KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA & KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

Unit 2 - Biodiversity

Bacteria – Prokaryotic Organisms Both kingdoms (Eubacteria and

Archaebacteria) were once collectively known as Kingdom Monera.

Prokaryotic Means that it doesn’t have a nucleus. A

nucleus holds all of a cells DNA, so the DNA in a bacteria cell is just “stuffed” inside the cell, along with free floating ribosomes (which help make proteins and have RNA).

Reproduces by binary fission Since the cell’s DNA is not concentrated in

one area all the bacteria cell has to do is double it’s genetic material, and split in half.

Binary fission – Asexual Reproduction

Bacteria – Single Celled Organisms All bacteria cells

are unicellular. All the characteristics of life occur in one cell.

If lots of cells divide and live in one area (usually cultured on agar) it is called a colony.

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Differ from Eubacteria in the fact that their RNA (found in ribosomes) is arranged differently and cell walls are different.

They are mostly anaerobic (don’t need oxygen) Are found in very harsh environments

Very salty, acidic and hot places. Volcanic Vents, Hot springs, bottom of the

ocean. Thought to be the oldest living organisms on

Earth. It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere began as

a mixture of poisonous gases, where only this type of organism could have survived.

Kingdom Eubacteria

Most common bacteria. Found everywhere All known pathogens (the bacteria that

makes you sick) are in K. Eubacteria Also all the good for you bacteria (like in

yogurt). Examples include:

Streptococcus Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum Lactobacillus

Pictures – Look alike to me??? I can see why they were once grouped together

Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Naming Bacteria – What’s your shape?

Often bacteria is named for it’s shape and arrangement.

Shapes (most common)

Coccus (sphere shaped) Bacillus (rod shaped) Sprillium (spiral shaped)

Arrangements (most common)

Strepto (chain) Staphylo

(cluster) Diplo (pair)

Bacteria and you – Pros & Cons

Decomposers “Fix” nitrogen into a

useable form Food production—

yogurt, cheese, etc. Sewage Treatment Clean Oil Spills Source of antibiotics

Disease Syphilis,

gonorrhea, tuberculosis, strep throat, botulism, etc.

Food Spoilage Resistance to drugs.

Positive Contributions

Negative Aspects