Arc Flash Hazard Analysis, General Electric, Tom McGibbon - Nov 07

8/6/2019 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis, General Electric, Tom McGibbon - Nov 07

1/41

GE Energy

Arc-FlashHazard

AnalysisWMEA

Photo courtesy of SquareD and Schneider Electric.


2/41


3/41

3GE Proprietary

Frequent Causes of Arc-Flash

Hazards Extended maintenance cycles Extreme environments Improper PPE Missing or ineffective hazard labeling

Unsafe work practices Complacency

Photo courtesy of Easypower.com


4/41

4GE Proprietary

Drivers for Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis

Employee safety Industry standards

NFPA standards IEEE standards OSHA

Financial liability Regulatory fines Litigation potential Lost production Insurance premiums


5/41

5GE Proprietary

Employee Safety


6/41

6GE Proprietary

Arc-Flash Injury PotentialPotential Health Impacts Burns, Lacerations,Concussions, Broken Bones, Vision Impairment,Fatality Arc-flash injuries occur daily in the U.S.

requiring hospitalization

Arc-plasma temperatures may reach

35,000F (~ 4 x hotter than the sunssurface)

80% of all electrical injuries are burnsfrom electric arc-flash and ignition of

employees' clothing

Courtesy of Coastal Video and Joetedesco.com


7/41

7GE Proprietary

Traditional Studies are InsufficientArc-Flash builds upon your commitment to safetydemonstrated through traditional power systemstudies

GE has over 100 years experiencein performing power system studies

Arc-Flash Utilizes Results from: Short-circuit analysis Protective device coordination study Load flow analysis Harmonic analysis Motor starting study Transient stability


8/41

8GE Proprietary

Securing Safety is in the DetailsArc-Flash Hazard Analysis will calculate: NFPA-based level of PPE required

Areas where PPE can not provide protection


9/41

9GE Proprietary

Industry Standards


10/41

10GE Proprietary

Industry Standards include: NFPA 70, National Electric Code 2005

(110.16)

NEC 2005 Handbook OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269; OSHA1910.132(d)(1)

IEEE Std 1584-2002, IEEE Guide forPerforming Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

and IEEE Std. 1584a-2004 (Amendment 1) NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety inthe Workplace 2004 Edition, 130.3(B)


11/41

11GE Proprietary

OSHA InterpretationThough OSHA does not, per se, enforce the NFPAstandard, 2004 Edition, OSHA considers NFPAstandard a recognized industry practice. Theemployer is required to conduct assessment inaccordance with CFR 1910.132(d)(1).Employers who conduct the hazard/riskassessment as stated in the NFPA 70E standard,2004 Edition, are deemed in compliance with theHazard Assessment and Equipment Selection OSHAstandard.Richard S. Terrill, the Regional Administrator for Occupational Safety andHealth, US Department of Labor for the Northwest Region at Seattle


12/41

12GE Proprietary

OSHA 1910 Subpart S Revisions

Effective Aug 13th, 2007NFPA 70E-2000 is the basis for most of the final

rule. However, there are some parts based uponthe 2002 NEC and even some selected parts ofNFPA 70E 2004 Edition.

The Agency intends to extend thecommitment by using NFPA 70E as a basis forfuture revisions to its electrical safety-relatedwork practice requirements and newrequirements for electrical maintenance and

special equipment.


13/41

13GE Proprietary

Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis Applicability

Electrical equipment such as: Switchgear

Switchboards Panelboards Motor Control Centers

All live electrical equipment: 250V and up

208V and 240V systems fed from 125kVAtransformers and up


14/41

14GE Proprietary

Financial Liability


15/41

15GE Proprietary

Ford Motor Company -Financial Liability

$14,000 fine Required to implement

hazard analyses at its 37manufacturing facilities andparts distribution centers inthe US

Settlement: U.S. Dept. of Labor,OSHRC Docket 00-0763

Injured employee didnot properly lock-outnor test for voltage,but Ford was held

liable, in part, for notusing NFPAguidelines to definehazards and specify

PPE


16/41

16GE Proprietary

OSHAIssuing Fines for Non-Compliance

$193,000 - Pieper Electric$80,000 - Narragansett Electric Company,

Inc.Failure to instruct on unsafe conditions,

provide appropriate PPE and identifythe location of energized equipment andprotective measures to be taken

Recent Citations under OSHAs GeneralDuty Clause:


17/41

17GE Proprietary

GE EnergysArc-Flash Analysis


18/41

18GE Proprietary

Creating Confidence

IdentifySystems

DataCollection

Verification

DevelopAnalysis Models

Perform

SystemAnalysis

Analyze

Results

ImplementSolution


19/41

19GE Proprietary

Expanded Analysis ResultsMinimum deliverables for each system location: Calculated IEEE-based incident energy and Arc-

Flash protection boundary with the correspondingNFPA-based PPE class

Arc-Flash and shock hazard labels

Additional benefits from GE Energys analysis: Uncover power system operational or design issues Uncover incorrect equipment trip settings Identify opportunities to improve system reliability,

efficiency, capacity, maintenance and safety


20/41


21/41

21GE Proprietary

Limits of Approach

Limited Approach Boundary(Shock protection boundary)Distance from an exposedlive part where a shock hazard exists

