Bai Giang Scada

8/13/2019 Bai Giang Scada

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Supervisory Control & DataAcquisition (SCADA)

GV: TS. Ng Thanh Quyn


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I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM KHOA CONG NGHE IEN

Xem oan Vedio Sau

Quan st vedio ng cdiesel lai chn vt tu thy nhsau:

Cac ban than men, hay quan sat cac ky s ang lam g?


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Boi Canh 1

Cac ban than men, hay quan sat cac ky s ang lam g?

Khi ng v dng ng cdiesel lai chn vt my tu

thy

Kim tra cc thng s ca ng cdiesel

Nhit nc lm mt, du bi trn, kh x

Tc ng diesel

p sut du bi trn

Xl khi cc thng s vtngai ngng cho php

Tuy nhin cc k s hat ngtrong mi trng khc nghit

Hat ng khng tin cy


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Cng ngh t ng ha ngay tnhng nm u tin, th vic

gii quyt vn trn c gii quyt nhsau:

Bng iu Khin TXa

Boi Canh 1


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Ngy nay vi spht trin ca vi mch iu khin cng ngh

iu khin v hin th ngy cng pht trin vt bc.

Bng iu Khin T Xa

c ci thin ng k

Ci thin ci g?

Boi Canh 1


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Ti sao ngi ta phi lm nhvy?u im vnhc im

g?

u imH thng nh gn

Gim ch ph v gi thnh v cng lp t h thng

Hn ch ri ro cho ngi vn hnh

Tng mc t ng ha dn n an tan cho thit b

Nhc imi hi v mt k thut cho ngi vn hnh v bo tr vthit k h thng

Boi Canh 1


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S

cu

trc

ca

tan

b h

thng

trn

nh

sau:

ON/OFFContactor

OutputSensor

Main Switchboard Field Station Field Station Starter

Log Printer

Alarm Printer

Gateway Station (option)

Extension VDU (Option)

LCD Operator StationLCD Operator StationLCD Operator StationLCD Operator Station

Extension Alarm Panel



DC24V DC24V

DC24VDC24V

DC24V DC24V DC24V DC24V

Field Network

Information Network

Network Hub

Communication Port

Pulse/Clock Sig

Digital Output

Digital Output(Option)

Boi Canh 1


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Trung quc l mt trong nhng quc gia co tuyt ph ng

dy, dn n ng dy sp , ngt in, gy thit hi trong

qu trnh sn xut.

Tuyt ng bng Sp Ngt in

Boi Canh 2


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Manual Online De-Icing Artificial auxiliary de-icing High-current hot melt de-icing

C rt nhiu phng php gii quyt vn trn: Ty tuyt

bng tay, ngn mch ng dy truyn ti

u im: Tiu th nng lng thp

Nhc im: Nguy him v hiuqu thp

u im: Hiu qu cao, ty tuyt

lin tcNhc im: Tiu th nnglng ln, vn n nh hthng v k thut.

Boi Canh 2


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i ph vi vn , cn phi thit k mt thit b c khnng gii quyt vn trn. ch l robot ty tuyt.

Tuy nhin do sphc tp ca mi trng v vy vic iu khin

qu trnh t ng cc thit b l mt vn cn cn phi cgii quyt.

1

2 4

3

Boi Canh 2


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M s cnh tay robot ty tuyt c xut

Boi Canh 2


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Gii php iu khin cnh tay robot ty tuyt c xut

Boi Canh 2


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i vi h thng lnh nh th vic v sinh h thng rt ngian, nhng i vi h thng ln th vic gii quyt rt khkhn.

Boi Canh 3


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Cng nhn Thit b cm tay My mc

C rt nhiu phng php gii quyt vn trn: Ty tuyt

bng tay, ngn mch ng dy truyn ti

Boi Canh 3


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gii quyt vn trn, M scnh tay robot t ng thc hinc xut.

Boi Canh 3


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Gii php iu khin cnh tay robot ty tuyt c xut

IDC

IDC

IDC

Boi Canh 3


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Ket Luan

T ccvn

trnchng tac tmtt chungcho cch thngtrn nhsau:

I/Oi tngiu khin

Biu khin

iu khinGim st

Thu thp d liu


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Ket Luan

V thu thp dliutxa

(And Data Acquicision)

oi Tngieu Khien

Gim St txa(Supervisory)

iu khin txa(Control)

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisision SCADA

Co The


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Xem oan Vedio Sau


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Sau khi hon tt hc phn sinh vin c kh nng

Cc khi nim, tnh nng v cc thnh phn cbn trongh thng SCADA

Phng php truyn thng gia cc thit b trng v

phn tch thit k h thng iu khin gim st v thuthp dliu cho h thng

Mc Tiu Mn HcI


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Gio trnh chnh

1. Gio trnh Scada, Khoa in,H Cng Nghip TP.HCM

Ti liu tham kho1. T ng ha qu trnh sn xut, nh xut bn khoa hc v

k thut.

2. David Bailey Beng, Bailey Associates, Perth, PracticalSCADA for Industry, Ustralia, 2003.3. Pocket Guide on Industrial automation, Srinivas Medida.

