Architectural Association Infrastructure Padrão FIFA

AA VISITING SCHOOL 2014 RIO DE JANEIROINFR

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FIFA

Studio-X Global Network

ORGANIzED BY THEO THEO SARANTOGLOu LALIS, DORA SwEIJD, ANNE SAVE DE BEAuRECuEIL, FRANKLIN LEEwITH LIVIA DINIz, TIAGO GuIMARÃES RODRIGuES

© 2013 by AA London, Studio XTexts by permission of the authors.Illustrations, models and images by permission of the authors.

Editorial Coordination: Theo SarantoglouPhotography: AA Visiting School Rio 2014 StudentsReview: Theo Sarantoglou, Dora Sweijd, Anne Save de BeaurecueilDesign, cover design, and setting: Tiago Guimarães RodriguesProduction: AA Visiting School Rio 2014

Bibliographic information by Livia Diniz

The Architectural Association, Inc. is a Registered Charity Incorporated as a Company limited by guarantee. 3FHJTUFSFE�JO�&OHMBOE�/P��3FHJTUFSFE�PGmDF��Bedford Square, London

http://aaschool.ac.uk/

©2014 Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia university 1172 Amsterdam Avenue New York, New York 10027

http://www.arch.columbia.edu/studio-x-global

06

"FOI-SE A COPA?"

FOI-SE A COPA? NÃO FAZ MAL.ADEUS CHUTES E SISTEMAS.A GENTE PODE, AFINAL,CUIDAR DE NOSSOS PROBLEMAS.

FALTOU INFLAÇÃO DE PONTOS?PERDURA A INFLAÇÃO DE FATO.DEIXAREMOS DE SER TONTOSSE CHUTARMOS NO ALVO EXATO.

O POVO, NOUTRO TORNEIO,HAVENDO TENACIDADE,GANHARÁ, RIJO, E DE CHEIO, A COPA DA LIBERDADE.

Carlos Drummond de Andrade

Rio de Janeiro, 1978

08

1 Socio Political context of Maracana 1.1 CONTEXT _MARACANÃ CONTEXT _HISTORY _FIFA STANDARDS _PuBLIC DEMANDS _COMMuNITIES AND INSTITuTIONNAL NETwORK _REVERSIBLE INFRASTRuCTuRE _INDIGENOuS HOuSE _ESCOLA MuNICIPAL FRIEDNREICH 1.2 URBAN ANALYSIS _LAND uSE MAPS AND _PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND NEIGHBOuRING INSTITuTIONS 1.3 CIRCULATION ANALYSIS AND CARTOGRAPHY OF SITE DEFI-CIENCIES _MAP 1. SOLAR STuDY _MAP 2. CIRCuLATION ANALYSIS _MAP 3. PROGRAM ANALYSIS _MAP 4. ACCESS ANALYSIS _MAP 5. CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS

2 Project 2.1 PROJECT HYPOTHESIS _PROJECTS 2.2 URBAN PROPOSAL 2.3 ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSALS 2.4 GROUND FORMATIONS _DIGITAL TOOLS

3 Prototyping Ideas 3.1 CANOPY DEVELOPMENT _COMPONENT STuDY _DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES _INSTALLATION DESIGN AND IN SITu ASSEMBLY

3.2 URBAN GROUND DEVELOPMENT _MANuFACTuRING PROCESSES 3.3 DIGITAL TOOLS

3.4 MANUFACTURING METHODS

4 Studio Life 4.1 EVENTS

4.2 VISITS

4.3 STuDIO LIFE

4.4 PARTICIPANTS

4.5 TEACHING STAFF

09

AA VISITING SCHOOLRIO DE JANEIRO2014

BRIEF

Our objective is to investigate new possibilities for the urban infrastructure surrounding World Cup 6WDGLXPV��1DWLRQ�ZLGH�� WKHUH� KDV� EHHQ� VLJQL¿FDQW�investment to build and renovate stadiums for the 2014 World Cup in order to meet the required standard FIFA regulations (‘Padrão FIFA’). At the same time, there has been a large public demand for equal investment into transport systems, public space, and public programs such as hospitals and schools. The Visiting School will tap into the momentum of this movement, and promote a series of interventions within and around the World Cup structures, proposing new public programs and standards for their legacy. Students can choose to focus directly on the Maracanã stadium in Rio de Janeiro, the venue for the Final match of the World Cup. The intense ten-day workshop will employ computational design and digital fabrication to introduce a design methodology that creatively automates and promotes transformation, mutation and complexity for these infrastructure interventions.

Tuesday 15 – Thursday 24 April 2014

RIO: SOCIO POLITIC

12

MARACANACONTEXT

A source of national pride, Maracanã

stadium stirs strong emotion amongst

Rio’s population. Considered to be the most

famous Football Stadium of the world, the

slogan, “O Maraca é nosso!” – or “Maraca

(local nickname for the stadium ) is ours” -,

was the anthem for Rio’s demonstrations

from 2013 until now. Against privatization,

people claimed the stadium as a public

good: “The privatization is an insult to

our national heritage. Maracanã belongs

to Brazil”.

