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APA Style: A Brief Introduc4on
Lin Wu Associate Professor & Embedded Librarian
UTHSC Library
What is the APA cita4on style? ² Guidelines to write scholarly papers and established by
the American Psychological Associa4on. ² Publica=on Manual of the American Psychological
Associa=on, 6th Edi=on. Copies are available at both Permanent Reserves & Reference Collec4on (Call number: WZ 345 P976 2010)
You don’t have to remember all of the rules, but you do need to understand the essen4als!
Why do we cite sources?
² Avoid plagiarism ² Give credits to others ² Provide readers reliable ways to locate sources
² Establish scholarly credits for ourselves
It’s all about scholarly wri4ng!
When do we cite sources?
² Exact quota4ons ² Others’ ideas/theories/research – “berry picking” or paraphrasing
² Anything that influences our work and that we used to build our work
Credi4ng sources!
Ci4ng: A two-‐part process
² In text § In the body of a paper
² Reference list § At the end of the paper
Most in-‐text cita4ons should have a corresponding entry in the references list
Does APA use ibid.?
No. APA never uses ibid to refer again to the last source previously referenced; instead give each cita4on using author names as usual.
Source: hdp://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/05/its-‐all-‐la4n-‐to-‐me.html
When to use page numbers in the body of a paper?
² Direct quote from a source ² A specific part of a source ² Paraphrasing or referring to an idea (encourage to provide page number)
What’s the difference between DOI and URL?
² DOI stands for Digital Object Iden4fier ² to iden4fy an ar4cle and link to it Example: 10.1001/jama.2011.1913
² URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator ² to map digital informa4on on the Internet Example: hdp://libguides.uthsc.edu/nsg510
Protocol Domain/Host
name File name