Ti Liu Tham KhoII


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Cc mn hc tin quyt:

PLC, Thy lc kh nn, Vi iu khin, T ng ha qu trnh

cng ngh ..

nh gi:

Chuyn cn

Bi tp

Tiu lun nhm (5 SV/Nhm)

Kim tra thi cui k (T lun)

Yu CuIII


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Tieu Luan 1

SCADA CHO N GIAO THNG

CONTROL PANEL

Auto Hand

CT1 CT1 CT1

Thit k h thng SCADA cho n giao thng vi chc nng

sau:


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Chc nng

C kh nng chy ch t ng, na m v bng tay

Hin th thi gian ca cc n

C kh nng nhp cc thng s v thi gian ca cc n

T xut hng mi cho n giao thng

Tieu Luan 2


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Tieu Luan 2

Thit k h thng SCADA cho h thng trn sn phm vi chc

nng sau:

ng C 1 ng C 2

Van A

Kt A

ng C 3

Kt C

Van B

Kt A

ng C 4


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Chc nng

C kh nng chy ch t ng v bng tay

Hin th thi gian ca ng cv valve

C kh nng nhp cc thng s v thi gian cho ccng cv valve

T xut hng mi cho nng cp h thng trn

Tieu Luan 2


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Tieu Luan 3

Thit k h thng SCADA cho h thng t ng kim tra cho

ng cdiesel my pht vi cc thng s sau:

- Nhit nc lm mt cao

- Nhit du bi trn cao

- Nhit kh x cao

- p sut nc lm mt thp

- p sut du bi trn thp

-


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Chc nng

T ng bo ng khi thng s vt ngoi ngng cho

php (chung ku n nhp nhy), khi chp nhn s sthn ngng nhp nhy, v khi thng s trv trngthi ban u thn tt.

C kh nng nhp ngng bo ng cc thng s vkim tra n cn tt hay xu.

C kh nng t ng bo v my pht khi cc thng svt ngng bo ng sau mt thi gian khng x l.


Tieu Luan 3


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Tieu Luan 4

Thit k h thng SCADA cho h thng t ng x l nc:


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Chc nng


Hin th thi gian ca ng cv valve

C kh nng nhp cc thng s v thi gian cho ccng cv valve


Tieu Luan 4


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Tieu Luan 5

Thit k h thng SCADA cho h thng phn lai sn phm tng:


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Chc nng


Hin th trng lng ca sn phm

C kh nng nhp trng lng ca sn phm cn phnlai


Tieu Luan 5


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Tieu Luan 6

Thit k h thng SCADA cho h thng nhsau:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OGKZbDwYqc

Thng s kt nhsau:

Hnh tr trn xoay, bn kinh=50mm, chiu cao 100mm

Hin th s lt nc cha trong kt

Hin th c tnh thay i s lit trong kt



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Tieu Luan 7

Thit k h thng SCADA cho h thng cp nc cho nh caotng


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Chng 1: Cii Thiu V SCADA

1.1 Gii Thiu

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) l Hthng gim st iu khin v thu thp d liu da trn nn tngmy tnh c pht trin hn 40nm.

Hn na, SCADA chuyn t c quyn sang tiuchun ha v phn cng v phn mm.

T m hnh n l, iu hnh phn tn

Sau n kin trc mng truyn thng nhanh, linh ng,chnh xc v khang cch xa,

GimChiPh

VnHnh

BoTr

NngCpH

Thng


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1.2 Lch spht trin SCADA

H thng SCADA c pht trin t u thp nin 1960. S

ra i ca th h my tnh nh (minicomputer)Tin trnh ca Programmable Logic Controlers (PLC) cng dinra song song

Lc u, h thng iu khin ch hn ch tng thit b c th



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Lc u, h thng iu khin ch hn ch tng thit b c th



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V d mnh ha


Central Monitoring Station

Comunication

Network

Instrumentation

Remote Station

C 1 Cii i SCA A


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1.3nh Ngha H Thng SCADA

Di y l2 nh ngha tiu biu ca mt h thng SCADA:


SCADA l cng ngh m n cho php ngi s dng thu thp dliu t mt hoc nhiu hn hai h thng t xa v/hoc gi giihn lnh iu khin n cc h thng ny.

SCADA is the technology that enables a user to collect datafrom one or more distant facilities and/or send limited control

instructions to those facilities.

SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionTc gi Stuart A. Boyer, ISA The Instrumentation, Systems, andAutomation Society; 3rd edition.

Ch 1 Cii Thi V SCADA


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1.3nh Ngha H Thng SCADA

Di y l2 nh ngha tiu biu ca mt h thng SCADA:


Mt h thng hot ng vi tn hiu c m ho qua ccknh truyn thng nhm cung cp s iu khin thit b lnv u cui t xa (RTU-Remote Terminal Unit)

A system operating with coded signals over communication

channels so as to provide control of RTU (Remote Terminal Unit)

equipment.

Tiu chun: IEEE C37.1-1994, Definition, Specification, andAnalysis of Systems


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Ch 1 Cii Thi V SCADA


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1.4 Tnh nng ca h thng SCADA

1.4.4iu khin bo ng (Alarm Handling)

Bo ng c da trn kim tra gii hn v trng thi vcthc hin trn cc my server.

1.4.5 Ghi skin vlu tr(Logging/Archiving)

S kin c th c ghi theo mt tn s t trc, hoc khi

to khi c s thay i, hoc mt s kin c ch nh trcxy ra.

1.4.6 Xut bo co (Report Generation)

Bo co c th xut di dng truy vn SQL cho lu tr file,bng ghi s kin dng text, file s kin dng html, Bo coc th c xut, in vlu tr t ng.