A state-of-the-art stadium is promised

but it has its controversies. Romario, ex-

football player, that today is a politician,

GHFODUHG� WKDW� WKH� FKDQJH� ZLOO� GLV¿JXUH�historical ground: “Brazil has lost the

World Cup outside the pitch”.

There is a problem with transparency.

The population wants explanations for

everything that concerns Maracanã’s

³UHWUR¿WWLQJ´�

14

Another problem is a rigid new set of regulations for spectators: As per the document below from the Director of Football Operations:7KH�HQWUDQFH�DQG� LQVWDOODWLRQ�RI�EDQQHUV�DQG�RU� ODUJH�ÀDJV� LV� LQGH¿-nitely prohibited on the upper and intermediate rings of the stadium. This measure, for amongst other reasons, is to avoid blocking visibility and to eventually allow for the installation of advertising panels.

The presidente of the Maracanã Consortium S. A., João Borba, stated in July 2013:“We have to work with the football clubs to bring about this change of habits: like giant banners, bamboo masts, shirtless fans, watching the JDPHV�VWDQGLQJ�XS«,�ZDV�ODVW�ZHHNHQG�DW�WKH�:LPEOHGRQ�¿QDOV��DQG�on the invitation it was written that a certain type of clothing was ‘not recommended’. When an English person reads ‘not recommended’, he understand that he should not use that type of clothing.

“People from all of different social classes converge at the biggest sports’ stadium in the world”

Jornal dos Sports about Maracanã’s inauguration in 19/07/1950

15

16

17

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THE QUESTION OF LEGACY

Inspired by public demands and the World Cup Villages proposed by Sergio C. Trindade, we have directed the projects to accommodate multiple, long-term, everyday programs for a larger sector of society. By integrating education institutes, traditional culture, and local communities from maracanã’s surroundings, we question what games we challenge ourselves to play, what we want to be champions of.

“… the real business of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil should be to provide long-term sustainable development opportunities to WKH� DHFWHG� FRPPXQLWLHV�� WUDQVFHQGLQJ�WKH� LPPHGLDWH� WRXUQDPHQW�� 7KLV� FDQ�EH� DFKLHYHG� E\� FRQFHLYLQJ� RI� WKH� VWDGLD�LQIUDVWUXFWXUH� DV� VXVWDLQDEOH� ³:RUOG�

4500BUILDERS WORKING

ON

MARACANA

<1%OF THE SEATS MEETS

THE ACCESSIBILTY STANDARDS

8350FAMILIES REMOVED IN FAVOR OF THE

CONSTRUCTION SITES

170kFAMILIES REMOVED IN

BRAZIL

R$30 BITOTAL SPENT ON THE

BUILDINGS

85%TOTAL OF THE MONEY COMING FROM PUBLIC

COFFERS

&XS�9LOODJHV´�� LQVWHDG�RI� VLWHV� IRU�SRVW�&XS� RFFDVLRQDO� IRRWEDOO� PDWFKHV�� 6XFK�DSSURDFK� ZRXOG� FRQYHUW� WKH� FXUUHQW�FKDOOHQJHV� UDLVHG� E\� SXEOLF� FODPRU�into opportunities for sustainable GHYHORSPHQW�� 3XEOLF� JULHYDQFHV�ZRXOG� EH� DQVZHUHG� E\� PDNLQJ� VWDGLD�LQIUDVWUXFWXUH� DQ� HHFWLYH� DQFKRU�WR� SURYLGH� KHDOWK� FDUH�� HGXFDWLRQ��FXOWXUDO�� SURGXFWLYLW\�� WUDLQLQJ�� DQG�FRPPHUFLDO� VHUYLFHV� �KRWHOV�� WRXULVP��VKRSSLQJ�� KRXVLQJ�� RFHV�� VXSSRUWHG�E\� DGHTXDWH� WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ� DQG� RWKHU�LQIUDVWUXFWXUH�´

World Cup Final: (Uruguai x Brazil, 1950)more than 150,000 people standing up

FEDERATION CUP Final: (SPAIN x Brazil, 2013)football ‘opera’80 000 sitting down

19

The following is a list of public demands compiled by the group Consulta Pública Popular (http://consulta.omaracaenosso.org.br) produced through discussions and surveys of citizens, asking them what they want for the future of the Maracanã.

PUBLIC DEMANDS

20

http://consulta.omaracaenosso.org.br

COMMUNITIES ANDINSTITUTIONAL WORK

Considering that this site has two completely dif-ferent use scenarios: one on regular days and an-other one on mega events days, the project has WR�EH�ÀH[LEOH�WR�DFFRPPRGDWH�SHGHVWULDQV¶�QHHGV�on regular days and also to accommodate visitors coming to the stadium in special days.To be ideal for both uses, lots of bleachers and inclined planes were used over the entire site, in a way to provide a variety of uses, including cultural, educational, leisure and social activities, without EHLQJ�DQ�REVWDFOH�WR�WKH�KLJK�ÀRZ�RI�SHRSOH�LQ�mega events days.

