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Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
Satellite Interference!
…Improving technology to combat
Satellite Interference
satellite Interference Reduction Group
are dealing with…
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
How does DVB-CID work?
[Graphics courtesy of Newtec]
CID is transported in a spread spectrum carrier below the noise floor, under the main carrier
CID can be decoded even in presence of overlapping interfering carriers
DVB-CID carrier is at typically 27dB below the level of the main carrier
Degradation of the main carrier is <0.28dB
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
Carrier ID Database (SDA) & Processes…
…from the standard process �
…if ID not found in any database then simplyforward ID to Military for internal checking viaMilitary CID Monitoring and Database Systems.
ID?
Sat Ops
Database
N
Y
ID?
SDA
Y
N
ID?
Pass to Military
Y N
Geolocate!
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
New VSAT Tools #1 - SatGuard (SES/VeriSat)…
SatGuard Monitor Unit
Forward Link
Return Link
Terminal
Hub Station
Operational Satellite
ASI
...affected Satellite
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
Extract:
•Frame Structure
•Time Burst Plan
•Terminal ID
Interfered Link
(ASI)
Detect Burst:
• Arrival Time
• Power Level
Correlate Information
Forward Link RF
(Operational Satellite)
Terminal ID
Frame
Sync
Interfered Link
(ASI)
Detect Burst:
• Arrival Time
• Power Level
Return Link RF
(Operational Satellite)
Frame
Sync
Forward Link Decoding
Return Link Decodingor
Methods…
•Map Burst
Structure
•Decode Payload
•Extract Terminal ID
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
What it looks like…
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
New VSAT Tools #2 - GSM Demodulation (Eutelsat)…
The problem of GSM Retransmission…
• GSM services on satellite• Equipment failure in transmit systems with L-
Band IF
• One particular part of the IF system performs
as antenna and picks up GSM signals
• The IF Band is upconverted in Ku-Band and
transmitted via satellite
• It produces interference with other legitimate
payload
• Signals from the GSM BTS• GSM beacons contain location information that
is in general better than geolocalisation results
• The interfering station can be found in a short
distance from the base station
• Most stations are identified by Google Earth
review
• Regulator bodies can be immediately informed
if unmanned station operations are observed
• Conditions for successful demodulation• The received signal in L-band GSM must contain an
interfering signal
• The signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the reception must
be more than 9 dB
• The GSM signal reception must be interfering with one
of the four GSM bands (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz)
• Most affected frequency bands• 13750 – 13760 MHz -> LOF 12800 MHz
• 13950 – 14010 MHz -> LOF 13050 MHz
• 14490 – 14500 MHz -> LOF 15450 MHz
(inverted)
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
New VSAT Tools #2 - GSM Demodulation (Cont.)…
GSM Demodulation Tool
• Low cost development and investment
• High efficiency and flexibility
• « Another tool in the box »
• System Overview… • Interested?
• We are ready make our development available to IRG members• We enable the contact to producing company
• Possibility to purchase the product
GSM Leaking in to a bad cable!
L-Band
Page 9
www.siecams.comRestricted © Siemens Convergence Creators GmbH, 2014 All rights reserved.
SIECAMS ILS ONE: Localization with ONLY ONE Satellite
SIECAMS ILS ONE Key Features:
� SIECAMS Offers a New Way of Finding Interferences Without
Adjacent Satellite (ILS ONE)
� The Method is Based on EIRP Variations Which are Compared With
All Other Carriers Transmit via the Same Satellite
� No Separate HW is Needed for ILS ONE
Page 10
www.siecams.comRestricted © Siemens Convergence Creators GmbH, 2014 All rights reserved.
SIECAMS ILS ONE: Interferer Power versus Time/Signature Calculation
Signature
Comparison
with Other
Traffic
Power of
Interfering
Traffic (vs. time)
Page 11
www.siecams.comRestricted © Siemens Convergence Creators GmbH, 2014 All rights reserved.
