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ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW

ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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Page 1: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

ARC HAZARD &

FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW

Page 2: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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Today’s Agenda•Premise for the ARC hazard assessment

•Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing

•ARC Hazard evaluation criteria

•ARC Hazard review & Incident ARC energy

•Final Determination

Page 3: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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RegulationsFederal/OSHA 29 – CFR 1910.269Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution. -

CAL/OSHA Title - 8§2320.2. Energized Equipment or Systems.

Page 4: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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The employer shall ensure that each employee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arcs does not wear clothing that, when exposed to flames or electric arcs, could increase the extent of injury that would be sustained by the employee.

Fed OSHA 1910.269(l)(6)(iii)

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Note: Clothing made from the following types of fabrics, either alone or in blends, is prohibited by this paragraph, unless the employer can demonstrate that the fabric has been treated to withstand the conditions that may be encountered or that the clothing is worn in such a manner as to eliminate the hazard involved: acetate, nylon, polyester, rayon.

Fed OSHA 1910.269(l)(6)(iii)

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CAL/OSHA §2320.2. (8) Each employee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arcs wears apparel that, when exposed to flames or electric arcs, does not increase the extent of injury that would be sustained by the employee. This subsection prohibits clothing made from the following types of fabrics, either alone or in blends, unless the employee can demonstrate that the fabric has been treated with flame retardant: acetate, nylon, polyester, and rayon.

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July 28, 1995

Mr. Charles H. WilliamsDirector, Codes and StandardsNational ElectricalContractors Association3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1100Bethesda, MD 20814

Dear Mr. Williams: This is in further response to your letter of April 17, requesting clarification of the electric power generation, transmission, and distribution standard, 29 CFR 1910.269.

Question 1: What types of clothing are acceptable under the 1910.269 Standard?

“The Apparel Standard does not serve to protect workers from direct injury due to electric arc or flame exposure, as would PPE; it simply prohibits clothing that would make even worse any injuries caused by that exposure. Under this rule, flame resistant and flame-retardant-treated clothing is acceptable under all conditions…”

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To protect the employees we will.

1. Engineer the hazard out of the system if possible

2. Put in place - Administrative controls where applicable(Ex. – Shall not perform said work energized)

3. Provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as a last resort

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Fire Resistant vs.

100% Natural Fiber

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DefinitionsArc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV)“n – in arc testing, the incident energy on a fabric or material that results in sufficient heat transfer through the fabric or material to cause the onset of a second-degree burn based on the Stoll curve.” Note: ATPV is measured in cal/cm2.

Basically, it is the measure of how much heat that can be exposed to a flame resistant garment before a second degree burn injury is expected to occur to the wearer.

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Definitions cont.

Breakopen Threshold Energy (EBT)“n – the average of the five highest incident energy exposure values below the Stoll curve where specimens do not exhibit breakopen.” Note: Breakopen Threshold Energy is similar to ATPV,

Heat Attenuation Factor (HAF)“n – in electric arc testing, the percent of the incident energy which is blocked by a material at an incident energy level equal to ATPV.”

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FR Clothing

Cal/cm2 Value for Fire Resistant Clothing

Garment Material & Weight in Ounces per Square Yard of

Fabric Cal/cm2 Value Comments

6.3oz FR Firewear Tee Knit 5.1

7.0oz FR Cotton/Nylon Utility Shirt Twill Weave 6.6

4.5oz FR Cotton/Rayon Utility Shirt Plain Weave 4.54.5oz Nomex Utility Shirt Plain Weave 4.84.5oz FR Henley or Polo Shirt Plain Weave  6.8

14.0oz FR Cotton Jean Denim  16.0

9.0oz FR Duck Pant 12.7

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Cal/cm2 for Non Fire Resistant Clothing 10% Probability of Ignition