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1.4 Tnh nng ca h thng SCADA

1.4.7 T ng ha (Automation)

Tnh nng quan trng nht ca SCADA l cho php cc hnhng c kch hot t ng bi cc s kin. Mt ngn ngscriptc cung cp bi cc h thng SCADA cho php cchnh ng c nh ngha trc. V d nh hin mt ca s

c th, gi mt E-mail, chy mt ng dng hoc on m hocghi vo csd liu.



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1.5 ng dng ca h thng SCADA

ng dng trong lnh vc x l nc thi



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ng dng trong lnh vc phn phi gas



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ng dng trong lnh vc du kh



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ng dng trong h thng iu khin chiu sng



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ng dng trong h thng iu khin in nng

Ht Chng 1


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Ht Chng 1


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Chng 2: Cu Trc H Thng SCADA


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2.1 Phn Cng (Hardware)Mt mng SCADA v bn cht l s kt hp ca cc my ch,my t v cc thit b trng c kt ni bi mng truyn

thng.Thng tin s dng bi cc my ch c thu thp bi cc biu khin/cm bin. Cc my tl cc giao tip c s dng

bi ngi vn hnh tng tc vi h thng.Cc my ch thng thng c t nh my chnh/trmchnh. Chng truyn thng vi cc b iu khin cc b hoccc v tr xa


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g g

2.1 Phn Cng (Hardware)

Cu trc

ca mth thngSCADAln cng

tng tnhngc nhiuhn cc

kt ni



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g g

2.1 Phn Cng (V d minh ha)

Cu hnh v botr

o lulng

T P

Ccuthc hin

Cc i tngiu khin

Realtime

DB

SCADA

TrmSCADA

TrmVB, C++

Applications

Web

Server

Modules of factory

resource management Relation DB

T ngha iu

khin

Qun lkinh doanh

Gim st

Qun l cc thit btrng

Qunlcc

qutrnh

o nhit o psut

IN/Out lin tcIN/Out S

Mc III

Mc II

Mc I



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Cu trcca mt

h thngSCADAln datrn GSM

(H thngthng tindi ngtan cu)GlobalSystem forMobileCommunications



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Cu trcca mt

h thngSCADAln datrn GSM

(H thngthng tindi ngtan cu)GlobalSystem forMobileCommunications



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Cu trcca mth thngSCADAln da

trn VTinh



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T h thng trn cho ta thycu trc ca mt h thngSCADA thng thng baogm 5 thnh phn sau:

1. Ngi vn hnh

2. Mn hnh HMI dng cho vicvn hnh h thng SCADA

4. Mng truyn thng

3.n v u cui trung tm (MTU)

5.n v u cui t xa (RTU)

HMI (Human Machine Interface)Giao tip ngi vn hnh

Trm iu khin trung tm MTU

(Master Terminal Unit)

Mi trng truyn thng gia MTU v RTU: Internet. V tuyn, mng in thai cngcng.

Mi trng truyn thng n v t xa

n v thu thp d liu v iu khin RTU(Remote Terminal Unit)

Cc n v d liu trng: valve, bm, ng c,cm bin ...

Ngi vn hnh

1

2

3

4

4

5



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2.1.1 Ngi vn hnh

Ngi vn hnh l ngi gim st h thng SCADA v thchin cc chc nng gim st iu khin cho s hot ng cacc thit b, nh my t xa.

2.1.2 Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Biu th d liu cho ngi vn hnh v cho php nhp lnhiu khin qua nhiu dng: Hnh nh, s, ca s, menu, mnhnh cm ng,

HMI c th l mn hnh GOT(Graphic Operation Terminal)ca Mitsubishi, mn hnh NT ca Omron, hoc mt PC chyphn mm SoftGOT ca Mitsubishi,



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2.1.2 Human Machine Interface (HMI)

HMI c th l mn hnh GOT(Graphic Operation Terminal)

ca Mitsubishi, mn hnh NT ca Omron, hoc mt PC chyphn mm SoftGOT ca Mitsubishi,



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2.1.3n v u cui txa (RTU-Remote Terminal Unit)

RTU l mt n v thu thp d liu viu khin ng c lp,thng thng da trn vi x l.

RTU gim st viu khin mt v tr t xa.

Nhim v chnh ca RTU liu khin v thu thp d liu tcc thit b tin trnh (nhcm bin, bm, ..) v tr cc b vchuyn d liu ny v mt trm trung tm (MTU hoc Sub-

MTU).



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Cu hnh tiu biu ca mt RTU nhsau:

NGUNCUNG

CP

CPU

KHITRUY

N

THNG

KHIVOT

NG

T

KHIXU

T

TNGT

KHIVO

S

KHIXUT

S



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Thng thng s dng vi x l h 16 hoc 32 bt (nh68302, 80386), 2 hay 3 cng truyn thng (RS-232/RS-422/RS-485) dng :

n v iu khin trung tm (CPU - Central Control Unit)

Giao tip vi cc thit b u cui phc v cho chun on.

Giao tip vi trm vn hnh

Giao tip vi trm trung tm



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C 5 thnh phn to nn mt khi vo tng t:

B ghp knh vo (Input Multiplexer)

Khuch i tn hiu vo (Input Amplifier)

Mch ly mu v gi (Sample and Hold Circuit)

B chuyn i A/D

V bus giao tip v h thng nh thi (Bus Interface).

Khi vo tng t(Analog Input Modules)



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2.1 Phn Cng (Hardware)2.1.3n v u cui txa (RTU-Remote Terminal Unit)



- B chn knh l thit b ly mu nhiu ng vo tngtmt cch tun t v chuyn tng tn hiu ng ra.

