Ancient RomeMr. Pentzak

Level One Individuals & Societies

Pre-Test 3/25 & 3/26 Where is Italy? What are some natural boundaries of Italy? What river is Rome situated on? According to the legend of the founding of Rome, who were

the two twins that built Rome? Who was their father? How does the legend above relate to the story of The Aeneid? Who wrote the Aeneid? How is it similar to Homer’s epics The

Iliad and The Odyssey? Name two cultures that heavily influenced Roman civilization

Pre-Test Continued When did the Roman Empire collapse? What is the difference between a Patrician and

Plebian? What are Romance Languages and what do they have

to do with Rome? Name at least one Roman god/goddess and their

Greek counterpart. How did the Roman Empire influence Christianity? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=me4E5wDCK2Q

Vocabulary List #3 Patrician Plebian Veto Senate Consul

Conquer Tolerance Persecute Successor Legend

Standardized Definitions

Patrician- an aristocrat or nobleman

Plebian- a commoner Veto- the power to prevent

legislation or action proposed by others

Senate- an assembly of citizens having the highest deliberative functions in a government, esp. a legislative assembly of a state or nation.

Consul- (in ancient Rome) one of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the republic.

Conquer- overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force.

Tolerance- willingness to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your own

Persecute- subject (someone) to hostility and ill-treatment, esp. because of their race or political or religious beliefs

Successor- a person or entity who takes over and continues the role or position of another.

Legend- a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated

Popcorn Reading I will select who will read first. After reading AT LEAST THREE SENTENCES, the

reader may then select the next student to read aloud by saying “popcorn, (name of student)” and throwing the beach ball/dino plush towards them.

The process will continue until the selected passage is completed.

No repeats until everyone has read!

Origins of Rome Historians do not know exactly how Rome came to be, but

later Romans came up with legends that explained their origins.

We will be working in groups of three to four to explore the two famous legends surrounding the founding of Rome.

We will be watching short video clips, working with complex texts, and working collaboratively to sort the details out!

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/romes-humble-beginnings-from-a-greek-colony-to-the-formation-of-the-republic.html#lesson

(Skip 6:15-6:52)

Legendary Rome The Aeneid

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/1524F9FB-0302-4283-9D05-BCE42A4C6C1D

Written by Roman poet Virgil in 19 BCE Glorifies the history of Rome, borrows the glory of the

Greeks, adds divinity of the ruler Romulus & Remus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI&authuser=0 Explains the construction of Rome in 753 BCE Divine influences, fratricide, fills in the gaps between the

Aeneid to the founding of the city

Origins of RomeRomulus & Remus

Twins born to the god of war Mars and Rhea Silva, a princess that was banished to a temple by her cruel uncle

Her uncle has the kids kidnapped and “drowned”

Kids rescued and raised by wolves, later adopted

Grow up, kill uncle, claim throne through mother’s heritage

Build a city, get in a fight about what to call it, Romulus kills Remus and names city Rome

Virgil’s The Aeneid Aeneas is a Trojan prince,

escapes during the fall of Troy Epic adventure all over the

Mediterranean Sea Gods divert him for a long time Finally gets to Italy, aligns

himself with the locals, marries a princess, starts a war

He eventually wins, his family becomes the ruling class

Rhea Silva is Aeneas’ descendant

Bell Ringer 3/27 & 3/28

• Give me the PLOT of the legend of Romulus and Remus

• Who were the main characters? • Are there any elements to this story that

you can connect to other stories or legends?

Homework 3/27 & 3/28

Go this this website: http://www.purposegames.com/game/roman-empire-basic-geography-game

Do five rounds, recording your scores and times on a piece of paper

Have whoever is at home sign/initial to verify you did it

Bring in for next class

Bell Ringer 3/31 & 4/1 Take out your old Vocabulary List Three

homework & your homework with the mapping game

Draw a picture of two words that clearly represents the meaning of those words.

Are there any words you are struggling with? If not, please study the words on list three

silently.

1. Legend2. Senate3. Republic4. Plebian5. Aristocrac

y6. Tolerance7. Patrician8. Oligarchy9. Veto10.Consul11.Tyrant12.Persecute13.Monarchy14.Successor15.Conquer

A. an aristocrat or noblemanB. A form of government headed by a hereditary sovereign head of state, esp. a king, queen, or

emperor.C. a commoner D. A government by the best individuals or by a small, wealthy, landholding privileged classE. A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institutionF. the power to prevent legislation or action proposed by othersG. an assembly of citizens having the highest deliberative functions in a government, esp. a

legislative assembly of a state or nation.H. (in ancient Rome) one of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the

republic.I. overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force.J. willingness to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your ownK. subject (someone) to hostility and ill-treatment, esp. because of their race or political or

religious beliefsL. A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and

which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.M. a person or entity who takes over and continues the role or position of another.N. a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticatedO. A non-elected absolute ruler that takes power by force