Garment Material & Weight in Ounces per Square Yard of Fabric Cal/cm2 Comments

4.6oz White Jersey Knit Shirt 7.0 

5.2oz Blue Twill Shirt 5.5 

6.2oz Western White Fleece 10.7 

6.9oz Blue Denim Twill Wrangler Shirt 6.9

Calorie capacity goes to 7.9 after washing the garment

8.0oz Black Twill Shirt or Pant 7.4 

8.3oz White Sateen Shirt or Pant 14.5 

11.9oz Tan Duck Carhart Shirt or Pant 15.0

 

12.8oz Blue Denim Lee Jeans (Pant) 17.6

 

13.3oz Blue Denim Wrangler Jeans (Pant) 18.0

 

Non-FR Clothing

Page 14: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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FR vs. Non-FR

Fire Resitant ClothingNon-Fire Resistant Clothing

Garment Material & Weight in Ounces per Square Yard of Fabric Cal/cm2

Garment Material & Weight in Ounces per Square Yard of Fabric Cal/cm2

4.5oz FR Cotton/Rayon Utility Shirt 4.5 4.6oz White Jersey Knit Shirt 7

4.5oz Nomex Utility Shirt 4.8 5.2oz Blue Twill Shirt 5.5

6.3oz Firewear Tee 5.1 6.2oz Western White Fleece 10.7

7.0oz FR Cotton/Nylon Utility Shirt 6.6

6.9oz Blue Denim Twill Wrangler Shirt 6.9

9.0oz Duck Pant 12.711.9oz Tan Duck Carhart Shirt or Pant 15

14.0oz FR Cotton Jean 1613.3oz Blue Denim Wrangler Jeans (Pant) 18

Cal/cm2 for Non Fire Resistant Clothing 10% Probability

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ARC Hazard Evaluation Criteria

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•Minimum approach distance used is 12” for 600 volts or less

•For all primary voltages, the required Cal/OSHA minimum approach distances are used

•Work procedures are recognized as a suitable exposure control measure and employees are expected to follow them

•Minimum voltage to consider is 200 volts and above

•Minimum fault at Maximum clearing time (or 600 cycles) used to determine maximum ARC exposure (worst case scenario)

•Used Box-Factor

ARC HAZARD EVALUATION CRITERIA

Page 17: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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•FR Clothing only required when working on or near exposed energized electrical equipment

•Equipment that can be safely de-energized and worked cold does not require the use of FR clothing

•cal/cm2 < 5.0 does not require FR pants

•Working outside the ARC flash boundary with hot-sticks eliminates the need for FR pants

ARC HAZARD STUDY EVALUATION CRITERIA cont.

Page 18: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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ARC Hazard Assessment

&

Incident ARC Energy levels

Page 19: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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Modifications to ARC Hazard Data & Chart• 230Kv, 115Kv & 69Kv reworked with appropriate

clearance distances

• < 5.0 cal/cm2 removed

• Identified Incident ARC energy levels above FR Clothing capabilities (Light Blue)

• Identified Incident ARC energy levels at which a FR Shirt is recommended (Yellow)

Page 20: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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Revised 12” ARC Hazard DataARC GAP 12" 12" 12" 12"

SYSTEM VOLTAGE 21

kV

21kV

12kV

4160

V

SYSTEM EQUIPMENT B

USS

FEE

DE

R

BU

SS

BU

SS

FUSE

RE

LA

Y

RE

LA

Y

200E

80E

/50E

I (Fault Min) 8,43

7

2,06

9 I (Fault Min) 1,

915

5,35

0

CLEAR (Cycles) 16

8

56

CLEAR (Cycles) 49 10

8

Cal/cm2 @

28" 31.0 1.6Cal/cm

2 @

25" 1.5 14.2

Cal/cm2 @

28" w/B.F. 62.0 3.2Cal/cm

2 @

25" w/B.F. 3.0 28.4

I (Fault Max) 20

,000

20,0

00 I (Fault Max) 7,

500

8,70

0

CLEAR (Cycles) 37

.8

12

CLEAR (Cycles) 10

2

108

Cal/cm2 @

28" 19.4 6.2Cal/cm

2 @

25" 20.4 25.8

Cal/cm2 @

28" w/B.F. 38.8 8.3Cal/cm

2 @

25" w/B.F. 40.8 51.6Meter Techs X

Elec Techs X X X XLineworkers 1,2,3,4,5 X X

Cable Splicers X X XTree Trimmers X 6.2

Substation Electricians X X X X

MINIMUM FAULT AT MAXIMUM CLEARING TIME OR 600 Cycles

MAXIMUM INSTANTANEOUS FAULT

Page 21: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 1" 1" 1" 1" 1"

