ownership of Housing Unit 92.9 94.0 67.7 62.2 72.7 69.9

Number of Rooms Average 2 1 3 2 2 2

Sharing Condition of Housing Unit

Separate House 16.2 19.0 31.9 23.5 32.1 23.3

Combined House 81.1 78.5 39.1 48.7 48.8 45.5

Others 2.6 2.5 29.0 27.8 19.0 31.2

Condition of Housing Unit

Pucca 2.6 0.6 5.4 2.6 2.4 0.6

Kacha 91.6 95.7 58.2 57.5 90.6 94.9

Kacha-Pucca 5.1 3.2 35.1 39.2 6.7 3.6

Others 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.9

Condition of Toilets

Flash System Toilet 4.9 1.9 26.8 17.3 14.5 5.6

Box System Toilet 11.3 6.7 41.1 59.1 10.8 7.6

No Toilet in House 83.5 91.2 31.0 22.8 74.3 86.5

Others 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.3

Sources of Water

Government Connection 7.5 8.5 8.6 6.5 1.9 1.4

Wells 85.4 84.3 70.6 70.5 76.7 80.9

Rivers/Ponds etc. 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 17.7 14.6

Hand Pump 1.5 0.8 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.3

Connection Outside House

3.2 4.0 9.0 6.3 1.5 2.3

Motor Pump 1.4 0.3 10.0 15.3 1.5 0.5

Karez 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Others 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0


2.4 Household Wealth Status Household wealth in the selected sections is represented through the ownership of household‟s durable assets, agriculture land and livestock. Exhibit 2.4.1 furnishes the extent of ownership of these assets, while Exhibit 2.4.1a furnishes disaggregated information according to the household poverty status.


23

Exhibit 2.4.1 clearly reveals that very few households reported the ownership of durable assets. Barring the Khar section where about 18 percent of households reported possession of Television (TV), Heaters and washing machines, an insignificant number of households in the other two sections reported the ownership of assets. Household disaggregation with respect to poverty status further confirms the lower incidence of asset ownership in poor households.

About 27, 12 and 17 percent of households in the Alizai, Khar and Pachagan sections, respectively reported the ownership of agricultural land with an average acreage of 5.33, 0.92 and 1.66 acres. As expected, the ownership of agricultural land in poor households is significantly lower as compared to non-poor households.

There is a very high reliance of households on livestock. Among the livestock, cows, goats and hens are the major categories which are reported by households in the selected sections. About 31 to 37 percent of households reported the ownership of cows in the selected sections of Bajaur. Differences however, are observed across households with different poverty status.

Exhibit – 2.4.1 Household Assets

Section


Number of Households 2436 2672 2268

Durable Assets Ownership [Percentage of Households]

Refrigerator 2.2 6.3 1.3

Cooking Range 0.3 1.6 0.4

Geyser 0.9 6.0 5.1

Freezer 0.2 3.3 0.2

Television 3.4 17.7 2.2

Motor Bike 0.1 1.3 0.1

Microwave 0.2 0.5 0.1

Heater 3.9 18.5 2.4

Cooking Stove 16.0 4.9 18.0

Car 0.9 0.9 0.4

AC 0.4 1.0 0.2

Tractor 0.2 0.8 0.2

Washing Machine 8.9 16.9 3.5

Air Cooler 2.1 2.4 0.2

Percentage of Households That Own Agricultural Land 27.4 12.5 17.4

Average Acres of Land Owned 5.33 0.92 1.66

Livestock Ownership Reported [Percentage of Households]

Bull 0.5 1.0 0.5

Buffalos 0.5 3.0 1.5

Sheep 22.6 9.5 7.8

Cows 36.9 31.0 30.9

Goats 47.7 30.9 43.8

Hens 63.4 38.7 57.3



24

Exhibit – 2.4.1a Household Assets By Poverty Status

Section


Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Number of Households 1102 1334 1817 855 1624 644

Durable Assets Ownership [Percentage of Households]

Refrigerator 3.9 0.8 8.2 2.2 1.5 0.6

Cooking Range 0.4 0.2 2.3 0.1 .5 0.2

Geyser 1.7 0.2 8.4 0.9 6.7 0.9

Freezer 0.3 0.2 4.4 1.1 0.3 0.0

Television 5.9 1.3 22.3 7.7 2.8 0.6

Motor Bike 0.3 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0

Microwave 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0

Heater 8.3 0.3 26.1 2.3 3.2 0.3

Cooking Stove 23.0 10.2 7.2 0.1 22.4 7.0

Car 2.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.6 0.0

AC 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.0

Tractor 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Washing Machine 15.6 3.4 23.3 3.3 4.2 1.6

Air Cooler 4.5 0.1 3.5 0.2 0.2 0.0

Percentage of Households That Own Agricultural Land

34.2 21.8 17.0 3.2 21.3 7.6

Average Acres of Land Owned 4.88 5.91 0.93 0.87 1.50 2.83

Livestock Ownership Reported [Percentage of Households]

