AvPv‡i wfbœ, msL¨vq bMY¨ evDj-dwKi I ivó« · aviYv cv‡Å †`b (Knight 2011, McDaniel 1992), RvwZe‡Y i É±Zv I §iweb vm‡K D‡c v K‡ib, m„wÍKZ vi Abš§ iƒc wn‡m‡e

evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

LÐ 36 evwl©K msL¨v 1425

AvPv‡i wfbœ, msL¨vq bMY¨ evDj-dwKi I ivó«

‡Mvjvg bex gRyg`vi*

1| f~wgKv

ivó«xq Ges Aivó«xq bvbvwea n¯Í‡¶c mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`‡ki wfbœgvM©x evDj‡ì, we‡kl

K‡i dwKi‡ì, wKfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q, eZ©gvb wbe‡Ü †m welqwU cix¶v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avwg

dwKi jvjb kv‡ni (1774-1890) Abymvix‡ì wb‡q GKwU G_‡bvMÖvwdK M‡elYv K‡iwQ wewfbœ

mg‡q AvLovq Ae¯’vb K‡i| G M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, mn‡hvwMZvi ¯úó g‡bvfve _vKv m‡Ë¡I

dwKi‡ì wfbœgZvej¤^x RxebhvÎv ax‡i ax‡i †KvAc‡UW ev wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡”Q| miKvwi KZ©…c¶,

¯’vbxq MYgva¨g I cÖfvekvjx wmwfj mgv‡Ri m`mïv G cÖwµqvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| G

wbe‡Ü AviI Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †Kb jvjb MxwZi RbwcÖqZvi cvkvcvwk AvLov‡Kw› ªK

¸iæev`x PP©vi cÖwZ AvMÖ‡n fvUv co‡Q|

Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, dwKi jvjb kvn‡K RjemšÍ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ Ae¯’vq Kywóqvi †QDwoqvi

KvwjM½v b`xi Zxi †_‡K D×vi Kiv nq (‡PŠayix 2009 K: 11-14)| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb †Kej

evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½i me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx PviY Kwe n‡q D‡Vb ZvB bq, mgmvgwqK

evsjv‡`‡ki RbwcÖq AvwZ¥K HwZ‡nï (w¯úwiPyqvj †nwi‡U‡Ri) †K›`ªxq e¨w³Z¡ n‡q D‡Vb|

AvbyôvwbK wk¶v bv _vK‡jI wZwb Kgc‡¶ cvuPkZ Mvb iPbv K‡ib, †h¸wji K_v mij wKš‘

wPšÍvq Mfxi (‡PŠayix 2009L, `vm 1958, iwdDwÏb 2009)| jvjb `k nvRv‡iiI †ewk

Abymvix †i‡L †M‡Qb (wnZKwi 1890)| jvj‡bi g‡Zv Zuvi AbymvixivI dwKi e‡j cwiwPZ|

G‡ì AwaKvskB `wi ª Ges MÖv‡gi Awaevmx Ges Zviv GKZviv wb‡q Mvb K‡ib, mvab-fR‡bi

ixwZbxwZ cvjb K‡ib Ges BnRM‡Z ‰`‡ei evYx cÖPvi K‡ib| Zvuiv g‡b K‡ib †kÖYx, eY©,

†RÐvi, b„ZË¡ wKsev ag© wbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB m„wóKZ©vi Abb¨ cÖKvk|

†`‡ni g‡a¨ Aby‡gqiƒ‡c weivRgvb i‡q‡Q †h mnRvZ ‰è GB ‰`‡ei Dcjwä Ki‡Z

¸iægyLx mvabv cÖ‡qvRb, G‡¶‡Î Ans wel‡q ¸iæi wb‡ ©wkZ cÖwk¶Y cÖ‡qvRb (PµeZ©x 1992,

Sv 2008, Openshaw 2002, kixd 2009)| dwKiiv msL¨vq Kg| Zv‡ì Dci GLbI

†Kv‡bv Rwic nqwb| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b Zv‡ì cÖfve Acwimxg| jvjb av‡g

cÖwZeQi †h †`vj Drme I wZ‡ivavb wèm cvjb Kiv nq †mLv‡b kû‡i wkw¶Z †jvKmn nvRvi

nvRvi †jvK †hvM †`b| ce© `ywU‡Z, AšÍZ:c‡¶ yBw`b a‡i, AskMÖnYKvixiv Zuv‡ì wbR¯

AvPvi, ixwZbxwZ cvjb K‡ib Ges Mvb evRbv K‡ib| Abyôvb `ywUi Lei RvZxq †Uwjwfkb

P¨v‡bj, †iwWI †÷k‡b cÖPv‡ii cvkvcvwk msev`c‡ÎI cÖKvwkZ nq|

*M‡elK, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elYv cÖwZôvb|

44 evsjv‡`k Dbœqb mgx¶v

dwKiiv Zvu‡ì wfbœgZvej¤^x Rxebavivi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| Zvuiv D”P-bxP †RÐvi ¯Íiweb¨v‡mi

aviYv cv‡ë †`b (Knight 2011, McDaniel 1992), RvwZe‡Y©i ï×Zv I ¯Íiweb¨vm‡K

D‡c¶v K‡ib, m„wóKZ©vi AbšÍ iƒc wn‡m‡e ÒmnR gvbylÓ I †MvUv gvbe m¤cÖ`vq‡K wWfvBb

g‡b K‡ib ((PµeZ©x 1989, Jha 1995, Sv 2010, Openshaw 2002)| dwKi‡ì wfbœgvM©xq

Abykxjb‡K wN‡i mvgvwRK mgv‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| jvj‡bi Abymvixiv mvaviYZ `wi`ª, cÖvwšÍK

Rb‡Mvôx Ges Zv‡ì †ewkifvMB wbi¶i| wfbœgvM©xq AvPvi Abyôvb cvj‡bi Rb¨ kvšÍ I

wbivc` ’vb cÖ‡qvRb| †mj‡¶¨ dwKiiv mvaviYZ mviv‡`‡k MÖv‡gi yM©g GjvKv¸‡jv †e‡Q

†bq| mvayiv mgv‡Ri †ewkifvM †jv‡Ki aviv †_‡K wew”Qbœ nIqvq Zviv `ye¨©envi, Aegvbbv

QvovI cÖvqB kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| 2016 mv‡ji 31 RyjvB ¯’vbxq msev`c‡Îi GK

cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq †h, PyqvWv½vi GKUv cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g AcwiwPZ `y®‹…ZKvixiv `yRb evDj‡K nZ¨v

K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì AvLovq Av¸b awi‡q w`‡q‡Q| Gi yB mßv‡niI Kg mgq Av‡M H GKB

†Rjvq PviRb evDj‡K AvµgY Kiv nq Ges AvnZ Kiv nq| `„®‹…ZKvixiv Zv‡ì‡K †eu‡a †i‡L

Zv‡ì Pyj †K‡U †`q Ges Zv‡ì evwo‡Z Av¸b awi‡q †`q1 (1)| dwKi‡ì cÖwZ GB weiƒc

g‡bvfve A‡bK w`‡bi cyiv‡bv| wn›`y I gymwjg Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ †KD †KD dwKi‡ì

AcQ›` K‡ib (Sv 2002)| †Pxayix (2009 L: 987-995) D‡jøL K‡ib, Dwbk I wek kZ‡Ki

weL¨vZ †jLK †gxjfx Avãyj Iqvjx, gyÝx Gg`v` Avjx Ges gvIjvbv AvKivg Lvu jvjb I Zvi

Abymvix‡ì Bmjvg we‡ivax e‡j †`vlx mve¨šÍ K‡ib| evDj-dwKi‡ì wel‡q mvgvwRK GB

†bwZevPK g‡bvfve A‡bK w`‡bi; Z‡e KL‡bv KL‡bv †mB weiƒc g‡bvfve dwKi‡ì Dci

kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡b iƒc †bq|

hwÌ dwKiiv msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi, ZeyI Zvu‡ì Mvb evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½

RbwcÖq| nvRvi nvRvi †jvK Kywóqvi †QDwoqvi jvjb av‡g evrmwiK Drm‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|

Zv‡ì Abyôv‡bi Lei MYgva¨‡g djvI K‡i cÖPvi Kiv nq| GKBfv‡e fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ be¨

evey mgv‡Ri weKv‡ki d‡j kn‡i emevmKvix D”Pga¨weË mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ evDj

msMx‡Zi cÖwZ GK we‡kl AvMÖn j¶ Kiv hvq Ges Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB evDj msMx‡Zi c„ô‡cvlK

wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib (Lorea 2014:87)| evDj msMx‡Zi cÖwZ `k©K‡ì e¨vcK g‡bv‡hvM

AvKl©‡Yi d‡j mvay‡ì myweav I Amyweav `yBB n‡q‡Q| GKw`‡K dwKiiv wbqwgZ Le‡ii KvMR

I †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡b‡j cÖPvi †c‡q‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K miKvwi KZ©…c¶ ax‡i ax‡i dwKi‡ì Dci Zv‡ì

wbqš¿Y evov‡”Q| GLb miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M jvjb av‡gi cv‡ki †Lvjv gv‡V †`‡ki RbwcÖq wkíx-

eyw×Rxex-miKvwi cÖwZwbwa‡ì wb‡q dwKi‡ì Abyôv‡bi mgvšÍiv‡j Av‡iKwU mvs¯‹…wZK

Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb nq| dwKi‡ì y‡Uv evrmwiK Abyôv‡bi w`‡b, GKB mg‡q miKv‡ii cÖZ¨ÿ

mn‡hvMxZvq H ccyjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| d‡j ‡QDwoqvi jvjbav‡g Abyôvb Av‡qvR‡b

dwKi‡ì GKK wbqš¿Y Avi †bB| wKfv‡e miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi wewfbœ Kg©KvÐ mgmvgwqK

1 bauls assaulted in Chuadanga, wk‡ivbv‡g w` †WBwj ÷vi cwÎKvq 2018 mv‡j gvP© gv‡ì 7

Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ GKwU wi‡cv‡U© ejv nq PyqvWv½vq yBRb evDj‡K kvixwiKfv‡e wbh©vZb Kiv nq|

wi‡cvU©wU †bqv n‡q‡Q GLvb †_‡Kt http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/2-bauls-assaulted-

chuadanga-1262032

http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/2-bauls-assaulted-chuadanga-1262032

http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/2-bauls-assaulted-chuadanga-1262032

gRyg`vi: AvPv‡i wfbœ, msL¨vq bMY¨ evDj-dwKi I ivó« 45

evsjv‡`‡ki dwKi‡ì AvwZ¥K PP©vi aviv‡K †Kv-Ac‡UW ev my‡KŠk‡j wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv GB cÖe‡Ü

Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

†KvAc‡Ukb ej‡Z GKwU cÖwµqv‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b we`¨gvb eë¯’v cy‡ivcywi evwZj nq

bv, wKš‘ †m eë¯’vi cÖv_wgK A_© e`‡j wM‡q eis GKwU wfbœ wfbœ j‡¶ï w`‡K avweZ nq

(Stratigaki 2004:36)| G‡¶‡Î dwKi‡ì Abykxj‡bi ‰eaZv wb‡q mivmwi cÖkœ †Zvjv nq bv

wVKB, wKš‘ H me AvPvi Abyôv‡b †h AvšÍwiKZv I g‡bv‡hvM cÖ‡qvRb †mUv‡K †QvU K‡i †`Lv

nq| Coy and Hedeen (2005) †Kv-Ac‡Ukb cÖwµqvi `y‡Uv ‰ewkó¨ Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb Gamson

(1969), Lacy (1982) I Selznick (1949) ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i| G¸‡jv n‡jv ¶gZvmxb I

A‡c¶vK…Z Kg ¶gZvmxb‡ì g‡a¨ Ø›Ø I ûgwK| ¶gZvmxb KZ©…c¶ Ges mvaK‡ì g‡a¨ GK

ai‡bi bxie Ø›Ø Pjgvb `xN©w`b a‡i| GB Ø‡›Øi GKUv ¯úó dj n‡”Q Kywóqvi jvjb av‡gi

eë¯’vcbvi wel‡q dwKi‡ì GKK AvwacZ¨ Avi _vK‡Q bv|

†Kv-Ac‡Ukb memgq GKcvw¶K nq bv| KLbI KLbI Ø‡Ø RwoZ Dfq c‡¶i ¯^v_©B

wKQyUv ¶yYœ n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc ‰ewk¦K I ¯’vbxq K‡c©v‡iU †Mvôx‡K †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z

Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi ivR‰bwZK msMVKiv Democratic Underground, Free Republic,

Indymedia, Ges Move On Gi g‡Zv †dvivg MVb K‡i B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³ eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i

(Pickard 2008)| wecixZfv‡e GKwU cÖavb avivi wgwWqv †hgb wmGbGb AvB wi‡cvU© ‰Zwi

K‡i bvMwiK mvsevw`KZvi GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Uyj‡K my‡KŠk‡j wb‡R‡ì ¯v‡_© eënvi Ki‡Q

(Pickard 2008)| dwKi‡ì bvbvwea Abyôvb wgwWqvq cÖPvi nIqvq Zv‡ì cwiwPwZ I

RbwcÖqZv †eo‡Q, wKš‘ GB RbwcÖqZv G‡m‡Q Povg~‡jï wewbg‡q| ‡mUv n‡jv ¸iæ‡K› ªxK

dwKwiavivi RxebPP©vi cÖwZ jvjb AbyivMx mvaviY gvby‡li AvMÖn A‡bK K‡g‡Q|

G wbe‡Üi g~j wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M GKwU welq cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q ¯úó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

dwKi‡ì Rxeb PP©vq ivó« wKsev wmwfj mgv‡Ri †h n Í‡¶c Zv g~jZ Zv‡ì eo eo Abyôvb‡K

wN‡i| †hgb, †QDwoqvi jvjb av‡gi evrmwiK Av‡qvRb| Ab¨w`‡K mvay‡ì ‰`bw›`b †h

Kvh©Kjvc †m wel‡q iv‡ó«i ev mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ cÖfvekvjx †Mvôxi †Zgb †Kv‡bv AvMÖn †`Lv hvq

bv| GB AbvMÖ‡ni KviY m¤¢eZ dwKi‡ì ‰`bw›`b Hme Abyôv‡b MYgva¨‡gi Abycw ’wZ|

MYgva¨‡gi ev mvsevw`K‡ì Kg AvMÖ‡ni myev‡` dwKiiv mvaviYZ Zv‡ì cÖwZw`‡bi PP©vq ivó«

ev wmwfj mgv‡Ri AbvKvw•LZ †Kv‡bv n¯Í‡¶‡ci wkKvi nb bv| mvayiv †h Zv‡ì AvLov wn‡m‡e

Rbwew”Qbœ GKwU RvqMv †e‡Q †bb, Zvi KviY, GB wew”QbœZvi Kvi‡YB dwKiiv Zv‡ì wfbœ

AvPvi-AvPiY cvj‡bi ¯vaxbZv cvb| hwÌ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi DbœwZ I bZyb bZyb cÖhyw³i

Kvi‡Y (‡hgb, †gvevBj †dvb I B›Uvi‡bU) mvay‡ì AvKvw•LZ wew”QbœZv I ¯^vaxbZv a‡i ivLv

µgk A‡bK †ewk KwVb n‡q co‡Q|

2| M‡elYv c×wZ

G_‡bvMÖvwdK M‡elYvi Ask wn‡m‡e †jLK 2014 mv‡ji Ryb †_‡K A‡±vei gv‡mi g‡a¨

wewQbœ mg‡q Kywóqv I †g‡nicyi †Rjvi cÖZ¨šÍ MÖvg¸‡jvi AvLovq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Kywóqvi


†QDwiqv‡Z 2014 mv‡ji 16-20 A‡±vei AbywôZ 124 Zg jvjb wZ‡ivavb wè‡m dwKi‡ì

evrmwiK Abyôv‡b Avwg †hvM w`‡qwQjvg| 2017 mv‡ji b‡f¤î I wW‡m¤‡i dwKi‡ì Avwg

Av‡iK `dv mv¶vZKvi MÖnY Kwi| Kywóqvi †QDwoqv‡Z jvjb wZ‡ivavb wè‡m dwKi‡ì

evrmwiK Abyôv‡b AskMÖn‡Yi AwfÁZvi Dci wfwË K‡i Avwg GB wbeÜ †jLv n‡q‡Q| GB

AbyôvbwU wbqwgZfv‡e cÖwZeQi KvwZ©K gv‡mi cÖ_g w`b AbywôZ nq| 2014 mv‡j AbyôvbwU 16

A‡±vei †_‡K ïiæ n‡q cvuPw`b P‡jwQj| Dciš‘, 2017 mv‡j AbywôZ jvjb wZ‡ivavb wè‡mi

Dci Avwg Le‡ii KvM‡Ri wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e`‡b we‡kølY K‡iwQ (Content Analysis)|

DMÖ †Mvôxi m¤¢ve¨ AvµgY †_‡K dwKi‡ì i¶v Kivi miKvwi bvbvwea D‡`¨vM‡K jvj‡bi

Abymvixiv KZUv g~j¨vqb K‡ib Zv Avwg mvay‡ì mv‡_ _vKv Ae¯’vq cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ| jvjbav‡gi

evrmwiK Drme Av‡qvR‡b miKv‡ii n Í‡¶‡c ¸iæiv wKQyUv Amš‘wó cÖKvk K‡ib| GKw`‡K

jvj‡bi Mv‡bi cÖwZ wkw¶Z ZiæY‡ì AvMÖn e„w×‡K dwKiiv ¯^vMZ Rvbvq, Ab¨w`‡K dwKi‡ì

AvLov‡Kw›`ªK ¸iæev`x AvwZ¥K PP©vi cÖwZ AvMÖn K‡g hvIqvq DrKÚv cÖKvk K‡i| jvjb

wZ‡ivavb wè‡mi evrmwiK wewfbœ Abyôv‡b RbM‡Yi Dcw ’wZ‡K ¸iæiv †gvUv`v‡M BwZevPK g‡b

K‡i| Z‡e jvjbav‡gi Hme Abyôv‡b dwKiiv AvPvi-Abyôvb cvj‡bi myweavRbK cwi‡ek bv

cvIqvq Ges Dcw¯’Z e¨w³e‡M©i g‡a¨ Abyiv‡Mi Afve _vKvq ¸iæiv †ek Amš‘ó|

GB M‡elYvi †ek K‡qKwU mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| GB M‡elYvi g‡a¨ †Kej dwKi I ¸iæi

gZvgZ we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì, †hgb jvjb GKv‡Wgxi cÖwZwbwa‡ì,

¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKvwi Kg©KZ©v Ges wewfbœ msev`cÎ I wUwf P¨v‡bj¸‡jvi cÖwZwbwa‡ì

gZvgZ we‡ePbvq †bqv nqwb| G wel‡q cieZ©x‡Z †gŠwjK M‡elYv n‡Z cv‡i|

G cÖe‡Üi evwK Ask wZbwU cwi”Q‡` fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡` Avwg †`Lv‡Z

†P‡qwQ ¯’vbxq miKvwi, †emiKvwi bvbv c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g mvay‡ì ÔcweÎÕ jvjbavg

i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Kv‡R dwKi‡ì GKK AwaKvi wKfv‡e Le© n‡q‡Q| dwK‡ii bvbwea AvPvi ev

Kg©m~wP‡Z mvaviY AbyivMx ev †Kv‡bv ¸iæi f³ bq Ggb †jv‡K‡ì wKfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z

†`qv hvq †m wel‡q dwKi‡ì gZvg‡Zi GKK ¸iæZ¡ Avi iB‡jv bv| mvay‡ì cweÎ ¯’vb e‡j

we‡ewPZ ¯’vbwU‡Z mvabvi Rb¨ GKUv myweavRbK cwi‡ek ‰Zwi Kivi †¶‡Î dwKiiv Zv‡ì

GKK KZ©…Z¡ nviv‡jv|GB cwi‡”Q‡` Avwg †`Lv‡ev dwKi‡ì GB evrmwiK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AvPvi

wKfv‡e GKwU MZvbyMwZK KvjPvivj †cÖvMÖvg ev mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wP‡Z iƒc wb‡q‡Q| wØZxq

cwi‡”Q‡`, dwKi‡ì, we‡kl K‡i jvj‡bi Mv‡bi RbwcÖqZv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ ¸iæi Kv‡Q

`xw¶Z n‡q `xN‡gqvw` ¸iæev`x dwKwi avivq cÖwZkÖæwZe× nIqvi cÖwZ mvaviY †jv‡Ki AvMÖn

†Kb K‡g hv‡”Q †m wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| Avwg we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev †Kb jvjb

MxwZi RbwcÖq wkíxiv ¸iæi wbKU wb‡R‡ì mgc©‡Y wØav K‡i| GgbI †`Lv hvq ¸iæi Kv‡Q

`xw¶Z n‡jI A‡b‡KB dwKi nIqvi Rb¨ AvšÍwiK AbyivM wb‡q wbqwgZfv‡e AvPvi-Abyôvb

cvj‡b e¨_© nq| GKwbô †meK nIqvi †¶‡Î ZiæY‡ì AbvMÖ‡ni GKUv cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e †`Lv

hvq Zv‡ì †KD †KD ¸iæi `x¶v wb‡q mvay n‡Z bv †P‡q eis †mŠwLb evDj n‡Z Pvq| me †k‡l

†`Lv‡bv n‡e wbQK GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e a‡i ivL‡Z A`xw¶Z ZiæY‡ì g‡a¨ wKfv‡e


jvj‡bi Mvb‡K RbwcÖq Kivi Rb¨ †Póv Pj‡Q| BD‡b‡¯‹vi mnvqZvq evsjv‡`k wkíKjv

GKv‡Wgx GB ai‡bi GKwU D‡`¨vM nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q|

