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Anfore a Pantelleria · 2017-03-30 · Pantelleria: storia archeologia ed archeologia subacquea /D IXWXUD ULFHUFD ULVHUYHU‡ certamente grandi sorprese a proposito della VWRULD GL

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Page 1: Anfore a Pantelleria · 2017-03-30 · Pantelleria: storia archeologia ed archeologia subacquea /D IXWXUD ULFHUFD ULVHUYHU‡ certamente grandi sorprese a proposito della VWRULD GL
Page 2: Anfore a Pantelleria · 2017-03-30 · Pantelleria: storia archeologia ed archeologia subacquea /D IXWXUD ULFHUFD ULVHUYHU‡ certamente grandi sorprese a proposito della VWRULD GL

Anfore a Pantelleria �

Salassa, salassa sto nou, sth yuch kai stij flebej maj salassa �mare, mare nello spirito, nella mente e nelle nostre vene sempre mare��

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id33049453 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com

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Page 5: Anfore a Pantelleria · 2017-03-30 · Pantelleria: storia archeologia ed archeologia subacquea /D IXWXUD ULFHUFD ULVHUYHU‡ certamente grandi sorprese a proposito della VWRULD GL

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1 Introduzione di Sebastiano Tusa

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/D�IXWXUD�ULFHUFD�ULVHUYHU‡ certamente grandi sorprese a proposito della VWRULD�GL�3DQWHOOHULD��0D�WDOL�VRUSUHVH�ULJXDUGHUDQQR�VRSUDWWXWWR�OD�VWRULD�GHO�SULPR� SRSRODPHQWR� GHOOíisola. », infatti, impossibile che soltanto nel II PLOOHQQLR� D�&��� FRPH� WHVWLPRQLDQR� L� GDWL� DUFKHRORJLFL� RJJL� GLVSRQLELOL��Oíisola fosse stata occupata. Del resto Ë indLUHWWDPHQWH�FHUWR�FKH�Oíisola�IRVVH�VWDWD� IUHTXHQWDWD� ILQ�GDO� QHROLWLFR�� FLRË almeno fin dal V millennio a.C., e FHUWDPHQWH� GXUDQWH� Oíeneolitico (III millennio a.C.). CiÚ si dHVXPH� GDOOD�SUHVHQ]D� GL� RVVLGLDQD� SDQWHVFD� ULQYHQXWD� LQ� FRQWHVWL� FRVÏ antichi sia in 6LFLOLD� FKH� D�0DOWD�� 8QD� GHOOH� DWWUDWWLYH� SULQFLSDOL� SHU� Oíuomo preistorico GRYHWWH�HVVHUH��LQIDWWL��LO�SUH]LRVR�ìvetro vulcanicoî che abbonda in pi˘ zone GHOOíisola. » noto che líossidiana, non appena viene conosciuta in seguito DOOíesplorazione delle zone di HVWUD]LRQH��/LSDUL�H�3DQWHOOHULD���YLHQH�VXELWR�DSSUH]]DWD�SHU�OH�LQGXEELH�TXDOLW‡ ed effLFDFLD�QHOOD�SURGX]LRQH�GL�VWUXPHQWL�OLWLFL��

,QROWUH� GDL� GDWL� GHOOD� PRUIRORJLD� FRVWLHUD� VHPEUD� DEEDVWDQ]D� SUREDELOH�FKH�OD�VXD�GLVWDQ]D�GDOOíAfrica e dalla Sicilia fosse minore nel momentR�GL�SDVVDJJLR� WUD� 3OHLVWRFHQH� HG� 2ORFHQH�� FLRË intorno ai 12.000 anni a.C. TXDQGR� OH�JHQWL�PHVROLWLFKH�RFFXSDYDQR�JUDQ�SDUWH�GHOOH�JURWWH�GHO� OLWRUDOH�VLFLOLDQR�HG�LQL]LDURQR�D�VFRSULUH�OH�JUDQGL�SRWHQ]LDOLW‡ del ìpianetaî mare. E ULVXOWD�DQFRU�SL˘ inveroVLPLOH�FKH�QHO�QHROLWLFR��TXDQGR�DQFKH�/DPSHGXVD�IX�FRORQL]]DWD�GD�JHQWL� VLFLOLDQH�� H� TXDQGR� VL� YLQVH� FHUWDPHQWH� OD� SDXUD�GHOOH�RQGH� VROFDQGR� L� PDUL� DOOD� ULFHUFD� GHOOíossidiana, Pantelleria fosse rimasta IXRUL�GDOOH�SULPLWLYH�URWWH�PHGLWHUUDQHH��

7XWWDYLD�� SXU� DYHQGR� OD� FHUWH]]D� FKH� JHQWL� VLFLOLDQH� H� PDOWHVL� VL�ULIRUQLURQR�GL�RVVLGLDQD�SDQWHVFD�LQ�SHULRGL�FRVÏ remoti, non abbiamo alcun GDWR� FHUWR� VXOOíoccupazione pi˘ antica di Pantelleria. Le testimonianze LQVHGLDPHQWDOL�SL˘ antiche risalgono, infaWWL��DOOíaQWLFD�HW‡ del bronzo, e cioË DL� SULPL� VHFROL� GHO� ,,� PLOOHQQLR� D�&�� 6L� WUDWWD� GHO� EHQ� QRWR� YLOODJJLR�IRUWLILFDWR�GL�0XUVLD� H� GHOOíadiacente necropoli costituita da quei singRODUL�HG� RULJLQDOL� PRQXPHQWL�� LJQRWL� DO� GL� IXRUL� GL� 3DQWHOOHULD�� FKH� YHQJRQR�GHQRPLQDWL� sesi�� $QFKH� DOWURYH� QHOOíisola, dallíarea limitrofa allíattuale FDSROXRJR��DOOH�SL˘ remote contrade di Balata dei Turchi, le testimonianze UDFFROWH�QRQ�DQWHGDWDQR�JOL�LQL]L�GHO�,,�PLOOHQQLR�D�&��

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,� VHVL� GL� 3DQWHOOHULD� VRQR� VWUXWWXUH� FLUFRODUL� D� WURQFR� GL� FRQR�� FRVWUXLWH�VHFRQGR�XQD� WHFQLFD�PHJDOLWLFD�HG�DGLELWH�DG�HVFOXVLYD� IXQ]LRQH� IXQHUDULD��/D� ORUR� WLSRORJLD� ULIOHWWH� LO� PRGXOR� D� WRUUH� EHQ� QRWR� QHOOH� DOWUH� LVROH� GHO�0HGLWHUUDQHR� FHQWUDOH� �� GDOOH� QDYHWDV� H� WDOD\RWV� EDOHDULFL�� DOOH� WRUUL� GHOOD�&RUVLFD� HG� DL� QXUDJKH� VDUGL�� 2YYLDPHQWH� WDOL� JHQHUDOL]]D]LRQL� KDQQR� EHQ�SRFR� VHQVR� SRLFKÈ ogni articolazione locale di tale modulo assume le sue SHFXOLDULW‡ formali e tecniche specifiche, nonchÈ le proprie mRWLYD]LRQL�ILORJHQHWLFKH��

,�VHVL��LQIDWWL��D�GLIIHUHQ]D�GHL�VLPLOL�PRQXPHQWL�VXFFLWDWL��QRQ�SUHVHQWDQR�XQD� VWUXWWXUD� FDYD� DOOíinterno, sicchÈ la loro tecnica costruttiva risulta HVWUHPDPHQWH� HOHPHQWDUH�� $G� XQ� SDUDPHQWR� EHQ� FRVWUXLWR� FRQ� SRGHURVL�EORFFKL�FRUULVSRQGH�XQD�VWUXWWXUD�LQWHUQD�D�VDFFR�GL�SLHWUDPH�YDULR��6ROWDQWR�DL� ILDQFKL� YHQLYDQR� FRVWUXLWH� XQD� R� SL˘ piccROH� FDYLW‡ adibite al rituale IXQHUDULR�� 8QD� VWUXWWXUD�� TXLQGL�� HVWUHPDPHQWH� VHPSOLILFDWD� FKH� SHU� QXOOD�VHPEUD�ULFKLDPDUH�OH�DUGLWH]]H�GHOOD�VWDWLFD�WDOD\RWLFD�GHOOH�%DOHDUL��WRUUHDQD�GHOOD�&RUVLFD�H�QXUDJLFD�GHOOD�6DUGHJQD��H�FKH�VHPPDL�QH�ULSUHQGH�VROWDQWR�OH�HVSHULHQ]H�IRUPDWLYH���

» proprio con i monumenti pi˘ antichi che possono collocarsi alla base GHOOíinsoUJHQ]D� QXUDJLFD� FKH� WURYLDPR� JOL� HOHPHQWL� SL˘ significativi di FRQIURQWR� WLSRORJLFR� H� WHFQLFR�� &L� ULIHULDPR� DL� QXUDJKL� D� FRUULGRLR� R�ìpseudonuraghiî ñ� GD� $OEXFFLX� D� 3HSSH� *DOOX� H� %UXQFX� 0DGXJXL� ñ�FDUDWWHUL]]DWL� GDOOD� QHWWD� SUHYDOHQ]D� GHOOD� PXUDWXUD� VXOOR� VSD]LR� YXRWR�IUXLELOH�� 4XHVWD� WLSRORJLD� WURYD� XOWHULRUL� FRQIURQWL� LQ� )UDQFLD� FRQ� DOFXQL�WXPXOL�GDWDELOL�DO�QHROLWLFR�PHGLR��TXDOL�TXHOOL�GL�/D�+RJXH�H�/D�+RJXHWWH��LQ�&DOYDGRV��

3HQVR� FKH� SHU� VSLHJDUH� Oíoriginalit‡ dellíacquisizione pantesca del PRGXOR� D� WRUUH� SLHQD� ELVRJQD� WHQHU� FRQWR� GL� FLÚ che la vicina tradizione VLFLOLDQD�GHL� ULWXDOL� IXQHUDUL�FRQWHPSRUDQHL�FRPSRUWDYD��&LÚ anche in virt˘ GHO� IDWWR� FKH� OD� VIHUD� FXOWXUDOH� QHOOD� TXDOH� Oíorizzonte pantesco dei sesi si LQVHULVFH� Ë quello siciliano cosiddetto di RodÏ�7LQGDUL�9DOOHOXQJD��%RFFDGLIDOFR�� /íinsediamento di Mursia fa, infatti, parte integraQWH� GL� XQ�YDVWR� DUHDOH� FXOWXUDOH� FKH� YHGH� WXWWD� OD� 6LFLOLD� VHWWHQWULRQDOH�� FRPSUHVR��TXLQGL�� LO�3DOHUPLWDQR�H�SDUWH�GHO�7UDSDQHVH��DFFRPXQDWR�GDOOD�SUHVHQ]D�GL�XQD� WUDGL]LRQH� FHUDPLFD� FKH� VL� GLVWDFFD� VHQVLELOPHQWH� GD� TXHOOD� LPSHUDQWH�SUHFHGHQWHPHQWH� VRSUDWWXWWR� QHOOíaltra parte della Sicilia interessata dalla FLYLOW‡ di Castelluccio. Questíultima, infatti, Ë caratterizzata dalla presenza GL�XQD�ULFFD�H�YDULHJDWD�SURGX]LRQH�FKH�KD�QHOOD�GHFRUD]LRQH�GLSLQWD�LQ�QHUR�R�EUXQR�VX�IRQGR�URVVR�OD�VXD�SHFXOLDULW‡ maggLRUH��/íarHDOH�FXOWXUDOH�FXL�ID�ULIHULPHQWR� 3DQWHOOHULD�� QHJD�� LQYHFH�� TXDOVLDVL� FURPDWLVPR� QHOOD�GHFRUD]LRQH�� LQGXJLDQGR�� WDOYROWD�� QHOOíincisione o nellíelaborata

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VRSUHOHYD]LRQH� GHOOH� DQVH�� 4XHVWH� SHFXOLDULW‡ portano alla determinazione FKH�LQ�TXHVWR�SHULRGR�JUDQ�SDUWH�GHOOD�6LFLOLD��FRPSUHVD�3DQWHOOHULD��SUHVHQWD�IRUWL�DQDORJLH�FRQ�LO�PRQGR�WLUUHQLFR�FRQ�LO�TXDOH�VL�WURYDQR�GLYHUVL�OLYHOOL�GL�RPRJHQHLW‡ tipologica e culturale. Stretti sono, iQIDWWL��L�OHJDPL�WUD�OD�FXOWXUD�LQ�TXHVWLRQH�H�TXHOOH�GL�&DSR�*UD]LDQR��DOOH�(ROLH��H�GHO�3URWRDSSHQQLQLFR�%��QHOOD�SHQLVROD��

1HOOíambito della cultura di RodÏ�7LQGDUL�9DOOHOXQJD�%RFFDGLIDOFR�0XUVLD� OD� WLSRORJLD� IXQHUDULD� ULPDQH� VHPSUH� DQFRUDWD� DOOíidea di tomba LSRJHLFD�D�JURWWLFHOOD��», peUWDQWR�SUREDELOH�FKH�FKL�LPSLDQWÚ líinsediamento GL�0XUVLD� D� 3DQWHOOHULD� DJOL� LQL]L� GHO� ,,� PLOOHQQLR� D�&�� �FRPH� FL� LQGLFDQR�DQFKH�OH�GDWD]LRQL�DO�UDGLRFDUERQLR���SURYHQHQGR�GDOOD�6LFLOLD��SRUWDVVH�FRQ�VH�WDOH�WUDGL]LRQH��0D�GLIILFLOPHQWH�SRWÈ perseguirla a causa della difficolt‡ RJJHWWLYD� GL� VFDYDUH� JURWWLFHOOH� QHOOD� FRQVLVWHQWH� H� IUDVWDJOLDWD� VWUXWWXUD�YXOFDQLFD� GHOOíisola. » molto probabile, quindi, che il sese nasca GDOOíesigenza di trDVIHULUH�OD�WLSRORJLD�GHOOD�WRPED�D�JURWWLFHOOD�VFDYDWD�QHOOD�URFFLD� DQFKH� VXO� VXROR� SDQWHVFR�� 0D� OD� QDWXUD� LQFRHUHQWH� H� IULDELOH� GHOOD�URFFLD�YXOFDQLFD� ORFDOH�QRQ�SHUPHWWHYD� Oíintaglio regolare e duraturo delle FHOOHWWH�IXQHUDULH��6L�GHWHUPLQDYD��SHUWDQWR��OíesLJHQ]D�GL�FUHDUH�XQ�VXSSRUWR�DUWLILFLDOH� RYH� FUHDUH� HIILFDFHPHQWH� WDOH� FHOOD� SVHXGRLSRJHLFD�� 1HOOD�FUHD]LRQH�GL�WDOH�VXSSRUWR�GL�YDOLGR�DLXWR�GRYHWWH�HVVHUH�Oíimprestito foUPDOH�FRVWLWXLWR� GDOOíintroduzione del modulo a torre gi‡ da tempo diffuso nel 0HGLWHUUDQHR�FHQWUDOH��

,O� IHQRPHQR� PHJDOLWLFR�� TXLQGL�� SXU� HVVHQGR� SUHVHQWH�� DQFKH� D�3DQWHOOHULD� DFTXLVWHUHEEH�� LQ� UHDOW‡, un ruolo estremamente marginale se FRQIURQWDWR�FRQ� OH�DUHH� OLPLWURIH�GHO�0HGLWHUUDQHR�FHQWUDOH��3HQVR��TXLQGL��FKH� Oíarchitettura megalitica pantesca sia tale soltanto nel suo aspetto IRUPDOH� H� VXSHUILFLDOH�� PD� QRQ� VWUXWWXUDOH�� 6L� YHULILFKHUHEEH�� WUD� 6LFLOLD� H�3DQWHOOHULD�� DQFKH� XQD� FRQYHUJHQ]D� IHQRPHQLFD��&RVÏ come líintroduzione GHOOD�WLSRORJLD�GHOOD�WRPED�D�FRUULGRLR�R�JDOOHULD�QHOOD�6LFLOLD�GHOOíantica et‡ GHO�EURQ]R��LQL]L�GHO�,,�PLOOHQQLR�D�&���ULPDQHYD�XQ�IHQRPHQR�PDUJLQDOH�H�OLPLWDWR� H�� FRPXQTXH�� IRUWHPHQWH� PRGLILFDWR� QHOOD� VXD� DGR]LRQH�� DQFKH�Oíinserzione del modulo a torre a PaQWHOOHULD�UDSSUHVHQWHUHEEH�XQ�HOHPHQWR�WHFQLFR� XWLOL]]DWR� SHU� WUDVIHULUH� VXOOíisola un rLWXDOH� IXQHUDULR� DOWULPHQWL�LPSUDWLFDELOH��

», quindi, presuPLELOH�� FKH� VROWDQWR� Oíaspetto formale e tecnico GHOOíarchitettura mHJDOLWLFD�VLD�JLXQWR� LQ�6LFLOLD�GDOOD�6DUGHJQD��6FRUJLDPR�LQ�TXHVWR�SURYHQLUH�GDOOD�6DUGHJQD�LO�ULSHWHUVL�GL�FRQVXHWL�SHUFRUVL��» lungo OR� VWHVVR� WUDJLWWR� FKH� JLXQVH� LQ� 6LFLOLD�� TXDOFKH� VHFROR� SULPD�� LO� %LFFKLHUH�&DPSDQLIRUPH�FKH�VL�GLIIXVH�PDJJLRUPHQWH�SURSULR�LQ�TXHOOD�DUHD�GHO�EDVVR�%HOLFH�GRYH�ULVFRQWULDPR�DQFKH�IRUPH�GL�PHJDOLWLVPR�ULGRWWR��6HPEUHUHEEH�

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'íaltro canto il loro frequente impiego puÚ essere in parte attribuito al IDWWR� FKH� HUDQR� GL� EDVVR� FRVWR� H� IDFLOPHQWH� XWLOL]]DELOL� SHU� OH� FHQHUL� H��TXDOFKH� YROWD� SHU� L� FRUSL� GHL� GHIXQWL�� $QFKH� LQ� TXHVWD� LSRWHVL�� WXWWDYLD�� FL�GHYH� HVVHUH� VWDWR� XQ� GHVLGHULR� SL˘ o meno inconscio di fornire o VLPEROL]]DUH�L�EHQL�GL�TXHVWR�PRQGR��&RVÏ la maggior parte deOOH�VHSROWXUH�GL� FUHPDWL�� ROWUH� DOOíanfora cineraria, contenevano cibi per líaldil‡, cosÏ FRPH�YDVHOODPH�YDULR�H�YHWUHULH��

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�Scopi architettonici:

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Scopi diversi: � &DWRQH� UDFFRPDQGD� Oíuso di uníanfora per líiPELDQFKLPHQWR� GHO�

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XQíanfora contenente una grande quantit‡ GL�PRQHWH� URPDQH� �Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology��;;,��������

� �FLUFD�Oíuso dellíanfora come salvadanaio ne troviamo notizia anche

LQ *HOOLR���alii uini amphoras quas plenas tulerunt,eas argento repletas domum reportanerunt.� ���DOWUL� ULSRUWDURQR�D�FDVD�FROPH�GL�GHQDUR� OH�DQIRUH�FKH� DYHYDQR� SRUWDWH� FROPH� GL� YLQR���� �Noctes Atticae�� ;9�� ������� LQ�&�1HSRWH� Hannibal��,;�����LQ�*LXVWLQR��Hist��;;;,,�������

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JXHUUD��ìCneo Scipio bello navali amphoras pice et taeda plenas in hostium classem iaculatum estî (Strat��,9��������

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Focesi[Ö]�� scavata nel passo vicino a Jampoli una grande fossa, vi deposero delle anfore vuote, poi vi gettarono sopra del terriccio e uguagliarono il terreno[Ö] Tessali[Ö] andarono a cadere sulle anfore e i loro cavalli vi si spezzarono le gambe �Storie��9,,,�������

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Vitium huius est allex atque imperfecta nec colata faex �Oíallex FRVWLWXLVFH� OR� VFDUWR� GHO� JDUXP� QRQ� ODYRUDWR� H� QRQ� ILOWUDWR�� �3OLQLR�� 1�+��;;;,�������

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» opportuno operare una distinzione tra le strutture di natura FRPPHUFLDOH�H�TXHOOH�PDULWWLPH�� ,Q�HIIHWWL�� FRQ� OR� VYLOXSSR�GHO�FRPPHUFLR�VX� YDVWD� VFDOD� ULFKLHVWR� GDOOíesistenza di grandi agglomerati urbani e VRSUDWWXWWR� GHOOíenorme mercato romano, fanno la� ORUR� FRPSDUVD� VWUXWWXUH�GLIIHUHQ]LDWH� ULVSHWWR�DOOH� IRUPH�DQWLFKH��'D�XQ� ODWR�YHQJRQR�FUHDWH�JUDQGL�

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D]LHQGH� FRPPHUFLDOL� VSHVVR� VSHFLDOL]]DWH�� FRPH� TXHOOH� GHL� negotiatiores: negotiatiores frumentarii, negotiatiores vinarii etc.�3DUDOOHODPHQWH�D�TXHVWR�FRPPHUFLR� DOOíingrosso, si sviluppano le grandi imprese di trasporto PDULWWLPR��TXHOOH�GHL�QDYLFRODUL��LO�FXL�QRPH�GHULYD�GLUHWWDPHQWH�GD�TXHOOR�GL�naukleros.� 4XHVWL� QDYLFRODUL� SRVVHGHYDQR� QDYL� FKH� VIUXWWDYDQR� JUD]LH� DO�ODYRUR�GL�QXPHURVL�GLSHQGHQWL��DYHYDQR�GHL�UDSSUHVHQWDQWL�QHL�JUDQGL�SRUWL�H�QRQ� HUDQR� VSHFLDOL]]DWL� QHO� WUDVSRUWR�GL�PHUFL� SDUWLFRODUL��EHQVÏ caricavano VXOOH� ORUR�QDYL� WXWWR�FLÚ che veniva loro proposto. SRSUDWWXWWR��SHUÚ, questi QDYLFRODUL�� EHQ� DWWUH]]DWL� GDO� SXQWR� GL� YLVWD� ILQDQ]LDULR�� ILUPDYDQR� GHL�FRQWUDWWL�GL�WUDVSRUWR�FRQ�Oíufficio annonario. In cambio di questi servizi resi DOOR� 6WDWR�� HVVL� ULFHYHYDQR� ROWUH� DO� naulum�� FLRË al prezzo del trasporto, DQFKH�XQ�FHUWR�QXPHUR�GL�YDQWDJJL�JLXULGLFL����*L‡ sotto il regno di Claudio ������� G�&���� YHGLDPR� Oíimperatore concedere la cittadinanza romana ai /DWLQL� iuniani�� YDOH� D� GLUH� DJOL� VFKLDYL� DIIUDQFDWL� LUUHJRODUPHQWH� FKH�SRQHYDQR�OH�ORUR�QDYL�DO�VHUYL]LR�GL�5RPD��,Q�VHJXLWR�TXHVWL�YDQWDJJL�VL�VRQR�PROWLSOLFDWL��GLPRVWUDQGR�LQ�WDO�PRGR�TXDQWR�OR�6WDWR�DYHVVH�ELVRJQR�GL�HVVL��� $OOR� VWHVVR� WHPSR� VL� WUDVIRUPDYDQR� DQFKH� OH� VWUXWWXUH� GHL� QDYLFRODUL��1HOOíepoca antonina (138����� G�&���� HVLVWHYDQR� QRQ� SL˘ i navicolari, ma FRPSDJQLH� GL� QDYLFRODUL�� FRPSUHQGHQWL� PHPEUL� DWWLYL� �� TXHOOL� FKH� HUDQR�LPSHJQDWL� GLUHWWDPHQWH� QHOOíazienda e beneficiavano solo dei vantaggi FRQFHVVL� GDOOR� 6WDWR� �� PD� DQFKH� PHPEUL� RQRUDUL�� YDOH� D� GLUH� VRFL�ILQDQ]LDWRUL��JHQWH�FKH� VL� OLPLWDYD�DG� LQYHVWLUH�GHQDUR�QHOOíiPSUHVD�H�FRPH�FRQWURSDUWLWD�DYHYD�LO�GLULWWR�DG�XQD�SDUWH�GHL�SURILWWL��,�QDYLFRODUL��JUD]LH�D�TXHVWL� LQYHVWLPHQWL��QRQ�DYHYDQR�SHUFLÚ pi˘ bisogno di ricorrere al prestito PDULWWLPR�� SUHURJDWLYD� RUPDL� VROR� GHL� SLFFROL� FRPPHUFLDQWL� H� GHL� SLFFROL�SURSULHWDUL�GL�QDYL��

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/R� VWLYDJJLR� GHL� FDULFKL� SRQH� LO� SUREOHPD� GHL� PHWRGL� XWLOL]]DWL� SHU�Oíimbarco e lo sbarco delle merci. Occorre tenere presente, anzitutto che, GDOOíepoca egiziana allíImpero rRPDQR�� OH� SDVVHUHOOH� H� OH� VFDOH� FKH�SHUPHWWHYDQR�Oíimbarco e lo sbarco erano disposte a prua della nave e che, TXDQGR�Oíimbarcazione si accostava ad un molo, generalmente lo faceva in DYDQWL� D� WUH� TXDUWL�� » da notare anche che durante tutto questo ampio SHULRGR��LO�PHWRGR�SL˘ comune per il carico e lo scarico delle merci Ë quello GHOOíimpiego della forza umana.�

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1DWXUDOPHQWH� Oíindicazione Dressel 1A esprime succintamente la IRUPXOD��ìanfora tipo Dressel I, Lamboglia 1 fase Aî. Il Benoit, a sua volta, QHOOD�WLSRORJLD�FKH�KD�VWLODWR�UHODWLYDPHQWH�DOOD�'UHVVHO���KD�FRPSUHVR�QHOOD�VXD�UHSXEEOLFDQD�,,,$�� 'UHVVHO��$��GXH�VRWWRWLSL��OD�UHSXEEOLFDQD�,,,$�H�OD�UHSXEEOLFDQD� ,,,$�� 8Q� LPSRUWDQWH� WLSR� GL� DQIRUD� FRPSUHVR� QHOOD�UHSXEEOLFDQD� ,,,$� Ë l' anfora cosiddetta di Sestius�� GDO� EROOR� SES� FKH� YL�FRPSDUH�� 4XHVWR� EROOR�� ROWUH� FKH� VXOOH� DQIRUH� GHO� UHOLWWR� GHO� *UDQG�&RQJORXÈ, si trova anche sulle anfore dei giacimenti dellíIsola del Levante, 5XVFLQR��&RVD��7RORVD��0RQW�%HXYUD\��%HVDQFRQ��%DVLOHD��/H]RX[��$OHVLD�R�$OHULD�� 9HQWLPLJOLD�� 9DGD� 6DEDWLD�� 1LPHV�� �)�� %HQRLW�� Typologie et epigraphie amphorisques,�LQ RSL��;;,,,�Q������SDJ�����ILJ�������Tipo Dressel 1B (D1B) �

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FXULRVR�� DG� HVHPSLR�� FKH� WDQWR� OD� 'UHVVHO� �� FKH� OD� 'UHVVHO� �� DEELDQR�FRQWHQXWR�JOL�VWHVVL�YLQL�� OíAmineum, il Baeterrense, il Laurunense. Inoltre OíAmineum era uno dei vini pi˘ celHEUL� GHOOD� &DPSDQLD�� LO� %DHWHUUHQVH�YHQLYD�GDOOD��3URYHQ]D�HG�LO�/DXURQHQVH�HUD�FRQVLGHUDWR�LO�PLJOLRU�YLQR�GHOOD�6SDJQD��HG�Ë contrario all' uso antico e in sË poco credibile che vini di cosÏ GLYHUVH� SURYHQLHQ]H� YHQLVVHUR� FKLXVL� LQ� DQIRUH� GL� XQR� VWHVVR� WLSR�� ,O� IDWWR�UHDOH�Ë che le forme 2, 3 e 4 del Dressel non sono sufficienti ad esaXULUH�OH�YDULDQWL� GL� XQD� IDPLJOLD� DVVDL� QXPHURVD� GL� DQIRUH� FKH�� SXU� DYHQGR� PROWH�FDUDWWHULVWLFKH�FRPXQL��SXU�VSHVVR�GLIIHULVFRQR�LQ�HOHPHQWL�QRQ�DSSUH]]DELOL�VROWDQWR� VXOOD� EDVH� GHOOD� IRUPD�� FRPH� Oíargilla, le dimensioni ed il peso. $QFKH� SHU� FLÚ che riguaUGD� OD� FURQRORJLD�� ULPDQJRQR� ODUJKH� ]RQH� GL�LQFHUWH]]D�� ,O� /DPERJOLD� LQFOXGH� OH� IRUPH� ��� ��� �� H� �� IUD� OH� DQIRUH�UHSXEEOLFDQH��FURQRORJLD�FKH�QRQ�SXÚ essere mantenuta, in considerazione GHOOH� FLWDWH� GDWH� FRQVRODUL��PD� FKH�� LQ� FHUWR�PRGR�� FRUULVSRQGH� DOOD� JLXVWD�HVLJHQ]D� GL� IDU� ULVDOLUH� DOPHQR� DO� SULPR� VHFROR� D�&�� Oíorigine di queste DQIRUH���

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Spatia (Keay XXV, 2) �

/D� PRUIRORJLD� GL� TXHVWL� FRQWHQLWRUL� SUHVHQWD� LO�FDUDWWHULVWLFR�FRUSR�VWUHWWR�HG�DOOXQJDWR��LO�FROOR�YHUWLFDOH�FRQ� RUOR� LQJURVVDWR� HVWURIOHVVR� R� D� IDVFLD� YHUWLFDOH�� /H�DQVH�VRQR�D�QDVWUR�LPSRVWDWH�VXO�FROOR��LO�SLHGH�Ë lungo e PROWR�VRWWLOH��/D�SDVWD�GHOOíargilla Ë generalmente dura e GL� FRORUH� EUXQR� R� URVVR� EULOODQWH�� OD� SDUHWH� HVWHUQD� Ë VSHVVR� ULFRSHUWD� GD� LQJXEELDWXUD� FKLDUD�� 4XHVWR� WLSR�Gíanfora Ë molto diffuso dal V al VII sec. d.C. in tutte le UHJLRQL�FRVWLHUH�GHOOíAfrica del nord.�

,O� SURGRWWR� FRQWHQXWR�Ë abbastanza dubbio. In alcuni HVHPSODUL� SURYHQLHQWL� GDO� UHOLWWR� 'UDPPRQW� (� VRQ� VWDWL�ULWURYDWL� QRFFLROL� GL� ROLYH�� $OFXQL� SUHVXPRQR� FKH� DOWUL�SURGRWWL� SRVVDQR� HVVHUH� VWDWL� ROLR�� FRQVHUYH� GL� SHVFH��YLQR���Anfora (Keay 56B) �

4XHVWR� FRQWHQLWRUH� DSSDUWLHQH� DOOD� IDPLJOLD� GHOOH�ìanfore cilindriche di JUDQGL� GLPHQVLRQLî. Sotto questíetichetta sono raggruppati diversi tipi Gíanfore. Il denominatore comune� Ë il corpo e il collo cilindrici (il collo WDOYROWD� SXÚ essere tronco�FRQLFR��� ,O� ODEEUR� Ë in genere ingrossato e UHWWLOLQHR��OH�DQVH��D�SURILOR�RYDOH��VRQR�LPSRVWDWH�VXO�FROOR�H�VXOOD�VSDOOD��,O�SLHGH�Ë corto e pieno. Líaltezza media del contenitore si aJJLUD�WUD�L�����ñ�����FP��

/D�FURQRORJLD�GL�TXHVWíanfora va dal V alla met‡ del VII sec. d.C. I tipi VRQR� GLIIXVL� VRSUDWWXWWR� QHOOH� UHJLRQL� GHO� 0HGLWHUUDQHR� RFFLGHQWDOH�� ,O�FRQWHQXWR�HUD�SULQFLSDOPHQWH�ROLR��

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Marco
Marco
Page 107: Anfore a Pantelleria · 2017-03-30 · Pantelleria: storia archeologia ed archeologia subacquea /D IXWXUD ULFHUFD ULVHUYHU‡ certamente grandi sorprese a proposito della VWRULD GL
Marco
Marco