Although Maracanã has been completely revitalized in the past few years to meet FIFA Standards for 2014 World Cup, the area surrounding the stadium LV� FKDUDFWHUL]HG� E\� D� ELJ� RSHQ� VSDFH� WR� ¿W� DOO� WKH�football fans entering and exiting the stadium on mega events days. Besides this, the space has no use except for runners and cyclists.This project’s main goal is to bring people to those spaces on a regular basis, creating a connection between the stadium and the adjacent buildings – especially for the Favela da Mangueira, educational institutes, the Indigenous Museum (Aldeia Maracanã) and the metro station in the surrounding area.

REVERSIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE

21

01� 7KH� EXLOGLQJ� KDV� VLJQL¿FDQW� KLVWRULFDO��cultural and architectural value.

02�,W�LV�WKH�¿UVW�3URWHFWLRQ�6HUYLFH�DQG�0XVHXP�for Native people.The site has been neglected by the city for decades.

03 The Indigenous citizen’s occupation of the building - called Aldeia Maracanã - has taken place since 2006.

04 The threat of the building’s demolition which provoked social movements that forced the government to renovate the building.

05 There was an arbitrary and violent removal of the indigenous people that were occupying the site.

DIAGNOSISINDIGENOUS HERITAGE

ALDEIA MARACANA

ANALYSIS: INDIGENOUS

HERITAGE SITE

22

PROPOSALSINDIGENOUS HERITAGE

ALDEIA MARACANA

01 Restoration of the building to maintain its architectural characteristics.

02 Construction of the Indigenous University of Maracanã, to create a venue for the production and spread of indigenous cultural knowledge through teaching, research and exchanges.

03 Research and production oftraditional native cuisine.

04 Integration with the adjacent buildings on the site,especially with the education institutions of the neighbourhood.

23

Protest and Frustration at Maracanã Public Meetinghttp://rioonwatch.org/?s=maracana+public+meeting

The planned demolition of the Friedenreich Muncipal School, ranked fourth best public school in the state, to make way for a court has URXVHG�VLJQL¿FDQW�FULWLFLVP�IURP�FLYLO�VRFLHW\�JURXSV��LQFOXGLQJ�SROLWLFDO�mobilization group Meu Rio whose petition to save the school has over 15,000 signatures. Students and parents protested at Thursday’s meeting, with comments of disbelief made on the microphone: “The World Cup will be here for a month and you’re going to demolish a school?”. The Julio Delamare Aquatic Center and Celso de Barros Athletics Stadium used by schools and the surrounding communities are also slated for demolition.

%UD]LO¶V�¿UVW�RFLDO�UHFRJQLWLRQ�RI�LQGLJHQRXV�FXOWXUH�DQG�FXUUHQW�KRPH�WR�a village of indigenous people from all over Brazil since 2006, the former Museu do Índio situated next to the stadium is also to be cleared. What is currently a lively urban village called Aldeia Maracanã with educational FXOWXUDO�HYHQWV�DPRQJ�WKH�UHPDLQV�RI�%UD]LO¶V�¿UVW�LQGLJHQRXV�PXVHXP�LV�to become a parking lot. Carlos Tukano, an indian from Amazonas who has lived in Rio for more than 15 years, said “We are not going to negociate GHPROLWLRQ�� 7KH�:RUOG�&XS�ZRQ¶W� ¿QLVK�ZLWK� XV��:H¶YH� EHHQ�KHUH� IRU�more than 500 years.. We’ve been under pressure for years. We’re not going to leave. We’re going to create a lot of noise and the government is going to be viewed very badly”.

The question of democracy, or lack thereof, was raised repeatedly with protesters calling for the cancellation of the meeting due to the lack of public consultation as to whether the Maracanã be privatized. One VSHDNHU�FDOOHG�WKH�PHHWLQJ�³DQ�DURQW�WR�GHPRFUDF\´��7KH�SDQHO�LJQRUHG�the requests. The palpable frustration among the crowd and general sentiment that the meeting wasn’t a valid democratic exercise led the majority to abandon en masse halfway through.Aurea Xavier, mother of a student at the Freidenreich Muncipal School then took to the microphone with an impassioned speech that well articulates the general mood amongst those present:“You spoke about the democratic issue. Leglislation dictates that there has to be public consultation, there has to be a public meeting and who represents the people at a public meeting are those that attend. None of the citizens here expressed themselves to be in favor of the public-private initiative you’re doing. The people expressed a demand for the cancellation of the meeting and that the people be consulted. This meeting is invalid. We’re not going to stay here because we can see that it’s a farse… The petition we handed you is signed by 15,000 people. I

think the petition, the people’s demonstration, isn’t a minority group. :H� ¿OOHG� WKLV� SODFH� DQG� VDLG� QR� WR� WKH� FRQFHVVLRQDU\� DQG� WKLV� SXEOLF�private partnership. I’m leaving and I invite everyone else to come with me because it’s you [Secretary] that will decided for yourself and we will go through the legal channels to demand a proper Public Meeting.”6HFUHWDU\�5HJLV�)LFKWQHU�UHVSRQGHG�EULHÀ\�WR�WKH�FRPPHQWV��GLVPLVVLQJ�the protest of a “minority” as “anti-democratic”. He expressed the State’s pride over the Friedenreich school and assertions that the new one would be better. He denied the existence of the Aldeia Maracanã indigenous village, dismissing claims that it is anything other than “ruins with a tree growing out of the wall”. He then emphasized how the work would ensure D�IXWXUH�IRU�0DUDFDQm��WKDW�WKH�ÀDJV�ZRXOG�UHPDLQ�DQG�WKHUH�ZRXOG�EH�D�¿[HG�WLFNHW�SULFH�

24

25

ANALYSIS: FRIEDENREICH HIGH

SCHOOL

One of the main concerns regarding the city’s project for Maracanã stadium is the plan to demolish and

relocate the 48-year-old Public Junior High School Friendenreich. The school would lose its identity and

this would be a great loss to the city.

DIAGNOSISFRIENDERICH HIGH SCHOOL

01 Considered a “model” school.

02 It is the 4th best public junior-high school in the city. It is the10th among public Junior high schools in Brasil.

03 There is a strong bond between school employees, students and parents.

04 There is high quality infrastructure.

05 The school is a reference for accessibility.

06 The demolition is planned for 2014, to allow for the construction of warm-up facilities for athletes.

26

PROPOSALSFRIENDERICH HIGH SCHOOL

01 Non-removal of the school

02 Renovation according to the school’s community demands

03 Integration with the sports and cultural building on Maracanã Complex

04 Public School Frienderich to be considered as city heritage landmark status.

27

URBAN ANALYSIS

urban analysis urban analysis 30

urban analysis

higher circulation intensitymild circulation intensitylow circulation intensity

31

urban analysis

Concentration of People_X_Movement Intensity:The mega-event scenario

Spaces of concentration of people standing.

Spaces within a high speed of movement of pedestrians.

Poles of people concentration and areas of fast movement of pedestrians

32

urban analysis

Sketch of the inicial ideaSSSSkkkkeeeeeettttttccccccccchhhhhhhh ooooooooffffff ttttttthhhhhhhhhheeeeeee iiiiiinnnnnnnniiccccccciiaaalll iiiiiddddddddeeeeaaaaa

Physical space quality_diagram

Spaces with a good balance between area of stay and crossing area, shadow and sun light, and well pre-pared for their activi-ties

Spaces unsafed, uncomfortable, durty, not prepared for pedestrians activities and without good mobility.

Spaces that can attract or repulse pedestrians considering only the quality of their physical space

Buildings that have a great physical space related to their scale in the neighborhood, materials and also have balance between public and private space.

33

urban analysis

Usesquality_diagram

Spaces that attract peoplebecause of its potential ofuse and apropriation, thatsometimes are necessaryto the people. -

-

Spaces that repulse peoplebecause of its missing ofpotential of use.

Points that are attractiveto people because ofits uses.

urban analysis

urban analysis

concentration and flows

red areas are hot concentration points:places with high density and programs

blue areas are cold repulsion points:places with few or no density and programs

analysing the map, yellow mild areas can be LGHQWLILHG�DV�SRVVLEOH�SURJUDP�¶EDORRQV·

36

urban analysis

concentration and flows

flow lines are analised as possibleitineraries to reach the interest hot areasof concentration

flow lines are repulsed by abandoned placesand established programs

37

380 100 200 30050

0 100 200 30050

39 urban analysis circulation analysisProgram

Minha Casa

Minha Vida

Maracanã

Complex

Hospital

UERJ

(state

university)

Secundary

School

Metro station

Brazilian Institute of

Geography and

Statistics (IBGE)

Cultural Space

Zoo

Quinta da Boa

Vista Park

Military area

Veiga de

Almeida

university

N

Mangueira

Favela

N

Train Railway

Metro Railway

Local Roads

Secondary Roads

Main Roads

0 100 200 30050100 200 300

urban analysis program analysisProgram

Minha Casa

Minha Vida

Maracanã

Complex

Hospital

UERJ

(state

university)

Secundary

School

Metro station


Geography and

Statistics (IBGE)

Cultural Space

Zoo

Quinta da Boa

Vista Park

Military area

Veiga de

Almeida

university

N

Mangueira

Favela

Minha Casa

Minha Vida

Maracanã

Complex

Hospital

UERJ

(state

university)

Secundary

School

Metro station


Geography and

Statistics (IBGE)

Cultural Space

Zoo

Quinta da Boa

Vista Park

Military area

Veiga de

Almeida

university

N

Program

Mangueira

Favela

0 100 200 30050

0 100 200 30050

CICLOVIA

CICLOVIA

CICLOVIA

urban analysis access analysisProgram

Minha Casa

Minha Vida

Maracanã

Complex

Hospital

UERJ

(state

university)

Secundary

School

Metro station


Geography and

Statistics (IBGE)

