Bai Giang Dcs Va Scada 1-Libre

BI 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG IU KHIN DCS

Ngi Thc Hin: Hong Quc Xuyn

Mn Hc:H THNG SCADA,DCS V MNG TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP

H NI - 20121

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI

GII THIU MN HC

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Tn hc phn: H thng SCADA, DCS v mng truyn thng cng nghipS n v hc trnh: 3 (45 tit). Tiu chun nh gi sinh vin: Thi cui hc k: Lm bi tp ln

Thang im: 10/10.

Ti liu hc tp:Sch, gio trnh chnh :[1]. B mn T ng Ho- Khoa in - Trng H CN H Ni : H thng SCADA v DCS - nm 2008.Sch tham kho :[1]. Hong Minh Sn Mng truyn thng cng nghip - NXB Khoa hc k thut 2007.[2]. Nguyn Vn Thng C s K thut truyn s liu - NXB Khoa hc k thut 1998.

NI DUNG CA MN HC

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Chng 1. iu khin phn tn DCSChng 2. H thng iu khin SCADAChng 3. So snh h DCS v h SCADAChng 4. Khi nim mng truyn thng cng nghipChng 5. C s truyn d liu trong cng nghipChng 6. Cc thnh phn trong h thng mngChng 7. Mt s h thng bus tiu chunChng 8. Xy dng h thng mngBi Tp ln

H THNG SCADA,DCS V MNG TRUYN THNG CNG NGHIP

NI DUNG CA BI HC

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1. Tng quan v t ng ha qu trnh sn xut1.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha1.2 Cc h thng iu khin ph bin hin nay.

* H iu khin tp trung* H iu khin phn tn

2. Cu hnh ca h iu khin DCS2.1 Cu hnh tiu biu ca h DCS2.2 Trm iu khin cc b2.3 Trm vn hnh2.4 Trm k thut v cc cng c pht trin2.5 Bus trng v cc trm vo ra t xa2.6 Bus h thng

BI 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG IU KHIN DCS

51.Tng quan v t ng ha qu trnh sn xut1.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha

Hnh 1 M hnh phn cp chc nng ca mt h thng iu khin v gim st

61.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha

Cng nhng cp di th cc chc nng cng mang tnh cht c bn hnv i hi yu cu cao hn v nhanh nhy, thi gian phn ng.

Mt chc nng cp trn c thc hin da trn cc chc nng cpdi, tuy khng i hi thi gian phn ng nhanh nh cp di, nhngngc li lng thng tin cn trao i v x l li ln hn nhiu.

Trn s phn cp chc nng chng ta thymt h thng iu khin v gim st gm c 5cp.

71.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha* Cp chp hnh

Cc chc nng chnh ca cp chp hnh lo lng, truyn ng v chuyn i tn hiutrong trng hp cn thit.

Thc t, a s cc thit b cm bin(sensor) hay c cu chp hnh (actuator)cng c phn iu khin ring cho vic thchin o lng/truyn ng c chnh xc vnhanh nhy.

Cc thit b thng minh cng c th mnhn vic x l th thng tin, trc khi a lncp iu khin.

Cp iu khinNhim v chnh ca cp iu khin l nhn thng tin t cc cm bin, x

l cc thng tin theo mt thut ton nht nh v truyn t li kt quxung cc c cu chp hnh.

Cp iu khin thc hin vic iu khin qu trnh cng ngh, thit biu khin c th l b iu khin PLC, DCS hoc cc my tnh PC cngnghip.

81.1 S phn cp ca h thng iu khin t ng ha* Cp iu khin gim st

Cp iu khin gim st c chc nng gimst v vn hnh mt qu trnh k thut. Nhimv ca cp iu khin gim st l h tr ngis dng trong vic ci t ng dng, thao tc,theo di, gim st vn hnh v x l nhng tnhhung bt thng.

Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp, cp nycn thc hin cc bi ton iu khin cao cpnh iu khin phi hp, iu khin trnh t viu khin theo cng thc (v d trong ch bindc phm, ho cht).

Khc vi cc cp di, vic thc hin cc chc nng cp iu khin gim stthng khng i hi phng tin, thit b phn cng c bit ngoi cc my tnhthng thng (my tnh c nhn, my trm, my ch).

91.2 Cc h thng iu khin ph bin hin nay.

Trong cc h thng iu khin tp trung, mi qu trnh tnh ton thc hin chin lc iu khin c thc hin trn mt h x l trung tm.

My tnh iu khin y (MTK) c th l cc b iu khin s trc tip (DDC), my tnh ln, my tnh c nhn PC, hoc cc thit b iu khin kh trnh PLC.

* H thng iu khin tp trung

Hnh 2- Cu trc tiu biu ca mt h iu khin tp trung

u im:u im ca h thng iu khin tp trung l h c s d liu

qu trnh thng nht, tp trung, do vy c th thc hin cc thutton iu khin qu trnh cng ngh mt cch tp trung v thngnht.

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1.2 Cc h thng iu khin ph bin hin nay.

Nhc im:Nhc im ca h thng

iu khin tp trung l khi i tng iu khin nhiu, phc tp c th dn ti khi lng tnh ton ln v cc h x l khng p ng c yu cu tnh ton ca h thng

* H thng iu khin tp trung


Mt nhc im na l trong phng n iu khin tp trung cc gi tr o lng phi tp trung v my tnh iu khin dn n khi lng dy dn ln lm tng chi ph, kh khn cho cng tc bo tr sa cha.

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1.2 Cc h thng iu khin ph bin hin nay.* H thng iu khin tp trung


ng dng:Ngy nay, cu trc tp trung trn y thng thch hp cho cc ng dng t

ng ha qui m va v nh, iu khin cc loi my mc v thit b bi s n gin, d thc hin v gi thnh mt ln cho my tnh iu khin.

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* H thng iu khin phn tn

khc phc s ph thuc vo mt my tnh trung tm trong cu trc tp trung v tng tnh linh hot ca h thng, ta c th iu khin mi phn on bng mt hoc mt s my tnh cc b, nh Hnh 3 minh ha.

Hnh 3- Cu trc tiu biu ca mt h iu khin phn tn

Trong a s cc ng dng c qui m va v ln, phn tn l tnh cht hin nhin ca h thng.

Mt dy chuyn sn xut thng c phn chia thnh nhiu phn on, c th c phn b ti nhiu v tr cch xa nhau.

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khc phc s ph thuc vo mt my tnh trung tm trong cu trc tp trung v tng tnh linh hot ca h thng, ta c th iu khin mi phn on bng mt hoc mt s my tnh cc b, nh Hnh 3 minh ha.


Trong a s cc ng dng c qui m va v ln, phn tn l tnh cht hin nhin ca h thng.

Mt dy chuyn sn xut thng c phn chia thnh nhiu phn on, c th c phn b ti nhiu v tr cch xa nhau.

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Trong phn ln cc trng hp, cc my tnh iu khin c ni mng vi nhau v vi mt hoc nhiu my tnh gim st (MTGS) trung tm qua bus h thng.

Gii php ny dn n cc h thng c cu trc iu khin phn tn, hay c gi l cc h iu khin phn tn c tn vit tt ting anh l DCS


Cc my tnh iu khin cc b thng c t ri rc ti cc phng iu khin/phng in ca tng phn on, phn xng, v tr khng xa vi qu trnh k thut.

Cc phn on c lin h tng tc vi nhau, v vy iu khin qu trnh tng hp cn c s iu khin phi hp gia cc my tnh iu khin.