SIECAMS ILS ONE: Best Matching Carrier Detection
Interferer
Best Matching Carrier
Other Traffic
Other Traffic
Page 12
www.siecams.comRestricted © Siemens Convergence Creators GmbH, 2014 All rights reserved.
SIECAMS ILS ONE: Best Matching Carrier - Interference Found
Interfering Station / Antenna
Interference
Best Matching Carrier
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
(SDA)…
RFI FUNCTIONS FOR THE SPACE DATA CENTRE (SDC)
� RF Payload Data & Geolocation - Data describing transponders and connectivity (not customer carrier data):
Frequencies, Polarizations, Connectivity, Beam Antenna Pattern Data, Reference Carrier Freq./Pol/Location/Bandwidth
� Benefit: SDC computes optimum pairing of satellites for selection by the member; provides data
formatted for the geolocation system; data immediately available for geolocation
� Drifting satellites and LEOP (Fly-by) - TT&C Data for Satellites: Beacon, Command and Telemetry Frequencies,
Command EIRP
� Benefit: Analysis and Automatic alerts for potential fly-by RFI
� Contacts (Phonebook) - For RF Payload teams: Name, Email, Phone, Role (24x7 Management, Ops Centre, etc.)
� Benefit: Member-maintained, single reliable contacts database
� RFI Alert (seeking Information & Assistance) - Information describing an Event, or information you need:
Affected Service, Transponder, Connectivity, Frequency, RFI Characteristics, attach Plots as needed, Comments
� Benefit: Focused distribution; message tracking; feedback
� RFI Database (Historical Information, Case Studies) - Similar Data as for ‘RFI Alert”, for Historical reference:
Info describing an Event, Investigation performed, Resolution, Techniques, Test Equipment, poor Vendor equipment
� Benefit: Members can search RFI events, find useful information
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
Deliberate Jamming!
Bats intentionally jam each other's sonar to steal meals!It's frustrating when your smartphone loses its signal in the middle of a call or when downloading a webpage. But
for bats, a sudden loss of its sonar signal means missing an insect meal in mid-flight. Now there's evidence to
suggest that bats are sneakily using sonar jamming techniques to make their fellow hunters miss their tasty targets.
Like other bats, the Mexican free-tailed bat uses echolocation to pinpoint prey insects in the dark. But when many
bats hunt in the same space, they can interfere with each other's echoes, making detection more difficult.
Jamming happens when a sound disrupts a bat's ability to extract location information from the echoes returning from its prey. Previous research
has shown that Mexican free-tailed bats can get around this jamming by switching to higher pitches. Using different sound frequencies to map the
hunting grounds around them allows many bats to hunt in the same space. In these studies, jamming of each other's signals was seemingly
inadvertent - a simple consequence of two bats attempting to echolocate in close proximity. But evidence has been found of sneakier goings-on.
Sonar sabotage…
They have found a second type of sonar jamming in these bats - intentional sabotage of a fellow bat. "In this study, the jamming is on purpose and
the jamming signal has been designed by evolution to maximally disrupt the other bat's echolocation," they say. Comparing flight-path calculations
with audio and video field recordings. They discovered that these bats emit special ultrasonic signals that interfere with the echolocation of other
bats that are attacking insect prey.
"For this type of jamming, the interfering sound needs to overlap the echoes in time and frequency, " this is unlike previously described accidental
jamming, which covers only a single frequency, so can be avoided by shifting to another frequency. "This jamming signal covers all the frequencies
used by the other bats, so there's no available frequency to shift to."
Courtesy of the New Scientist…
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26513-zoologger-bats-jam-each-others-sonar-to-steal-meals.html#.VG9GDK0qWHs
Bats intentionally jam each other's sonar to steal meals!
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
Jamming - Standardize the Evidence & Record!
