Anatomy First Year

7/26/2019 Anatomy First Year

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Anatomy



• Anatomy is part of biological sciencethat deals with structure. The termembraces the form and relationshipof parts of the living organism.

• The study of anatomy can beapproached by systems and regions.













• Anatomic position- A person stands erectwith the superior members hanging atthe sides and the palms of the hands

facing forward.• Sagittal- a vertical plane which lie in the

anteroposterior direction. There is onemiddle or midsagittal plane which dividesthe body into right and left halves.

• Frontal also called coronal- a verticalplane which passes from side to side, in a

lateromedial or mediolateral direction.



• Transverse- a horizontal plane whichdetermines the directions of crosssections of the body.

• Directions are indicated by the .terms!

• Anterior or ventral- the front of thebody

• "osterior or dorsal- the bac# of thebody

• $ateral- the side of the body or away



• %edial- toward the midsagittal plane

• &'ternal and (nternal

• Super)cial- near the outside of the body

• Deep- internally located

• Superior-near cranium

• (nferior-near caudal

• $ongitudinal-means in the direction of thelong a'is

• Transverse-means across this a'is



• "ronation-hand palm down on top of a table

• Supination-bac# down

• Adduction-drawing toward the a'is of the

body• Abduction-pulling away from the a'is of the

body

• Fle'ion-bending,movement at a *oint thattend to appro'imate ad*acent parts

• &'tention-movement that tend to separatead*acent parts



• "ro'imal and distal-used to indicatedistance of structure from asite usedfor reference



• "rimary divisions of the body!

• +ead-include cranium and face

•

ec#• Trun#-include thora', abdomen, and

pelvis

•

%embers-Superior-includeshoulder,arm,forearm, hand

• -(nferior-includehip,thigh,leg,and foot



• (ntroduction to the S#eleton

• The term s#eleton includes all partsof the framewor# whether internal ore'ternal.

• ones are divided into classes

• /.$ong bones

• 0.Short bones

• .Flat bones1irregular boneswhich include vertebrae and bones ofthe s#ull



• The following table shows the number ofbones!

• A'ial s#eleton-2ertebral column-03

• S#ull-04

• 5ibs and sternum-06

• Appendicular s#eleton-Superoior limbs-37

• (nferior limbs-30

• Total- 089



• A'ial S#eleton

• The vertebral column-consists ofseries of bones called vertebrae.

There are vertebrae. :f these 07are movable vertebrae. Thesucceeding ; vertebrae fuse to form

the sacrum and the last 7 becomerudimentary to form the coccy'.



• The )rst 6 vertebrae located in thenec# are called cervical vertebrae,the succeeding /0 in the thora' are

thoracic vertebrae and the remaining; the lumbar vertebrae.



• The Abdominal 5egions

• The abdomen is divided into 4 regions

• -&pigastric

• -5ight hypochondriac

• -$eft hypochondriac

• -<mbilical

• -5ight lumbar

• -$eft lumbar

• -+ypogastric

• -5ight inguinal

• -$eft inguinal





• The Thora'

• This is the part of the trun#delineated by the ribs and sternum.

• The ribs,sternum, and thoracicvertebrae form its s#eleton #nown asthoracic cage. (t consists of !

Sternum, /0 pairs of ribs, /0 thoracicvertebrae and the shoulderbones1clavicle and scapula=



• The following vertical lines have beendesignated on the thoracic wall!

• %idsternal line-divides the anterior thoracicregion into right and left halves

• $ateral Sternal lines-coincide with the laterallimits of the sternum

• %idclavicular lines-descends from the midpointsof the clavicle

• Anterior a'illary, %ida'illary, and "osteriora'illary descends from the a'illa as indicated bytheir respective names



• The "elvis

• This is the shortest division of the Trun#.

• This includes a s#eletalcomponent1the hip bones,sacrumand coccy'=,a super)cial area 1called

the perineum=,and a cavity1 the truepelvis=





































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Anatomy First Year