Cultural Space

Zoo

Quinta da Boa

Vista Park

Military area

Veiga de

Almeida

university

N

Mangueira

Favela

N

Access

Access

0 100 200 300500 100 200 30050

urban analysis concentration analysisProgram

Minha Casa

Minha Vida

Maracanã

Complex

Hospital

UERJ

(state

university)

Secundary

School

Metro station


Geography and

Statistics (IBGE)

Cultural Space

Zoo

Quinta da Boa

Vista Park

Military area

Veiga de

Almeida

university

N

Mangueira

Favela

N

Concentration of people

3

2

1

0 100 200 300500 100 200 30050

urban analysis solar analysisProgram

Minha Casa

Minha Vida

Maracanã

Complex

Hospital

UERJ

(state

university)

Secundary

School

Metro station


Geography and

Statistics (IBGE)

Cultural Space

Zoo

Quinta da Boa

Vista Park

Military area

Veiga de

Almeida

university

N

Mangueira

Favela

Shadow PathN

6h 17h11:30h

PROJECT hypothesis:o maracA É NOSSO

PROJECT

The proposal’s main challenge was to accommodate the public demands of WZR�FRPSOHWHO\�GLHUHQW�VFHQDULRV��PHJD�events days, when big empty open spaces are needed to manage the extremely high ÀRZ�RI�SHRSOH��DQG�RQ�D�GD\�WR�GD\�EDVLV��ZKHQ�D�YDULHW\�RI�XVHV�VKRXOG�EH�RHUHG�WR�attract other type of users, and to connect Maracanã Stadium’s landscape area to adjacent buildings – such as UERJ (State University of Rio de Janeiro), Indigenous Museum (Aldeia Maracanã), Public Junior High School Friendereich, Metro Station and Favela da Mangueira.

DELAMINATING FLOWSMulti-functional delaminating flows which organize clusters of social, cultural and educational programs to accommodate the indigenous people’s demands, such as the realization of social movements and the dissemination of their culture in order to integrate indigenous community in the society and to revive the memory of the area.This space can also be used for educational purposes to support the University of Maracanã’s – Aldeia Maracanã project that will be developed in the former Indigenous Museum’s building.

50

GROUNDFORMATIONS

A network of ground formations of variable socialization was designed. The preliminary hypothesis was that the rapid expansion of information technologies and greater efficiency in transportation networks has diluted the distinction between working, living and leisure affecting the way we design and experience boundaries in architecture. Given the coexistence between the sports events and the nested civic programs, a strategy of buildings without walls was developed for keeping enclosure at a minimum and capitalizing on exterior occupancy. The purpose was to design a set of programmatic elements for sitting, teaching, performing and gradually merging them with more neutrally programmed grounds that are optimized for flows. Through a series of digital design workshops, we developed new boundaries and thresholds through surface studies involving folding, pinching, splitting, stepping, terracing, blending, and bending. The focus of our experimentation was on how landform is derived: from pedestrian flows, the organization of perception and socialization. Through our design, we challenged notions of established hierarchy (the stadium as monument and the ground platform), ownership and defined new instances of civic appropriation.

ground formations André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc

ground formations André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc

52

ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde

53

TWAINCURVES

The intervention consists in topographical surfaces IRUPHG�IURP�VOLGLQJ�FXUYHV�WKDW�ÀRZV�DFURVV�WKH�ZKROH�site, instigating people to appropriate from the forms, that suggest some uses.Next to the Public School Friendereich, there is a platform that suggests an amphitheater for the kids to play and experience life on a stage. The surface also serves to the crowds that concentrate in this area during game days. The Bellini statue was revalued with some steps that allow people to come closer to a national idol. Beside the VWUHHW�� WKH� DUWL¿FLDO� WRSRJUDSK\� SURWHFWV� IURP� WKH� FDUV�and provides some pleasant spots to stay and enjoy the day. The intervention also supports ephemeral street market, the “ambulantes”, which make their lives selling on streets. This informal market will take over the area with itinerant modules moved by cycling, that which vendor will personalize, with a “jeitinho brasileiro”.

54 ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde

55 ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde

56

pedestrian pathwaylines and points of attraction

point of attraction andinfluenced aereas

base grid and points

surface

contour

topography created

topography created

extrude in Y and Zdirection

ground formations Pedro Magalhães & Clarice Rohde

LEVELBRIDGE

Due to the politics of the favela inhabitants’ exclusion and the prohibition of non-paying people to the stadium’s surrounding public landscape, the bridge – that nowadays connects UERJ, Maracanã and Metro Station - was redesigned to include Favela da Mangueira to the site creating both physical and social connections.Physically, an expansion for the bridge was proposed to connect the Metro Station and the favela. The new

bridge should also have social activities – such as free health support, informal markets, an open library, HWF��±�ORFDWHG�RQ�WZR�GLHUHQW�OHYHOV�LQ�RUGHU�WR�KDYH�activities occurring every day, including mega events. The idea is to have these activities happening on the metro access level on a regular basis – because of the VPDOO�ÀRZ�RI�XVHUV�WKH\�JHQHUDWH�±�DQG�RQ�WKH�VHFRQG�level on event days so the everyday activities will not be an obstacle for the large amount of people accessing Maracanã’s Stadium.

