AMERICAN RED CROSS

CPR

SECTION II

Conscious Choking Victim

• A breathing emergency is life threatening and occurs when a victim is having trouble breathing or cannot breathe.

• If a victim is conscious and cannot cough, speak or breathe, suspect that the victim has an object blocking the airway.

Signals of a Breathing Emergency• Breathing is unusually

shallow or deep• Breathing is unusually

slow or rapid• Victim is gasping for

breath• Victim is wheezing,

gurgling or making high pitched noises

• Victim’s skin is unusually moist, pale, flushed, or ashen

• Victim feels short of breath

• Victim feels lightheaded

• Victim feels pain or discomfort in the chest

• Tingling in hands or feet

Conscious Choking Adult

Conscious Choking Adult

• If coughing, encourage to continue to cough• If not coughing or breathing:

– Stand behind the person– Place arm across the chest to support the victim– Have victim bend over– Deliver 5 back blows over the shoulder blades– Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts in the middle of the

abdomen just above the navel.

Conscious Choking Adult

Breathing devices

• Serve as a barrier between the responder and the victim.

• Are easy to use.• Do not delay care while searching for a

breathing barrier or learning how to use one.

• If available, barriers should be used instead of direct mouth to mouth contact

Breathing Barriers

• Other materials may be used.– Plastic bag– Trash bag– Sandwich bag– Plastic wrap

Rescue BreathingChild / Infant

• Injury or illness can sometimes cause a person to stop breathing

• Rescue breathing is the process of breathing air into a non-breathing person

• Rescue breathing is done at a rate of 1 breath every 3 seconds

• Check for a pulse every two minute, about 40 breaths.

Rescue Breathing

Rescue Breathing

• It is natural to feel uncomfortable about making mouth-to-mouth contact with a stranger, even though the risk of disease transmission is low.

• You may have to do mouth to nose

• You may have to do mouth to stoma

• You may have to do a jaw thrust

Recognizing a Heart Attack

• About 1 million people per year suffer heart attack• About 500,000 people per year die from heart

attack, most within the first 2 hours• Many lives are lost because people deny that they

are having a heart attack and delay calling 911• Recognizing the signs of heart attack and calling

911 before cardiac arrest are critical elements in saving lives

Recognizing a Heart Attack

Signals of a Heart Attack• Persistent chest pain or discomfort lasting more

than 5 minutes or does not go away• Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm• Discomfort pain or pressure that spreads to the

shoulder, arm, neck or jaw• Dizziness or unconsciousness• Trouble breathing• Nausea• Skin appearance pale or ashen• Sweating CARE FAST

Cardiac Chain of Survival

• The video segment shows the Cardiac Chain of Survival for a victim of cardiac arrest.

• The video will also show the use of an AED• An AED analyzes the heart’s rhythm and if

necessary, advises and delivers a shock• Us of the AED is not taught in this course,

but is shown to show its role

Cardiac Chain of Survival

• Early recognition and early access

• Early CPR

• Early defibrillation

• Early advanced life support

ADULT CPR

• A person is in cardiac arrest if he or she is unconscious, not breathing and shows no signs of circulation

• A rescuer can help circulate blood containing oxygen by compressing the victim’s chest and giving rescue breaths

• This is called cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

ADULT CPR

• A cycle of CPR is 30 COMPRESSIONS – TWO BREATHS

• Do CPR until you are – The scene becomes unsafe– Too exhausted to go on, – Relieved by equal or higher trained personnel– An AED is available

• Recheck the pulse when you see obvious signs of life

Preventing Cardiovascular Disease

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death for adults in the US.

• Most are older adults, although becoming common in adults under 45.

• Heart disease can be prevented

Preventing Cardiovascular Disease• Exercise

– Three times a week, 20-30 minutes

• Blood Pressure– Uncontrolled BP is dangerous to heart and

other organs

• Weight– Obesity is defined as 20% more than your

desirable weight.

• Diet– Diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol

increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

EXAMINATION