Bulls 0.6 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.5

Buffalos 0.6 0.4 3.7 1.3 1.9 0.5

Sheep 25.7 20.1 11.1 6.3 8.2 6.7

Cows 39.6 34.8 34.8 22.7 33.9 23.4

Goats 50.3 45.7 35.0 22.2 46.2 37.7

Hens 65.6 61.6 45.0 25.4 61.1 47.8



25

2.5 Social Assistance and Extent of Community Mobilization During the household survey, incidence of social transfers, types of social assistance and household members‟ affiliation with the CO were probed. This section summarizes the main findings. According to Exhibit 2.5.1, about 2 to 27 percent of households are receiving social assistance in the selected sections. Most of these households reported the BISP financial assistance, while very few confirmed of having the benefits of health support and employment programs of BISP (Exhibit 2.5.2). Less than one percent of households are getting Zakat or Ushr from private sources in the selected sections. Positively, incidence of social assistance is quite high (27 percent) in the Alizai section where estimated poverty is the highest as compared to the other two sections. Barring the Alizai section, percentages of non-poor households who are getting BISP financial assistance are higher than poor households (Exhibit 2.5.1a). The phenomenon reflects inefficient targeting within the sections. Exhibit 2.5.1 also reveals that about 2 percent of households are getting benefits from various PPAF programs in the Khar and Pachagan sections.

Exhibit – 2.5.1a Social Transfers By Poverty Status

Section Households Receiving

Social Assistance Households who Benefitted

from PPAF Programs

Alizai Non-Poor 10.9 0.1

Poor 16.2 0.1

Khar Non-Poor 6.6 1.6

Poor 2.2 0.1

Pachagan Non-Poor 1.7 1.3

Poor 0.6 0.7

27

9

2 0.2

2 2

0

10

20

30


Exhibit – 2.5.1 Social Transfers (In Percentage)

Received Social Assistance Benefitted from PPAF Programs


26

Exhibit – 2.5.2 Type of Social Assistance - Percentage of Households

Section BISP Support Programs Zakat

/Ushr Financial Health Employment Education

Alizai 26.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4

Khar 6.4 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.9

Pachagan 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

A general question regarding the various development schemes in the area was also included in the household questionnaire. Exhibit 2.5.3 furnishes the percentage of households who confirmed the benefits from specific development schemes. The majority of household in the Alizai section denied having benefits from any development schemes in the selected sections however; the construction of paved roads in the Khar and Pachagan sections are somewhat visible.

Exhibit – 2.5.3 Households Who Benefited from Development Scheme – Percentages

Section Water Supply

Paved Roads

Paved Streets

Sewerage Systems

Bridges No

Schemes

Alizai 6.4 4.7 0.5 0.0 0.9 87.0

Khar 9.7 24.4 7.6 0.5 0.4 20.4

Pachagan 2.2 37.3 0.7 0.0 0.1 56.8


Very few households reported the membership of COs in the selected sections (Exhibit 2.5.4), especially in the Pachagan section. However, about 1 to 5 percent of households confirmed the participation of members (both male and female) in the community management training (Exhibit 2.5.5). Participation in technical or professional training programs is also reported by an insignificant number of households.

Exhibit – 2.5.4 Households That Reported Affiliation with Community Organization - Percentages

Section Male As Female As

Member Manager President Member Manager President

Alizai 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

Khar 0.41 0.30 0.15 0.37 0.22 0.11

Pachagan 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.0


Exhibit – 2.5.5 Training of Household Member – Percentage of Households

Section

Members Acquired Community Management Training

Members Acquired Professional /Technical

Training Male Female

Alizai 2.87 3.28 0.0

Khar 4.98 2.54 0.37

Pachagan 0.62 0.57 0.13



27

2.6 Media Habits A separate module regarding the media habits of the population was administered to the selected households in the targeted sections. Routines and practices regarding listening to the radio, watching TV, reading newspapers and magazines and using the computer, internet and mobile phones were asked. This information is summarized in Exhibits 2.6.1 through 2.6.4. Almost all households listen to the radio for 4-5 hours daily during evening and night, preferably. Favorite channels in the selected sections include FM 88, Voice of America, FM 92, FM Aman and Shalimar (Exhibit 2.6.1).

Exhibit – 2.6.1 Media Habits – Listening to the Radio

Section


Percentage of Households That Listen to the Radio 100.00 95.97 100.00

Radio Channels *

FM 88 88.22 86.29 28.81

Voice of America 0.0 0.0 42.37

FM Rokhan 0.0 0.0 22.03

FM Aman 0.0 0.0 20.34

FM 92 0.0 0.0 8.47

FM 92 0.0 0.0 8.47

Shalimar 11.78 8.06 0.0

FM 104 0.0 0.0 10.17

Monthly Frequency of Listening to the Radio 30 30 30

Average Daily Hours – Listening to the Radio 4 4 5

Listening Time

Night 76.47 8.87 83.05

Evening 3.92 66.13 11.86

Morning 3.92 4.03 5.08

Afternoon 15.69 16.13 0.0

* Multiple Response Variables

Exhibit 2.6.2 reveals information regarding watching TV in the selected sections. About 94 and 86 percent of households watch TV daily for almost 2-4 hours in the evening and night in the Khar and Pachagan sections. This percentage of viewership is not directly correlated to ownership of televisions. Generally in rural areas, the community watches television at hotels, restaurants and market areas. The favorite TV channels are GEO, Pakistan Television (PTV), AVT-Khyber, BBC and Express.


