ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF …hydro.geo.uni.lodz.pl/uploads/file/pub_AB/2012_Bartnik_Moniewski_l… · Limnology Center Poznań 2012 Editors: Artur Grześkowiak

ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL

TRANSFORMATIONS OF LAKES

Vol. 6

Citation

Grześkowiak A., Nowak B., Grzonka B. (eds), 2012, Anthropogenic and natural

transformations of lakes Vol.6, Wyd. IMGW-PIB, Poznań, 177 p.

ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL

TRANSFORMATIONS OF LAKES

Vol. 6

Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

– National Research Institute, Branch in Poznań

Limnology Center

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Editors:

Artur Grześkowiak

Bogumił Nowak

Beata Grzonka

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A. Bartnik, P. Moniewski

BASIC PHYSICO-CHEMICAL WATER PARAMETERS OF A SMALL RIVER AND THEIR CHANGES CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF WATER RESERVOIRS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DZIERZAZNA RIVER ...................................................................................................................................... 7 A. Bartnik, P. Tomalski

THE INFLUENCE OF SMALL RESERVOIRS OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS ON SEASONAL OSCILLATIONS OF THE SELECTED PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE URBAN RIVER WATERS (THE SOKOŁÓWKA CATCHMENT, LODZ CASE) ............................................... 19 T. Chmal, E. Bajkiewicz-Grabowska, J. Ostrowski

NUTRIENT INPUTS TO SŁAWSKIE LAKE FROM ITS TRIBUTARIES ............................................ 35

K. Czaja

CHANGES IN THE AREA OF LAKES FROM THE WDA RIVER BASIN IN THE LAST CENTURY ...... 45

S. V. Daragan

ECOHYDROLOGY RESEARCHES OF SOME OF KYIV LAKES ....................................................... 59

M. Dąbrowski

THE ROLE OF GREAT MASURIAN LAKES SYSTEM IN ALIMENTATION OF WISŁA AND PREGOŁA RIVERS ..................................................................................................................... 67 G. Galiniak, K. Różkowski, A. Bik

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER FROM SPONTANEOUS INUNDATED AREAS WITHIN RECLAIMED PART OF “SIENIAWA” LIGNITE DEPOSIT EXPLOITED ON UNDERGROUND AND OPEN PIT WAY .................................................................................... 77

O. A. Huliaieva

ECOHYDROLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN THE SMALL WATER RESERVOIRS OF THE DNIESTER ENERGY COMPLEX .................................................................................................................. 87

M. Kaczorkiewicz, T. Heese, A. Wojcieszonek

TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN COASTAL LAKES DURING SUMMER SEASON ................................................................................................................................... 95

S. Murat-Błażejewska, R. Błażejewski

CREATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE LAKES MANAGEMENT PLANS ............. 105

CONTENTS

B. Nowicka, A. Nadolna

SHORE ZONE FUNCTIONALITY (CASE STUDY - LAKE CHARZYKOWSKIE) .................................. 115 V. A. Pellinen, E. A. Kozyreva, M. A. Rzętała

PARTICULAR FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE SHORE ZONE ON OLKHON ISLAND, LAKE BAIKAL ............................................................................................................................ 125

A. Rősler, M. Chmal, T. Chmal

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM A REED BED AS EXAMPLE OF OASIS EFFECT ........................... 131

A.Tiukało

ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS FOR MAKING INVESTMENT DECISION .......................................... 137

E. Tomaszewski

DYNAMICS OF LOW-FLOW EVENTS EVOLUTION IN LAKE CATCHMENTS ............................... 149 A. Ulatowska, S. Knetki, P. Ciesielski

ESTIMATE OF RETENTION CAPACITY OF GOWIDLIŃSKIE LAKE ................................................ 163

N. S.Vandyuk

THE THERMAL REGIME CONDITIONS OF THE FLOODPLAIN WATER BODIES OF THE KANIV RESERVOIR RIVERINE SECTION ............................................................................................... 173

Key words: physico-chemical water parameters, anthropopression, artificial flow-through reservoirs, seasonal variability

Adam Bartnik, Piotr Moniewski

Department of Hydrology and Water Management, University of Lodz, Narutowicza 88, 90-139 Łódź, Poland, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