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2. Cu hnh ca h iu khin DCS

Cu hnh c bn mt h iu khin phn tn c minh ha trn Hnh 4, bao gm cc thnh phn sau:- Cc trm iu khin cc b (local control station, LCS), i khi cn c gi l cc khi iu khin cc b (local control unit, LCU) hoc cc trm qu trnh (process station, PS).- Cc trm vn hnh (operator station, OS)- Trm k thut (engineering station, ES) v cc cng c pht trin- H thng truyn thng (field bus, system bus).

Local Control

Station LCS

Local Control

Station LCS

Local Control

Station LCS

Hnh 4- Cu trc tiu biu ca mt h iu khin phn tn DCS

2.1 Cu hnh tiu biu ca h DCS

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2.2 Cc trm iu khin cc b - (local control station, LCS)Trm iu khin cc b thuc cp iu

khin, l ni thc hin mi chc nng iu khin cho mt cng on. Cc trm iu khin cc b thng c t trong phng iu khin hoc phng in bn cnh phng iu khin trung tm hoc ri rc gn khu vc hin trng.

Cc chc nng do trm iu khin cc b m nhim bao gm:+) iu khin qu trnh (process control): iu khin cc mch vng kn (nhit , p sut, lu lng, pH, m c,...). Hu ht cc mch vng n c iu khin trn c s lut PID, gii quyt bi ton iu khin iu chnh, iu khin t l, iu khin tng. Cc h thng hin i cho php iu khin m, iu khin da m hnh (model-based control), iu khin thch nghi, ...

Hnh 5- Hnh nh 1 trm cc b ca hng Yokogawa

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2.2 Cc trm iu khin cc b - (local control station, LCS)+) iu khin trnh t (sequential control, sequence control)+) iu khin logic+) Thc hin cc cng thc (recipe control).+) t cc tn hiu u ra v trng thi an ton trong trng hp c s ch thng+) Lu tr tm thi cc tn hiu qu trnh trong trng hp mt lin lc vitrm vn hnh+) Nhn bit cc trng hp vt ngng gi tr v to cc thng bo bong


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2.2 Cc trm iu khin cc b - (local control station, LCS)Bt k chng loi thit b no c s dng, cc yu cu quan trng nht v mt k thut c t ra cho mt trm iu khin cc b l:+) Tnh nng thi thc+) tin cy v tnh sn sng+) Lp trnh thun tin, cho php s dng/ci t cc thut ton cao cp+) Kh nng iu khin lai (lin tc, trnh t v logic).


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2.3 Trm vn hnh (operator station, OS)

Trm vn Trm vn hnh vtrm k thut thuc cp iukhin gim st, cc trm nyc t ti phng iu khintrung tm.

Cc trm vn hnh c th hotng song song, c lp vinhau.

tin cho vic vn hnh hthng, ngi ta thng sp xpmi trm vn hnh tng ngvi mt phn on hoc mtphn xng.

Hnh 6- B tr trm vn hnh

Tuy nhin, cc phn mm chy trn tt c cc trmhon ton ging nhau, v th trong trng hp cn thitmi trm u c th thay th chc nng ca cc trmkhc.

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Cc chc nng tiu biu camt trm vn hnh gm c:+) Hin th cc hnh nh chun(hnh nh tng quan, hnh nhnhm, hnh nh tng mchvng, hnh nh iu khintrnh t, cc th thi gianthc v th qu kh)+) Hin th cc hnh nh ha t do (lu cng ngh,cc phm iu khin)


+) H tr vn hnh h thng qua cc cng c thao tc tiu biu, cc hthng hng dn ch o v hng dn tr gip+) To v qun l cc cng thc iu khin (cho iu khin m)+) X l cc s kin, s c+) X l, lu tr v qun l d liu

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Cc chc nng tiu biu camt trm vn hnh gm c:


+) Chn on h thng, h tr ngi vn hnh v bo tr h thng+) H tr lp bo co t ngMt trm vn hnh c th b tr theo kiu mt ngi s dng (mt hoc nhiu mn hnh), hoc nhiu ngi s dng vi nhiu Terminals (Hnh 5).

