ATP & Photosynthesis Lets....sing

Today in class:

1. Finish worksheets on ATP, chloroplast, and

mitochondria (finish as homework)

2. Started a more in depth look at the process of

photosynthesis (slides 1-14)

Homework Assignment:

1. Draw & label or write out step by step what

happens on slide 1, A-F.

Tuesday, Oct. 23rd

• Leaf Lab – Testing for Starch

• Finish photosynthesis power point &

review

Thursday, Oct. 25th

- Review worksheets/quiz Friday

- Complete Spinach Chromatography Lab

Friday, Oct. 26th

- Quiz

- Finished going over Calvin Cycle

- Review Calvin Cycle Monday

Notebook • TOC 1-5

• Missing/Absent Work 6-7

• Weekly Grade Sheet 8

TOC

1 Photosynthesis Annotations 10/17

2 ATP Worksheet 10/18

3 Mitochondria Worksheet 10/19

4 Chloroplast Worksheet 10/19

5 Photosynthesis Notes 10/22

6 Testing Leaf for Starch 10/23

7 Photosynthesis Rap p.1 10/23

8 Photosynthesis Rap p.2 10/23

Chemistry Review

• What is an electron?

– Negatively charged

particle

• What is a proton?

– Positively charged

particle

• Do P and N carry

energy?

– Yes- they are

charged particles

If the concentration of hydrogen

protons (H+) is greater inside a cell

than outside the cell, which direction

will the H+ generally flow?

Inside to Outside

Energy

• Energy is the ability to

do work.

• There are many types

of energy.

– Physical

– Mechanical

– Electrical

– Chemical

• The chemical energy

cells use is called

ATP

– Adenosine

Tri-Phosphate

• What is the difference

between:

– ADP and ATP

– ATP = Adenosine

Triphosphate

• Why is ATP an energy

storing compound?

– When bonds are broken

energy is released.

– The phosphate bonds

store energy

ATP has an

extra

phosphate

ATP

• What is the difference

between:

– ADP and ATP

– ATP = Adenosine

Triphosphate

• Why is ATP an energy

storing compound?

– When bonds are broken

energy is released.

– The phosphate bonds

store energy

ATP has an

extra

phosphate

How Much ATP do Human Cells

Use?

• Each cell in the human body is estimated

to use between one billion and two billion

ATP's per minute!

• With 100 trillion cells in the human body,

how much ATP do we need?

– Roughly 1 x 1023 molecules.

– In the span of twenty-four hours, 100 trillion

cells produce about 441 lbs of ATP.

Why is Photosynthesis Important?

• Heterotrophs obtain their energy from other organisms.

• What we eat can eventually be traced back to producers/autotrophs.

• The Sun provides Earth with energy. We cannot eat the sun…plants “eat” the sun harvesting its energy and passing it on to us.

• The process also makes Oxygen

• Process by which plants change the

energy in sunlight to chemical energy that

can be stored for later use.

6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon Dioxide + Water+ (Light) → Glucose + Oxygen

Yes….you will need to know

this…copy it down!

What is Photosynthesis?

All in the Chloroplast

• 2 Main Steps “Light” Reaction

-Needs light

-Thylakoid

membrane

-Converts light

energy to

chemical

energy (ATP

and NADPH)

“Dark” Reaction

(Calvin Cycle)

-No light needed (but

must have ATP and

NADPH)

-Stroma

-Converts CO2 to

sugar

Photosynthesis Basics

Label

D

E

F

A

B

C

Light Reactions

Where do the light reactions occur?

Thylakoid

A

Light absorbed by chlorophyll

C

E- move through

“electron transport

chain” like hot

potatoes passing

from one

membrane protein

to another

Chlorophyll B.

Electrons in

chlorophyll

get excited

In your notes…write see diagram

Write the next few slide on the handout

D

As water enters the cell- a water

splitting enzyme splits 2 molecules

of water into atmospheric O2 and

4H+ (hydrogen protons)

2H2O → O2 + 4H+

What we breathe

Builds a concentration

gradient

H+

concentration

gradient

Where do

the e- that

get excited

in

chlorophyll

come

from?

E

After e- pass through

electron transport chain

(ETC), they attached to

NADP+ to become

NADPH.

NADP+ + H+ → NADPH

What is NADPH?

Molecule that

stores energy.

This energy will

be used later

Energy from H+ used

by membrane protein

to catalyze the reaction

of

ADP → ATP

F.

As H+ builds inside thylakoid, a gradient builds. H+ ions

move down concentration gradient

We have created an

extra phosphate bond

(stored energy)

ATP is the second

energy storing molecule

made.

Let’s Review • The light reactions convert energy from the sun

to chemical energy

• Light is absorbed by (green structures) chlorophyll.

• Electrons become excited and move like hot potatoes through the electron transport chain.

• At the end of the ETC an energy storing molecule called NADPH is made

• At the same time a concentration of H+ build up in the thylakoid space. This concentration gradient gives energy to the membrane proteins which catalyze the reaction of ADP to ATP

• Electrons are replaced when the water is split into O2 and H+

Now what?

• Why did we “capture” energy from the sun

& make some ATP & NADPH……

• So it can be used in the Dark Reaction

(aka Calvin Cycle) to make SUGAR!!!!

Dark Reactions

Where do the dark

reactions occur?

Stroma

• Uses energy from the light reactions to

change CO2 from the atmosphere into the

sugar glucose

• Energy needed comes from the ATP and

NADPH (made in light reactions)

Dark Reaction/Calvin Cycle

4. Other five

molecules recycle

1. A carbon in the form of CO2 is attached to a 5C compound to form a 6C compound

2. The 6C

compound is

unstable and

breaks in half.

3. One 3C product is used

to make glucose and other

compounds.

How many ATP

molecules are

needed in the

Calvin Cycle?

9 ATP

How many

NADPH

molecules are

needed in the

Calvin Cycle?

6 NADPH

More songs….

• photosynthesis rap

• Youtube has GREAT videos

EXTRA CREDIT: YOU make a video by

Monday (Oct. 29th)….worth more if you

share it!