Flash ProtectionBoundary

Distance from exposedlive parts where a personcould receive a seconddegree burn if anelectrical arc flash wereto occur


22/41

22GE Proprietary

Limits of Approach (cont.)Restricted ApproachBoundary (Shockprotection boundary)Distance from an exposed livepart where there is anincreased risk of shock fromelectrical arc-over combinedwith inadvertent movement

Prohibited Approach Boundary

(Shock protection boundary)Distance from an exposed live partwhere work is considered the same asmaking contact with the live part


23/41

23GE Proprietary

Arc-Flash Hazard and Shock Hazard

Equipment LabelsLabels for each system location Arc-Flash hazard boundaries

Shock hazard boundaries Combined levels of PPEDesigned for industrial environment

Highly visible 5 x 3-5/8 Chemical resistant UV resistant Washable/durable


24/41

24GE Proprietary


25/41

25GE Proprietary

Arc-Flash Hazard Work PermitsWork permits (by employer): Description and location of

circuit/equipment Justification for energized work Shock hazard protection

boundaries

Required by: NFPA 70E Section 110.8(B)(2) and 130.1(A)

If live components arenot placed in electricallysafe work condition,then it is considered

energized electricalwork, and awritten permit isrequired

Arc-flash hazard protection boundaries PPE and access restrictions Job briefing with discussion of job-specific

hazards Work approval signature


26/41

26GE Proprietary

Bringing Experience and KnowledgeWorld-leading power system experience with: Industry specific applications

Power system equipment Greenfield solutions Service, local presence on a global scale

Current with NFPA and related standards via: Participation in NFPA committees and

conferences Monitoring industry and regulatory trends


27/41

APPENDIX - Backupslides


28/41

28GE Proprietary

Appendix - Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis

Power System Studies Overview Short-circuit study Protective device coordination study Load flow Harmonic analysis

Conceptual designPieper Electric Citation Excerpts

Reference NFPA 70E StandardsReference OSHA Materials


29/41


30/41

30GE Proprietary

Protective Device Coordination Study

Analyzes over-currentprotection devices ability toprotect components

Provides over-current devicesettings for relays, breakers,etc. (using short-circuit study

results) Isolates system faults,

minimizing damage

These five protectivedevices are set so that

they work together to tripand isolate the smallest

possible area of the powersystem

IEEE Std. 242-2001 Buff Book


31/41

31GE Proprietary

Load Flow Study Supports conceptual design Determines when system

components are overloaded

and system modifications areneeded Performed when voltage

performance is inadequate Determines power factor

correction to increase systemcapacity and reduce utilitycosts

Impact loads modeled to seesystem effects

Load Flow

results showingwatt/var flowsand the

resulting systemvoltages (in

p.u.)


32/41

32GE Proprietary

Harmonic Analysis Study Used to understand system

harmonics caused by drives,UPS systems, arc furnaces,

etc. Needed for selectingcapacitors for voltage/powerfactor improvement in aharmonic-rich environment

Needed to design harmonicfilters

Harmonics appear asdistortions of voltage and

current sine waves.

Resonance can amplifythese harmonics creatingsystem problems


33/41

33GE Proprietary

Conceptual Design Study Maximizes benefits of capital

investments by producing a cost-effective system design for an

existing or new facility Performed when the existing

system is inadequate to serve its

loads Performed when a substantial

power system expansion is

plannedWhat could the powersystem look like in the

future?


34/41

34GE Proprietary

Pieper Electric OSHA Citation


35/41

35GE Proprietary

Pieper Electric OSHA Citation (Cont.)


36/41

36GE Proprietary



37/41

37GE Proprietary



38/41

38GE Proprietary

110.16 Flash ProtectionElectrical equipment such as* switchboards, panel-boards, industrial control panels, meter socketenclosures, and motor control centers that are in otherthan dwelling occupancies and are likely to requireexamination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance

while energized shall be field marked to warn qualifiedpersons of potential electric arc flash hazards.

NEC 2008 Standards for Flash Protection

The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible toqualified persons before examination, adjustment,servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.

* New text for 2008 code.


39/41


40/41

40GE Proprietary

Reference OSHA MaterialsOSHA 29 CFR 1910.269 states that The employer shall ensure that eachemployee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arcs does notwear clothing that, when exposed to flames or electric arcs, could increase theextent of injury that would be sustained by the employee.

OSHA 1910.132(d)(1) The employer shall assess the workplace todetermine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitatethe use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If such hazards are present,or likely to be present, the employer shall:

OSHA 1910.132(d)(1)(i) Select, and have each affected employee use, thetypes of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identifiedin the hazard assessment;

OSHA 1910.132(d)(1)(ii) Communicate selection decisions to each affectedemployee; and,

OSHA 1910.132(d)(1)(iii) Select PPE that properly fits each affectedemployee. Note: Non-mandatory Appendix B contains an example ofprocedures that would comply with the requirement for a hazard assessment.


41/41

Documents

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis, General Electric, Tom McGibbon - Nov 07