BONUS16. Define “Pilgrimage”

Homework 3/31 & 4/1 Go to this website: http://

www.purposegames.com/game/longitude-and-latitude-quiz

Do five rounds, recording your scores and times on a piece of paper

Have whoever is at home sign/initial to verify you did it

Bring in for next class

Bell Ringer 4/2 & 4/3 How are the stories of Romulus and Remus and

The Aeneid related? How do you think Patricians or Plebeians can be

connected to those stories? How do you think the lives of slaves, plebeians,

and patricians were similar/different?

Bell Ringer 4/4 & 4/7 How do we decide what things are important? What is the best way to remember/organize a

lot of information?

Bell Ringer 4/10 & 4/11

What did you like about doing the timeline assignment?

What didn’t you like? What did you learn from doing this assignment? What changes would you make to the

assignments if you had to do it again?

Bell Ringer 4/14 & 4/15

Take out vocab list three and review for two minutes

Are there any words that you are struggling with?

Take out a blank piece of paper Write your name, date, and block in the upper

right hand corner Write “Vocab Quiz 3.5” on the top line Number your paper 1-10 along the left side

Mental Map Directions On the piece of paper provided, draw a map of

the Roman Empire, using only your “mental map” or existing geography skills. You will have ten minutes Try to be as accurate as you can be Using markers, colored pencils, or crayons,

please shade the extent of the Roman Empire at it’s height of power

This will serve as another pre-test measure, we will compare this one to one we do at the end of the unit

See Mr. Pentzak’s example

How Did We Do?

Roman Dragon…

For Labeling Your Maps

On Your Maps…

(41˚N, 12˚E) (32˚N, 35˚E) (51˚N, 0˚E) (49˚N, 2˚E) (37˚N, 10˚E)

(38˚N, 24˚E) (31˚N, 30˚E) (35˚N, 36˚E) (32˚N, 44˚E) (41˚N, 29˚E)

Plot the following coordinates (city locations) and then use your word bank to identify them. Use an atlas, textbook, or map to label the other items in your word bank

Early Italy THE ETRUSCANS First people in Italy (?) Different language, religion,

and culture Women seemed to have high

status, depicted in art, mentioned in burials

What we know of them comes from archeological finds and their descriptions in Greek and Roman histories

Latins adapted their style of clothing, city layout (hill, ditch, wall) some of their words, social class

THE LATINS A tribe that lived in the area

that is now Rome Spoke a older form of Latin Did not leave many written

records Loosely unified settlements,

ethnically Latins The king of the Latins,

Latinus met with Aeneas, he marries his daughter Lavinia and builds a new capital city.

Eventually, this line is supposed to have produced Romulus and Remus

So... Rome?We can divide it's history into three main pieces or eras: Kingdom, Republic, and Empire Roman Kingdom 753 BCE- 509 BCE Founded in 753 BCE Ruled as a monarchy (Romulus first king) Romulus is said to have create the senate 300 of the best

individuals After each king died, a new king would be voted in The last king was a cruel tyrant, over thrown in 509 BCE Leaders of the rebellion became the first to consuls of the

Roman Republic

Roman RepublicRoman Republic 509 BCE- 27 BCE

Consuls voted in each year, they can veto each other and guided by the senate

Check and balances! Typically high offices were reserved for Patricians

Plebs/Plebeians were just about everyone besides Patricians: shop keepers, merchants, skilled craftsmen, unskilled laborers.

Many of Rome's wealthiest families end up being Plebian

A series of political conflicts from 494-287 BCE sought to level the class differences

Once equal representation in gov’t. achieved, those Plebeians in office became more Patrician

Revolution!

Roman Empire 27 BCE – 476 CE (Western)/ 330-1453 CE (Eastern) Julius Caesar elected as Consul in 59 BCE

He and his two close friends form a political alliance (triumvirate) which basically voids the power of the other consul member

After his year is up, Caesar leaves Rome and becomes a governor and then lead military campaigns to the north

Political rivals back in Rome – He cannot come back 49 BCE Crosses the Rubicon River (an act of Civil War) 48 BCE Caesar appointed dictator of Rome

Caesar Continued Must fight off his rivals to secure his power

Chases his enemy Pompey to Egypt Egyptian Pharaoh serves his head on a platter, Caesar not

pleased Cleopatra is the pharaoh's brother, Caesar appoint her to throne

Major reforms of the Republic Make distant provinces loyal to Rome-appoint reps in senate Grants citizenship to loyal non-Romans Julian calendar (solar, aligned with seasons vs. lunar) Term limits, luxury taxes, land distribution