BASIC PHYSICO-CHEMICAL WATER PARAMETERS OF A SMALL RIVER AND THEIR CHANGES CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF WATER RESERVOIRS ON THE EXAMPLE

OF THE DZIERZAZNA RIVER

Introduction The conditions for water circulation

within a catchment influence in a great way the physico-chemical water proper-ties. In spite of the natural factors such as participation of the ground water in the runoff or specificity of the natural envi-ronment, of the fundamental importance in the formation of hydrochemical river regime is the manner in which the river catchment area is used by human. Agri-culture, planting of towns and transport network to the greatest extend influence the changes in rainfall waters during their passage through the epigeosphere. The changes in the surface water characteris-tics are not only seasonal but also spatial, directly dependent on the factors modify-ing the physico-chemical water proper-ties.

An interesting example of the human impact on the water circulation is the sub-urban area of Lodz agglomeration. The transformations in the land usage, which were observed in the last decade, intro-duced new elements of residential and communication infrastructure, causing the

transformation of the original functions of this area.

In this zone more and more small water reservoirs are functioning. Among them the significant number are the flow-through reservoirs. In spite of their rec-reational, fish breeding or landscape func-tions they play also different, less evident, but even more important roles. The sim-plified regulations, concerning the condi-tions of forming small flow-through res-ervoirs, aimed to reconstruct the natural retention of river valleys, which were lost as a result of swamps dewatering and in-creased draining of the riverside areas. By the way, numerous ponds, due to the hy-draulic retention effect, play a flood-control function or at the time of the low flow water periods provide biological matter flow in rivers. It cannot be forgot-ten to what extend they modify the river water parameters. They are the sites where the division of the river valley by the floodbank creates the natural bio-chemical barrier. At the same time, due to the presence of weirs and surface outlets, river water is enriched with oxygen that improves its quality.

A. Bartnik, P. Moniewski - Basic physico-chemical water parameters... 8

Methods and area of the study

In the suburbs of Lodz agglomera-tion. within Lodz hills, there is a Dzier-zazna catchment of the area of 42.9 km2 (fig.1). The researches on the human im-pact on the quality and quantity of water circulation are conducted by the Depart-ment of Hydrology and Water Manage-ment at the University of Lodz (Jokiel 2002, Bartnik and Moniewski 2010, Moniewski and Stolarska 2007, 2008). Every 2 weeks, in a couple of monitoring points, the measurements of basic physico-chemical water parameters were made (Dojlido 1995): water conductivity, acid-ity, temperature, dissolved oxygen con-centration (investigated electrochemi-cally) and turbidity (measured with nephelometric method). In 2006, in a cross section, which enclosed the catch-ment, an automatic station controlling the water quality was installed (frequency of recording – 10 minutes). From 2011, the water has been analysed in four control points, according to the presence of the selected water quality indicators (including chlorides and nitrates), In this work the data registered in some of the previously mentioned cross-sections ob-tained between 2006 and 2012 has been used.

The area of the Dzierzazna basin clearly descends in the northern direction, and among the deposits forming its sur-face silts, sands, gravels (lower and mid-dle part of the catchment) and drift clays (southern part) dominate. The predomi-nant here are agricultural lands. Unfortu-nately, none of the villages within the catchment area possess a sanitary sewage system. It is worth mentioning that about 2 thousand contamination hotbeds have been identified in this area (septic tanks, cesspits, sewage outlets). An important role in the transformation of the physico-

chemical water properties of the Dzier-zazna basin plays a road network, any modifications bound to the building of new dwelling houses and coming into existence the A2 highway (Emilia – Strykow) which cuts the catchment area longitudinally. The A2 highway drain system is directed to the retention-infiltrating reservoirs or directly to the river. Also a storm drain system of the northern districts of Zgierz city and high-density holiday housing in Rosanow have a huge impact on the water quality (Jokiel 2002).

The hydrogeographic network in-cludes the Dzierzazna river and its only remaining tributary – the Ciosenka, both with many flow-through reservoirs. Within the catchment there are more than 150 water reservoirs of different areas, from 0.09 to 3.03 ha, covering the total area of 15.2 ha. They collect as much as 97.5% of the surface water resources of the Dzierzazna basin (Baś 2000). 12 flow-through reservoirs play the most impor-tant role here. Some of them have a semi-natural character, and only a few of these ponds are fish breeding farms.

