APA WorkshopTo begin, a little introduction is in order…

ASC: A Brief Overview

--We are a free tutoring service, sort of—the fees for the use of the lab come out of your student fees each semester, so there is no extra charge to use the lab or get help from a tutor. --No appointments necessary--*usually--so feel free to come in at your leisure.--You are welcome to come into the lab just to work, even if you don’t think you need a tutor.

ASC Stuff: Cont.• We offer tutors in most areas, including, but not limited to,

math, writing, science (chem, bio, A&P, psych, physics), business, music, Spanish and stats.

• I like to keep the tutors busy, so if you feel you need help, with, say, your APA formatted paper we ask that you don’t wait until the last minute (you know, when the panic really sets in) to seek us out. We’re here to help, so let us.

…And Still More ASC Stuff• We are located directly to the west of the Tennis Bubble, north

of Cisel Hall, south of the Student Union and east of McMullen Hall.

• Our ours look like this: Mon.-Thurs: 8am-7pm, Fri: 8am-5pm and Sat: 9am-12pm.

• Fun facts known by few: those who regularly use the ASC (a couple of times a week), on average, earn .72 of a GPA point more than those who don’t (ex: a GPA of 2.28 goes up to a 3.00).

• We also see an 88% pass rate (especially in gen. ed. Students) for those who use us regularly, as opposed to a 65% pass rate for those who don’t.

• Hope to see you soon. • Are there any questions?

But Enough about Me…• Your crash course in APA (American Psych. Association).• In-Text Citations (6.11-6.21 in APA manual).• A couple of ways to do the in-text citations:• Obviously, place all in-text citations at the most appropriate

point in the sentence.• The first method: place the citation as a parenthetical

reference just before the period• Ex: “…on the kingsroad by day” (Martin, 1999, p. 81).

In-Text Citation Cont.• The second method:• Use the author and year to introduce the quotation, with the

page number following as a parenthetical.• Ex: To illustrate, Martin (1999) wrote, “There seemed to be

more camps every night, and more traffic on the kingsroad by day” (p. 81).

Some Things to Note:• The citation has the last names(s) of the author(s) and the

year of publication IF the material is paraphrased or summarized.

• IF material is quoted, the citation has to include the page(s) on which the quotation is found in the original.

• In block quotation (more on this presently), put the citation after the punctuation.

Yet More Things to Note:• Bear in mind that APA uses the past tense when leading in to

borrowed/referenced material.• Ex: …to illustrate, Martin (1999) noted, “Morn, noon, and

night they came…” (p. 81).• Please double check your borrowed material to make sure it is

verbatim (word for word, all the punctuation in its proper place).

• Also, when borrowed material falls on more than one page, use (pp. 81-82).

Still More Things to Note:• Work by multiple authors: When a work has two authors, cite

both names every time the reference occurs in text.• With 3, 4, or 5 authors, cite all authors the first time and in

subsequent instances, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al (no italics with a period after al).

• Ex: ...Martin, Gaiman, King and Hill (1999) wrote, “…”(p. 81).• Ex: …Martin et al. (1999) wrote, “…”(p. 81).

Nope, Still Not Done Noting:• In a work with no identified author, cite the first few words of

the reference entry (most often the title) along with the year. • Ex: on free care (“Study Finds,” 2007)• Ex: the book College Bound Seniors (2008)• Note the difference in sources: the one in quotation marks is

referring to an article (minor work), while the italicized source is a book (major work).

A Brief Discourse on the Joys of Block Quotations:• General Guidelines:• 1) Any quotation of 40 or more words• 2) Do not use quotation marks to set off block quotations, but

do use double quotation marks to note any quoted material within the block quotation.

• 3) Indent about ½ inch from the left margin—same position as a new paragraph.

• 4) IF there is more than one paragraph to the block, indent subsequent paragraphs.

• 5) Block quotations are double spaced.• 6) Parenthetical citation will come AFTER the final

punctuation.• Next paragraph of your text will not be indented.

‘Cause Block Quotes Are Fun, That’s Why:• Ex:

…to comment on Arya’s condition, Martin (1999) wrote:

Arya did not dare, even though she smelled as bad as Yoren by now, all sour and stinky. Some

of the creatures living in her clothes had come all the way from Flea Bottom with her; it didn’t

seem right to drown them. Tarber and Hot Pie and the Bull joined the line of men headed for

the tubs. Others settled down in front of the bathhouse. The rest crowded into the common

room. Yoren even sent Lommy out with tankards for the three in fetters, who’d been left

chained up in the back of their wagon. (p.83)

Right or wrong:

• 1) …as George R. R. Martin (1999) stated, “’I do, my lord. We are to follow the coast,

staying always in sight of land, until we reach Crackclaw Point.’” (p. 588)

• 2) …Martin, in his finest form, writes, “Grenn and Dywen were among the brothers who

had gathered round the fire” (p. 371).

• 3) …giving voice to Tyrion’s state of mind, Martin (1999) noted, “Through the door came

the soft sound of the high harp, mingled with a trilling of pipes” (p. 397).