Assassinated on March 15, 44 BCE http://

education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-death-of-the-republic-and-birth-of-the-roman-empire.html#lesson

Octavius/Augustus Caesar’s nephew and appointed heir Punishes Caesar's assassins Maintains the image of a Republic, rules absolutely Expands the empire + builds roads Pax Romana (27 BCE – 180 CE)

“Roman Peace” Relative peace and expansion (height of territory) Economic boom

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-early-roman-empire-and-the-reign-of-augustus-caesar.html#lesson

Division of Roman Empire

Empire became too large/unstable Emperor Diocletian divided Empire into four pieces-

tetrarchy in 293 CE, by 324 CE empire would be rejoined

330 CE Emperor Constantine moves capital to “New Rome” aka Constantinople Dynastic rule returns of whole empire

395 CE Emperor Theodosius dies Sons inherit East and West, perm. split

Western & Eastern Empires 395 CE

Fall of Empire Political corruption, barbarian invasions, disease,

natural disasters, ineffective leadership, division of the empire, stagnant economy, civil wars, breakdown of morals have all been proposed as contributing factors

476 CE a Germanic soldier Odoacer overthrows last emperor of Western Roman Empire and declares himself king

Eastern half of the Empire will continue on as the Byzantine Empire until 1453 CE when the Ottomans capture Constantinople

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-fall-of-rome.html#lesson

Timeline Directions The following events are NOT in order Place them in the correct chronological order

(oldest date to most recent date) labeled with the YEAR http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/romans.html HINT: use “CTRL + F” to search the website Change “BC” to “BCE”, “AD” to “CE” no

letters? It’s CE Then, please write at least one complete sentence

that explains the significance of that event Do this on a separate sheet of paper neatly!

Timeline Approximate date of Trojan War

c. 1200 BCE Founding of Rome End of Roman

Kingdom/Beginning of the Roman Republic

Ottomans capture Constantinople 1453 CE

Caesar elected Consul of Rome First aqueduct built Carthage destroyed Coliseum built Division of Empire into East/West

Caesar crossed the Rubicon Julian calendar created Battle of Actium Caesar assassinated Octavius declares himself

emperor Holy Roman Empire

established Jerusalem destroyed Vandals sack Rome Fall of Western Roman Empire Christianity proclaimed official

religion of the Empire

Peer Grading of Timlines

Please write graded by: (your name) on the back of your peer’s paper neatly

You should only make small “x”s on the dates and events that are incorrect. NO other comments, marks, or drawings of any sort!

19 points for events being in order (1 point per event) and 19 points for correct dates (1 point per correct date) and two points for having their name and block (1 point for each)

We will give them a score out of 40 points You will receive a separate grade from Mr. Pentzak for

your sentences on the significance of the event.

Timeline Answers 1. Trojan War c. 1200 BCE 2. Founding of Rome 753 BCE 3. Rome Republic 509 BCE 4. 1st Aqueduct 312 BCE 5. Carthage destroyed 146 BCE 6. Caesar elected consul 59 BCE 7. Caesar crosses Rubicon 49

BCE 8. Julian Calendar 45 BCE 9. Caesar assassinated 44 BCE 10. Battle of Actium 31 BCE

11. Octavian declares himself emperor 27 BCE

12. Jerusalem destroyed 70 CE 13. Coliseum built 79 CE 14. Christianity becomes official

religion of the empire 380 CE 15. Division of Empire 395 CE* 16. Vandals sack Rome 455 CE 17. Fall of Western Empire 476 CE 18. Holy Roman Empire est. 800 CE 19. Ottomans capture

Constantinople 1453 CE

Greek vs. Roman Gods

Roman religion result of indigenous Latin beliefs and Greek influences

Same Greek gods, new names

Lares were personal household spirits or deities that were worshiped by specific families, throwback to the Etruscans (?)

Romance Languages

Latin was spoken throughout the Roman Empire

After the collapse of the Empire, places become more localized and new dialects formed

Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian (main ones)

All are related to Vulgar Latin and developed between 500-

800CEEnglish NOT a Romance

Language, although England was occupied by the Romans

Latin French Spanish Italian EnglishLunae Lundi lunes lunedì MondayMartis Mardi martes martedì TuesdayMercurii

Mercredi miércoles

mercoledì

Wednesday

Jovis Jeudi jueves giovedì ThursdayVeneris Vendredi viernes venerdì FridaySaturni Samedi sábado sabato Saturday Solis Dimanch

edomingo

domenica

Sunday