4kV

-277

/480

V

4kV

-277

/480

V

4kV

-277

/480

V

4kV

-277

/480

V

4kV

-277

/480

V

4kV

-277

/480

V

4kV

-120

/208

V

4kV

-120

/208

V

4kV

-120

/208

V

4kV

-120

/208

V

4kV

-120

/208

V

750k

VA

PM

500k

VA

PM

300k

VA

PM

225k

VA

PM

150k

VA

PM

112.

5kV

A P

M

500k

VA

PM

300k

VA

PM

225k

VA

PM

150k

VA

PM

112.

5kV

A P

M

140K

100T

65T

50K

30K

25K

100T

65T

50K

30K

25K

I (Fault Min)

12,0

51

7,67

5

4,44

5

3,59

9

2,76

4

2,18

8

13,1

09

7,91

8

5,40

0

3,19

0

2,65

5

CLEAR (Cycles) 66 204

234

59 35 41 522

600

348

600

360

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 45.5 78.9 45.6 8.9 3.8 3.2 148.0 80.4 27.0 22.5 10.3

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 91.0 157.8 91.2 17.8 7.6 6.4 296.0 160.8 54.0 45.0 20.6

AMPS14

,237

10,3

30

6,66

6

5,14

5

3,91

7

2,98

7

19,7

32

13,5

20

10,7

14

8,32

1

6,44

9

CYCLES 54.6

96 56.8

27 16.2

19.2

150

96 34.2

19.8

22.2

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 47 54.1 18.4 6.3 2.7 2.3 81.0 28.5 7.1 2.9 2.2

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 94.0 108.2 36.8 12.6 5.4 4.6 162.0 57.0 14.2 5.8 4.4

Meter Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XElectric Technicians at 12" Approach

Troubleshooters at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XLineworker 1,2,3,4,5 at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X X

Cable Splicers / Network at 12" ApproachTree Trimmers at 12" Approach

Power Quality Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XSubstation Electricians at 12" Approach

MINIMUM FAULT AT MAXIMUM CLEARING TIME OR 600 Cycles

MAXIMUM INSTANTANEOUS FAULT

ARC GAP

SYSTEM VOLTAGE

Tables 2,4,and 5 SYSTEM

FUSE

Page 22: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 1" 1" 1"

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-277

/480V

12kV

-120

/208V

12kV

-120

/208V

12kV

-120

/208V

1500

kVA

PM

1000

kVA

PM

750k

VA

PM

500k

VA

PM

300k

VA

PM

225k

VA

PM

150k

VA

PM

45kV

A P

M

500k

VA

PM

300k

VA

PM

225k

VA

PM

100T

80K

50K

40K

25K

15K

12K

2.5X

40K

25K

15K

I (Fault Min)

22,5

75

16,1

51

11,8

52

9,08

6

5,52

9

5,69

6

4,60

6

2,28

3

12,9

33

8,21

0

6,04

3

CLEAR (Cycles) 180

72 43 52 50 17 15 31 318

246

114

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 293.0 73.4 29.0 24.9 12.8 4.5 3.1 2.6 88.6 34.7 10.4

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 586.0 146.8 58.0 49.8 25.6 9.0 6.2 5.2 177.2 69.4 20.8

AMPS25

,021

17,8

88

13,9

40

13,0

83

9,13

5

10,9

24

9,25

1

3,19

5

20,0

85

16,2

22

13,9

31

CYCLES 51 49.2

28.8

21 16.2

4.68

3.84

16.8

50.4

25.8

14.4

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 96.0 58.0 24.1 16.1 7.8 2.8 1.9 2.2 28.0 10.2 4.2