28

Exhibit – 2.6.2 Media Habits – Watching TV

Section


Percentage of Household Who Watch TV 98.04 94.35 86.44

TV Channels *

GEO 19.61 25.81 54.24

PTV 76.47 73.39 3.39

ARY 5.88 12.90 0.0

Sports 0.0 0.0 0.0

AVT-Khyber 70.59 52.42 0.0

Khyber News 52.94 0.81 23.73

BBC 0.0 58.06 0.0

Express 43.14 38.71 0.0

Samaa 13.73 6.45

PTV Home 0.0 0.0 6.78

NHK 0.0 3.23 0.0

Monthly Frequency of Watching TV 30 30 30

Average Daily Hours – Watching TV 3 4 2

Time for Watching TV

Night 41.18 42.74 69.49

Evening 21.57 25.81 8.47

Morning 11.76 9.68 8.47

Afternoon 23.53 16.13 0.0

* Multiple Response Variables.


29

Newspapers are mostly read in Urdu and most popular newspaper in Urdu is Mashriq, followed by Aaj and Express (Exhibit 2.6.3). Moreover, magazine reading habits is observed noticeably (75 percent) in the Pachagan section (Exhibit 2.6.4).

Exhibit – 2.6.3 Media Habits – Reading the Newspaper

Section


Percentage of Household That Read Newspapers

15.06 20.13 28.09

Language* Urdu 90.0 95.16 90.00

Khora 0.0 0.81 0.0

Newspaper *

Mashriq 58.82 45.16 64.41

Aaj 31.37 37.10 16.95

Express 7.84 12.10 33.90

Jinnah 0.0 0.0 6.78

* Multiple Response Variables

Exhibit – 2.6.4 Media Habits – Reading Magazines

Section


Percentage of Household That Read Magazines

10.23 15.42 19.58

Language* Urdu 23.53 26.61 74.58

Pushto 1.96 0.81 0.0

Magazines*

Mashriq 0.0 0.0 27.12

Koh Mor 11.76 16.94 47.46

Akhbar-e-Jehan 0.0 0.0 3.39

Khel 21.57 23.39 0.0

Sachi Kahanian 17.65 20.16 0.0

Roomanvi 0.0 1.61 10.17

AJ 0.0 0.0 0.0

New Magazine 7.84 3.23 0.0

* Multiple Response Variables According to Exhibit 2.6.5, about 97 and 75 percent of households use computers in Khar and Pachagan sections respectively, while the corresponding percentages for using the internet are 95 and 66 percent. The incidence of using mobile phones is almost universal; more than 96 percent of households reported the use of mobile phones. Similarly, more than 95 percent of mobile phone users engage in conversations through text messaging.


30

Exhibit – 2.6.5 Media Habits – Computer, Internet and Mobile

Section


Percentage of Households That Use Computers 92.16 96.77 74.58

Percentage of Households That Use the Internet 92.16 95.16 66.10

Average Daily Hours - Internet 2 2 2

Percentage of Households That Use Mobile Phones 98.04 95.16 100.00

Percentage of Household That Use Mobile for Text Messaging 100.0 100.00 96.61

Exhibit 2.6.6 reports household perceptions regarding the most reliable source of information. Information from the radio is perceived as the most reliable source of information in the selected sections of the Agency. However, a popular source of getting information is community meetings and community theaters.

Exhibit – 2.6.6 Media Habits – Households Perception Regarding Sources of Information

Section


Reliable Sources:

Radio 100.0 99.19 83.05

Newspapers 0.0 0.81 6.78

TV 0.0 0.0 6.78

Friends 0.0 0.0 3.39

Popular Sources:

Community Meeting 90.20 93.55 16.95

Musical Theater 1.96 1.61 0.0

Community Theater 7.84 4.84 83.05


31

3.0 Community Profile Most of the work force in these three sections are employed in the agricultural sector and are farmers. The other chunk of the work force is either employed as daily wagers or as employees in public institutions. Some are involved in the trade of native goods, especially, agricultural produce. A few of them have their own small businesses and then there are those who have migrated from other sections to find work due to the bad the law and order situation which negatively impacted the economic environment of the area. On the social front, terrorism disturbed the economic activities of the area which ultimately led to poor business and unemployment. Those who were already suffering from insurgency were put into further distress due to lack of earning opportunities. Not only had the people living in the area felt the brunt of this continuous unrest but also those who migrated from other areas of the country to earn their livelihood. Employers are skeptical of hiring them due to their affiliation with an area that they find treacherous. Terrorism, which resulted in the loss of employment to many, was the major reason of discomfort in the lives of people living in these sections. The buoyant people of these sections used a wide range of methods to sustain themselves through tough times. To increase their financial resources some of them sold their livestock, land and other assets. Others started working as daily wagers and some land owners also started working elsewhere. A portion of people migrated to other areas, while some relied on the aid they received from social institutions working in the area. Nonetheless, people believe that in the wake of this negative environment there are some positive steps that have been taken to hone the overall running of the area. This notion came out to be the strongest in Alizai where people reported that some infrastructural work has been done in order to increase the connectivity of their section to other areas. Apart from building road networks, some other developmental initiatives were also taken.

