BacteriaFriend or Foe? pg.224-232

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

• No nucleus

• Can move via flagella

• Reproduce with binary fission

• Use cell respiration for energy

• Producers

• Consumers

• Parasites

• Decomposers

Binary Fission refresher

Where do bacteria live?

• Need to be warm and moist to reproduce

• Endospores- grow a thick protective membrane,

lets them survive harsh environments

• Boiling

• Freezing

• Extremely dry

Better conditions= endospores break open

Shape of Bacteria

Bacilli- rod shaped, large surface area

Cocci- spherical, resist drying out

Spirilla- spiral shaped, least common,

two flagella

Which is which?

Flagellum

• Means “whip” in Latin

• Spins like a corkscrew

• Propels bacterium

through liquid

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hexn-DtSt4

Cyanobacteria Live in water environments

Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Thrive in harsh climates (where no other living thing can survive)

• Hot springs

• Under 430m of ice in Antarctica

• 8km below Earth’s surface

• Not all have cell walls

3 types of Archaebacteria

Methane makers

• Excrete methane gas

• Live in swamps

Heat lovers

• Live near ocean rift vents

• 360° Celsius

Salt lovers

• High concentration of salt

• Dead Sea

NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA

Take nitrogen from air

Convert it into a form plants can use

Peas, beans, alfalfa, clover

RECYCLING AND CLEANING UP

Break down dead organic matter

BioremediationChange pollution into harmless chemicals

Industrial, agricultural, municipal wastes

Oil spills

HELPFUL HEALERS

Genetically alter bacteria for:

Antibiotics- medicines to kill bacteria/microorganisms

Insulin- helps people with diabetes use sugars

HARMFUL BACTERIA • Cause diseases

• Are treated with antibiotics

• Prevented by vaccines

In people and plants!

VirusesMicroscopic particles that invade a cell and usually destroy it

Pg. 233-235

Viruses

• Super tiny

• 5 billion fit in one drop of blood

• They don’t:

• Eat

• Grow

• Breathe

• “live” on their own

• They DO reproduce via a host

Cause Many Illnesses

• Can’t be treated with antibiotics

• Common cold

• Flu

• AIDS

Classifying Viruses

• Grouped by:

• Type of disease they cause

• Their life cycle

• Type of genetic material they contain

• All viruses are basically some form of

genetic material in a protein coat

Basic Shapes

of Viruses

• Crystals- polio

• Cylinders- attack plants

• Spheres- influenza, HIV

• Spacecraft- only attack bacteria

Which is

Which?

• Crystals

• Cylinders

• Spheres

• Spacecraft

Lytic Cycle

Lysogenic Cycle

• Viral genes aren’t active

• Become active when

• Change in environment

• Stress to organism