3| wbR †`‡k cievmx dwKi

dwKiiv wKfv‡e wbR †`‡k cievmx Rxebhvcb K‡i †m wel‡q y‡Uv w`K GB As‡k

Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| cÖ_‡g Avwg Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev wKfv‡e mvaKiv jvjbav‡gi eë¯’vcbvq

wb‡R‡ì GKK KZ©…Z¡ nviv‡jv| Gici Avwg †`Lv‡ev wKfv‡e ¯’vbxq miKvwi KZ©…c¶ jvjb

av‡gi KvQvKvwQ GKUv †Lvjv gv‡V dwKi‡ì mvaym‡½i w`‡b Avjv`v g‡Â GKB mg‡q RbwcÖq

mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wP Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g wfbœgZvej¤^x mvaK‡ì †Kv-AcU K‡i|

Kywóqvi †QDwoqvi jvj‡bi AvLov eûw`b a‡i dwKiiv GKKfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zv| 1890

mv‡j jvj‡bi wZ‡ivav‡bi c‡iB dwKiiv Ôjvjb gvRvi I †mevm`b i¶v KwgwUÕ bv‡g GKwU

KwgwU MVb K‡i jvjb av‡g ywU evrmwiK Abyôvb Av‡qvR‡bi Rb¨| 1894 mv‡j GKRb ¯’vbxq

miKvwi Kg©KZ©v dwKi‡ì Kg©KvÐ‡K Bmjvg m¤§Z bq e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib Ges mvay‡ì‡K

Zv‡ì avg ev ¯’vb Z¨vM Kivi wb‡ ©k †`b| 1984 mv‡ji 17 A‡±vei ZrKvjxb †Rjv cÖkvmb

jvjb gvRv‡i GKUv mfv K‡i Ges ZLbKvi †Rjv cÖkvmK dwKi‡ì †Rvi K‡i ZIev cvV K‡i

BmjvwgK kixqvi c‡_ evDj‡ì wd‡i Avmvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| †Rjv cÖkvmK jvj‡bi Mvb MvIqv

eÜ Kivi Rb¨ evDj‡ì wb‡ ©k †`b (Aman 2011)|

wKš‘ dwKiiv Zvu‡ì me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ava¨vwZ¥K ’vb, mvuBwRi avg, Z¨vM Ki‡Z A¯xK…wZ

Rvbvb (Masahiko 2013)| cÖkvm‡bi ûKyg Agvb¨ Kivi Aciv‡a Dcw ’Z cywjk evwnbx

dwKi‡ì fxlYfv‡e cÖnvi K‡i Ges Kw_Z cweÎ RvqMv †_‡K †Rvic~e©K Zv‡ì‡K D‡”Q`

K‡i| G‡Z A‡bK dwKi AvnZ nb| weivUkvn bvgK GKRb dwKi AvnZ Ae¯’vq K‡qKw`b

_vKvi ci gviv hvb| dwKi jvjb kvn †mev m`b i¶v KwgwUi e¨vbv‡i dwKi g›Uy kv‡ni

†bZ…Z¡vaxb wmwbqi ¸iæiv ZLb jvjb av‡g miKvwi n Í‡¶‡ci weiæ‡× msNe× Av‡›`vjb ïiæ

K‡ib| ZLb †_‡KB dwKi‡ì mv‡_ ’vbxq miKvi I iv‡ó«i ‰eix m¤ú©‡K©i m~Pbv nq| dwKi‡ì

c¶ †_‡K g›Uykvn miKvi I mswkøó‡ì wec‡¶ gvgjv `v‡qi K‡ib| hwÌ Av`vjZ dwKi‡ì

c‡¶ ivq †`q, A`¨vewa G iv‡qi ev Íevqb nqwb| eis 1997 mv‡j Z`vbxšÍb miKvi jvjb

av‡gi cv‡k GKwU cvuP Zjv wewìs wbg©vY K‡i †mLv‡b jvB‡eªix, hv`yNi, msMxZ wb‡KZb I

AwZw_kvjv wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbvi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib (Masahiko 2013:7)| miKv‡ii

AcÖZ¨vwkZ n Í‡¶‡ci cÖwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q †mmgq wmwfj mgv‡Ri m`mïv ivRavbx kni

XvKvq GKwU RvZxq KwgwU MVb K‡i| GB KwgwU‡Z wQ‡jb Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb Ges wmivRyj

Bmjvg †Pxayixmn K‡qKRb L¨vwZgvb wek¦we`¨vjq wk¶K| cÖwZev` m‡Ë¡I miKvi †kl ch©šÍ

feb wbg©vY KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| G‡Z dwKiiv gg©vnZ nq| †mB †_‡K dwKiiv Zuv‡ì wbR ‡`‡k

cievmx|

2014 mv‡ji 16B A‡±vei mÜ¨vq, Avwg jvjb wZ‡ivavb Drm‡e †hvM w`‡Z XvKv †_‡K

Kywóqvi †QDwo‡Z hvq| GLv‡b g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h dwKiiv mvaviYZ e‡jb bv †h jvjb gviv


†M‡Qb| Zviv wZ‡ivavb kãwU eënvi K‡ib| Rxeb I g„Zy¨ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì Dcjwä n‡jv ïiæ ev

†kl bq eis GKUv Aa¨vq †_‡K Av‡iKwU Aa¨v‡q iƒcvšÍi| Zviv cybR©‡b¥ wekvm K‡i| hLb

Avwg av‡gi w`‡K hvw”Qjvg, †XvKvi c‡_ j¶ Kijvg cy‡iv RvqMvwU me eq‡mi †jvKR‡b

AvKxY©| hLb Avwg cÖvq GK wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i, ZLbB Avwg †`L‡Z †cjvg iv Ívi cvk w`‡q mvwi

mvwi †`vKvb| ‡mLv‡b n‡iK iK‡gi Lvevi, GKZviv, eB Ges †Ljbv wewµ n‡”Q| g~j RvqMvq

cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cÖavb †M‡Ui Wvbw`‡K G‡ZvUvB wfo wQj †h Avgv‡K wewìs Kg‡cø‡·i wfZ‡i

†h‡Z †Vjv‡Vwj K†i RvqMv K‡i wb‡Z n‡jv| †h‡nZy iv Ívi Dfq cvk nKvi‡ì `L‡j ZvB

`k©bv_©xiv GKwUgvÎ jvBb ‰Zwi K†i wfZ‡i hvw”Qj Avi †ei nw”Qj| nvRvi bv n‡jI, kZ kZ

†jvK‡K Zv‡ì Nvo KvZ K‡i PjvPj Ki‡Z nw”Qj| wfZ‡i †Kv‡bv Lvwj RvqMv wQj bv|

RbZv‡K AbymiY K‡i, Avwg †kl ch©šÍ wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z m¶g njvg| Avwg ZLb AviI j¶

Kijvg, `yB w`‡K RbZvi wfo| cÖ‡ek c‡_i evg w`‡K Avwg weL¨vZ ¯’vbwU †`Ljvg, †hLv‡b

jvjb kvn‡K mgvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi Wvbw`‡K GKUv mv`v feb Av‡Q, hvi GKZjv Av¶wiK

A‡_© †jvKR‡b ficyi| Zv‡ì gv‡S Aí K‡qKRb mv`v †cvkvK cwiwnZ dwKi †Mvj n‡q e‡m

Av‡Qb| dwKi‡ì Pviw`‡K wN‡i Av‡Q AmsL¨ `k©Yv_©x| A_P j¶ Kivi welq †h, mv`v †cvkvK

cwiwnZ dwKi ev ¸iæi msL¨v wQj gvÎ K‡qKRb|

cy‡iv febwU Sjg‡j Av‡jvq mymw¾Z| me‡P‡q ev‡gi w`‡Ki febwUi GKwU †d¬v‡i jvjb

Rv`yNi, †hwU ¯’vbxq miKvi ‰Zwi K‡i‡Q| gv‡Si febwU‡Z dwKiiv e‡m Av‡Q| mgv‡e‡k Avwg

wKQy dwKi †`Ljvg, hv‡ì GKRb dwKi †`ŠjZkvn| wZwb Rv`yNi fe‡bi †fZ‡i RvqMv bv

†c‡q eviv›`vq RvqMv K‡i em‡jb| dwKi kni kvn f³‡ì gva¨‡g jvjb av‡gi Wvbw`‡K

cÖavb fe‡b Zuvi emvi RvqMv Av‡MB wbwðZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Avwg Kó K‡i hLb H GjvKvi g‡a¨

cÖ‡ek Kwi, ZLb †`wL eo fe‡bi mvg‡b GKUv †QvU RvqMv Av‡Q| H †QvÆ RvqMvwUB jvj‡bi

gvRvi| jvj‡bi mgvwai wVK Wvb cv‡kB jvj‡bi `x¶v ¸iæ gwZRvb wewei Kei| †jvKRb

†mLv‡b hvb Zv‡ì fvjevmv I kÖ×v Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨, cweÎ AvZ¥v‡ì kvwšÍ Kvgbv K‡ib|

AwaKvsk `k©Yv_©x `xw¶Z bq| A‡b‡KB ~ieZ©x ¯’vb †_‡K G‡m‡Qb| mgv‡e‡ki Av‡iKwU

D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K n‡jv bvbvb ai‡bi mvaK‡ì Dcw ’wZ|Zv‡ì †KD †KD †Miæqv is‡qi †cvkvK

c‡i‡Qb hv jvjb Abymvix‡ì †cvkvK bq| ‡KD †KD mydx HwZ‡nï Abymvix Ges †KD †KD

‰eòë a‡g©i Abymvix| wewfbœ AvwZ¥K HwZ‡nï Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK Abymvix Drm‡ei ’‡j G‡m‡Qb|

†KD †KD cÖ‡ek c‡_i `yB cv‡k e‡m Av‡Qb iæ`ªv¶xi gvjv c‡i, hv ¯’vbwU‡K ‰ewPÎ¨gq K‡i

Zy‡j‡Q|

febwU‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki ci Avwg †`Ljvg AmsL¨ `k©Yv_©x dwKi‡ì wN‡i Av‡Q| Abyôv‡b

AskMÖnYKvixiv G‡Ki ci GK jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Qb| Zvu‡ì A‡bK f³ G‡m ixwZ

Abymv‡i ¸iæi cv Py¤^b Ki‡jv| Zv‡ì †KD †KD jvj‡bi Mvb I Ab¨vb¨ AvwZ¥K mvab-Abykxjb

welqK Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡jv| AviI †`Lv †M‡jv †h, ¸iæiv gvSvgvwS RvqMvq K‡qKRb

f³‡K wb‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| `k©Yv_©xiv AweiZ fe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q mv`v †cvkvK cwiwnZ dwKi‡ì

Mvb ïb‡Z| `k©Yv_©xiv GK`j dwK‡ii cv‡k `vuwo‡q Aí wKQy¶Y mgq Mvb ïb‡Q| Gici

Av‡iKwU `‡ji Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q| †ek RbvKxY© ¯’v‡b `k©Yv_©x‡ì Aweivg