- Ng ra s n b chuyn i Analog/Digital (A/D)



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Mt s loi chn knh nhsau:

B chn knh 2 sang 1 B chn knh 4 sang 1



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Khuch i tn hiu vo (Input Amplifier)


- Khi tn hiu cn s ha qu nh th chng cn phic khuch i ph hp vi tn hiu u vo cab chuyn A/D.

- Nu tn hiu qu nh m c a trc tip vo b

chuyn i th s mt chnh xc.


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B chuyn i A/D


B chuyn i A/D l thnh phn quan trong nht ca bchuyn i.

Chuyn i ng vo tng t thnh gi tr s tng ngph thuc vo in p ng vo.



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Tnh cht ca khi vo s:


- 8 hoc 12 ng vo analog

- phn gii 8 hoc 12 bit- 4-20mA (Cc kh nng khc 0-20mA, -10+10V,

010V)

- Tc chuyn i 10mili giy n 30 mili giy

- in trng vo 240 kiloom hay 1 megaom



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Khi ra tng t(Analog Output Modules)

iu khin cc thit b vi tn hiu iu khin tng t,v vy cn phi c mt b chuyn i t s sang tng t.

iu khin ti bn ngai th tn hiu tng t cn phic khuch i cng sut.

8 hoc 12 ng vo analog

phn gii 8 hoc 12 bit4-20mA (Cc kh nng khc 020mA, -10+10V,010V)


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Khi ra s (Digital Output Modules)

Cc ng ra s iu khin tn hiu in p ti cc ng ratng ng:

- Dang Triac

- Dang Rle

- Dang TransistorChuyntip vi

bn trong

R lecch ly

Ng ras 1

Ng ras 1

Ng ra

s 1

Module ng ra s

+V



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Khi m

B m s thng thng c dng cho m xung, nhm sn phm, v truyn gi tr b m v RTU.

BUS

DLIU

NG

RESET



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Khi giao tip truyn thng (Communication Interfaces)

Cc RTU linh hot phi c thit k v tnh nng linh hat c th thc hin cc giao tip nh:

- RS-232/RS-422/RS485

- Ethernet

- Kt ni quay s (Dial-Up)/ng truyn ring (LeaseLine)

- V tuyn (Wireless)

- Giao thc X.25 (X.25 Packet Protocols)



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Module cp ngun cho RTU

RTU nn c th hat ng t 110/240, VAC =10%, 50Hz

Hoc 12/24/48, VDC=10%

Ngai ra cn phi c ngun cho ch standby trong sut20 giv thi gian np y trli l 12 gi.

i vi cc tham s quan trngc gi v b x l trungtm:

- Cn phi c lin tc trng thi ca pin

- Bo ng khi in p ca pin khi nm ngai gii hn



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ng gi bo v RTU khi b nh hng mi trng

Do RTU la cc vi mch, nn RTU phi c t trong hp bo v trnh chu nh hng tc ng ca mi trng.V d nh nhit , thi tit

Qu trnh lp tCn phi c qut lun chuyn kh v lc bi

Cc khu vc nguy him th RTU cn phi c lp trong

hp chy n.Nu RTU c lp t trong cc nhxng th tt nht lphi c lm mt tt nht l lp iu ha khng kh.



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I H

C CNG NGHI

P TP.HCM

KHOA CONG NGHE IEN


Qu trnh lp t

Cn phi c qut lun chuyn kh v lc bi

Cc khu vc nguy him th RTU cn phi c lp tronghp chy n.

Nu RTU c lp t trong cc nhxng th tt nht lphi c lm mt tt nht lp liu ha khng kh.

m mi trng cng khng km phn quan trong:

- Khi m cao dn n hin tng ng hi nc

- Khi m thp dn n hin tng tnh in



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I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCMKHOA CONG NGHE IEN


Kim tra v bo dng

cung cp cc tin ch trong h thng SCADA , nh snxut cung cp cho chng ta hp kim tra c chc nng giaotip gia v gi lp MTU v RTU



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Kim tra v bo dng


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PLC cn nh gn v vt l v chim t khng gian so vicc gii php khc. Tuy nhin PLC c th khng thch hpcho nhng yu cu c bit nhcc ng dng o lng txa dng v tuyn.

Cc h PLC cva v ln thng thng c cu trc gmcc khi (module) vc cm ln cm CPU ( cm ckhi CPU) hoc cm mrng ( cm dng cho I/O).

Hnh sau minh ha cu trc mt PLC tiu biu.

2.1.3 PLC sdng nhRTU (RTU-Remote Terminal Unit)



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Hnh sau minh ha cu trc mt PLC tiu biu.

2.1 Phn Cng (Hardware)2.1.3 PLC sdng nhRTU (RTU-Remote Terminal Unit)


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Output Devices

CPUInputarea

Outputarea

Memoryarea

Input Devices

PowerSupply

CPU (Center processing unit): n v x l trung tm Memory: B nhdng lu tr d liu vchng trnh

Input area: giao tip u vo


Tt c cc PLC u c thnh phn chnh l:



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Output area: giao tip u ra

Power supply: Ngun cp

Output Devices

CPUInputarea

Outputarea

Memoryarea

Input Devices

PowerSupply


Tt c cc PLC u c thnh phn chnh l:


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S cu trc PLCPLC



2 1 Ph C (H d )


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Gin thi gian



2 1 Ph C (H d )


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Hat ng tun t c th c m t nh chng trnh PLC

vc lu tr trong b nhvtng ng vi cu lnh.