3.1 Tribes The major tribes residing in each of these sections are mentioned in the table below.

Section Tribes Most Influential Tribes

Alizai Ali Khan Khel, Ibrahim Khel, Mahabat Khel, Mandar Khel, Miangaan, Swadgaan and Tarkhani

Mandar Khel, Ali Khan Khel and Mahabat Khel

Khar Ibrahim Khel, Miangaan, Molaan, Swadgaan, Tarkhani and Utman Khel

Tarkhani, Ibrahim Khel and Swadgaan

Pachagan Miangaan, Tarkhani and Utman Khel Tarkhani, Utman Khel and Miangaan

3.2 Conflicts Due to the tribal nature of these areas, conflicts in these sections have always been a cause of worry, especially because of the absence of legal courts. Unfortunately, all of these Sections are embedded in conflicts and cannot seem to get away from them. Pakistani laws have failed to penetrate in FATA. Conflict infiltrates every aspect of this particular locality, whether it is political conflict or personal conflict. Poverty and injustice gives birth to all conflicts in these sections. Wealth and other assets such as property are the main causes of disputes. Inheritance is a major issue in these sections, where women almost never get their due share. Unnecessary use of power like interference in employment of public institutions also offends people. Children instigate conflicts as well where a fight between children becomes a feud between families. Some fights occur on business dealings where the buyer or seller is not happy with what he/she wanted. Some issues arise due to the poor state of women rights in these Sections whereas; some conflicts arise due to domestic issues of women.


32

The proposed Sections are situated in one of the most archaic districts of Pakistan where primitive traditions and norms hold immense value. The legal system of Pakistan is non-existent in the FATA region. The most preferred way for solving disputes in the target sections is via the jirga system. The jirga system is deemed preferable by most people in poor areas as it provides quick and low cost justice. Respectful elders of the locality are part of the local jirga. For disputes such as deciphering the rightful owner of a particular asset, the matter is taken into a jirga. The doors of the formal justice system are only knocked on when either the plaintiff or the defendant is not satisfied with the decision of jirga. Although, the main way for solving disputes in these sections is through jirga system, some conflicts are resolved by the political administration working in the area.

3.3 IDPs

A lot of areas, due to extensive migration of people from other localities, due to natural calamities and military operations, have been facing severe problems pertaining to resources and security. However, none of the three proposed sections reported the presence of IDPs in their locality.

3.4 Child Vaccination

Concerns regarding vaccinating children against polio or immunizing them against other diseases in Alizai and Pachagan are minimal. According to the primary data collected, 99 percent of the children are both vaccinated and immunized properly against Polio and other deadly viruses in these two sections. However, in Khar attitudes towards vaccinations are negative. There are many reasons people are against vaccinations and immunization against diseases, one of the major reasons is due to individual‟s religious belief. Another significant reason is the false rumors that have been created regarding the side effects of polio drops and vaccinations. People are often misinformed about health products and think they are bad for children when in fact, the opposite is true.

3.5 Environmental Analysis

Unlike most areas of Pakistan, the targeted sections have fortunately not faced the brunt of the environmental plights. Nonetheless, it is imperative to mention that Khar faced a flood many years ago during the monsoon season and the risk of it happening again still exists. The boundaries of the two rivers that flow in this section are almost non-existent. Nearby farm lands have the most to lose as every year after heavy rains, their land gets flooded by water and destroys all crops. However, luckily damages at the macro level have not occurred in the last few years.

Although, some infrastructural work was done in early 2000s in the area of water and sanitation in these sections, unfortunately however, it did not continue and the problem persists. Moreover, it has become more severe because a lot of people have built pipes that connect their washrooms with the open drainage lines. Human waste stays in these open lines which pollutes the nearby environment. The problem is exacerbated due to excessive rains which causes the lines to overflow and the stagnant water pours out on to the streets. In any case, with or without excessive rains, these open drainage lines have become a breeding ground for mosquitos and other flies which affect the health and hygiene of the local residents. Thus, developing an underground water and sanitation system is one of the direst needs of each of the proposed section.

A negligible amount of the area in Khar and Pachagan are covered in forests that are present in the mountainous terrain. Alizai, on the other hand, is covered with forest area that spreads over almost 40 percent of the section. It is one of the main sources of livelihood of the local residents and therefore, great care is taken of these areas. The local forestry department and community, both, ensure that they keep planting trees so that the forest area does not decrease over time.


33

Disposal of garbage is so far functioning in an organized manner in Khar. Each neighborhood has designated a place where they dispose of litter and other rubbish from where workers of Local Municipal Corporation every week pick up the garbage. However, the locals complained that they have been tipped off that the funds for this activity is finishing and that the system may not continue into the next fiscal year.

3.6 Law and Order

Crimes are a common phenomenon in these sections. Theft, robbery, murder, extortion of money, illegal seizure of wealth and assets, abduction and rape are the major crimes that cause lawlessness in these areas. Although, the aforementioned crimes are of grave importance, the major issue pertaining to the law and order situation in the area was the presence of miscreants who were holding the growth of the area hostage. In this regard, people believe some progress has been made after the military operations. Their presence and networks have been uprooted which has served as a sigh of relief to the ongoing woes of the local residents.