PjvP‡ji g‡a¨ dwKiiv gv‡S gv‡S av°v Lv‡”Q| Avwg kvgm2 dwK‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kijvg|

Av‡jvPbvi GK ch©v‡q kvgm dwKi Zvui nZvkvi K_v ej‡jb Ges civgk© w`‡jb †h KZ©…c‡¶i

DwPZ `k©Yv_©x‡ì Ggbfv‡e em‡Z ev _vK‡Z ejv hv‡Z mvaKiv myôyfv‡e fe‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì

AvPvi cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Mvb MvB‡Z cv‡ib|

febwUi g‡a¨ `k©Yv_©xiv Av¶wiK A‡_© †g‡S‡Z e‡m _vKv K‡qKRb dwKi‡K wN‡i e‡m

Av‡Q| e¨vcK msL¨K †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z dwKiiv GKw`‡K †hgb fxlb Lywk †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K

Lye DwØMœ| dwKi jvj‡bi cÖwZ AmsL¨ gvby‡li AvMÖn †`‡L GKw`‡K dwKiiv Lykx, Ab¨w`‡K

†meK‡ì g‡a¨ AvPvi Abyôvb cvj‡bi Rb¨ †h wbôv I fw³ ìKvi Zvi Afv‡e D‡`¨v³viv

DwØMœ| dwKi I `k©Yv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ Nwbô m¤úK© _vKvUv Zv‡ì Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mvabvi Rxeb

m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ wel‡q K_v ejv I Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ kvixwiK ‰bKUÏ cÖ‡qvRb|

hvB‡nvK, D‡`¨v³v I `k©Yv_©xiv ¸iæi mvg‡b gv_vbxPy K‡i fw³ Rvbvq Ges ¸iæivI `k©Yv_©x‡ì

gv_vq nvZ eywj‡q †`q| Avwg j¶ Kijvg †h, ¸iæ I wk‡lï g‡a¨ GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi m¤úK©

hvi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú‡K©i A‡bK eo eëavb|

kni dwKi Ges Zuvi `j fe‡bi g‡a¨ GK †Kv‡Y e‡m jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekb

KiwQj|GLv‡b K‡qKwU welq j¶Yxq wQj| mgv‡e‡k Mvb cwi‡ekb Kiv dwKi‡ì Rb¨

MZvbyMwZK welq n‡jI jvBf wUwf K¨v‡givi Dcw¯’wZ A‡c¶vK…Z bZyb welq| kni dwKi

Avgv‡K Rvbv‡jb †h, Zuvi `‡ji cwi‡ekbv RvZxq †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡b‡j mivmwi cÖPvi Kiv

n‡q‡Q| kni dwKi wb‡RB GKRb K‡j‡Ri mœvZK Ges GKwU cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡eK

÷vd| Zuvi mvsevw`K I wUwf P¨v‡b‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q| wZwb Zuvi cvidi‡gÝ mivmwi

m¤cÖPvi K‡ib| kni dwKi GKRb e¨wZµgx mvay, whwb Zuvi K‡c©v‡iU PvKwi †Q‡o w`‡q mvaK

n‡q D‡Vb| GKRb cÖv³b K‡c©v‡iU PvKwiRxex wn‡m‡e Zuvi wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv I mvgvwRK

gh©v`v we‡ePbv K‡i kni dwKi ¯’vbxq miKvi KZ©…c‡¶i mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤úK© ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb| GB

miKvic¶B evrmwiK Abyôvb D`hvc‡bi mvsMVwbK KwgwU Ges ¯’vbxq I RvZxq msev`cÎ I

wUwf mvsevw`K‡ì m`m¨| wZwb GKevi Zuvi ¯^cœ wb‡q e‡jwQ‡jb †h, wZwb jvjb dwK‡ii

Kg©Kv†Ði cÖwZ wkw¶Z ZiæY‡ì AvK…ó Kivi gva¨‡g evDj‡ì g‡a¨ bZyb aviv ‰Zwi Ki‡Z

Pvb| Zuvi g‡Z, A‡bK †meKB Rv‡bbv Zv‡ì †mev †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wZwb e‡jb, wZwb Log

c‡ib| kni dwKi †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb †h, me dwKi‡ì DwPZ Log civ, Ab¨‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi RyZv

cwinvi Kiv| GKw`‡K Zv‡K †`‡L g‡b n‡Z cv‡i wZwb †Mvov; Ab¨w`‡K kni dwKi wUwf

P¨v‡bj wKsev msev`c‡Îi cÖPvi †c‡Z we‡kl AvMÖnx| kni dwKi AviI e‡jb Ôn‡KiNiÕ bv‡g

jvjb av‡gi Dci GKwU WKy‡g›Uvwi ‰Zwi Ki‡Z wZwb mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB

WKy‡g›Uvwi‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKfv‡e KZ©…c¶ mvaK‡ì me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’v‡bi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi

Kv‡R dwKi‡ì GKK KZ©…Z¡ Le© K‡i‡Qb|

2GB wbe‡Ü dwKi‡ì cÖK…Z bvg bv eënvi bv K‡i QÙbvg eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| QÙbvg¸‡jv Kv‡iv cÖK…Z

bv‡gi mv‡_ wg‡j †M‡j Zv wbZvšÍB KvKZvZvjxq|


dwKi‡ì wb‡q ‰Zwi Kiv †mevm`b KwgwU A‡bK `kK a‡i jvjb av‡g wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi

Av‡qvRb K‡i Avm‡Q, wKš‘ ¯’vbxq †Rjv Kg©KZ©viv jvjb GKv‡Wgxi c‡¶ ax‡i ax‡i H ’v‡b

evrmwiK Abyôv‡bi Dci cÖfve LvwU‡q Avm‡Q| dwKi KwgwUi mv‡eK †bZv wQ‡jb dwKi g›Uy

kvn| wZwb 2011 mv‡j gviv hvb| dwKi‡ì Kvh©Ki †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡e ¯’vbxq miKvi KZ©…c¶

Kvh©Z av‡gi wbqš¿Y K‡ib| hvi GKwU we‡kl cÖgvY ¯’vbxq †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GKUv

Avjv`v KwgwU MVb| H KwgwU jvjb av‡gi cv‡ki †Lvjv gv‡V mvay‡ì Abyôv‡bi mgvšÍiv‡j

Av‡iKwU mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wPi Av‡qvRb ïiæ K‡i‡Q| jvjbav‡g †XvKvi c‡_ Wvbw`‡K GKUv

wekvj eo †Lvjv RvqMv Av‡Q †hLv‡b ivó«‡NvwlZ Abyiƒc mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wP mvaviYZ AbywôZ

nq| Avwg hLb †÷‡Ri mvg‡b nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki mgv‡ek cÖ_gevi †`Ljvg, Avwg fvejvg,

GUv GKUv Avjv`v Kg©m~wP n‡Z cv‡i| GUv wQj jvjb wZ‡ivav‡bi Dci ivó«c¶ Av‡qvwRZ

Kg©mywP| jvjb GKv‡Wgx Kvh©Kix cwil` KwgwU H Kg©m~wPi Av‡qvRb K‡i| G KwgwU me©`vB

¯’vbxq †Rjv Kwgkbv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ nq| Abyôv‡bi g‡a¨ _v‡K ’vbxq miKvi

cÖwZwbwa‡ì e³…Zv, gv‡S gv‡S gš¿x‡ì, M‡elK‡ì Ges eyw×Rxwe‡ì e³…Zv Ges †mB mv‡_

RbwcÖq wkíx‡ì cwi‡ekbv| ‡h welqwU Abyôvb‡K e¨vcK RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡j Zv n‡jv weL¨vZ

wkíx‡ì mivmwi cwi‡ekbv|

GB wekvj gÂ I Zvi mvg‡bi wekvj RbmgvMg AvgRbZvi g‡a¨ GB Abyôv‡bi e¨vcK

RbwcÖqZvi Bw½Z w`‡jI g‡Âi Abyôvb A‡bKUv MZvbyMwZK mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wPi g‡ZvB g‡b

nq| fe‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i e‡m _vKv ¸wU K‡qK wkíx‡K RbwcÖq cÖ`k©bxi cÖavb AvKl©Y e‡j g‡b

n‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K wekvj gÂ, RbwcÖq wkíx‡ì Dcw ’wZ Ges miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡ì Dcw ’wZ †`‡L

dwKi‡ì RbwcÖqZv †evSv hvq| dwKiiv, we‡kl K‡i jvjb, eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi g‡a¨

A‡bK RbwcÖq, wKš‘ GB RbwcÖqZv G‡m‡Q Pov g~‡jï wewbg‡q| jvj‡bi Mv‡bi cÖksmvKvix

†jv‡Ki msL¨v mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`‡k e„w× †c‡jI ¸iæi `x¶v wb‡Z PvIqvi Ges dwKwi PP©vq

mviv Rxeb KvVv‡bvi AvMÖn w`b w`b Kg‡Q| kni dwKi gšÍe¨ K‡ib, GB mg‡q (2017 mv‡ji

A‡±ve‡i) RbZvi Xj †b‡gwQj jvjb av‡gi evrmwiK Drm‡e| G‡Zv †jv‡Ki Xj ‡b‡gwQj †h,

jvjb av‡g _vK‡Z cwjw_b weQv‡Z n‡qwQj| Kg©m~wP‡Z AsknYKvix †jv‡Ki msL¨v cÖPyi e„w×

†c‡qwQj| Zuvi g‡Z, MZ-Qq mvZ eQ‡i GZ †jv‡Ki mgvMg av‡g Avi nqwb|

Dciš‘ AZx‡Z GgbwKQy K`vwPr N‡U hvIqv NUbv mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q NU‡Q| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

wkw¶Z ZiæYmn †`‡ki cÖ_g mvwii mvsevw`K, cÖwZfvevb Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv‡ì cvkvcvwk wKQy

cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwbi cÖv³b Kg©x‡KI f³ n‡q DV‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q| kni dwKi GB mg‡q cÖK…Z

mvayi Afve m¤ú‡K© D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡ib| mvayivI wk¶vbwek‡ì g‡a¨ AvšÍwiKZv I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi

Afve m¤ú‡K© D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡ib| mvay‡ì Mvb cwi‡ekbvi evwYwR¨KxKi‡Yi wel‡q D‡ØM

cÖKvk K‡ib| iBm dwKi Av‡¶c K‡i e‡jb Zuvi f³‡ì g‡a¨ †KDB †LjvdZ cvIqvi †hvM¨

bq| cieZ©x‡Z 2018 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m Aek¨ wZwb e‡jb GiB g‡a¨ Zvi K‡qKRb f³