57 ground formationsVitor Vieira, Denivaldo Pereira e Antonio Maurício

58ground formationsNatalia Meyohas & Lis Pamplona

these vertical structures are also marking some bifurcation of the bridge

VERTICAL STRUCTURES ON THE BRIDGE

street with informal market

higher level for other activities

Always empty Place where people stay in soccer days Place of passage Car flowsFLOWS CURRENT SITUATION

59 ground formationsNatalia Meyohas & Lis Pamplona

60ground formationsTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu

ATHLETICS CONVENTION HALLBleachers arise from the ground following a triangular modulation. Under the bleachers, there are some internal spaces that will be used for educational and social activities. The users also can go upstairs to access the balcony to view the site landscape or watch races from an elevated perspective.

61

final _ model

62ground formationsJoão Manoel Brino & Antonio Maurício

63

CANOPY &URBAN GROUND DEVELOPMENT

The canopy was designed to be adaptable to different uses and activities around Maracanã Stadium, from sports events to the proposed everyday public activities, offering much needed shaded space on the expansive site. The structural anchoring strategy emerges from characteristics of the site to support vaulting minimal surface configurations made up of smaller components.

66canopy developmentdeployment strategy

CANOPYDEVELOPMENT

A shadow analysis of the site was conducted to determine locations of high solar exposure that need WKH�VRODU�SURWHFWLRQ�RHUHG�E\�WKH�FDQRS\��6HFRQGO\��high points of the site were located, for example the tops of lighting posts and other structures to serve as a triangulated support network for a system of cable structures to support the vaults of the canopies.

67

A prototype of the canopy structure was built within the Studio X space. Curved pipe vaults were suspended from the existing trusses of the space to support a system of chords that thread through the eyelets of the components. The overall global formation was determined through a series of form-¿QGLQJ�H[HUFLVHV��)LQDOO\�D�FRORU�VWUDWHJ\�EDVHG�RQ�attraction points was used to distribute a gradating V\VWHP�RI�GLHUHQW�FRORUV�IRU�WKH�FRPSRQHQWV�

INSTALLATION DESIGN IN-SITU ASSEMBLY

68

69

16,2%

gray

whi

te

red

pink

purp

le

blue

blac

k

trans

pare

nt

21,2% 49,5% 3,1% 2,1% 2,8% 2,5% 2,6%

70canopy developmentcolor coding elements

16,2%

gray

whi

te

red

pink

purp

le

blue

blac

k

trans

pare

nt

21,2% 49,5% 3,1% 2,1% 2,8% 2,5% 2,6%

COMPONENT STUDY

7KH�ÀH[LEOH�QDWXUH� RI� WKH�GLDPRQG� H\H� VKDSHG�FRPSRQHQW� DOORZV� IRU� LWV� DGDSWLRQ� WR� GLHUHQW�OHYHOV�RI�FXUYDWXUH�RI�WKH�GLHUHQW�YDXOWV�RI�WKH�site canopies. The individual components can double in width, creating elastic transformations depending on the global geometry. The component was manufactured by c.n.c. milling a mold of foam, and thermo-forming foam sheets on top of the mold. Eyelet rivets on four points of the component allow for a diamond grid tiling connection strategy. Finally, cables are run through the component eyelets to suspend them from supporting vault structures.

71

Components

V1

V2

V3_final

V1

V2

V3_final

Grids and development

72canopy developmentcomponent study

Components

V1

V2

V3_final

V1

V2

V3_final

Grids and development

73

74

Compression and Tension

Compression

13.50

MIN MAX

36.00 50.50

Normal Tension

Perspective Arch type 1Section Arch type 1


Space development

canopy developmentcomponent study

Compression and Tension

Compression

13.50

MIN MAX

36.00 50.50

Normal Tension



Space development

75

76canopy developmentmesh and color coding

125

164

382

2219162420

Canopie

77

125

164

382

2219162420

Canopie

canopy developmentinstalation design

canopy developmentinstalation design

urban grounds development André Fernandes & Blaz Grudnik Tominc

82

Community centre

Redefining existing shapes New urban landscape

Indigenous University of Maracanã

Connecting neighborhoods

URBAN GROUNDDEVELOPMENT

A network of ground formations of variable socialization was designed. The preliminary hypothesis was that the rapid expansion of LQIRUPDWLRQ� WHFKQRORJLHV� DQG� JUHDWHU� HFLHQF\� LQ�transportation networks has diluted the distinction EHWZHHQ� ZRUNLQJ�� OLYLQJ� DQG� OHLVXUH� DHFWLQJ�the way we design and experience boundaries in architecture. Given the coexistence between the sports events and the nested civic programs, a strategy of buildings without walls was developed for keeping enclosure at a minimum and capitalizing on exterior occupancy. The purpose was to design a set of programmatic elements for sitting, teaching, performing and gradually merging them with more neutrally programmed grounds that are optimized IRU� ÀRZV�� 7KURXJK� D� VHULHV� RI� GLJLWDO� GHVLJQ�workshops, we developed new boundaries and thresholds through surface studies involving folding, pinching, splitting, stepping, terracing, blending, and bending. The focus of our experimentation was RQ�KRZ�ODQGIRUP�LV�GHULYHG��IURP�SHGHVWULDQ�ÀRZV��the organization of perception and socialization. Through our design, we challenged notions of established hierarchy (the stadium as monument DQG� WKH� JURXQG�SODWIRUP�� RZQHUVKLS� DQG�GH¿QHG�new instances of civic appropriation.