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 192.0 116.0 48.2 32.2 15.6 5.6 3.8 4.4 56.0 20.4 8.4

Meter Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XElectric Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X

Troubleshooters at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XLineworker 1,2,3,4,5 at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X X

Cable Splicers / Network at 12" ApproachTree Trimmers at 12" Approach

Power Quality Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XSubstation Electricians at 12" Approach X X X X

MINIMUM FAULT AT MAXIMUM CLEARING TIME OR 600 Cycles

MAXIMUM INSTANTANEOUS FAULT

ARC GAP

SYSTEM VOLTAGE

Tables 2,4,and 5 SYSTEM

FUSE

Page 23: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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1" 1" 1" 1" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 1"

12kV

-120

/208V

12kV

-120

/208V

12kV

-120

/208V

12kV

-120

/208V

21kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-120

/208V

225k

VA

PM

150k

VA

PM

112.

5kV

A P

M

45kV

A P

M

2500

kVA

PM

2000

kVA

PM

1500

kVA

PM

1000

kVA

PM

750k

VA

PM

500k

VA

PM

500k

VA

PM

15K

12K

10K

2.5X

100T

80K

65T

40K

30K

20K

20K

I (Fault Min)

6,04

3

3,35

0

3,35

9

2,20

5

36,9

13

28,9

30

23,7

97

16,7

70

11,0

44

9,27

6

13,1

01

CLEAR (Cycles) 114

600

150

222

59 17 53 12 17 10 28

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 10.4 24.1 6.0 4.8 199.0 39.6 92.9 12.9 10.5 4.9 7.9

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 20.8 48.2 12.0 9.6 398.0 79.2 185.8 25.8 21.0 9.8 15.8

AMPS13

,931

11,9

52

13,1

36

6,00

8

41,8

15

34,8

58

27,2

94

19,0

21

14,5

91

13,6

70

20,7

54

CYCLES 14.4

11.4

7.2

23.4

48 12.6

39 9.2

11.4

4.62

10.2

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 4.2 2.8 2.0 2.1 196.0 39.0 83.0 11.7 10.1 3.8 6.0

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 8.4 5.6 4.0 4.2 392.0 78.0 166.0 23.4 20.2 7.6 12.0

Meter Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XElectric Technicians at 12" Approach

Troubleshooters at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XLineworker 1,2,3,4,5 at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X X

Cable Splicers / Network at 12" Approach X X X X X X XTree Trimmers at 12" Approach

Power Quality Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X X X X X XSubstation Electricians at 12" Approach

MINIMUM FAULT AT MAXIMUM CLEARING TIME OR 600 Cycles

MAXIMUM INSTANTANEOUS FAULT

ARC GAP

SYSTEM VOLTAGE

Tables 2,4,and 5 SYSTEM

FUSE

Page 24: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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1" 1" 1" 1" 1" 4" 4"

21kV

-120

/208V

21kV

-120

/208V

21kV

-120

/208V

21kV

-120

/240V

12kV

-120

/208V

12kV

-277

/480V

21kV

-277

/480V

300k

VA

PM

225k

VA

PM

75kV

A P

M

167k

VA

OH

NE

TW

OR

K

SPO

T

NE

TW

OR

K

SPO

T

NE

TW

OR

K

12K

10K

2.5X

20K

I (Fault Min)

8,27

7

6,07

8

2,56

5

9,77

3

N/A

N/A

13,3

44

CLEAR (Cycles) 25 29 144

40 * * 600

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 3.6 2.7 3.9 7.3 * * 480

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 7.2 5.4 7.8 14.6 * * 960

AMPS

16,6

52

14,2

44

9,80

0

35,4

35

175,

000

156,

041

52,3

00

CYCLES 6.6

4.98 9

2.82 54 54 54

Cal/cm2 @ 12" 2.7 1.6 1.6 4.2 480 953 316

Cal/cm2 @ 12" w/B.F. 5.4 3.2 3.2 * 960 1906 632

Meter Technicians at 12" Approach X X X X X X XElectric Technicians at 12" Approach