The headwater of the Dzierzazna is under the direct pressure of Zgierz urban area. Predominant here, single-family housing influences the contamination of the ground waters to a great extend. In spring, being the river source, it was found that the water conductivity was above 0.7 mS×cm-1 and nitrates concen-tration exceeded 20 mg×dm-3. Following the river course the Dzierzazna river col-lects the waters coming from the storm drain system, it flows across the urban bathing beach and across the Dabrowka village. Its buildings are stretched for 2 km on both sides of the river bed. Along the Dzierzazna river there are three stations of monitoring of the basic phys-ico-chemical properties of the river wa-

Anthropogenic and Natural Transformations of Lakes 9

Fig

. 1

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ters. The upper part of the river catchment is closed by the measuring point number 1 (fig.1, table 1). It represents the most anthropogenic part of the Dzierzazna river catchment.

Just beneath this station there are two outlets of the rainfall collectors draining waters from A2 highway (“Zgierz” inter-change). Purification of these waters is made only by sedimentation of the min-eral deposits in a settling tank and catch-ment of semi-finished or finished oil de-rivatives in an oil separator. Water runoff is of episodic nature, strictly correlated to the fallings or melts. The subsequent con-trol cross-section in Dabrowka – Przyle-sie village (point 4) is located about 0.7 km down the river, beneath the flow-through reservoir of the area of 1.9 ha. Between this point and the last measuring station located by the river in Bida village (point 5) at a distance of 3.3 km (1.52,

0.59 and 0.93 ha) are functioning three forebays. Hence, on the Dzierzazna river section of the length of 4 km, between the 1st and the 5th points there are 4 water res-ervoirs.

The Ciosenka, the Dzierzazna river tributary springs from a large spring in Rosanow (above 45 dm3×s-1 on average). After a few hundred meters it meets with its right affluent, which is not only fed with spring waters but also with waters coming from A2 highway dewatering system. In this site there is one of the three settling tanks, which retains water (point 6). This water flows directly into the fish pond on the Ciosenka river (are of 1.63 ha, capacity 24.5 thousands m3) (fig.1) or by infiltration to the river right tributary – point 7. It should be pointed out that the settling tank bottom is below the level of alluvial waters and is con-stantly filled in with water. Even lower

Table 1. The average perennial characteristics of the basic physico-chemical parameters of Dzierzazna catchment river waters in the selected measurement points from April 2006 till March 2012

Point number

River / name SEC [µS×cm-1]

pH T [ºC]

O2 [mg×dm--3]

O2 [%]

NTU

1

A2 489 7.48 9.1 7.44 64.5 12.66

2 S collector 1735 8.11 10.1 7.36 65.0 –

3 N collector 1715 8.01 9.6 6.71 58.2 –

4 Dąbrowka 434 7.30 11.3 8.60 79.3 –

5 Biala 412 7.54 10.1 7.31 63.8 6.84

6

settling pond

1073 7.61 11.3 7.22 66.2 5.20

7 stream 576 7.24 9.6 6.05 53.6 3.12

8 bridge 399 7.45 9.6 7.06 60.6 3.63

Dzi

erza

zna

C

iose

nka


the 8th point which encloses the upper part of Ciosenka river catchment is located.

Results

The average values depict well the spatial diversity of the basic physico-chemical water properties in the Dzier-zazna catchment (table 1). Among them the waters of the A2 highway dewatering system have the highest conductivity and the most alkaline pH. These parameters are also characterized by significant sea-sonality, in winter water conductivity in the collector outlets reaches its maximum of 21.3 mS×cm-1, while in summer it de-creases below 0.1 mS×cm-1. The average water conductivity in the settling tank is more than 1.0 mS×cm-1. The river water, to which the filtrated settling tank waters are directed, has also an increased con-ductivity. However, the biggest electrical conductivity of the Dzierzazna river water was registered for the Dabrowka cross-section (point 4). That is the result of the impact of high-density housing in Zgierz and Dabrowka.