3.7 Gender

Women face the most testing environment in these sections. Although, marginalized in most part of the countries, the status of women remains at a despicable low in the FATA region and in these sections. Literacy among women and investments in girls‟ schools and colleges remains extremely low putting their futures at risk. Only 6 percent of women in Alizai and Pachagan affirmed that they had attended school whereas, the percentage of women who had attended school in Khar was 11 percent. Health of women is another pertinent issue that requires immediate action in order to improve the state of health facilities in these sections. Most of the child births in these areas are not attended by skilled professionals. The few who receive pre-natal and post-natal health services are hardly met with well-trained and qualified staff.

The societal pressures, backward traditions and culture, all play a part in keeping them aloof from the public sphere. As discussed above, educating women is a seriously difficult task. The militants have caused serious damage to girls‟ education in these sections. They have destroyed a lot of schools, especially girls‟ schools.

Mobility of women stands as a major hurdle in these sections, as it continues to stall gender equality and women‟s empowerment. Apart from facing difficulties in going to schools and colleges, they are not even allowed to visit police stations, jirgas. Pakhtun culture, Islamic impositions and backward traditions predominantly play their part in it. Local norms and beliefs state that there is a predefined role for women in this world which they have to follow. Almost, the entirety of their role is defined as the caretaker of the household activities such as taking care of children and cooking.

3.8 Financial Institutions The following financial institutions are present in the targeted Sections of the district.

Alizai Banks and other financial institutions are not present in this section due to the law and order situation

Khar National Bank of Pakistan (NBP), Habib Bank Limited, United Bank Limited, Allied Bank Limited and Zarai Taraqiati Bank

Pachagan Banks and other financial institutions are not present in this Section due to the law and order situation


34

3.9 Community Problems and Priorities for Development A number of community issues enfold the socio-economic environment of Alizai, Khar, and Pachagan. Based on the FGDs conducted in these Sections, the community identified a number of problems prevalent and areas which require immediate attention. 3.9.1 A Snap Shot of Community Issues and

Development Needs The issues that the communities are facing and its possible solutions at each Section were obtained from the FGDs and are mentioned in the table below.

Section Community Issues Community Needs

Alizai

Men: Lack of education, health issues and unemployment.

Women: Violation of basic women‟s rights, poverty and lack of education and educational institutes.

Boys: Lack of peace, education, health and opportunities to participate in sporting activities.

Girls: Absence of peace, restrictions, lack of education and dowry (inability to pay dowry affects women.)

Measures to decrease terrorism in the area are required to promote peace.

Rebuilding houses and revamping the military operation torn areas.

Educational institutes to increase outreach of education.

Health institutes to combat health issues, especially those pertaining to maternal health.

Khar

Men: Absence of peace, lack of education, health, unemployment, unstable environment for business

Women: Health, nutrition and lack of education, poor state of women‟s rights and absence of maternal health care.

Boys: Conflicts, unemployment, lack of good quality educational institutes and opportunities to participate in sporting activities.

Girls: Absence of peace, poor implementation of legal rights of women and Lack of education. Also, lack of or inability to pay dowry affects women.

Eradication of terrorism to promote peace.

Employment opportunities to eradicate poverty.

Developmental work to improve the infrastructural issues.

Establishment of schools and health units, especially maternal health care.

Pachagan

Men: Conflicts, absence of peace and lack of education

Women: Poor state of women rights, lack of education, health and poverty.

Boys: Lack of education and good quality educational institutes, unemployment and absence of playgrounds.

Girls: Lack of education and schools for girls, restrictions and poor state of rights of girls. Also, lack of or inability to pay dowry affects women.

Measures shall be taken to alleviate poverty such as skills training should be provided to both men and women to create employment opportunities and furnish small scale businesses.

Measure to eradicate terrorism and bring stability to promote economic activities.

Initiatives to build more schools, Basic Health Units (BHUs) and hospitals (especially maternal health care).