Troubleshooters at 12" Approach X X X XLineworker 1,2,3,4,5 at 12" Approach X X X X

Cable Splicers / Network at 12" Approach X X X X X X XTree Trimmers at 12" Approach X

Power Quality Technicians at 12" Approach X X X XSubstation Electricians at 12" Approach

MINIMUM FAULT AT MAXIMUM CLEARING TIME OR 600 Cycles

MAXIMUM INSTANTANEOUS FAULT

ARC GAP

SYSTEM VOLTAGE

Tables 2,4,and 5 SYSTEM

FUSE

Page 25: ARC HAZARD & FR CLOTHING POLICY REVIEW. 2 Today’s Agenda Premise for the ARC hazard assessment Fire Resistant vs. 100% natural fiber clothing ARC Hazard

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Job Classification Type of Work

Proximity to Work

System Voltage Comments

Meter Technicians (Mike Paulson) Setting/Pulling Meters

12" Upper Body Exposure 4, 12 & 21kV

Lower body exposure minimal 100% nat. fiber pants OK

Electric Technicians (Gil Canady)

Testing for proper operation

12" Upper Body Exposure 4, 12 & 21kV

All equip made cold by electricians or in few s ituations made cold by elec tech w/hot-s ticks . Testing equipment 10kV operated by switches

Troubleshooters (Jim Baird)

Diagnosis /minor repair on equipment

12" Upper Body Exposure

4, 12, 21,& 69kV

Voltages Equal to and less than 4kV is hands on type work; including meters . All else is hotline application.

Line worker 1,2,3,4,5 (Max Fuentes)

Installing/removing lines , equipment, and devices . Maintenance and troubleshooting the aforementioned.

12" Upper Body Exposure with 24" lower body exposure

4Kv - 230kV

The line divis ion works on all of the conductors , equipment, devices and s tructures related to the transmiss ion and dis tribution network infras tructure outs ide of the other electrical divis ions and sometimes in conjunction with them.

Cable Splices / Network (Chris Trinidad)

Splice cable service network protectors and the network outages ins tall services

12" Upper Body Exposure

4Kv - 230kV glove 480kV and lower

All large voltage conductors and equipment are insulated to protect employee from electrical contact. Will not work any voltage above 480 energized

Tree Trimmers (Mark Frizzell)

Tree trimming to maintain required clearances

No closer than 25" to 4 & 12 kV. No closer than 28" to 21 kV. No closer than 36" to 69 kV. 4,12,21kV

Apply spreader on secondary voltage (rubber gloved) only when conducter is not covered to prevent tree branches from forcing conducters togther

Power Quality Technicians

Install/Remove voltage recorders for res /comm

Within 6" of forearm; 24" from chest 4Kv - 21kV

480v equipment and below worked hot all else worked cold remove/ins tall meters inspect customer breakers

Substation Electricians (Gil Canady)

Maintaining Substation equipment

Full body exposure on some, 12" upper body on most

All equip made cold by electricians w/hot-s ticks . Testing equipment 10kV operated by switches

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Strictly enforce the clearance distances mandated by Cal/OSHA. This would greatly reduce the extent of the injury from an ARC.Additionally, strict enforcement of the clearance distances will reduce the potential for electrical contact.

Continue working equipment cold whenever possible

Ground it

Always position body to the side of any electrical source or exposure when possible

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International Social Security Association (ISSA)

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Final Requirements for FR Clothing• All employees who work on or near exposed

energized electrical conductors will wear 100% natural fiber pants at or above 11oz/yard and a Fire Resistant garment from the waist up.

• At no time will the employee wear garments made with polyester, nylon, rayon or acetate alone or in blends unless it is FR rated.

• Note: these fabrics shall not be worn under FR garments as either.

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QUESTIONS?