83


84

85


86

87


urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu

development _ triangulation

creation of triangulation based on interconnectionof points

90

canopy

topography entrance

balcony

bleachers

isometric_model

91

development _ geometry

creation of slopes, stairs and quiosques based on the triangulation lines

92 urban grounds developmentTiago Guimarães & Jonas Abreu

93




98

99

Pieces

BENCHcut operation

Com

posit

ions

Using a foam block of 3m x 1m x 0.5m. We have made simply shapes and forms to have the maximum use and minimum waste of the cuts areas. So we’ve decide to make cuts that can be use the positive and negative areas.

Here we have the cuts diagrams

By cutting de foam, we have this 6 forms and 8 pieces above, that we can organize as we want.

urban furniture developmentVictor Vieira & Antonio Maurício

100

When finished, we questioned the feasabili-ty of the design, taking in consideration the amouth of material, tools and time on our hands. We decided to design another ver-sion, maintaining the same creative process but trying to suceed where we had previ-ously failed.

to minimize the amout of material used but to maximize the amout of interactions between the modules we designed two modules and mirrored them, so we had four modules which we could produce using only two pairs of guides

101

0.5m

1m

We began the design process by creating two different modules of seating spaces, for one person and two people. We then modified the geometry to make it more ergonomic and and increase the the possiblities of interactions between the geometries.

Above, the main geometry that we decided upon.

After that we begane curving the form in order to mazimize the quantity and versatility of the form

And to make the volume more interesting but keeping in mind our production constraints we designed a bottom for the piece.

Spaces were created in the unused parts of the seat where we will add greenery.

BenchUsing our intial designs and studies on urban planning and transformtions we began working on the design of a bench that could be built on real size. Due to the very limeted amount of ma-terial that we had available (a single block of 3m x 1m x 0.5m of foam) we tried do develop a design which would leave the mini-mum amount of waste as possible. The best tools we had available the project were a “hot wire cutter” and guide lines which we would design digitaly and use a 3 axis CNC router to produce in real size.

3m

1m

0.5m

urban furniture developmentVictor Vieira & Antonio Maurício

102

103 urban furniture developmentwood mold

urban furniture developmentassembly sequence

104

105

To accommodate this respon¬siveness, the design was developed using parametric associative modeling – as Rhinoceros and Grasshopper - and digital fabrication using the CNC, Laser Cutters and 3D Printer.

DIGITAL TOOLS

MANUFACTURING METHODS

108

110

STUDIO LIFE

STUDIO X

LECTURERS

Paula Camargo - Centro Carioca de Design

Renato Cosentino - Comitê Popular da Copa e Olimpíada

Pedro Rivera - Studio X

studio life presentations

114

studio life lectures

studio life Maracanã visit

116

117

studio life barracão visit

118

119

Are the founding directors of LASSA (lassa-architects.com), an international architecture and urban design VWXGLR� ZLWK� RFHV� LQ� /RQGRQ� DQG� %UXVVHOV�� /DVVD� LV�currently focusing on commissions in Europe, Asia and the North Africa. Since 2009, Theo and Dora are involved in academic research at the Architecture Association through the work of diploma 17. Dora Sweijd received her masters from the Bartlett School of Architecture in London. She previously worked at a number of practices in Brussels, London and NY including REX and Foster + Partners. Theo Sarantoglou Lalis received his masters from the Bartlett school of Architecture in London. He has taught postgraduate studios at Columbia University and Harvard University. Prior to founding LASSA, he held project director positions at Future Systems and Asymptote. In 2010, LASSA was awarded a European UHVHDUFK� JUDQW� LQ� WKH� ¿HOG� RI� DGYDQFHG� OLJKWLQJ�� LQ�partnership with world leading specialists as well as research institutions throughout Europe and was recently shortlisted for the Chernikov award. LASSA is a chartered architecture company with the Architects registration board (ARB) in London, UK.