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2 1 Ph C (H d )


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Khi ra tng t(Analog output Modules)

Tai Lieu Chi Tiet (Page 20,22,27,37,98)


2 1 Phn Cng (Hardware)


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Khi vo s (Digital Input Modules)





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Khi ra s (Digital output Modules)





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Khi c bit


iu khin nhit

iu khin v tr




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2.1 Phn Cng (Hardware)2.1.4 Mt s v d minh ha

Mach iu khin tun t

Mch iu khin n giao thngMch iu khin khc



Giao tip vi RTU


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2.1 Phn Cng (Hardware)2.1.4 Trm chnh/Trung tm (MTU)

Tng ng vi

n v ch trongkin trc Ch/T(Master/Slave),MTU th hin d

liu cho ngi vnhnh thng quaHMI, thu thp dliu v truyn tn

hiu iu khin vicc thit b v nhmy t xa.

Trm lm vicServer d liu

Gateway

Trm truynthng

`

PLC

Moderm

PSTN

Sao lud liu

Portgiao

tip

Hthngiukhincc

b

Mng cc b (LAN)

MTU




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Mt n v

ch ph(Sub-MasterStation) cth l cnthit cho svn hnh cc u cui

t xa.

RS-232




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Chc nng ca Sub station nhsau:

Thu thp d liu t cc RTU cc bGhi v hin th d liu ti trm vn hnh cc b

Chuyn d liu v MTU

Chuyn lnh iu khin t MTU n RTU cc b.

Chc nng ca MTU nhsau:

Thit lp truyn thng, bao gm thit lp mi RTU, khito RTU vi cc thng s vo/ra, cng nhti chng trnhiu khin v thu thp d liu xung cc RTU




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Chc nng ca MTU nhsau:

Vn hnh cc kt ni truyn thng, bao gm hi vng RTUd liu v chuyn d liu xung RTU trong s sp xpch/t, ghi bo ng v s kin vo cng, cng nh linkt n cc ng vo v ra cc RTU khc nhau mt cch t

ng.

Chun on, bao gm chun on chnh xc thng tin lica RTU v cc vn c th, cng nh chun on cc

vn tim tng c th nh trn d liu.




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2.1 Ph n Cng (Hardware)2.1.5 Cc thit b trng (Field Devices)

Thit b trng bao gm tt c cc thit b c s dng

trong tin trnh iu khin vc iu khin.Nhng thit b ny bao gm cc valve, cng tc vng c.

Cc thit b ny c th c khi ng/dng, ng/m,

ON/OFF bi PLC hoc RTU.


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2 2 1 Gii hi


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y g ( )2.2.1 Gii thiu

hai hoc nhiu thc th c th truyn thng, chng phini cng mt ngn ng (giao thc) v tun theo nhng cchnht nh cho vic khi u, thng sut v kt thc truynthng

Giao thc SCADA ra i v s cn thit gi v nhn d

liu,iu khin thng tin cc b v qua cc khong cch xatrong khong thi gian d tnh.

thc hin truyn thng trong cc khong thi gian d

tnh trong cc ng dng SCADA, cc nh sn xut PLCpht trin cc giao thc v cc kin trc truyn thng buscho ring h


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2 2 1 Gii thi


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y g ( )2.2.1 Gii thiu

Hnh sau y cho thy cc mc truyn thng ca hthng SCADA ln


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2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2 2 1 Gii thi


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y g2.2.1 Gii thiu

Nhiu trong s cc giao thc ny l c quyn. Vo nhng

nm 1990, cc nhm iu khin cng nghip v cc t chcv tiu chun bt u pht trin cc giao thc m, khngc quyn v khng dnh ring cho mt nh sn xut no.

Sau ny, khi Internet ph bin, cc cng ty c gng lidng cc giao thc v cng c c pht trin cho mngInternet, nhgiao thc TCP/IP v trnh duyt Internet.

Thm vo cc nh sn xut v tiu chun m sa i

cng ngh Ethernet LAN ph bin v hiu qu s dngcho mng thu thp d liu viu khin cc b.


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2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2 2 3 M hnh OSI


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2.2.3 M hnh OSI

M hnh OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) pht trin

bi ISO (Open Standards Organization) vo u nm 1980.Trong m hnh ny, d liu t lp trn c ng gi bilp thp hn k n khi ni t lp cao n lp thp hn.

V d qu trnhng gi d liu



D liu ng dng ngi dng


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2.2.3 M hnh OSI

Cc lp trong m hnhOSI c miu t nh

Lp ng dng (lp 7) lgiao tip vi ngi dng.D liu i ngang qua m

hnh, hng xung, t lp7 n lp 1. D liu quami trng truyn nhdydn hoc cp quang bngtn hiu in hoc nh sngn u cui.

Lp 6

Lp din gii (Presentation)Lp 5

Lp phin (Session)

Lp 4Lp vn chuyn (Transport)

Lp 3Lp mng (Network)

Lp 1Lp vt l (Physical)

Mi trng truyn vt l(0011001101001...)

Cclpphnm

m

Cclpphncng

Truyn d liu Nhn d liu

Lp 7Lp ng dng (Application)

Lp 2Lp lin kt d liu (Data Link)



D liu ng dng ngi

dng


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2.2.3 M hnh OSI

D liu c

ng gi khi iqua cc lp cam hnh imtruyn.

