ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Directional Terms and Body Cavities

Surface Anatomy

Anatomical Position standing feet together with toes up hands at sides palms facing

forward When laying down

face down = prone face up = supine

Left and Right are from subjects perspective

Anatomical Planes

Anatomical Planes are: a description of self-

space space immediately

surrounding body that is available for movement

Anatomy Directional Terms Rt and Lf are from

specimen perspective Anterior

the front, before Ventral

belly side equivalent to anterior

when referring to humans

Posterior (dorsal) the back, behind

Superior (cranial) above, toward top

Inferior (caudal) below, toward feet

More Anatomy Directional Terms Medial

toward midsagittal plane Lateral

away from midsagittal plane Proximal

toward attached body part the elbow is proximal to the

hand Distal

away from attached body part the fingers are distal to the

shoulder Superficial

close to the body surface Deep

farther from body surface

Even More Anatomy Directional Terms

Visceral

Parietal

Medullary

Cortical

Why do we need to know about self- space?

Defines the terms of movement directional joint movement muscle movement

Using formal terms allows us to use fewer words when trying to describe movement teaching (educational) medicine (x-ray fims, therapy) research (biomechanics)

Anatomical Planes Frontal Plane aka: coronal plane vertical plane from head

to feet divides body into front

and back halves Sagittal Plane

vertical plane from head to feet divides body into left and

right halves Transverse Plane

horizontal plane divides body into top and

bottom halves

Anatomical Movement Terms

adduction (toward)

abduction (away from)

flexion (bend)

extension (lengthen)

More Anatomical Movement Terms

rotation twisting

medial and lateral

Suppination rotate so palm

faces up or forward

Pronation rotate to palm faces

down or backwards

Anterior Body Landmarks

Posterior Body Landmarks

Body Systems Integumentary

System skin, hair, nails protects from disease storage for fatty tissue produces vitamin D sensory input body temperature

Body Systems

Endocrine System glands regulates growth,

metabolism, and reproduction

Body Systems

Skeletal System bones, cartilage,

ligaments, joints protection,

movement, blood production, storage

Body Systems

Muscular System movement, heat,

circulation, communication

Body Systems

Nervous System sensory reception

and response homeostasis life functions

Body Systems

Cardiovascular System respiration waste removal nutrient distribution

Body Systems

Lymphatic System to collect and return

interstitial fluid including plasma protein to the blood

Defense to absorb lipids

Body Systems Digestive System

nutrition waste

Body Systems

Respitory System Gas exchange

O2 in ☞ CO2 out communication

Body Systems

Urinary System filters waste

products from blood

regulation of blood pH, ions, and volume (RBC’s)

produce and secrete certain hormones

Body Systems Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Offspring production ☞