†LjvdZ cvIqvi †hvM¨ n‡q D‡V‡Qb|


G wbe‡Üi cieZ©x As‡k Avwg Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡ev mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`‡k dwKi‡ì

cÖvw·‡mi ywU g~j cwieZ©‡bi Dci| cÖ_gZ, jvj‡bi Mv‡bi RbwcÖq wkíxiv †Kb ¸iæi `x¶v

wb‡q AvLov wfwËK dwKwi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i| wØZxqZ, cÖvwZôvwbK wewfbœ D‡`¨vM

wKfv‡e mvaK nevi PvB‡Z jvj‡bi Mv‡bi wkíx mËv weKv‡ki cÖwZ AwaK gb‡hvMx|

4| RbwcÖqZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ ev‡o Avk¼v

dwKi‡ì RbwcÖqZvi me‡P‡q eo KviY jvj‡bi Mvb| wKš‘ GB RbwcÖqZv gv‡S gv‡S

dwKi‡ì Rb¨ eo ytwðšÍvi KviY n‡q `vuovq| hwÌ dwKi‡ì cÖwZ mvaviY Drmvnx‡ì msL¨v

w`‡b w`‡b †e‡o Pj‡Q e‡jB ¸iæiv g‡b Ki‡Qb, wKš‘ k¼vi welq n‡jv, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Aí

K‡qKRbB ¸iæi `x¶v wb‡q dwKwi Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| GgbwK †KD †KD `xw¶Z f³

n‡q DV‡jI, iBm dwKi I kni dwKi †¶v‡fi mv‡_ e‡jb,AwaKvskB wLjvdZ AR©‡bi

Abykxjb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z e¨_© nq| dwKiiv mywbw`©ó K‡i e‡jb, AvRKvj wUwf †cÖvMÖvg,msev`c‡Îi

cÖwZ‡e`b, RbwcÖq mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb Ges wewfbœ miKvwi-‡emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M jvj‡bi Mv‡bi

Dci Av‡jvPbv n‡jI dwKi‡ì ¸iæev`x-AvLov‡Kw›`ªK AvwZ¥K Abykxj‡bi Dci †gvUv`v‡M

AvMÖn A‡bK Kg‡Q| jvj‡bi Mv‡bi RbwcÖqZvi mv‡_ ¸iæi wkl¨ n‡q dwKwi Rxeb †e‡Q

†bIqvi c‡_ wb‡R‡K DrmM© K‡i †Ìqvi AvMÖn I wbôvi Afve RbwcÖq wgwWqvi K‡›U›U

wm‡jKk‡bi bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

2017 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei †`‡ki Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq evsjv msev`cÎ ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK

†QDwoqv‡Z jvj‡bi wZ‡ivav‡bi 127Zg evwl©Kxi Dci GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i| cÖwZ‡e`‡b

GKwU Qwe‡K nvBjvBU Kiv nq †hLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q RbwcÖq †jvKmsMxZ wkíx ggZvR jvj‡bi

wZ‡ivav‡b Mvb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Qb| Qwe‡Z ggZv‡Ri cv‡k gvjv cwiwnZ GKRb †jvK `vuwo‡q

ev`¨ evRv‡”Qb| †mLv‡b wZbwU welq j¶Yxq: cÖ_gZ, evsjv‡`‡k jvj‡bi Abymvixiv mvaviYZ

mv`v †cvkvK c‡i| wKš‘ Qwe‡Z dwKi‡ì mv`v †Kv‡bv †cvkv‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q bv| †cQ‡b mv`v

†cvkvK cwiwnZ hviv `vuwo‡q Av‡Qb Zvu‡ì‡K dwKi e‡j g‡b n‡”Q bv, †h‡nZy Zv‡ì Kv‡iv

ùvwo ev j¤^v Pyj †bB| wØZxqZ, dwKiiv mvaviYZ jvj‡bi †Kv‡bv cÖwZK…wZ ev Qwe eënvi

K‡ib bv| Z…ZxqZ, cÖwZ‡e`‡b GKUv welq D‡V Av‡mwb Zv n‡jv †cÖvMÖvgwU Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q

fviZ evsjv‡`k jvjb cwil`, hvi c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡i‡Qb GKRb fviZxq eëmvqx| Dc‡ivš‘,

GwU jvjb cwil` Av‡qvwRZ cÖ_g Abyôvb| cÖwZ‡e`‡b AviI D‡jøL Kiv nqwb †h, †cÖvMÖvgwU

dwKi‡ì evrmwiK Kg©Kv‡Ði GKUv Ask bq| cwil` Av‡qvwRZ H Abyôvb dwKi‡ì mv‡_

GKB mg‡q AbywôZ nqwb| cwil` AbyôvbwUi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q w`‡bi †ejvq, Ab¨w`‡K jvj‡bi

wZ‡ivavb Dcj‡¶ AbyôvbwU ïiæ nq mÜ¨v †_‡K|

H †cÖvMÖv‡g AvMZ GKR‡bi g‡Z, ¯’vbxq cywjk dwKi‡ì AvPvi Abyôvb I mgv‡e‡ki mv‡_

GKB mg‡q Ab¨‡ì‡K †Kv‡bv Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv †_‡K weiZ †i‡L‡Qb| AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix

ms¯’v †KejgvÎ jvjb GKv‡Wgx‡K gvB‡µv‡dvb eënv‡ii AbygwZ w`‡q‡Q| jvjb av‡g GKB

ai‡bi Kg©m~wP cvj‡b cywjk febMi I becÖvY bvgK Ab¨ `ywU `j‡K Abyôvb Av‡qvR‡bi

AbygwZ †`qwb| cywj‡ki `vwe wbivcËvi Rb¨ Zviv GwU K‡i‡Qb| Zviv gvB‡µv‡dvb eënv‡i


mivmwi wb‡lavÁv Rvwi K‡i GB †f‡e †h †QvU †QvU mgv‡ek †_‡K kã G‡m jvjb GKv‡Wgx

Av‡qvwRZ miKvi mgw_©Z Abyôv‡b †Ìqv e³e¨ ïb‡Z Amyweav m…wó n‡Z cv‡i| eo g‡Â

AbywôZ GKv‡Wgxi Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ GKB mg‡q hw` †QvU †QvU msMVb¸‡jv gvB‡µv‡dvb eënvi

K‡i, Zvn‡j miKvi Av‡qvwRZ Abyôv‡bi cÖwZ `k©K‡ì g‡bv‡hv‡M weNœ NU‡Z cv‡i| GKB iKg

hyw³‡Z AbïvI ej‡Z cv‡i †h, jvjb GKv‡Wgx Av‡qvwRZ g‡Âi mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wPi Kvi‡Y

dwKi‡ì AvPvi Abyôv‡bI `k©bv_©x‡ì cy‡ivcywi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Y Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i|

hwÌ B‡ËdvK cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, cwil` jvjb av‡gi y‡Uv evrmwiK Abyôv‡bi

GKwU cvjb K‡i‡Qb, ZeyI Zviv jvjb av‡gi ¸iæ‡ì mgv‡e‡ki cÖavb RvgvqvZ‡K Kg ¸iæZ¡

w`‡q cÖvwšÍK ch©v‡q wb‡q †M‡Q| GKBw`‡bi Av‡iKwU cÖwZ‡e`‡b msev`cÎwU y‡Uv Qwe Qv‡c

Avjv`vfv‡e; GKwU jvjb av‡gi Ges Av‡iKwU AvjvciZ dwKi`‡ji Qwe| GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU

dwKi‡ì Qwe ev` w`‡q mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g Avc‡jvW Kiv nq ¯’vbxq mgq 1:36

wgwb‡U| ¯úóZB GK`j dwK‡ii Qwei msev‡ì g~j¨ GKwU mymw¾Z jvjb av‡gi Qwei †P‡q

A‡bK Kg| GLv‡b a‡i †bIqv n‡”Q ¸wU K‡qK mv`v †cvkvK cwiwnZ dwKi `k©Yv_©x‡ì Qwei

†P‡q jvjb av‡gi Qwei „k¨ msev` wn‡m‡e †ewk g~jëvb|

dwKiiv AviI DwØMœ GB Kvi‡Y †h,jvjb MxwZi RbwcÖq wkíx‡ì A‡b‡KB `xw¶Z bq| A-

`xw¶Z wkíx‡ì Mv‡bi welqe ‘ m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i, KviY Zviv ¸iæi Aax‡b

†_‡K wewfbœ AvPvi-Abyôvb m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| A-`xw¶Z wkíxiv gv‡S gv‡S Mvb¸‡jv

Ggbfv‡e cwi‡ekb K‡ib hv †`‡L ¸iæ‡ì AvksKv nq, hviv ¸iæi `x¶vq `xw¶Z bq Zviv

Mvb¸‡jvi fyj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AwaKš‘, RbwcÖq wkíxiv cÖvqB dwKi‡ì wewawb‡la Agvb¨

K‡i| †hgb, mvaviYZ hviv †Kv‡bv ¸iæi `x¶v †bqwb wKš‘ Mvb MvB‡Z Pvb Zv‡ì‡K ïaygvÎ

‰`b¨ Mvb¸‡jv MvIqvi Rb¨ ¸iæiv DrmvwnZ K‡ib| ‰`b¨ Mvb Qvov evKx mve Mvb †h‡nZy mvabv

m¤úwK©Z ZvB ïaygvÎ ¸iæi Kv‡Q `x¶v wb†qB †mme Mv‡bi gg© Rvb‡Z nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki jvjb msMx‡Zi R‰bK weL¨vZ wkíx e¨wZµg| wZwb a«yc`x Xs‡q jvj‡bi Mvb

cwi‡ekb K‡i we‡kl RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Qb| Zvui cwi‡ewkZ jvj‡bi Mvb RbwcÖq n‡q

D‡V‡Q, we‡klZ wkw¶Z ga¨weË †kÖwYi g‡a¨| hwÌ wZwb `yBRb dwKi, †gvK‡m` kvn I Kwig

kv‡ni KvQ †_‡K Mvb wk‡LwQ‡jb, wKš‘ wZwb KL‡bvB †Kv‡bv ¸iæi f³ nbwb| wZwb

e‡jb,jvj‡bi Mv‡b gy» AwaKvsk †jvK ¸iæi Kv‡Q `x¶v wb‡q jvjb m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb Ges f³

nb| cwi‡ekbvi †¶‡Î wZwb ¸iæi Kv‡Q wM‡q‡Qb ïaygvÎ Mvb †kLvi Rb¨ (Zakaria and

Zaman 2004)| wZwb AviI e‡jb, GKRb evD‡ji K‡É jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbv Ges wkíxi

Mjvq evDj Mvb cwi‡ekbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| Zuvi g‡Z, Zvui MvqKxi wfwËUv ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q

a«yc`x msMxZ †_‡K| wKš‘ wZwb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb, †h‡Kv‡bv wkíxiB wbR¯ fw½ _v‡K Mvb

MvBevi (Zakaria and Zaman2004)|

evsjv‡`‡ki †mB L¨vZbvgvwkíx †hLv‡b jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbvi †¶‡Î ¯^vaxbZvi Dci

†Rvi w`‡q‡Qb, ¸iæiv ZLb AvksKv Ki‡Qb AvRKvj A‡b‡KB jvj‡bi Mvb K‡ib wKš‘ ¸iæi

Kv‡Q `x¶v †bb bv| wZwb cwi®‹vifv‡e jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekb Kivi welqwU Avjv`v K‡i‡Qb


mvaK nIqv †_‡K| ¸iæiv mvaviYZ g‡b K‡ib, GKRb wkíx‡K ¸iæi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K mu‡c †Ìqv