Lp 7Application

Lp 6

Presentation

Lp 5Session

Lp 4Transport

Lp 3Network

Lp 2Data Link

Lp 1

Physical

DATA

DATAHeader 6

Header 6 +DATA

Header 5

Header 5,6 + DATAHeader 4

Header 4,5,6 + DATAHeader 3

Header 3,4,5,6 + DATAHeader 2 CRC

1000101110110011101110011

Mi trng truyn tn hiu (Cp quang, vtuyn, )

01

01

0


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.3 M hnh OSI

D liu ng dng ngi

dng


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2.2.3 M hnh OSI

u nhn, cc

gi d liu nggi c cci ra (g bheader) v d

liu c a lnlp cao hn

Lp 7Application

Lp 6

Presentation

Lp 5Session

Lp 4Transport

Lp 3Network

Lp 2Data Link

Lp 1

Physical

Mi trng truyn tn hiu (Cp quang, vtuyn, )

01

01

0

DATA

DATAHeader6

Header 6 + DATA

Header

5

Header 5,6 + DATA

Header

4

Header 4,5,6 + DATA

Heade

r3

Header 3,4,5,6 + DATA

Head

er2 CRC

1000101110110011101110011




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2.2.3 M hnh OSIBng tm tt cc chc nng c thc hin trong mi lpca m hnh OSI.

Chc nngLp

Lp 7 (Application)ng dng

Lp cao nht, chc nng iu khin lung v chc nng ngdng

Lp 6 (Presentation)

(Din gii)

Chuyn i v dch cho lp ng dng. N cn thc hin cc

hot ng m ho, gii m v nnLp 5 (Session)Phin

Thit lp kt ni truyn thng mong mun, qun l s chuyngiao d liu trong sut phin v thot kt ni.

Lp 4 (Transport)Vn chuyn

Lp ny thit lp s u u u cui ca phin truyn thngv m bo rng d liu s phn phi n thit b nhn.

Lp 3 (Network)Mng

Lp ny thc hin tm ng, a ch vt l, kim li v iukhin lu lng ti nt.




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2.2.3 M hnh OSIBng tm tt cc chc nng c thc hin trong mi lpca m hnh OSI.


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.4 M hnh TCP/IP


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M hnh TCP/IP (Transmission

Control Protocol/InternetProtocol) c pht trin vonhng nm 1970 bi U.S.

TCP/IP cung cp lc choInternet v tr thnh tiuchun nn tng cho Internet.

M hnh TCP/IP bn lp cmiu t nh sau.




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Giao ThcLp

IEEE 802.2 LLC (Logical Control Protocol): Qun l cc kt ni truynthng d liu gia cc thit b

Lp 2 (Internet)

Mng

Lp 1 (NetworkAccess) Truy cpmng

IP (Internet Protocol): nh a ch IP ca thit b gi v nhn vo gi dliu (trong header) dng cho dn ng gi d liu n ch mong mun

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Giao thc qun l c sdng tnh ton cc ng chuyn giao d liu t ngun n ch

EIA-232C (RS-232C): Tiu chun ca Electronic Industries Associationdng cho trao i ni tip d liu nh phn

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol): Dng ng gi cc gi thng ip IP vtruyn qua kt ni im im (Point-to-Point).

EIA-422-B (RS-422): Tiu chun ca Electronic Industries Association,nh ngha cc t tnh in ca mt mch giao tip cn bng c thitk trit cc nhiu thng thng v tc d liu nh hn 0.5 Mbps.




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Etherne

t

TokenRing

FrameRelay

ATM

M hnh

TCP/IP vcc giaothc tiubiu




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Ethernet

Hnh minh

ha qutrnh nggi tiim

truyn




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Hnh minh

ha qutrnh nggi tiim

truyn

B giao thc TCP/IP

HTTP

TCP

IP

Ethernet

LLC

MAC

HTTP Data

HTTP DataTCP

Header

TCP + HTTP DataIP

Header

IP + TCP + HTTP DataLLC

Header

LLC + IP + TCP + HTTP DataMAC

Header

FCS

FCS

Mch giao tip mi trng truyn 1111000010001110010...

Mi trng truyn tn hiu (Cp quang, vtuyn )


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.5 Giao thc MODBUS


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Cui nhng nm 1970, Gould Modicon pht trin giao thc

MODBUS. MODBUS c t lp 7 trong m hnh OSIv h trtruyn thng ch/khch (ch/t) gia cc PLC

Giao thc MODBUS nh ngha cc phng php cho mt

PLC truy cp vo mt PLC khcGiao thc ny h trcc giao thc khc nh truyn thngbt ng b ch/t, Modicon MODBUS Plus, v Ethernet.

MODBUS cng da trn m hnh OSI, mc d khng phitt c cc lp iu c s dng.


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.5 Giao thc MODBUS APPLICATION

D liu cc thit b ngi dng

(Valve, B iu khin, RTU, ...)


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M hnh phn lp

MODBUS

Giao thc ng dng MODBUS

MODBUS/TCP

TRANSPORTTCP

NETWORKIP

DATA LINKEthernet

802.2, 802.3

VT LEthernet

SerialMaster/Slave

MODBUSPlus

VT LEIA-232-FEIA-485-A

VT LEthernet


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.6 Truyn thng dliu ni tip


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2.2.6.1nh ngha v khi nim cbn

Tt c h thng truyn d liu gm c cc thnh phn sau:- D liu ngun (Source, VD: My tnh) yu cu cn phi

c mt mch chuyn i tn hiu thch hp gi l b pht(Transmiiter)

- ng truyn (Cp i dy xon, cp ng trc, ) ntruyn mt thng ip n b thu ti u cui.