The analysis of the seasonal variabil-ity of the registered parameters provides more information and allows to evaluate these parameters changes influenced by single reservoirs or the reservoirs cas-cade. The large surface area of the pond in Dabrowka – Przylesie and mostly de-void of trees pond shores cause that the average water temperature in a year on a reservoir effluent was of 25°C higher than in the Dzierzazna river flowing into the reservoir. The temperature increase of the pond waters was clearly seen in win-ter (XII–II), but only of 0.6°C. Although the average water temperature of the sum-mer months was of 4.4°C, and in July even of 5.9°C higher. Water temperatures

differentiation also increases in summer. It proves how dependent they are on the actual thermal conditions of the atmos-phere and on the temperature of waters coming from the highway dewatering system. Despite the fact that the water flows through subsequent water ponds, along the Dzierzazna river course the temperature of water is getting lower of almost 1°C. This is due to the cold groundwater draining process and to the shade of the reservoirs shores.

The average water pHs, by the A2 highway (point 1) and in Dabrowka – Przylesie (point 4) are almost identical, but if we compare the seasonal distribu-tion of this characteristic we can see the differences (fig. 2a, 2b). In the measure-ment point, situated beneath the highway (point 4), the water pH in the winter months is slightly more alkaline (up to 7.8 in April) than in the summer months (6.6 in October). Such a differentiation is influenced by the inflow of strongly alka-line waters coming in winter from the highway dewatering system (even up to 10.8), while in summer the waters drain-ing from the highway lanes have pH simi-lar to rainfall waters. Furthermore, in au-tumn green plants parts decay (leaves mainly) which increases water acidity.

The changes caused by the presence of the reservoirs are also seen if we ob-serve the amounts of dissolved oxygen (fig. 2c, 2d). Oxygen concentrations be-neath the reservoir is much higher (79% of saturation on average) than above the pond (65% of saturation), where the wa-ter is loaded with biogenic material (point 1). The main reason is not only the oxy-genation of the water when it discharges the reservoir but also the large contact surface of water with atmosphere and the ability to produce huge amounts of oxy-gen by water plants during vegetation. However, the highest oxygen concentra-


tion was registered in April (103%) with relatively low water temperature. Here, the most important is poor development of plants on the catchment surface which enables surface runoff of the well oxy-genated precipitation and melting waters. It is visible when we analyse a high dis-persion of this parameter during spring season (IV–VI). In the subsequent months the oxygen concentration decreases as a result of the water reservoir temperature increase and the limitation of the surface runoff. The dispersion is also getting lower. However, the least oxygen concen-tration and the minimum dispersion of this parameter is recorded in winter, when the reservoir surface is covered with an ice cap. At this time the oxidation degree of the waters beneath and above the pond are similar, due to the reduction of bio-logical processes.

Water conductivity is also character-ized by seasonal changeability, although the differentiation of the recorded values is rather insignificant (fig. 3a, 3b). The biggest SEC is registered in winter

months, according to the inflow of sew-age coming from winter keeping up of road surfaces. During summer some of these substances are absorbed by water plants or become decomposed. This proc-ess is particularly visible in case of the cascade of the four reservoirs (compare fig. 3a and 3b). River water conductivity measured above the ponds (point 1) is of 84 µS×cm-1 higher than in its lower river course (point 5). Hence, the reduction is of about 20%. It is especially seen in April and May, during the time of the highest water oxygenation and the time of the biological life renewal after winter break.

The turbidity of river water is strictly bound to the magnitude and mainly to the velocity of the river water flow. Higher turbidity is characteristic for the months with poor flora development (XI–II), while the rainfall and melting waters feeding the river have bigger amount of suspended matter (fig. 3c). A similar situation is during the heavy precipitation periods (VI–VII) that cause the appear-

Fig. 2. Seasonal changes of the pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations in water in the 1st measuring point (above the A2 highway) – A and C and in Dabrowka

– Przylesie (point 4) – B, D


ance of the surface runoff and increase in river water streamflow within the river bed. The role of the ponds is double re-duction, or in December even seven times reduction of the suspended matters, through their deposition at the ponds bot-tom (fig. 3d). It is worth pointing out that as a result of phytoplankton blooming the water turbidity beneath the ponds cascade is greater during a vegetation period.