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Vic to ng dng iu khin hu ht c thc hin theo phng php khai bo, t tham s v ghp ni cc khi chc nng c sn trong th vin.

Cng nh cc trm vn hnh, thit b s dng thng thng l cc my tnh c nhn (cng nghip) chy trn nn Windows95/98/NT/2000 hoc UNIX.

2.4 Trm k thut v cc cng c pht trin(engineering station, ES)

Hnh 7- B tr trm k thut

Trm k thut l ni ci tcc cng c pht trin, chophp t cu hnh cho hthng, to v theo di ccchng trnh ng dng iukhin v giao din ngimy, t cu hnh v tham sha cc thit b trng.

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Mt s c tnh tiu biu ca cc cng c pht trin trn trm k thut l:+) Cng vic pht trin (Engineering) khng yu cu c phn cng DCS ti ch+) Cc ngn ng lp trnh thng dng l s khi hm (FBD-Function Block Diagram, hoc CFC-Continuous Function Chart) v biu tin trnh (SFC-Sequential Function Chart), tng t IEC61131-3 FBD () v SFC



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Trong mt s h thng, ngi ta khng phn bit gia trm vn hnh v trm k thut, m s dng mt bn phm c kha chuyn qua li gia hai ch vn hnh v pht trin.



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2.5 Bus trng v cc trm vo ra t xa

Hnh 8- Bus trng v cc trm vo ra t xa

Khi s dng cu trc vo/raphn tn, cc trm iu khincc b s c b sung ccmodule giao din bus nivi cc trm vo/ra t xa(remote I/Ostation) v mt sthit b trng thng minh.

Cc yu cu chung t ravi bus trng l tnh nngthi gian thc, mc ngin v gi thnh thp. Bncnh , i vi mi trng dchy n cn cc yu cu kthut c bit khc v chuntruyn dn, tnh nng in hcca cc linh kin mng, cptruyn,...

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Cc loi bus trng c htr mnh nht l Profibus-DP,Foundation Fieldbus,

DeviceNet v AS-I. Trongmi trng i hi an tonchy n th Profibus-PA vFoundation Fieldbus l hai hc s dng ph bin nht.

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Mt trm vo/ra t xa thc cht c cu trc khng khc lm so vi mt trm iu khin cc b, duy ch thiu khi x l trung tm cho chc nng iu khin.

Thng thng, cc trm vo/ra t xa c t rt gn vi qu trnh k thut, v th tit kim nhiu cp truyn v n gin ha cu trc h thng.

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2.6 Bus h thng

Hnh 8- Bus h thng

Bus h thng c chcnng ni mng cc trmiu khin cc b vi nhauv vi cc trm vn hnh vtrm k thut.

Trong a s cc h thngng dng, ngi ta la chncu hnh c d phng chobus h thng.

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2.6 Bus h thng

Hnh 8- Bus h thng

Gii php mng c th c chng ca ring cng ty, hoc da trn mt mng chun quc t. Cc h thng mng c s dng nhiu nht l Ethernet, Profibus-FMS v ControlNet.

c im ca vic trao i thng tin qua bus h thng l lu lng thng tin ln, v vy tc ng truyn phi tng i cao. Tnh nng thi gian thc cng l mt yu cu c t ra (nht l i vi bus iu khin), tuy nhin khng nghim ngt nh vi bus trng.

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2.6 Bus h thng

Hnh 8- Bus h thng

Thi gian phn ng thng ch yu cu nm trong phm vi 0,1s tr ln. Slng trm tham gia thng khng ln v nhu cu trao i d liu khng c tbin ln. V vy i vi mng Ethernet, tnh bt nh ca phng php truynhp bus CSMA/CD thng khng phi l vn gy lo ngh.

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Bai Giang Dcs Va Scada 1-Libre