35

3.9.2 Details of Community Issues and Development Needs Barriers to Education: The lack of access to education has a domino effect on everything else. Lack of access means that there are schools present within the area and children are unable to reach there due to familial barriers or security barriers. Many parents will only send their daughters to an all-girls school as they deem it to be safer and in line with their religious beliefs. The current enrollment rate is extremely low, especially among girls due to this reason. However, it could also mean that there aren‟t any schools present at all within the area. Overall, the insufficient access to education causes poverty and unemployment. Since individuals do not hold a degree, they are not qualified for jobs and are then forced to take on menial, labor jobs that pay very little. Thus, the poverty cycle is once again set in motion. Dearth of Medical Facilities and Supplies: One communal issue is a shortage of medical supplies and facilities. There are no hospitals, clinics or even dispensaries within the locality and the ones that are present, are either not functional or lack qualified staff. People are unable to seek medical attention for any illnesses they may contract. Due to a lack of hospitals, BHUs, THQs and clinics, many children are not vaccinated and therefore, more susceptible to various illnesses and viruses. Gender Inequality: Women, particularly, face a constant violation of their basic rights. Women are unable to defend themselves against abusive husbands and families; the police force is of no help as they take no real action against the accused. Women are oppressed by the supremely patriarchal culture that they are surrounded with. They are unable to get education, unable to work and unable to occupy any space in the public sphere. They are confined to the four walls of their house and taking care of their families. The inability to pay dowry is an issue that plagues only women and young girls. A woman is deemed unworthy of marrying if she is unable to provide a dowry, this archaic tradition has no religious root instead it is a practice that has become a part of the tradition, which significantly hurts the overall well-being of women. Unfortunately, traditional practices like these promote the appalling mindset where the birth of a boy is celebrated whereas, on the other hand the birth of a girl is deemed as a burden. Women receive no support in any facet of their lives within these communities; they are burdened with taking care of everyone. Disruptions Due to Political Instability: Political instability is also another issue that the communities living in the Bajaur Agency have to deal with. Like many parts of the country, warring political parties and ineffective governance take a toll on the people. Law enforcing agencies are absent or of little use in this regard. Social institutions are nowhere to be seen or have been long abandoned for security reasons. Due to an unstable security situation, children are unable to leave their houses for any recreational activities such as playing sports. Social institutions and services that could provide security to people have been long abandoned as well. Community Needs: Developing Infrastructure: The sections of Bajaur have several community needs that must be fulfilled for the prosperity of this locality. Infrastructural development seems to be high on the list. Construction of primary schools was placed as a dire need of the area by the people of the communities. There is also a particular need for building girl‟s schools and colleges. Teacher trainings are required in order to improve the quality of the primary education especially in the fields of teaching reading (Urdu and English), mathematics and social sciences. Construction of hospitals, clinics and dispensaries is required. The existing ones require amelioration whereas; new ones are also required to meet the increased demand due to an increase in population. People of the area believe that the staff present in these facilities require trainings as well.


36

Extracurricular activities should be arranged for the children of Pachagan. Also, playgrounds should be established for them. In the midst of limited mobility and opportunities, it will serve to be a huge service to the children of the area. Awareness Campaigns: Awareness raising campaigns are also a requirement that need to be met, particularly for women‟s rights and against terrorism. However, the best way to tackle these will be through education and socialization of individuals. These can be included in the curriculum being taught in schools so that they are being internalized by individuals from a young age. Presence of Technical and Vocational Training Centers: The presence of technical and vocational training centers is also a community need in Khar and Pachagan that was voiced. The people of the community believe that attaining skills will help them in getting work and improve their financial standing. Aside from the construction of the centers, there is also a need for capable and qualified trainers who can teach these skills effectively and efficiently. Provision of Transportation for Girls: Young girls and women, require safer modes of transportation to increase their mobility. This can be done by initiating a transport service for women only. School vans should also be launched in areas where schools are not present to provide safer transportation to the children. This is a particular need for Khar and Pachagan Sections. Investment of Financial Institutions: People also requested an increased outreach of microfinance in Khar Agency. With the help of financial institutes providing loans and assets, it can help people start their own business and get out of the poverty trap.


37

4.0 Community Intuitions During the survey it was observed that the community institutions present at the grass root level are either following a three tier structure or a two tier structure. Since PPAF was the architect of LSOs hence, in Sections where PPAF has interventions, a three tier structure is present. This structure involves LSOs, COs and VOs working under the Development Institute/ Partner Organizations (POs). However, in other areas two tier structure is found in which LSOs are not present and development institute are directly dealing with the VOs and COs.

4.1 Community Institutions for the People Due to the extremely sensitive law and order situation, the social sector in Bajaur is mainly run from Khar. The political agent compound in Khar is responsible for nurturing the NGOs that are working in the various sections of Bajaur. Thus, due to the poor law and order situation, none of the NGOs have their physical presence in the other two sections. The offices of the NGOs that are working in Pachagan and Alizai are present in Khar from where they operate in the 2 Sections. The following is a list of the most prominent institutions working in these three sections:

SRSP

NIDA-Pakistan

CRC Major details of the community institutions present in the PPRS selected sections are mentioned below:

Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP) The foundation of SRSP was laid back in 1989. It was set up as non-profit organization to cater to the needs of KP (then Sarhad) and FATA. It is an intermediary organization which connects the donors with the communities working at the grass root level. SRSP follows the Rural Support Program (RSP) approach to improve the livelihoods of the people. Over the years SRSP has been funded by the government, international NGOs and donor agencies. Some of the notable donors include PPAF, Department for International Development (DFID), NOVIB, CIDA, RWSSP, ESRA and the United Nations (UN) agencies. The major service sectors of SRSP are institutional development, livelihoods and development of linkages, within which programs initiated by SRSP include social mobilization and local governance, community enabling infrastructure, humanitarian programs, financial services, human resource development and vocational trainings, gender development and value chain and enterprise development. Two major projects of SRSP in Bajaur have been the rural livelihood program.