DwPZ Ges Mv‡bi g~j A_© Dcjwäi Rb¨ dwKwi AvPvi cvjb Kiv DwPZ| wkíx I mvaK‡ì

g‡a¨ GB cv_©K¨KiY gvbyl‡K mvaK bv n‡q MvqK nevi cÖwZ †ewk AvMÖnx K‡i Zyj‡Z cv‡i|

wZbwU welq GLv‡b j¶Yxq| evDj Mvb bv‡g †h Mvb¸‡jv cwiwPZ †m¸‡jvi me¸‡jv

jvj‡bi Mvb bq| wØZxqZ, A`xw¶Z‡ì cÖwZ ¸iæ‡ì wb‡ ©kbv ¯úó, mvabvi welqe ‘ wb‡q Mvb

cwi‡ekbvi Rb¨ GKUv MvBWjvBb _vK‡Z n‡e| Z…ZxqZ, jvj‡bi Mvb MvB‡Z cvi‡jB GKRb

dwKi nq bv| eis hw` †KD jvj‡bi Mvb MvB‡Z bvI cv‡ib, wZwbI dwKi n‡Z cv‡ib Ges

AvPvi Abyôvb cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †mB mv‡_ wkíx I mvaK‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wel‡q ¸iæi

DrKÚv n‡jv wkw¶Z ZiæY‡ì g‡a¨ mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q Ggb wKQy cÖeYZv j¶ Kiv hvq †hLv‡b

A‡b‡K hviv jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡i, dwKi‡ì g‡Zv †cvkvK c‡i,AvPvi-Abyôvb

mgv‡ek¸‡jv‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i wKš‘ ¸iæi Kv‡Q `x¶v †bq bv ev wb‡R‡ì‡K mgc©Y K‡i bv|

kni dwKi e‡jb:

eo wec` n‡jv hvi ¸iæcvV bvB Zviv `vuwo iv‡L, †Mvd iv‡L,mv`v †cvkvK c‡i,

jvj‡bi Mvb Mvq wKsev Mvq bv, wb‡Ri g‡Zv PjvPj K‡i,Zviv †mŠwLb evDj, Lye

†ewk †mŠwLb evDj| hLb †KD wRÁvmv K‡i †Zvgv‡ì ¸iæ cvV †Kv_vq, ZLb Zviv

e‡j, Avwg GLbI ¸iæ LyuRwQ! wKš‘ hw` ¸iæ bvB †c‡q _v‡Kv, Zvn‡j wKfv‡e Zywg

G‡Zv cv‡ë †M‡Qv? Ziæb cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ GKUv †µR, Zviv jvj‡bi Mvb MvB‡Z

Pvq, GKUv MxUvi w`‡q n‡jI| eo Pyj ivL‡e mvay‡ì gZ; eQ‡i yBevi jvjb

mvuBwRi av‡g †QDwoqvi ‡cÖvMÖv‡g Avm‡e|

evDj Mv‡bi e¨vcK cÖPvi I dwKi‡ì cÖwZ mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`kx ZiæY‡ì g‡bv‡hvM

AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| †KD †KD msMx‡Z G‡ZvUvB gy» n‡q †M‡Q †h, Zviv wbqwgZfv‡e Abyôv‡b

AskMÖnY Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ges evDj Mvb MvB‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì †KD †KD A‡bK mgq

wkíx wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ cv‡”Q| wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq Hme ZiæYiv mv`v †cvkvK civ ïiæ

K‡i‡Q Ges dwKi‡ì g‡Zv `vuwo ivL‡Q| hwÌ evDj Mvb cwi‡ekbKvix wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì AvMÖn

A‡bK wKš‘ H ZiæY f³iv wb‡R‡ì‡K ¸iæi Kv‡Q mgc©Y Kivi cvkvcvwk `xw¶Z n‡Z

AbvMÖnx| dwKi‡ì Abyôv‡b G ai‡bi A‡bK A`xw¶Z wk¶vbexk wbqwgZ Ask †bq|

evsjv‡`‡k jvjb MxwZi A-`xw¶Z cwi‡ekK‡ì AwZ mv¤cÖwZK iƒcwU n‡jv GB ai‡bi †mŠwLb

evDj|

5| RxešÍ ms¯‹…wZ hLb g‡b nq HwZn¨

2008 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v evDj msMxZ‡K Bb‡UbwRej KvjPvivj †nwi‡UR Ad wnDg¨vwbwUi

wi©‡cÖ‡R›UwUf ZvwjKvq AšÍf©y³ K‡i| 2008-2010 mvj †_‡K BD‡b‡¯‹v ÔAction Plan for

the Safeguarding of Baul SongsÕ bv‡gi GKUv cÖK‡íi A_©vqb K‡i| evsjv‡`k wkíKjv

GKv‡Wgx GB cÖKíwU ev Íevqb K‡i| †m cÖK‡íi Ask wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ dwKi ¸iæ‡ì mv‡_

Av‡jvPbv nq| wmwfj †mvmvBwUi m`m¨, we‡kl K‡i Aa¨vcK, M‡elK Ges †ckvRxwe wkíxiv


GB cÖKí ev Íevq‡b AskcÖnY K‡i| cÖK‡íi wk‡ivbvg †_‡K †evSv hvq evDj Mvb wec`vcbœ

Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q, G‡K i¶v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| DwØMœZvi welqwU cÖK‡íi mviK_v †_‡K †evSv hvq: G

cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ¸iæ I ZiæY wk¶v_©x‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i Kg©kvjvi gva¨‡g evDj Mv‡bi

h_vh_ cÖPvi wbwðZ Kiv| BD‡b‡¯‹v dwKi‡ì Mvb‡K mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡q‡Q

Ges e„nËi Rb‡Mvôxi wbKU Gme Mvb †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqvi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| BD‡b‡¯‹v h_vh_

cÖPvi ej‡Z wK eywS‡q‡Q, Z‡e †m welqwU wVK cwi®‹vi bq| g‡b ivLv ìKvi, Mv‡bi K_v I

MvIqvi aib wel‡q ¸iæiv A‡bK mgq wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ wØgZ †cvlY K†ib| H M‡elYvq

cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`‡b Mv‡bi K_vi mZ¨Zvi Dci Ges MvqKx Xs‡qi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q

(Lohani 2010)|

BD‡b‡¯‹vi Kg©KZ©viv ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ evDj Mvb Qwo‡q †èvi AwfcÖv‡q evDj

msMx‡Zi Dci Kywóqvq Pviw`‡bi Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i (Haq 2010: 13)| cÖKí Kg©KZ©viv

g‡b K‡ib, Mvb cwi‡ekbvi mwVK Dcvq n‡jv Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv| AwaKš‘ cÖKí cwiPvjK

ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ evDj msMxZ‡K RbwcÖq K‡i †Zvjvi Dci †Rvi †`b| GLv‡b y‡Uv welq

j¶Yxq: cÖ_gZ, jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbvi wk¶v mvaK nIqv †_‡K cy‡ivcywi Avjv`v| wØZxqZ,

GUv cÖ¯Íve Kiv †evKvgx n‡e †h, evDj Mvb i¶v Kivi Rb¨ ¸iæ I f³‡ì g‡a¨ AvLov wfwËK

G Nwbô m¤úK© Acwinvh© bq| ¸iæ I f³‡ì jvj‡bi Mvb h_vh_ cÖPvi wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨

Kg©kvjvq †hvM`v‡bi †h cÖ¯Íve Zv `xN©w`‡bi AvLovwfwËK ¸iæi wk¶vi c×wZi ‰eaZv‡K

P¨v‡jÄ K‡i| ¸iæiv Zv‡ì AvLovq f³ I `k©Yv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv KivUv cQ›`

K‡ib| cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, ÔivRv mvayi evox‡Z hvq, mvay hvq bvÕ| iBm dwKi e¨vL¨v Ki‡jb,

wZwb mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv A`xw¶Z f‡³i evwo‡Z hvb bv Ges LveviI Lvb bv, †Kbbv wZwb `xw¶Z

f‡³i †mevB cQ›` K‡ib| hLb Avwg KviY wRÁvmv Kijvg, wZwb DËi w`‡jb GB e‡j †h,

GUv Lvev‡ii ¸YMZ gv‡bi Rb¨ bq eis AbyivM I ü`q wbsov‡bv fv‡jvevmv hv dwKiiv Pvq Zv

Af‡³i Kv‡Q cvIqv hvq bv| hwÌ cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ HwZnëvnx ¸iæwkl¨ m¤ú‡K©i cÖwZ ’vcb

bq, ZeyI Kg©kvjvi cÖ¯Íve KivUv mvay‡ì PP©vi we‡ivax|

dwKi‡ì‡K AvLovi evB‡i G‡b AvaywbK AwW‡Uvwiqv‡g Zv‡ì ¸iæ‡K Z_vKw_Z †U«Bbvi

ev cÖwk¶K evbv‡bv nq| Kg©kvjvq jvj‡bi Mvb †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ ZiæY‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvUv

¸iæi AvLov‡Kw›`ªK dwKwi PP©vi ¸iæZ¡‡K Lv‡Uv K‡i| jvj‡bi Mv‡bi A`xw¶Z wkíxiv GUv

Dcjwä Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q †h, jvj‡bi Mvb¸‡j mvay‡ì dwKwi PP©vi MvBWjvBb| BD‡b‡¯‹vi

ewY©Z evDj Mvb i¶v Kivi cÖKíwU AvLov‡Kw›`ªK ¸iæev`x dwKwi aviv‡K cÖ‡kœi gy‡L †d‡j|

GKB ai‡bi Ae¯’v cwðge‡½i evDj‡ì g‡aÏ j¶ Kiv hvq| Benjamin Krakauer

(2015:356) we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb wKfv‡e fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½ cÖfvekvjx ev½vwjiv cÖK…Z evDj

evQvB Kivi bv‡g evDj‡ì AviI †ewk SyuwKi gy‡L †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| bKj evDj †_‡K Avmj

evDj evQvB Kivi bv‡g mvaK‡ìB eis AviI †ewk SywK‡Z †d‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y

evDj‡ì A‡b‡K m¤§vb nvwi‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì Avq K‡g †M‡Q| †jLK IB †jLvq ga¨weË

†kÖYxi wkíx cve©Zx evD‡ji welqwU we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| `xw¶Z wn‡m‡e wZwb ïay †Miæqv i‡Oi


†cvkvK, iæ`ªv‡¶i gvjv c‡ib| ïaygvÎ GKZviv evwR‡q cve©Zx evDj Mvb MvB‡Z cQ›` K‡ib|

GKRb wkw¶Z I AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖwkw¶Z wkíx wn‡m‡e Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡ib; Z ycwi wZwb

gvwR©Z evsjvq K_v e‡jb| KxZ©b cwi‡ekb K†i wZwb A‡bK †ewk `k©‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y