Systematic measurements of physico-chemical water parameters of the settling tank nearby the A2 highway (point 6) were carried out every 2 weeks till the end of the April 2006 and enabled to re-cord reservoir’s reaction to the presence of saline waters from the road dewatering (fig. 4). The measurements were made just below the surface of the settling tank reservoir and in winter just beneath the

Fig. 3. Seasonal changeability of the conductivity and turbidity parameters in the 1st measuring point (above the A2 highway) – A and C and in Biala (point 5) – B, D

Fig. 4. Changeability of the water conductivity and the water temperature in the settling pond near the A2 highway (point 6) during the period between April 2006 and March 2012


ice cap. From the beginning of the re-search and during the whole winter sea-son the conductivity of the settling tank waters have been stabilized, oscillating around 0.35 mS×cm-1. It happened de-spite the fact that the waters flowing into the reservoir had the conductivity exceed-ing 3.0 mS×cm-1. Only in the middle of March 2007, after the ice cap disappeared the water temperature increased from 3.2 to 6.0ºC. In spite of the small depth of the settling tank reservoir (1.2 m) there was a mixing of surface waters with bottom ones (thermal turnover). During 2 weeks (5-19.03.2007) the water conductivity just near the settling tank surface increased from 0.24 to 1.66 mS×cm-1, and after the following two weeks until 1.91 mS×cm-1. During the subsequent period a graduate decrease of river water conductivity was observed as a result of rainfall waters im-pact.

This situation repeated every spring but with a different magnitude because the vertical stratification of the physico-chemical water parameters of the was influenced by the winter strength. It espe-cially depended on the frequency of using chemical substances to keep up the roads surface, on the presence of ice on the res-ervoirs surface within a year, on the in-flow of snow melt waters from the high-way adjacent areas etc. The conductivity increase from 0.86 to 1.79 mS×cm-1 is visible e.g,. in March 2009, when the temperature increased from 4.5 to 7.6°C as well as in the following years.

The waters of greater conductivity, discharged from the A2 highway dewa-tering also flow into the pond in Ciosny. Their physico-chemical characteristics are significantly different for winter season from the spring water in Rosanow, which feeds the pond. The temperature of dehy-dration waters is lower and their conduc-tivity significantly greater than spring

water, as a result of the mineralization with chlorides. Therefore, a hypothesis has been stated that these waters just to a small extend mix with the pond waters and are stagnant at the bottom layer or trapped among the deposits – similarly to the settling tank. The investigations of the physico-chemical properties in the verti-cal profiles (2 on each of water reser-voirs), which were made from the ice cap surface in March 2011 proved that there is a difference between the conductivity of the bottom and surface waters. How-ever, similar water stratification has not been observed in the Ciosny pond, which has a small depth and is a flow-through reservoir.

As a result of a scarce difference in the water level between the settling tanks and the pond migration of contaminants between these two reservoirs is quite slow. An increase in runoff waters veloc-ity coming from highway dewatering is possible only at the time of ponds empty-ing. It is worth mentioning that at this time a significant increase in hydraulic gradient between the settling tanks and the axis of the Ciosny pond. It causes lowering of the water table, an increase in

Profile Ice cap

thickness [cm]

Measurements depth [m]

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Settling pond 1

24 1.02 1.21 1.51 -

Settling pond 2

26 1.07 1.22 1.58 -

Ciosny 1

13 0.21 0.30 0.31 -

Ciosny 2

13 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31

Table 2. SEC measurement data [mS×cm-1] of the settling pond (point 6) and in the pond in Ciosny at different depths


filtration by alluvia and a bigger inflow of the contaminated waters into the Cio-senka river. Because of an extensive fish farming in the Ciosny reservoir (commercial fishing ground) these are rather rare situations – they happen once in a few years, as a result of the inspec-tion of the main reservoir’s weir or the renovation of the auxiliary reservoirs. During the investigation period two such situations were registered. It was ob-served that the water conductivity of the Ciosenka river waters increased.

A gradual increase of the conductiv-ity was observed during the first warm months in 2007, after the A2 highway had came into exploitation (fig. 5). It had been increasing for 4 months (V–VIII) in the catchment closing cross-section (point 9) from 0.33 mS×cm-1 to about 0.40 mS×cm-1. In September that year, for the first time the reservoir in Ciosny was emptied. Fast movement of the wave with lots of suspended matter did not enable to record the conductivity during the control measurements. However, it is known that this water mixed with the waters of the two subsequent flow-through reservoirs. A gradual water exchange in the reser-voirs basins during the whole month caused an additional conductivity growth

in Swoboda cross-section (point 9) from the average value of 0.40 mS×cm-1 to the maximum of 0.68 mS×cm-1.