Are directors of SUBdV (www.SUBdV.com), using a mixture of high and low design technologies to generate socially and environmentally responsive geometries for architecture and urban design projects. They were AA Diploma Unit 2 Masters from 2005 to 2010 and taught at the Pratt Institute and Columbia University in New York, from where they both also received Master’s degrees. They have published, exhibited and lectured about their work worldwide, including the Beijing Biennale, the Rotterdam Biennale, the Athens Synthasoris Exhibition, the London Festival of Architecture, and the Festival of Electronic Language (FILE) in São Paulo. The work of AA Diploma Unit 2 has been featured in AD, ArchiCree, and the AA Agendas 7 Articulated Grounds: Mediating Environment and Culture publication. They are also currently coordinating the AA Brazil Visiting Schools and are working on architecture projects for various grassroots micro-agencies, ranging from self-organized favela residents’ associations, to carnival samba schools in Rio de Janeiro, to a former boxer champion’s informal sports academy under the viaducts in São Paulo. These projects are realised through a negotiation between formal and informal entities, as well as between public and private agencies, to produce socially empowering interventions, combining computation and digital fabrication with local techniques, materials and economies.

Theo Sarantoglou Lalis & Dora Sweijd

FRANKLIN LEE & ANNE SAVE DE BEAURECUEIL

Victor Sardenberg works at SUBdV (www.SUBdV.com), holds a diploma of Architect and Urbanist from Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie, is co-writer of “Arquiteturas Avançadas” blog at Revista aU, member of the research group Teo.Pro (Theory and Project in Digital Era) and of the artistic ensemble EPICAC Tropical. His activities are between architecture, arts, sound installations and computation.

Joseph Swan is an architect from Ireland, who received his diploma from the University of Ireland. He has worked for Heneghan Peng Arquitetos in Ireland, as well as the Advanced Geometry Unit, created by Cecil Balmond at Ove Arup Engineers in London. He specializes in parametric design and advanced digital fabrication technologies.He is currently working in Brazil.

Orion Campos is an architect who graduated from UNESP-Bauru in 2010 and participated in the the AA Visiting School Rio de Janeiro in April 2012 as well as the ‘Responsive Architecture Studio’ at UNICAMP in the second semester of 2012. He has ZRUNHG�LQ�RFHV�VSHFLDOL]HG�LQ�GLHUHQW�DUHDV��ZKHUH�KH�ZDV�DEOH�WR�SDUWLFLSDWH�LQ�DOO�SKDVHV�DQG�DW�WKH�GLHUHQW�VFDOHV�RI�WKH�architectural project. Actually he works at SUBdV (www.SUBdV.com).

Lívia Diniz is a member of the Samba School for Kids Pimpolhos da Grande Rio’s artistic team and works with Art Direction IRU�¿OPV��WKHDWHU�DQG�HYHQWV��/tYLD�VWXGLHG�DW�WKH�)LQH�$UWV�6FKRRO�DW�5LR�GH�-DQHLUR¶V�)HGHUDO�8QLYHUVLW\�DQG�GHYHORSV�FRVWXPH�and scenography projects combining carnival esthetics with visual arts, reused materials, social approaches and technology.

Alex A. Tsolakis, born in Athens gained a Diploma in Architecture at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, before under tak-ing a Master of Arts at the Staedelschule Frankfurt a.M, In 2009 established alphataf - a studio for spatial practice, focusing on architectural consultancy and multimedia installations (Gesamtkunstwerk), www.alphataf.com. Alex is a co-founder and creative director of Blank Slate Journal launched in 2013, www.blankslate.de

Jonas Abreu [email protected]

JoÃo Manoel Caldeira Brino [email protected]

Andre Correa Fernandes [email protected]

Mariana Crego [email protected]

Rodolfo de Albuquerque Torres [email protected]

Jure Glusic [email protected]

Blaz Grudnik Tominc [email protected]

Tiago Guimaraes [email protected]

Pedro Magalhães [email protected]

Nathália Meyohas [email protected]

Lis Pamplona [email protected]

Denivaldo Pereira [email protected]

Antonio Pessoa Mauricio [email protected]

Fabiano Pires [email protected]

Clarice Rohde [email protected]

Maria Elisa Vianna [email protected]

Vitor Vieira [email protected]

Felipe Ferreira [email protected]

Students 2014

1. http://www.pop.com.br/esportes/copa-do-mundo/Copa-do-Mundo-de-2014-tem-gastos-elevados-em-R--2-5-bilhoes-963717.html2.http://www.jogadaensaiada.com.br/especial-je-maracana-como-nasceu-o-templo-do-futebol.html3. http://revistabahia.com.br/2014/02/27/abraji-denuncia-19-agressoes-a-jornalistas-em-manifestacao-contra-a-copa-em-sp/4. http://tribunadonorte.com.br/news.php?not_id=2542755. http://www.humorpolitico.com.br/ruas-que-falam/ruas-que-falam-parte-3/6. https://www.facebook.com/aldeia.maracana.3?fref=ts7. http://www.dignow.org/area/os-protestos-a-copa-e-a-cidade-5914447-899438. http://cmais.com.br/jornalismo/cidades/protesto-contra-a-copa-reune-mil-pessoas-e-termina-com-depredacao-em-sao-paulo9. https://www.facebook.com/events/631520826877750/10. http://www.otempo.com.br/cidades/protestos-deixam-rastro-de-destruição-sujeira-e-pichação-em-belo-horizonte-1.666111

CREDITS

Studio-X Global Network

Documents

Architectural Association Infrastructure Padrão FIFA