K‡ib| GwU †Kv‡bv Avð‡h©i welq bq †h, wZwb RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK Drm‡e msMxZ cwi‡ekb

K‡ib| Krakauer AviI e‡jb, †jvKmsMx‡Zi Giƒc weK…wZi Kvi‡Y MZvbyMwZK evDj wkíxiv,

hviv wkw¶Z mymw¾Z bq, Zviv †ckvMZ wKsev AvgRbZvi m¤§vb I A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv

nviv‡”Qb| a«yc`x Av`‡j dwi`v cvifx‡bi jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbv Zv‡K evsjv‡`‡k jvjb

msMx‡Zi AvBKb K‡i Zy‡j‡Q| cve©Zx evD‡ji dwKwi Rxebhvcb K‡ib; Ab¨w`‡K dwi`v

cvifxb dwKwi mvabvi PP©vi g‡a¨ †bB| wkw¶Z †kÖYxi g‡a¨ jvj‡bi Mvb RbwcÖq K‡i †Zvjvi

Rb¨ dwi`v cvifxb I cve©Zx evDj DfqB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| hwÌ jvj‡bi Mv‡bi

GB RbwcÖqZv cÖK…Z mvaK‡ì‡K ¶wZi gy‡L †dj‡Z cv‡i| wbtm‡›`‡n GB yBRb wkíx

evsjv‡`‡ki I cwðge‡½i ZiæY, wkw¶Z †kÖYxi g‡a¨ jvj‡bi Mvb I mvay‡ì RbwcÖq K‡i

Zyj‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|

6| †Kv-Ac‡Ukb

dwKi‡ì PP©vq ivó«xq I Aivó«xq bvbvwea n¯Í‡¶c dz‡Kvi ÔcvIqv‡iiÕ GKUv fv‡jv D`vniY

g‡b n‡Z cv‡i; cÖK…Zc‡¶ GwU Zv bq| eis mvgwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡elYvi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~b©

Kb‡mÞ Ô‡Kv-Ac‡UkbÕ dwKi‡ì GB Ae¯’ve¨vL¨v Kievi Rb¨ Dchy³ n‡Z cv‡i| dy‡Kvi

cvIqvi †Rvic~e©K `gb, wbcxob wKsev mvgvwRK Pyw³i Ask wn‡m‡e KvR K†i bv eis GKUv

†KŠkj wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i (Foucault 1995)| GKBfv‡e dwKi‡ì Dci KZ©…Z¡ Kivi

Rb¨ mivmwi kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kivi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi KZ©…c¶ `xN©‡gqvw` †Kxkj Aej¤^b

K‡i‡Q| we‡kl K‡i †QDwoqvi jvj‡bi av‡gi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi I av‡gi mKj Abyôv‡bi wbivcËv

wbwðZ Kivi A_©‰bwZK I cÖkvmwbK mn‡hvwMZv †`qvi gva¨‡g ivó« I Zvi bvbvwea mn‡hvMx

msMVb dwKi‡ì wfbœgvM©x Rxeb PP©v †Kv-AcU K‡i|

Ab¨Zg L¨vwZgvb ¸iæ kni dwKi mvaviYZ dwKi‡ì c‡¶ evwl©K bvbwea Kg©m~wP D‡Øvab

K‡ib Ges miKv‡ii mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e KvR K‡ib| wZwb †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb AvRKvj dwKiiv

GK‡Î wg‡j jvjb av‡gi evrmwiK Abyôvb Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z A¶g,‡Kbbv wewfbœ †jvK fxo K‡i|

AvBb k„sLjvi¶vKvix evwnbx‡K H ’v‡bi wbivcËv weavb Ki‡Z nq| L¨vwZgvb H ¸iæ gšÍe¨

K‡ib:

jvjb mvuBRx n‡jv dwKi‡ì m¤úwË; dwKiiv Zvi †`Lfvj Ki‡e| wKš‘ jvjb

GKv‡Wgxi m`m¨‡ì n Í‡¶‡ci Kvi‡Y welq¸‡jv‡Z GKUy RUjv ‰Zwi nq| we‡kl

wKQy AvBb Av‡Q mvaym½ Kivi, wKš‘ †mB¸‡jv wVKVvK cvjb Kiv nq bv| Z‡e hv

nq Zv Lye †ewk Lvivc bv; †Rjv cÖkvmb †mLv‡b Av‡Q| Zviv mvay‡ì m¤§vb †`q,

†mevi eë¯’v K‡i| Zviv mvay‡ì mvg‡b †i‡L KvR K‡i|


hLb Avwg Rvb‡Z PvBjvg KLb †_‡K mvay‡ì Kv‡R ev av‡gi Abyôv‡b miKvwi KZ©c‡¶i

n Í‡¶c ïiæ n‡q‡Q, Gi DË‡i wZwb e‡jb, GB cwiw ’wZ ïiæ n‡q‡Q 2003 mvj †_‡K| ZLb

GKUv eo As‡Ki UvKv eivÏ nq miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K| cÖ_‡g GKUv gÂ n‡jv, Zvic‡i

AwW‡Uvwiqvg I †M÷iæg ‰Zwi n‡jv| jvj‡bi av‡gi mvg‡bi MvQ¸‡jv miKvwi mn‡hvMwZvq

†K‡U †djv n‡jv| wZwb AviI e‡jb, jvjb GKv‡Wgxi †jvKRb Gm‡e hy³ Av‡Q|Gfv‡e Zviv

Zv‡ì KZ©…Z¡ a‡i ivL‡jv| miKvwi A_©vq‡b Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv†Ði `xN©‡gqvw` djvdj m¤ú‡K©

AeMZ i‡q‡Qb Rv‡ni dwKi| miKvwi A_©vq‡b Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ði djvdj‡K cvIqv‡ii

dy‡KvwWqvb e¨L¨vi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© e‡j g‡b n‡jI ev Í‡e Zv bq| 1990 mv‡j miKvwi

Kg©KZ©v‡ì AbvKvw•LZ n Í‡¶‡ci weiæ‡× dwKi‡ì †hŠ_ cÖwZev‡ì ¯§„wZ GLbI fy‡j hvbwb

mvayiv| mvay‡ì †m Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv dwKi g›Uy kv‡ni Abymvixiv dwKi‡ì †mB KwgwU wdwi‡q

Avbvi †Póv Ki‡Qb|

jvjb av‡gi cv‡k mymw¾Z g‡Â jvjb GKv‡Wgx Av‡qvwRZ mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©m~wP‡Z miKvwi

Kg©KZ©v, eyw×Rxex I RbwcÖq wkíx‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY mvay-¸iæ‡ì AvPvi Abyôvb †_‡K

`k©K‡ì AvMÖn jvj‡bi Mv‡bi RbwcÖq cwi‡ekbvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| †hLv‡b ¸iæiv jvjb av‡gi

evrmwiK mgv‡ek‡K †meK, f³ AbyivMx Ges ïfvKvw•L‡ì g‡a¨ AvwZ¥K eÜb ‰Zwii ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

AvPvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib, †mLv‡b RbwcÖq g‡Â A`xw¶Z‡ì mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb dwKi‡ì wfbœavivi

wPšÍv-Av`‡k©i PP©vi my‡hvM ms¼ywPZ K‡i| Gi djvdjB n‡jv †Kv-Ac‡Ukb (Corntassel

2007:164)|

†Kv-Ac‡Uk‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gva¨g n‡jv weÁvcb| weÁvcb dwKi‡ì A_©‰bwZKfv‡e

wbf©ikxj K‡i (Baur and Schmitz 2012:13)| dwKiiv mvaviYZ Abyôvb Kivi Rb¨ f³ I

ïfvKvsLx‡ì `v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡ib| wKš‘ jvjb GKv‡Wgx ax‡i ax‡i dwKi‡ì miKvwi

KZ©…c‡¶i Dci wbf©ikxj K‡i Zyj‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †mev Kivi Rb¨ A_©

msMÖn KivUv dwKi‡ì GKvi c‡¶ eo †evSv n‡q †hZ| jvjb GKv‡Wgx mvaym‡½ e„nËi

Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY Ges Zv‡ì wbivcËv weav‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| kni dwKi ¯^xKvi

K‡ib †h, mvaym‡½ Av‡qvR‡bi wbqg¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e memgq cvjb Kiv nq bv| jvjb

Kg‡cø‡·i Af¨šÍ‡i dwKiiv cÖvq me©`vB cÖZ¨¶`k©x‡ì Øviv †ewóZ _v‡K| mvsevw`K I Drmy¨K

RbZv dwKi‡ì Kg©KvÐ †dv‡b wKsev K¨v‡givq avib Ki‡Z fxo Rgvq|

kni dwK‡ii gšÍe¨ GB †¶‡Î we‡klfv‡e Zvrch©c~Y©: jvjb GKv‡Wgx mvay‡ì‡K Ômvg‡b

†i‡L KvR K‡iÕ| miKvwi Kg©KZ©v I Zv‡ì jvjb GKv‡Wgxi cÖwZwbwaiv Ges MYgva¨g

dwKi‡ì mn‡hvwMZv K‡i e‡j `vwe K‡i| wKš‘ Pjgvb GB †Kv-Ac‡Uk‡bi `…k¨gvb djvdj

n‡jv GB †h, dwKi‡ì AvPvi Abyôvb w`‡b w`‡b mvaviY mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b iƒc wb‡”Q| GB

iƒcvšÍi †Kv-Ac‡Uk‡bi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| cyuwRev`x eë¯’vi GKUv we‡kl w`K n‡”Q G †h,

GwU †QvU †QvU hZ wfbœag©x aviv mgv‡R ‰Zwi nq †m¸‡jv‡K ax‡i ax‡i MÖvm K‡i †bq ev

AvZ¥xKiY K‡i mvgvwRK g~javivq wb‡q Avmvi †Póv K‡i (Thompson and Coskuner-Balli

2007:136)| GKw`‡K ZiæY †mŠwLb evDj‡ì RbwcÖqZv, Ab¨w`‡K ¸iæev`x avivq mvaK n‡q


IVvi mvabvq wb‡R‡K mgc©Y bv K‡i wbQK wkíx wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq n‡q IVvi mv¤cÖwZK cÖeYZv

dwKi‡ì wfbœgvM©xq mvabvi aviv †_‡K wePz¨Z nevi my¯úó j¶Y|

7| Dcmsnvi

mgmvgwqK evsjv‡`‡k jvjb MxwZi †ckv`vi wkíx‡ì †P‡q mvaK dwKi‡ì cwiwPwZ †hgb

Kg, †Zgwb mvaK wn‡m‡e Zvu‡ì Kì Kg| hwÌ ¸iæi ZË¡veav‡b `xN©‡gqvw` mvB‡Kv‡mvgvwUK

cÖwk¶‡Yi aviYvwU dwKi‡ì RxebPP©vi Dcjwä‡Z Riæwi, mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q ¸iæi Kv‡Q mgc©Y