Reactive Solution – Processes, Tools & Technology…
• New standards to being developed for Geolocation Data output (agreed at CabSat 2013 between
SAT Corp, Siemens & Zodiac Aerospace) including ITU request to initialize development of a
standard for all ITU submissions. First draft Geolocation Output Data template being developed;
with a view to creating an ISO standards for Reporting and Processes…
• Develop a Common Database of Events…
Standardized Geo-
Different Operators
Standardized Geo-location Reports from Different Operators
Common Database ITU
Presented by Martin Coleman Executive Director sIRG
Mechanical reflector antennas• beam shape is fixed
• jamming direction detection achieved separately
• isolation from jamming is provided
beam pointing mechanically away
from the jamming direction(s)
TODAY TOMORROW
Active antenna (Earth deck)• beam shaping electronically
• shaping of useful receiving zones
• also used for jamming direction detection
• shaping of receiving beam for exclusion zones
Future Technical Trends – Satellite Receive antennas
Presented by Martin Coleman Executive Director sIRG
Tabriz
Tehran
Jamming – Direction Detection and Isolation
Example simulation:
Active antenna providing
5 uplink zones and isolating
Tabriz and Tehran after
jamming direction detection
Jamming Isolation
Jamming Detection
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
The Good News…
High Quality, Unaffected
Satellite Services
Amount of Capacity
experiencing Interference…
Could be from Minor
Service Degradation to Full
Outage!!!
The not so good news…
Although a very small percentage of our
capacity is affected, this could be a real
problem for the affected Customer(s) If
they suffer degraded service, or full
outage!
To a Satellite Operator it is a significant cost
in terms of:
− Degraded Customer Service or Unusable
Capacity;
− Staff to Investigate Interference;
− Infrastructure, Monitoring/Geolocation
Systems, and software Tools to analyse
Interference.
What about using our Data?…
…using our Data &
create “Big Data”
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
Technology Summary…
Satellite…
• Coverage Isolation: Cellular/Multi Beam Infrastructure - e.g. Inmarsat/Ka-Band; Transmit Uplink Spot Beams
• Backup Services slots, Satellite Transponders, Shared Coverage
• Flexibility Frequency/Switching/Processing & cross-strapped Transponders
• Active Arrays: Antenna Beam Shaping & Steerable Beams
• On-Board Geolocation, Data Modules (ESA/QinetiQ)
Ground…
• Better/Accurate/Available/Shared Ephemeris Data (SDA)
• Ensure all Uplinkers have better Monitoring facilities - Spectrum & Carrier
• Set standards for Monitoring & Management Systems
• Develop & Automate Global Reporting Systems
• Geolocation –Standardised Process & Reporting
• Predictive Methods, using Politics/Events; Targeted Content & put a “Watch” on services
• Coordination between IMS, Sat Ops & Commercial Geolocation Ops
• Suppression; Smart Receivers/Filtering; Better Service & Frequency Planning Strategies
• Use of “Big Data” to look for RFI Types, Prediction & Solutions?
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
THANK YOU!Background & Contact details follow…
satellite Interference Reduction Group
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
…background on IRG
� The former Satellite Users Interference Reduction Group (SUIRG) was restructured in February 2011 and rebranded:
satellite Interference Reduction Group (IRG) …focused on Technology Solutions!
� It will actively pursue interference reduction by promoting:
� Coordination with other industry organizations to address regulatory issues, and ensure adoption of
Carrier ID
� Investigation and development of new technologies, techniques and processes
� Assist in the development of best operational practices, training and certification programs for
broadcasters, uplinkers and users
through its End User Initiative (EUI) - a division of IRG
� Support & coordinate with APSCC, CASBAA, GVF, MilSatCom, SMi, SSPi, WBU-ISOG and the WTA
� Members total 31, including the major satellite operators
� More input needed, promote new ideas, grow participation, expand industry-wide implementation of
interference mitigation initiatives.
Presented by Martin Coleman - Executive Director sIRG www.satirg.org
for more Group Information - Contact…
� sIRG: Exec Director: Martin Coleman
Email: [email protected]
� GVF: Secretary General: David Hartshorn
Email: [email protected]
� WBU-ISOG: http://www.worldbroadcastingunions.org/wbuarea/committees/isog.asp
� EUI: Dick Tauber
Email: [email protected]
(…for the Broadcaster perspective)