Amm 13 Developing t&A

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SMART Merchandiser

UNIT VII



DEVELOPING T&A



MERCHANDISING

To make available the

Right quantity of

Right quality

merchandise to the customer on

TIME



Different working scenarios

Many Customers

± Many Styles Many Designs

Limited Customers

± Many Styles

Limited Designs

MERCHANDISING





MERCHANDISER IS A ONE

POINT C

ONTACT F

OR TH

E CUSTOMER



MERCHANDISING

Merchandiser Responsible for

± Samples

± Costing ± Materials

± Production

± Delivery

ALL THESE TASKS MUST BE PERFOMED

IN A PRE-DETERMINED TIME FRAME



THE TOTAL PRODUCTION PROCESS

INVOLVES MANY DEP ARTMENTS

ITS TE AM MANAGEMENT

ITS TIME MANAGEMENT

MERCHANDISING



BUYER VENDOR

MERCHANT

TECH

PACK &STYLE

P O

SAMPLING

I E

SAM &

SAMPLE

VENDOR

MERCHANTBUYER

CONSUMER

VENDOR

MERCHANT

SAMPLING

SOURCING

FABRIC

MILL

FABRIC

SWATCH

BULK

FABRIC

LAB TESTS,

REPORTS &

APPROVALS

BULK

FABRIC

APPROVAL

BULK

FABRIC IN-

HOUSE

FABRIC

INSPECTION

CUT PLAN &

CUTTING

BU NDLING &

NUMBERING

EMBROIDER Y

& PRINTING SEWING

CHECKING &

TRIMMING

FINISHING

& IRONING

TAGGING &

PACKINGFINAL

INSPECTIONDOCUMENTS

DELIVER Y

TO

FORWARDER

STORE

WAREHOUSE

CONSUMER

PROCESS FLOW IN APPAREL INDUSTR YDESIGNER

COTTON

SPINNING

WEAVING

PROCESSING

FINISHING



Month Event Start Date End Date Job owner Task

Jan ± Feb Fabricshows

10th

January28

th

FebruaryFabricdesigner or

designer

Visit fabric trade shows in Europe, AsiaAnd North America look for fabric

trends, designs, colors, constructions

and qualities. Collect new fabric

developments. Place order for

sample yardages.

Jan ±

June Women¶swear

shows

5th

January

30th June Designer Visit women¶s wear international trade

shows particularly those held in Paris,Milan, London, NewYork, and Hong

Kong for inspiration. Identify emerging

fashion trends and styles.

June ±

Sept

Work at

studio

30th

June

30th

September

Designer /

Technician

Develop alternate themes / stories.

Prepare sketches, color schemes.

Develop lines or collections. Discuss

and select items for each line. Finalizenumber of lines. Select fabrics and

colors for each item and line. Select

Trims and accessories

Oct ± Nov

Work at

studio

1st

October

20th

November

Designer /

Technician

Finalize styles and details. Select

sketches, fabric combos, trims and

accessories, measurements, and

construction details. Prepare tech-pack and release to buyer.

Designer¶s Calendar



December Work at

buyer¶s

office

1st

December

15th

December

Buyer Buyer sends the tech-packs to selected vendors for

product development. As the buyer sources from

selected vendors, he considers them reliable andconsistent in their performance in the past seasons.

December

- January

Work at

vendor¶s

company

20th

December

15th

January

Vendor Selected vendors receive the tech-pack with

instructions. Usually 10 days time is given to make

the samples. A final date is set when the line

samples have to be ready and dispatched.

Merchandiser arranges for fabrics and trims.Sample department readies patterns and makes

samples. It takes 10 ± 15 days depending

availability. Outer limit for sample exit to the buyer

will be 15th January.

January Work at

buyer¶s

office

20th

January

31st

January

Buyer Buyer receives samples from all suppliers or

vendors by 20th January. He makes a line review

with all complete samples in actual fabrics andtrims. He then organizes a review with his middle

management. Date about 25th January. The next

presentation will be to all his store managers.

Feedback from them is important in deciding

which items will remain and which to be knocked

out of the line. Date about 30th January. Finally,

line is reviewed by top management and approved.

Date about 5th February. The line is ready for the

Autumn / Winter.




February Buyer¶s

office

10th

February

20th

February

Buyer Buyer prepares the purchase orders based on the

vendors whose samples are selected. Based on

his buying plan, he may also give some styles /

quantities to those vendors whose samples werenot selected. He needs to maintain a good

relationship with all his vendors.