• 4) To elaborate, the words, “A low rumbling growl rose from Summer’s throat, and there

was no play in it. He stalked forward, all teeth and hot eyes” (Martin, 1999, p.438) give

the reader a true sense of the tension in the scene.

Again, Right or Wrong:

•1) Never a man at a loss for words, Martin (1999) wrote:

• “The direwolves closed. Meera abandoned spear and net, jumped up,

and grabbed the branch above her head. Shaggy’s jaws snapped shut

beneath her ankle as she swung up and over the limb. Summer sat

back on his haunches and howled, while Shaggydog worried the net,

shaking it in his teeth” (p. 439).

•This gives credence…

Last One, I Swear:

For example, Martin (1999) once wrote:

The feast was a meager enough thing, a succession of fish stews,

black bread, and spiceless goat. The tastiest thing Theon found to

eat was an onion pie. Ale and wine continued to flow well after the

last courses had been cleared away. (p. 393).

…And Now the Fun Begins• Reference page (Sect. 2.11, page 37 and 193—the beginning of

Chap. 7)—some guidelines:• 1) Begin the reference list on a new page • 2) Same header and appropriate page number required.• 3) The word “References,” centered with no punctuation, is

needed at the top of the page.• 4) References should be typed in alphabetical order (based on the

author’s last name)• 5) References should be double spaced.• 6) First line flush to the left, subsequent lines should be indented ½

inch from the left (called a hanging indent). • 7) Seeing as the rules of order of information in reference entries

are VERY specific, you’ll want to obtain reliable handouts (ASC…hint, hint) or the current edition of the APA handbook.

Had to Throw in Some Stuff on Hard Copies.• Books will look like this:• Author’s Surname, Author’s initials. (Year). Book Title. Place of

Publication: Publisher’s Name.

Martin, G. R. R. (1999). A Clash of Kings. New York: Bantam.

But Since MOST People Prefer Online Sources:• General Format:• Author’s Surname, Author’s initials. (Year of Publication,

Month, Day—though it should be pointed out that month and day aren’t needed if a volume and issue

are given). Title of Article or Page. Name of Periodical or Organization Periodical Volume (issue).

Retrieved from URL address (no punctuation)

…Ex:

Ekwurzel, B. (2006, September 18). Hurricanes and climate change.

Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved from

htt://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/sci

ence_and_impacts/science/hurricanes-and-climate- change.htmlNote:1) No capitalization other than the first word of the article’s title,

but name of association capitalized, where appropriate, and italicized.

2) Entire name of the month—no abbreviations.

…• Stand-Alone Document, No Author, No Date, from Website.• Title. (Date, if available—otherwise, use n.d.). Name of

Organization. Retrieved from http://...

• Yellowstone flyfishing. (n.d.). Yellowstone Media Group.

Retrieved from http://www.yellowstone.net/fishing.htm

• Note: Title used in lieu of author’s name, since there is no name to use (I know: I’m stating the obvious).

…• Journal Article with DOI.• Author’s Surname. (Year). Article’s title. Publication’s Name,

volume(issue), page numbers. DOI number

• Keifer, J. Pavlov’s dogs and conditioned responses. Modern

Psychology, 12(2), 225-236. doi:10.1037/00029432.76.4.482• Note: No punctuation at the end of DOI number.• If there is no DOI number, simply replace it with Retrieved

from+URL.• Finally, note that the volume number in the citation is italicized.

…• Journal Article from a Database:• Author’s Surname. (Date). Title. Publication, volume, Pages.

• Hedges, L. V. & Vevea, J. L. (1998). Fixed- and random-effects

models in meta-analysis. Psychological Methods,

3, 486-504.

…• Report from a Private Organization:• Name of Organization. (Date: Year, Month, Day). Title of Documents

(italicized). Retrieved…

CARE. (2009, October 5). CARE responds to Indonesian earthquake, Asian

Pacific typhoons. Retrieved from

http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2009/10

indonesia9/10/indonesia-earthquake-typhoon-ketsana- 20091005.asp

Note: You can go either way with the hyperlink (you can have it in color or in

plain black).

…• Government Document Online:• Name of Gov’t Org. (Year, Month Day). Title of Document. Title of

Bigger Work. Retrieved from…

• United States Congress, Senate. (1999, March 24). World War II

Memorial Completion Act. House Bill 1247. Retrieved from

http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi- bin/useftp.cgi?

Ipaddress=162.140.64.21&file name=h1247ih.txt&directory=/

dujb/wais/

• date/106_cong_bills

…And…• Newspaper Article: • Author’s Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of Article (again,

no quotation marks). Name of Newspaper. Retrieved…

• Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their

emotions, most people flunk out. The New York Times.

Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

…Finally…• Thanks and let me leave you with some reminders:• 1) No first names—APA doesn’t use them in an effort to avoid

any gender bias.• 2) I know this has been only a taste of the APA style, so I’ll

remind you to come in to the ASC for any other help you may need (handouts, the APA manual, a tutor, etc.). Again, I like to keep the tutors busy.

• 3) Please, if you take nothing else from this, remember: Wikipedia is NOT your friend. Use valid sources.

• 4) Oh yeah, Dr. Barfield wanted me to show you how to find the ASC’s handouts…

• 5) Thanks again and hope to see you soon.