K‡i dwKwi RxebPP©vq wb‡R‡K cy‡ivcywi wb‡qvwRZ Kivi cÖwZ gvby‡li AvMÖn Avk¼vRbKfv‡e

Kg e‡j mvay‡ì wek¦vm| we‡kl K‡i, mvabvi Ask wn‡m‡e jvj‡bi Mvb cwi‡ekbvi †h ¸iæZ¡

†mwU e„nËi Rbgvby‡li Kv‡Q A¯úó e‡jB Zvu‡ì A‡b‡Ki aviYv| ‡Kb jvj‡bi Mvb¸‡jvi

RbwcÖq wkíxiv `xw¶Z dwKi‡ì †P‡q, A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ cvq Zv e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ GB cÖe‡Ü

wfbœgZvej¤^x dwKi‡ì †KvAcwUs‡qi bvbvwea cÖwµqvi AbymÜvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avwg wZbwU

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcvq wPwýZ K‡iwQ| cÖ_gZ, jvjb av‡gi Dbœqb Askx`vi wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv n‡jv

iv‡ó«i †KŠkj| GB cÖwµqvq iv‡ó«i bvbvwea msMVb wfbœgZvej¤x dwKi‡ì evrmwiK Drme

Av‡qvR‡b †ek KZ©…Z¡c~Y© f ~wgKv iv‡L| wØZxqZ, jvj‡bi Mv‡bi RbwcÖq wkíx‡ì cwi‡ekbv

MYgva¨‡g djvI K‡i cÖPvi n‡jI AvLov ev avg‡Kw›`ªK mvabv I Zv‡Z ¸iæ‡ì ¸iæZ¡ Lv‡Uv

Kiv nq| Z…ZxqZ, wmwfj mgv‡Ri wKQy wKQy cÖ‡Póvq we‡`kx G‡RwÝ¸‡jv (‡hgb BD‡b‡¯‹v)

jvj‡bi Mvb‡K mvabvi aviv †_‡K wePy¨Z K‡i wbQK GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨ cwiYZ Ki‡Q|

mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q dwKiiv wZbwU cÖavb evav †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q| cÖ_gZ, g›Uy kv‡ni g‡Zv

kÖ‡×q I cÖfvekvjx ¸iæi Afve whwb jvjb av‡gi eë¯’vcbvq AcÖ‡qvRbxq n Í‡¶‡ci weiæ‡×

†hŠ_fv‡e cÖwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q dwKi‡ì †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| yB, fwel¨‡Z hviv †LjvdZ †c‡q

¸iæ n‡Z cv‡ib Giƒc dwKi‡ì msL¨v K‡g hv‡”Q| Z…ZxqZ, ZiæY‡ì g‡a¨ †mŠwLb evDj nevi

GKUv avivi weKvk NU‡Q| cÖ_g I wØZxq cÖwZeÜKZvwU dwKi‡ì AvwZ¥K kw³i Ae¶q‡K

cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q Ges Z…ZxqwU wfbœgZvej¤^x dwKi‡ì †Kv-AcwUs‡qi Pjgvb cÖwµqvi

me©mv¤cÖwZK Aa¨vq|

hwÌ cÖKvwkZ msev`cÎ I wUwf cÖwZ‡e`b MYgva¨‡gi bxwZgvjvmg~n cÖwZdwjZ K‡i,

ZeyI wKfv‡e wgwWqvi cÖwZwbwaiv †Kv-Ac‡Ukb cÖ‡kœi DËi †`q fwelr M‡elYvi Rb¨ Zv Lye

¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡Z cv‡i| jvjb av‡gi wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ miKvwi †jvK‡ì n Í‡¶c Riæwi,

wKš‘ wKfv‡e wfbœgZvej¤^x dwKi I miKvwi bvbwea cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK©‡K cybivq we‡ePbv

Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m welqwU ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Kiv ìKvi| dwKi‡ì g‡Zv cÖvwšÍK

m¤cÖ`vq¸‡jv hv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^vaxbZv cvq Ges Zv‡ì wfbœgZvj¤x RxebvPviY ¯^vaxbfv‡e PP©v

K‡i wUwK‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i †m welqwUi DciI we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †`qv ìKvi|

†`k-we‡`‡ki bvbvwea wfbœgvM©xq RxebPP©vi GKUv we‡kl m¤¢vebv n‡jv Pjgvb ‰ewk¦K

evRvi eë¯’vi weKí ‰Zwii GKUv g‡Wj n‡q DVv (Ferrari 2012:35)| †divixi Avkvev`

mZK© I wµwUK¨vj g‡bv‡hvM `vwe K‡i| dwKi‡ì Rxeb-PP©v AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK I Ansev`x


Rxebavivi wbDwjev‡iwjRg Gi weKí eë¯’v wbg©v‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© eyw×e„wËK m¤ú` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ

n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ GL‡bv †mwU m¤¢vebv AvKv‡i Av‡Q; G‡K ev Í‡e iƒc †`qvi Rb¨ ìKvi

`xN©‡gqvw` mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb|

MÖš’cwÄ

PµeZ©x, myaxi (1989): Mfxi wbR©b c‡_, KwjKvZvt Avb›` cvewjkvm©|

________(1992): eªvZ¨ †jvKvqZ jvjb, KwjKvZv, fviZt cy¯ÍK wecbx|

‡PŠayix, 2009(K): f~wgKv, jvjb mgMÖ, m¤úv`bv Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKvt cvVK mgv‡ek|

________2009(L): jvjb mgMÖ, m¤úv`bv Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKvt cvVK mgv‡ek|

Sv, kw³bv_ (2008): jvj‡bi gvbyl-ZË¡, jvjb mgM«, m¤úv`K Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKv, cvVK

mgv‡ek|

________ (2010): e Íyev`x evDj, D™¢e, mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ I `k©b, KwjKvZv, fviZ, †`ÕR cvewjks|

`vm, gwZjvj (1958): jvjb-MxwZKv, KwjKvZv, KwjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖKvkbv|

wnZKwi, (1890): ÔgnvZ¥v jvjb dwKiÕ, jvjb mgMÖ, m¤úv`bv Aveyj Avnmvb †PŠayix, XvKv, cvVK

mgv‡ek|

iwdDwÏb, L›`Kvi (2009): ÔfvemsMxZÕ XvKv, mì cÖKvkbx|

kixd, Avng` (2009): Òjvjb kvnÓ, jvjb mgMÖ, XvKv, cvVK mgv‡ek|

Aman, Shanaz (2011): “Mantu Shah; Key Preserver of Lalon Songs, Passes Away,” The

Kushtia Times, September 26. Accessed November 22, 2017.

http://www.thekushtiatimes.com/26/09/2011/mantu-shah-key-preserver-of-lalon-

songs-passes-away/.

Baur, Dorothea, and Hans Peter Schmitz (2012): “Corporations and NGOs: When

accountability leads to co-optation.” Journal of Business Ethics 106 (1):9-21.

Corntassel, Jeff (2007): “Partnership in Action? Indigenous Political Mobilization and

Co-optation during the First UN Indigenous Decade (1995-2004),” Human Rights

Quarterly:137-166.

Coy, Patrick G, and Timothy Hedeen (2005): “A Stage Model of Social Movement

Co‐ optation: Community Mediation in the United States,” The Sociological

Quarterly, 46 (3):405-435.

Das, Rahul Peter (1992): “Problematic Aspects of the Sexual Rituals of the Bauls of

Bengal,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 112 (3):388-432.

Ferrari, Fabrizio M. (2012): “Mystic Rites For Permanent Class Conflict: The Bauls Of

Bengal, Revolutionary Ideology And Post-Capitalism,” South Asia Research, 32

(1):21-38.

Foucault, Michel (1995): Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by

Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage.


Gamson, William A. (1969): Power and Discontent. USA: Dorsey Press.

Haq, Md. Nazrul. (2010): “Message from the Project Director and Publisher,” In

Baulsangeet (A Collection of Baul Songs): Action Plan for the Safeguarding of

Baul Songs, edited by Kamal Lohani, 13-14. Dhaka: Bangladesh Shilpakala

Academy.

Jha, Saktinath (1995): “Cari-candra Bhed: Use of the Four Moons.” In Mind, Body and

Society: Life and Mentality in Colonial Bengal, 65-108. Calcutta: Oxford

University Press.

Knight, Lisa I. (2011): Contradictory Lives: Baul Women in India and Bangladesh, New

York: Oxford University Press.

Kperogi, Farooq A. (2011): “Cooperation with the corporation? CNN and the Hegemonic

Cooptation of Citizen Journalism through iReport. Com,” New Media & Society

13 (2):314-329.

Krakauer, Benjamin (2015): “The Ennobling of a “Folk Tradition” and the

Disempowerment of the Performers: Celebrations and Appropriations of Bāul-

Fakir Identity in West Bengal,” Ethnomusicology, 59 (3):355-379.

Lacy, Michael G. (1982): “A Model of Cooptation Applied to the Political Relations of

the United-States and American-Indians,” Social Science Journal, 19 (3):23-36.

Lohani, Kamal ed. (2010): Baulsangeet (A Collection of Baul Songs): Action Plan for the

Safeguarding of Baul Songs. Dhaka: Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy.

Lorea, Carola Erika (2014): “Searching for the Divine, Handling Mobile Phones:

Contemporary Lyrics of Baul Songs and their Osmotic Response to

Globalisation,” History and Sociology of South Asia, 8 (1):59-88.

Masahiko, Togawa (2013): “Sharing the Narratives: An Anthropologist among the Local

People at the Mausoleum of Fakir Lalon Shah in Bangladesh,” Kyoto Bulletin of

Islamic Area Studies: 21-36.

McDaniel, June (1992): “The Embodiment of God among the Bāuls of Bengal,” Journal

of Feminist Studies in Religion: 27-39.

Openshaw, Jeanne (2002): Seeking Bauls of Bengal. Cambridge. Cambridge University

Press.

Pickard, Victor W. (2008): “Cooptation and Cooperation: Institutional Exemplars of

Democratic Internet Technology,” New Media & Society 10 (4):625-645.

Selznick, P. (1949): TVA and the Grassroots: A Study of Politics and Organization.

Berkeley: University of California Press.

Stratigaki, Maria (2004): “The Cooptation of Gender Concepts in EU Policies: The Case

of Reconciliation of Work and Family,” Social Politics: International Studies in

Gender, State & Society, 11 (1):30-56.

Thompson, Craig J. and Gokcen Coskuner-Balli (2007): “Countervailing Market

Responses to Corporate Co-optation and the Ideological Recruitment of

Consumption Communities,” Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (2):135-152.

Zakaria, Saymon, and Mustafa Zaman (2004): “Melodies for Eternity: Farida Parveen's

Life in Focus,” Star Weekend Magazine.

Documents

AvPv‡i wfbœ, msL¨vq bMY¨ evDj-dwKi I ivó« · aviYv cv‡Å †`b (Knight 2011, McDaniel 1992), RvwZe‡Y i É±Zv I §iweb vm‡K D‡c v K‡ib, m„wÍKZ vi Abš§ iƒc wn‡m‡e