NIDA-Pakistan National Integrated Development Association Pakistan (NIDA-Pakistan) is a NGO that works for the poor and vulnerable communities all over Pakistan including FATA. The organization has been working in Bajaur since 2012. It has 2 offices in the district and around 30 social workers. It has formed around 35 VOs and 27 Women Organizations (WOs) and has supported more than 10,000 people. NIDA-Pakistan works for men, women and handicapped people at all levels from the grass root to the district level. It has experience in education, health, poverty, women rights, human rights, rural development, environment, disaster risk management and peace and culture sectors. As per the requirement of the project, NIDA-Pakistan has worked via both ways i.e. social mobilization of communities and direct interventions. Its projects have been funded by some of the most well reputed organizations active in Pakistan which include United States Agency for International Development (USAID), UN Agencies, Plan International,


38

Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe Pakistan (DKH), Malteser International and Common Wealth Foundation.

CRC Child Rights Committee (CRC) has been working since 2002 in Bajaur Agency but it was previously working under the umbrella of Society for the Protection of the Rights of Children (SPARC). It got registered under the Social Welfare Department in 2014 as a not for profit organization. It has 2 offices, 5 paid workers and 20 social workers with which it performs its activities. Since 2002, CRC has benefited more than 10 thousand people and has formed 50 VOs and 2 WOs. The organization works for poor women, men and handicapped people. Over the years it has worked in child rights, education, health, poverty, women rights, microfinance rural development and environment sectors. The major funding that the organization received came from SPARC and Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP). It has done its work by both social mobilization of communities and direct interventions.

4.2 Community Institutions of the People Unlike the VOs who have around 7-8 years of experience, the COs in each of the proposed Section in Bajaur have been recently formed and, therefore, have no prior experience in the social sector. Furthermore, it is imperative to mention that in Bajaur a two tier structure is being followed so far. Although some information retained from the members of the existing community institutions revealed that the process of forming the LSO is underway but so far it is not present in either of the targeted Section. Some of the important details of the community institutions in each Section are mentioned below. Most of the VOs in the proposed Section were formed around 10 years ago, However, their major participation came across during two time periods; One, when FATA Special Support Program (FSSP) was launched and, two, during Rural Livelihood and Community Infrastructure Program (RLCIP) was being implemented. Subsequent work on the former and the latter was initiated during 2007 and 2012, respectively. Once both programs ended, the VOs in the proposed sections became inactive. Recently SRSP has shown interest in working in these areas and for this purpose VOs have become active yet again. Community institutions in Bajaur are present in the form of COs and VOs. The LSO is not present at the moment but the information gathered from the area suggests that the process of forming it is underway. Thus, it seems that by the end of the August or early September, a proper three tier structure will be present under which the LSO, VOs and COs will be working together under development institutes. 4.2.1 Alizai VOs