- B nhn d liu (receiver) chuyn i tn hiu ngc lim c th c s dng bi mch in.




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2.2.6.2 Cc ch truyn n cng (Simplex) v song cng(duplex)

Trong bt k h thng truyn thng, hai thit b c thtruyn mt hng duy nht hoc c hai hng

Mt h thng n cngc thit k cho vic truyn thngip theo mt hng duy nhtnh sau:



2 2 6 2 C h (Si l )


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Mt h thng song cng c thit k cho vic truynthng ip theo hai hng:



2 2 6 2 C h t (Si l )


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Mt h thng song cng c thit k cho vic truynthng ip theo hai hng:



2 2 6 3 D th i t th


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2.2.6.3 Dng thng ip truyn thng

Dng ca khung d liu c miu t nh sau:

Nhn chung tham s ti u cho ci c cc tham s truynng b l

1 5, 6, 7 ,8 Even, old 1, 11/2, or 2



2 2 6 4 Tc tr n


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2.2.6.4 Tc truyn

Tc truyn ti a ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:- Lai v s phc tp ca mach ti u cui

-ng truyn (Cp dy xon, cp ng trc,)

- Khang cch gia gi v nhn

- S lng d liu c truyn

- T l sai s c th chp nhn



2 2 6 4 T t


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2.2.6.4 Tc truyn

Tc Baud (Maurice Emile Baudot)c xem xt nhtc vt l m d liu c truyn v nhn ng.

VD nu mi bit xy ra 1ms th tc tng cng l1/1ms=1000buad

Mt khc tc truyn d liu c tnh tan nhsau:

7 data bits / 10 ms = 700 bits per second (bps)

Tc thc nh hn tc baud 30%, trong v d ny tngcng 10bit trong mt khung


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.6 Truyn thng dliu ni tip2 2 6 4 Tc truyn


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2.2.6.4 Tc truyn

VD nu mi bit xy ra 1ms th tc tng cng l1/1ms=1000buadMt khc tc truyn d liu c tnh tan nhsau:

7 data bits / 10 ms = 700 bits per second (bps)

Tc thc nh hn tc baud 30%, trong v d ny tngcng 10bit trong mt khung

Tc baud chun thng thng l: 50, 110, 300, 600, 1200,2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 baud


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.6 Truyn thng dliu ni tip2 2 6 5 Mt s chun truyn thng ni tip


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Bng tm tt mt s chun truyn thng ni tip nhsau:

2.2.6.5 Mt s chun truyn thng ni tip


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)2.2.7 Cu trc lin kt mng truyn thng

thc hin qu trnh iu khin gim st trong h thng


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thc hin qu trnh iu khin gim st trong h thngSCADA, cc thnh phn phi thit lp c cc mi linkt vi nhau. Tuy theo quy m ca h thng SCADA mmng truyn thng h trcc mi lin kt sau:

1. Lin kt im im (point to point): Ch chai i

tc tham gia, ch ni c 2 trm vi nhau. V vy cnnhiu ng truyn ring bit.

2. Lin kt im nhiu im (Multi drop): Nhiu i tctham gia, Ch duy nht (Trm ch) c kh nng phttrm cn li (Trm t) thu nhn cng mt lc. Vic giaotip theo chiu ngc li theo kiu im im.



3 Lin kt nhiu im: Mi lin kt c nhiu i tc tham


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3. Lin kt nhiu im: Mi lin kt c nhiu i tc thamgia v trao i thng tin qua li t do theo bt k hngno. Bt k i tc no cng c quyn pht v bt ctrm no cng nghe c. C th s dng mt cp dnduy nht ni mng gia cc i tc.

Da trn cc cu trc lin kt chng ta c cc dng cu trccbn trong truyn thng ca h thng SCADA

Cu trc bus

Cu trc mch vng

Cu trc hnh sao



2 2 7 1 Cu trc Bus


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Cu trc bus c thit k vi tt c cc thnh vin cni trc tip vi mt ng truyn. v th tit kim ccp dn v cng lp t.

Daisy chain

Trunk line/drop line

Mch vng khng tch cc.

2.2.7.1 Cu trc Bus

Cu trc bus c c gm 3 kiu:



2 2 7 1 Cu trc Bus


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2.2.7.1 Cu trc Bus

Daisy chain l cu trc ng thng bi vng truynkhng khp kn, mi trm c ni mng trc tip ti giaol ca hai on dy dn, khng qua mt on dy ni phno


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2.2.7.1 Cu trc Bus


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2.2.7.1 Cu trc Bus

Mch vngkhng tchcc thc chtch khc vi

trunkline/drop line chng truync khpkn.



2.2.7.1 Cu trc Bus


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C u c us

a.u im ca cu trc bus Tit kim dy dn

Mt trong cc trm trong mang b s c th cc trm cn

li vn hat ng bnh thngb. Nhc im ca cu trc bus

Do s dng chung ng truyn nn phi cphng

php truy nhp bus trnh xung t d liu. Ti mt thi im ch c mt trm gi.



2.2.7.1 Cu trc Bus


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b. Nhc im ca cu trc bus Do s dng chung ng truyn nn phi cphngphp truy nhp bus trnh xung t d liu.