A similar situation took place in June 2010. Because the Ciosny pond was emp-tied just after the winter season, the water conductivity in Swoboda cross-section (point 9) was increasing significantly faster and reached greater values (till 0.90 mS×cm-1) than in Semptember 2007. The relevant, in that case, was the fact that the buffering abilities of the highway and the highway adjacent area were con-siderably smaller in 2010 than in the first year of road exploitation. It could addi-tionally influence the magnitude of SEC in the Ciosenka river waters. It should be pointed out that such situations are dan-gerous for the Ciosenka river ecosystem and may be the reason for losses in the river biotic environment.

Conclusions

Flow-through reservoirs belong to the areas of the significant modifications of river water properties. The presence of such ponds in the small river causes not only a decrease in the streamflow velocity and deposition of the suspended matter.

Fig. 5. Registration of the conductivity changes of the Dzierzazna river water in the Swoboda profile (point 9) caused by the process of the Ciosny fish farming pond emptying in September

2007 and June 2010


but also has an impact on the temperature and biological life conditions. The ex-posed reservoir surface contrasts with usually shaded banks of the small river beds. At the bottom and in the depths aquatic plants develop which favours a decrease in water conductivity. Further-more, the water discharged from artificial water reservoirs is characterized by an increased concentration of dissolved oxy-gen due to the water seeping through the weir of the sluice.

According to that, even small water reservoirs play a buffering role as for the impact of the urbanized areas and com-munication networks on the river water parameters. In the cross-sections localized just beneath the dewatering system out-lets, an increase in the electrical conduc-tivity and changeability of water pH of both rivers have been observed. In sum-mer season, pH of the waters flowing out the highway was almost neutral, while in winter time they became more alkaline. After water flew through the reservoirs cascade the effect of highway impact on the river water significantly decreased. Hence, electrical conductivity of the Dzierzazna waters in the catchment clos-ing cross-section was considerably lower, and the seasonal rhythm of the pH changes more similar to the natural fluc-tuations. The exceptions were the situa-tions when the reservoirs were emptied and all contaminating deposits accumu-lated on their bottom were released to the river waters.

Acknowledgments

This study is a part of the project "The impact of the degree of environment change on the cycle and the quality of water in the urban and suburban catch-ments" financed by Polish Ministry of

Science and Higher Education (NCN – N 306 073340).

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of the small Lodz suburban catch-ment), [in:] „Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie”, t. 7, z. 1 (19), Wyd. IMUZ, Falenty, pp. 105-122 (in Polish)

Moniewski P., Stolarska M., 2008, Wpływ przekształceń infrastruktury drogowej na podstawowe cechy fizykochemiczne wód powierzch-niowych małej zlewni podmiejskiej (An influence of road infrastructure transformations on the basic physico-chemical water properties of the sur-face water in a small suburban river catchment), [in:] Bródka S. (ed.), Problemy środowiska przyrodni-czego miast. Problemy ekologii kra-jobrazu (The problems of natural en-vironment of the cities. The problems of landscape ecology), tom 22, Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań-Warszawa, pp. 285-296 (in Polish)

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to determine the role of water-through res-ervoirs in prevent impact of motorway on river water features. In order to follow the changes the network of the monitoring points have been established. Every two weeks basic physico-chemical features of the waters (temperature, electrical con-ductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen concen-tration, turbidity) have been measured. The data from the automated water pollu-tion measurement station putted in the catchment closing cross-section (10-minutes data) are used as well as every-month series of the selected water quality indicators (chloride, nitrate). The gradual increase of the electrical conductivity of both rivers waters are found as well as pH changes. In the summertime pH of the

waters flowed from the motorway are close to inert but it has been evidently alkali during winters. However when they passed through the reservoir staircase lock observed motorway influence has been clearly weaker. The electrical con-ductivity of the Dzierzazna river in the closing cross-section was significantly smaller and seasonal pH changes – more natural. The only exception were situa-tions of total emptying of reservoirs when the pollutants accumulated in the bottom sediment were released.

EDITORIAL OFFICE ADDRESS:

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Documents

ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF …hydro.geo.uni.lodz.pl/uploads/file/pub_AB/2012_Bartnik_Moniewski_l… · Limnology Center Poznań 2012 Editors: Artur Grześkowiak