# Name of VO COs WOs VO Formed In VO Formed By Sectors

1 Mashal 3 1 2008 SRSP

Child Rights, Skills

Development, Education, Health & Surveys

2 Shah Wali 2 1 2003 SRSP

3 Haider 5 2 2006 SRSP

4 Jamal 4 1 2002 SRSP

5 Zeeshan 5 3 2008 SRSP


39

COs

# Name of CO Formed In Formed By Members

1 Nawab Zada Korona June, 2015 SRSP 20

2 Iqbql Khan Mohallah June, 2015 SRSP 25

3 Gul Zada Korona June, 2015 SRSP 30

4 Azam Khan Korona June, 2015 SRSP 23

5 Mujeeb ullah Korona June, 2015 SRSP 20

6 M. Jan Khan Mohalla June, 2015 SRSP 22

7 M. Zameen Korona June, 2015 SRSP 24

8 M. Younis Korona June, 2015 SRSP 20

9 Shahzada Korona June, 2015 SRSP 23

10 Jamal u Din Korona June, 2015 SRSP 20

4.2.2 Khar VOs


1 Khair Abab 4 1 2003 SRSP WASH,

Disaster, health,

Education & Survey &

Assessments

2 Sadiqabad 5 4 2007 SRSP

3 Serai Lashora 4 2 2003 SRSP

4 Dak Qilla 5 2 2006 SRSP

5 Camp Shah 7 4 2008 SRSP

COs


1 Molla Said Mohalla Welfare Organization May, 2015 SRSP 20

2 Hajiabad Committee May, 2015 SRSP 22

3 Sadiq Akbar May, 2015 SRSP 24

4 Al-Khair Committee Kamargai May, 2015 SRSP 20

5 Serai Committee May, 2015 SRSP 20

6 Lashora Committee May, 2015 SRSP 23

7 Tauheedabad Committee May, 2015 SRSP 26

8 Nawai Korona May, 2015 SRSP 25

9 Yousaf Mohalla May, 2015 SRSP 20

10 Salfyano Mohalla May, 2015 SRSP 20


40

4.2.3 Pachagan VOs


1 Jamshed 4 1 2007 SRSP

Child Rights, Skills

Development, Education, Health & Surveys

2 Sahib Jan 5 4 2005 SRSP

3 Shahi Mulk 7 5 2006 SRSP

4 Dost Ali Khan 8 6 2003 SRSP

5 Loibaba 5 2 2002 SRSP

COs


1 Shah Jan Cham May, 2015 SRSP 20

2 Loibaba Wahidabad May, 2015 SRSP 25

3 Salam Pacha Korona May, 2015 SRSP 30

4 Gharibabad May, 2015 SRSP 23

5 Jahandar Pacha Korona May, 2015 SRSP 20

6 Ado Teera May, 2015 SRSP 20

7 Mian Umar Dag May, 2015 SRSP 25

8 Lal Qala Teera May, 2015 SRSP 24

9 Bara Teera May, 2015 SRSP 26

10 Teera Pajigram May, 2015 SRSP 20

4.3 Other Community Institutions Working at the Agency Level in Bajaur HUJRA Holistic Understanding for Justified Research and Action (HUJRA) was established and registered in 1997. HUJRA is a Swat based non-profit organization that works in the fields of advocacy, capacity building, and issue based networking in whole of KP. Its key thematic areas include education, health and nutrition, livelihood, disaster risk management, WASH and research. Although, HUJRA has ample experience in all fields but it has done the most work in food security and the livelihood sector. Over its years of experience, HUJRA has successfully completed 45 projects that were funded by a whole array of donor agencies, which include UN Agencies, USAID, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Maltesar International, World Food Program (WFP), WWF Pakistan, DFID and the Japanese Embassy.


41

Hayat Foundation Established in 1995 Hayat foundation is a non-profit organization that is operational in Sindh, Punjab, KP and FATA. The main focus areas of the foundation are emergency response, child protection, health, water, environment, sanitation, education, livelihood and research and development. Hayat Foundation has previously worked in Bajaur on a project named “Welcome to School Initiative and Building a Protective Environment for Conflict Affected Children in Bajaur Agency FATA”


42

Annexures


43

Annexure 1: Households Poverty Score Ranges Summary

District/ Agency

Tehsil Union

Council/ Sections

HHs with Score Range Summary HHs with Score Range Summary in

Percentage (%)

Total % Poor Non Poor Total

HH

Poor Non Poor

0-11 12-18 19-23 Total 24-100 0-11 12-18 19-23 Total 24-100

Bajaur Agency

Khar

Alizai 231 598 505 1,334 1,102 2,436 9 25 21 55 45 100

Khar 92 300 463 855 1,817 2,672 3 11 17 32 68 100

Pachagan 69 249 326 644 1,624 2,268 3 11 14 28 72 100

Chitral Drosh

Drodh 2 58 196 242 496 3,432 3,928 1 5 6 13 87 100

Drosh 1 11 71 152 234 2,582 2,816 0 3 5 8 92 100

Chitral Ayun 77 188 220 485 1,595 2,080 4 9 11 23 77 100

Upper Dir

Barawal Barawal Bandi 379 523 343 1,245 880 2,125 18 25 16 59 41 100

Upper Dir Chukiatan 787 873 415 2,075 754 2,829 28 31 15 73 27 100

Bibiour 627 886 517 2,030 1,095 3,125 20 28 17 65 35 100

Lower Dir

Manda Khazana 360 913 628 1,901 1,796 3,697 10 25 17 51 49 100

Balambat Balambat 156 514 531 1,201 1,937 3,138 5 16 17 38 62 100

Koto 114 407 398 919 1,981 2,900 4 14 14 32 68 100

Swat Kabal

Koz Abakhel Kabal

157 633 759 1,549 2,143 3,692 4 17 21 42 58 100

Hazara 109 417 494 1,020 1,809 2,829 4 15 17 36 64 100

Bara Abakhel Kabal

88 525 675 1,288 2,486 3,774 2 14 18 34 66 100

3,315 7,293 6,668 17,276 27,033 44,309


44

Annexure 2: Tools Used in Data Collection Annexure 2A: Poverty Score Card Survey Questionnaire


45


46


47


48


49


50

Annexure 2B: Media Profile Questionnaire


51

Annexure 2C: Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire


52


53


54


55


56


57


58


59

Annexure 2D: UC/ Section Profile Questionnaire


60


61


62


63


64


65


66


67


68


69


70


71


72


73

Annexure 2E: Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire


74


75


76


77


78

Annexure 2F: LSO/VO/CO Data Sheet


79


80

Annexure 3: Field Team of Bajaur Agency

# Name of Staff # Name of Staff

1 Imdadullah 22 Abidullah

2 Misal Afandi 23 Basho Khan

3 Dost Muuhammad 24 Jafar iqbal

4 Qadirullah 25 Pacha Gul

5 Zakir-ullah 26 Riaz

6 Tanzil ur Rehman 27 Rahmat ullah

7 Mohammad Khan 28 Mohammadiafan

8 Lohal Amin 29 Fazli Akber

9 M.Shoaib 30 Abdur Rauf

10 Jamshid 31 M. Irsahad

11 Rahidullah 32 Noor Islam

12 Tahir Khan 33 Rafiullah

13 Hayat Rapnanl 34 Sardar Hussain

14 Ihsanullah 35 Khalid Khan

15 M.Riaz Khan 36 M.Ishaq

16 Waheed Gul 37 Jahangir

17 Hameedullah 38 Fazal Hayan

18 Hazrat Umar 39 Tahoor Badshah

19 Namodullah 40 Fazal ullah

20 Dawood Khan 41 Ziauddin

21 Abdul Jaber 42 M.Tahir

Documents

Baseline Profile of Sections Alizai, Khar & x Pachagan …ppr.org.pk/PDF/UCBajaurAgencyReport070915MRIBJRHJS.pdfBaseline Profile of Sections Alizai, Khar & ... and Baseline Surveys