(DEC 16 -

22)

(DEC 23 - 29) (Dec 31 -

JAN 6)

(JAN 7 - 13) (JAN 14 - 20) (JAN 21 - 27)

10-Dec 20-Dec 13-Jan Jan-20 25-Jan

1. Buyer

sends tech-

packs

1. Proto

sample

making

starts

1. Proto sample

making

1. Proto

sample

making

1.Proto sample

making

2.Proto sample

exit

1. Buyer

receives proto

samples

1. Line review 1

3.Product

Costing

(JAN 28-

FEB 03)

(FEB 04 -

10)

(FEB 11 - 17)

1

(FEB 18

± 24 ) 2

(FEB 25 - MAR

3) 3

(MAR 4 - 10)

4

(MAR 11 - 17) 5

30-Jan 5-Feb 15-Feb 20-Feb 2-Mar 5-Mar 17-Mar

1. Line

review 2

1. Line

review 3

1. Buyer releases

purchase order

2. Buyer sendcomments on

proto sample

(First fit sample)

1. 2nd Fit

Sample

exists

1. 2nd Fit

approved

2. Fabric & trimsapproved

Raw material

ordered

Raw material

production

3.Raw material

sourcing starts

4. Vendor

receives PO and

comments

Merchandiser's Calendar f or Fall '08







Merchandiser is responsible for all activities.

Of all departments

Concerning theP

urchaseO

rder Merchandiser to make action plan for PO

Identify tasks by each department

Assign time for each task

if needed for each sub-task

Merchandiser to assign dates

MERCHANDISING & TIME

MANAGEMENT





Merchandising Process



Sample Process



Sourcing Process



Material Quality Process



Production Process



Gantt Chart in Merchandising

Identify Key Tasks

Identify milestones ± the key task and time

Assign key tasks to the team ± withinmerchandising, sample, sourcing,

production departments

Identify key task owner



Define Milestones





Prepare Gantt Chart

Prepare the Gantt Chart by department

± The Key task

± TaskO

wner ± Start Date

± End Date

± Duration



GANTT CHART



Gantt Chart



PERT Chart

Key Task Predecessor Optimistic

(a)

Normal

(b)

Pessimistic

(c )

Expected Time

Te=(O+4M+P)/6



Start

F

C

GE

D

B

A

Finish



Creating a PERT Diagram

Determine the Early Start & Finish of each activity by:

± Start at the beginning move towards the end

± ES & EF for the start activity is always 0 since they are

milestones

± Use the EF of the predecessor activity as the ES of

the current activity

± EF of an activity is computed by adding its ES with its

duration ± For activities with 2 or more predecessor activities,

use the predecessor with the higher EF as the ES of

the current activity



Start

D:0

ES:0

EF:0

LS:0

LF:0

F

D:4.5

ES:10.33

EF:14.83

LS:15.01

LF:19.51

CD:5.17

ES:4

EF:9.17

LS:4

LF:9.17

G

D:5.17

ES:14.34

EF:19.51

LS:14.34

LF:19.51

E

D:5.17

ES:9.17

EF:14.34

LS:9.17

LF:14.34

D

D:6.33

ES:4

EF:10.33

LS:8.68

LF:15.01

BD:5.33

ES:0

EF:5.33

LS:3.84

LF:9.17

A

D:4

ES:0

EF:4

LS:0

LF:4

Finish

D:0

ES:19.51

EF:19.51

LS:19.51

LF:19.51



Creating a PERT Diagram

Compute for the critical path by adding the duration's of

various paths for all activities

D

etermine if any activities have slack by subtracting theactivity¶s LF & EF



Critical Path

Critical Path: A-C-E-G

Path A-D-F = 14.83 work days

Path A-C-E-G = 19.51 work days Path B-E-G = 15.67 work days





TIME IS COST Cost of material is physical cost

Cost of time is intrinsic cost or invisible cost Time available for sourcing to production is 90 days.Delay in inspection consumed 2 more days. Plannedshipment on 3rd of May, now delayed to 5th May

Vessel movements ± feeder from Chennai toColombo thrice weekly-Monday/Wednesday/Saturday

Custom clearance and cargo movement need 2 daysprior to sailing. Vessel sailing on 8th Saturday

Vessel movements ± mother vessel from Colombothrice a month ± 1st / 10th / 20th

Planned for 10th vessel. New sailing date 20th

Sailing time from Colombo to NY 24 days



Buyer Plan ± in store on 5th

JuneFeeder

Vessel

Mother

Vessel

Sailing

Time

Total

Transit

Time

3rd May 10th May 24 days 32 days

Revised Schedule due to delay ± in store 19th June

5th May 20th May 24 days 40 days

A TWO DAY DELAY CAUSED LOSS OF SALE

OF TWO WEEKS OF A TOTAL OF FIVE WEEKS

TIME IS COST

Documents

Amm 13 Developing t&A