Ti mt thi im ch c mt trm gi. Mt tn hiu gi i c th ti tt c cc trm v theo mt

trnh t khng kim sot c, v vy phi thc hinphng php gn a ch theo kiu th cng cho tngtrm.


2.2 Truyn thng (Communication)

2.2.7 Cu trc lin kt mng truyn thng

Mt s v d cu trc bus


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Mng tiu biu c cu trc bus l PROFIBUS, CAN,WorldFIP, Foundation Fieldbus, AS-I, CC-link v Ethernet.




Mt s v d cu trc bus


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Cu trc mng s dng Foundation Fieldbus




2.2.7.2 Cu trc mch vng


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Cu trc mch vng c thit k sao cho cc thnh vintrong mng c ni t im ny n im kia mt cchtun t trong mt mch khp kn.

Mi thnh vin u tham gia tch cc vo vic kim sotdng tn hiu.

Mi trm nhn c d liu t trm ng trc vchuyn tip sang trm ln cn ng sau. Qu trnh ny

c lp li ti khi d liu quay trv trm gi, n sc hy b.






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Khng C iu Khin Trung Tm C iu Khin Trung Tm

Master






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u im ca cu trc mch vng

u im cbn ca mng c cu trc ny l mi ntng thi c th l mt b khuch i, do vy mng cutrc mch vng c khong cch v s trm ln.

Mi trm c kh nng va nhn va pht tn hiu cngmt lc.

Bi mi thnh vin ngn mch vng thnh 2 phn v tn

hiu c truyn theo mt chiu, nn bin php trnhxung t tn hiu thc hin n gin hn.






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Cu trc mch vng thc cht da trn cslin kt imim, v vy thch hp cho vic s dng cc phngtin truyn tn hiu hin i nhcp quang, tia hng

ngoi Vic gn a ch cho cc thnh vin trong mng cng c

th do mt trm ch thc hin mt cch hon ton t ng

cn c vo th t sp xp vt l ca cc trm trong mchvng.






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Mt u im tip theo ca cu trc mch vng l khnng xc nh v tr xy ra s c, v d t dy hay mttrm ngng lm vic.

Tuy nhin, mng s vn hot ng bnh thng nu cmt ng dy d phng.

Hnh sau y m t cch gii quyt s c ti ng dy(a) v s c ti mt trm (b).


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2.2.7 Cu trc lin kt mng truyn thng2.2.7.2 Cu trc mch vngu im ca cu trc mch vng


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Trng hp (a), cc trm ln cn vi im xy ra s c s tpht hin li ng dy v t ng chuyn mch sang ngdy ph.

Trng hp (b) hai trm ln cn s t u tt, chuyn sang cuhnh nhdaisychain. thc hin c iu ny, ti mitrm, thit b s c u vi mch vng nhb chuynmch bypass t ng.

Trong trng hp s c xy ra, b chuyn mch s t ng phthin v ngn mch, b qua thit b c ni mng qua n.


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2.2.7 Cu trc lin kt mng truyn thng2.2.7.2 Cu trc mch vngCu trc mch vng c s dng trong INTERBUS Token-


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Cu trc mch vng c s dng trong INTERBUS, Token

Ring (IBM), FDDI, mng MELSECNET Mitsubishi

Chng 3: Cc chc nng ca h thng SCADA

3.1 iu khin gim st h thng

Gim st ccthng s p sut,nhit biu


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nhit , biu

din di dng th. Cc tnhiu trng thion-off, run-stop,alarm, ci tthi gian tr cctn hiu alarm

cho h thng


3.2 Qun l cc th tc ng ct thu thp dliu theo thigian thc.

Mt khc ngoicc yu cu


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cc yu cu

ring ca tngh thng. Hthng SCADAcn c chc

nng ph nh:Trending,History, Alarm,Report



Mt khc ngoicc yu cu


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y





Mt khc ngoicc yu cu


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y





Mt khc ngoicc yu cu


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y


nng ph nh:Trending,History, Alarm,

Report

Chng 4: Phn mm h thng SCADA

4.1 Gii thiu chung v phn mm

Phn mm SCADA c th c chia ra lm hai loi: cquyn hoc m.


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Cc cng ty c th pht trin phn mm c quyn dng chotruyn thng vi phn cng ca h.

Vn chnh ca cc h thng ny l phi ph thuc honton vo nh cung cp h thng.

Cc h thng phn mm m ngy cng tr nn ph bin vtnh nng lin kt hot ng ca cc h thng ny.

Tnh nng lin kt hot ng l kh nng ha hp thit b cacc nh sn xut khc nhau trn mt h thng


4.1 Gii thiu chung v phn mm

SCADA Company Country

InTouch Wonderware USA

GeniDAQ Advantech Taiwan

Genesis32 Iconics USAP


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Trace Mode AdAstra RussiaVijeo Look Schneider Electric France

Citect Ci Technologies Australia

Factory Link United States DATA Co. USA

RSView Rockwell Software Inc. USA

LabView National Instruments USA

iFIX Intellution USA

WinCC Siemens Germany

Master SCADA InSAT Russia

CIMPLICITY GE Fanuc USA

Contour Obedinenie Uig Ucraina

Wizcon Axeda USACrug-2000 Crug Russia

Elipse SCADA Elipse SCADA USA

Phnmm

SCADA


4.2 Tag (Tagname) Trong phm mm SCADA l g?


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