- 1.KURSUS BLS Disediakan Oleh : Miharil Ruminggun Hospital
Pitas. CHOKING ( TERSEKAT SALURAN PERNAFASAN)
2. SALURANPERNAFASAN SALURANMAKANAN Bahan yang masuk melalui
mulut tersekat pada saluran pernafasan, dan seterusnya menyekat
pernafasan mangsa akan menyebabkan tercekik PROSES TERCEKIK
PERTOLONGAN CEMAS 3. CLASSIFICATION OF OBSTRUCTION
- In Mild FBAO, the victim can
4. TANDA TANDATERCEKIK Sukar untuk bernafas Susah atau tidak
boleh bercakap Batuk Muka dan leher menjadi merah Mangsa
mengeluarkan bunyi aneh atau menjadi senyap PERTOLONGAN CEMAS 5.
2.SEVERE
- unable to speak, breathe, or cough and may clutch the neck with
the thumb and fingers. Movement of air is absent.
6. Tersekat saluran pernafasan(choking) : -Dewasa -Kanak-kanak
berumur 1 tahun ke atas. 7. Dewasa sedar
- Tanya / pastikan mangsa boleh bercakap atau Batuk.
8. Mangsa tidak boleh bercakap
- BERDIRIDI BELAKANG / SISI MANGSA
- TUNDUKKAN MANGSA SEDIKIT KE HADAPAN
- BERIKAN 5 PUKULAN DI BELAKANG MANGSA (DIANTARA KEDUA TULANG
SKAPULA)
9.
- To give back blows, position yourself slightly behind the
child.
- Provide support by placing one arm diagonally across the chest
and bend the child forward at the waist until the upper airway is
at least parallel to the ground.
- Firmly strike the child between the shoulder blades with the
heel of your other hand.
10.
- 2: GIVE 5 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS
- Place a fist with the thumb side against the middle of the
persons abdomen, just above the navel.
- Cover your fist with your other hand.
- Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts.
- Continue sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until
the:
- Person can cough forcefully or breathe.
- Person becomes unconscious.
- 4: WHAT TO DO NEXT IF PERSON BECOMES UNCONSCIOUSCALL 9-1-1, if
not already done.
- Carefully lower the person to the ground and give CARE for an
unconscious choking adult, beginning with looking for an
object.
11. Lean the victim forward and give 5 back blows with the heel
of your hand Position yourself slightly behind the victim Provide
support by placing one arm diagonally across the chest and lean the
victim forward Firmly strike the victim between the shoulder blades
with the heel of your hand Each blow is a distinct attempt to
dislodge the object 12. Beri 5 abdominal thrusts
- Dewasa-berdiri dibelakang mangsa
- Kanak-kanak-berdiri/berlutut dibelakang mangsa
Give 5 abdominal thrusts Adult: stand behind the victim Child:
stand or kneel behind the victim; use less force on a child Use on
hand to find the navel Make a fist with your other hand and place
the thumb side of your fist against the middle of the victims
abdomen, just about the navel Grab the fist with your other hand
13. Abdominal thrust 14. KAEDAH ABDOMINAL THRUST Berdiri di
belakang mangsa Genggam tangan kanan atau kiri anda Tempatkan
ditengah-tengah abdomen (2 inci di atas pusat) Kunci kedua-dua
tangan Tarik genggaman tangan anda KE DALAM DAN KE ATAS Lakukan
sehingga benda asing tersebut keluar 15. 16.
- These include: Coughing, either forcefully or weakly
- Clutching the throat with one or both hands
- An inability to cough, speak, cry or breathe
- Making high-pitched noises while inhaling, or noisy
breathing
17. Kaedah chest thrust mangsa mengandung danobese
- Berdiri dibelakang mangsa
- Genggam tangan kiri atau kanan anda
- Tempatkan ditengah-tengah dada berhampiran tulang sternum
mangsa
- Tarik genggaman tangan anda
- Lakukan sehingga benda asing tersebut keluar
18. unconscious
- GIVE A RESCUE BREATH Retilt the head and give another rescue
breath.
- 2: GIVE 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS If the chest still does not rise,
give 30 chest compressions.
19.
- LOOK FOR AND REMOVE OBJECT IF SEEN
- : GIVE 2 RESCUE BREATHS 5: WHAT TO DO NEXT IF BREATHS DO NOT
MAKE THE CHEST RISERepeat steps 2 through 4.
- IF CHEST CLEARLY RISESCHECK for breathing. Give CARE based on
the conditions found.
- Do not stop except in one of these situations: The object is
removed and the chest clearly rises with rescue breaths.
- The person starts to breathe on his or her own.
- Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over.
- You are too exhausted to continue.
- The scene becomes unsafe.
20.
- Locate the correct hand position for chest compressions. Use
the same technique that is used for CPR. Give chest compressions.
Compress an adults chest 30 times to a depth of at least 2
inches.
- Compress at a rate of at least 100 chest compressions per
minute; the 30 chest compressions should take about 18 seconds to
complete.
21. 22. Kanak2 unc
- Give 2 rescue breaths. Tilt the head back, pinch the nose shut
and seal your mouth over the child's mouth.
- If the chest does not clearly rise, repeat cycles of chest
compressions, foreign object check/removal and 2 rescue
breaths.
- If a conscious choking child becomes unconscious, carefully
lower the child to the ground, open the mouth and look for an
object.
- If an object is seen, remove it with your finger.
- Open the persons airway by tilting the head and try to give 2
rescue breaths.
- If the chest does not clearly rise, begin the modified CPR
technique used for an unconscious choking child.
23.
- Initial assessment steps:
- CAB begin CPR cycles with compressions, followed by airway and
breathing.
- Guideline applies to adults, children, and infants.
24. If No Breathing
- Step 1:Attempt to breathe into
- -if the chest doesnt rise,
- Step 2-REPOSITION and RE-
- -if still no air going in,
25. If No Breathing
- Step 3:BEGIN CHEST COMPRESSION
- -Give 30 chest Compression s then 2 breaths
- The only difference here from normal CPR is theyou must check
for the obstruction at the back of the throatas you open
airwayafter every30 compressionsand beforegiving 2 rescue
breaths.
- Step 4 :If the obstruction is visible, REMOVE itwitha finger
sweep
26. Infant choking 27. Check the Scene - make sure it is safe
for you to help the choking victim. Don't become another victim
yourself. Check the Victim - If the parent is there, identify
yourself and ask if you can help. If the infant cannot cough, cry,
or breathe, then they need help. Call for Help - Tell someone to
call 9-1-1. If you are alone with an infant, skip this step until
later - it's more important to fix the choking.
- Carefully hold the infant face down on your forearm, your hand
supporting its head and neck
- Strike the infant directly between the shoulder blades with the
heel of your other hand 5 times
- Turn the infant over and position two fingers in the center of
the chest
- Give 5 1/2 to 1 inch deep chest thrusts
- until the object is forced out, the infant starts breathing, or
the infant becomes unconscious.
28. f the infant cannot cough, cry or breathe, carefully
position the infant face-down along your forearm Support the
infant's head and neck with your hand Lower the infant onto your
thigh, keeping the infant's head lower than his or her chest.
29.
- Position the infant face-up along your forearm Position the
infant between both of your forearms, supporting the infant's head
and neck
- Lower the infant onto your thight with the infant's head lower
than his/her chest
Give 5 back blows Use the heel of your hand Give back blows
between the infant's shoulder blades Each back blow should be a
distinct attempt to dislodge the object 30.
- Give 5 chest thrusts Put 2-3 fingers on the center of the chest
just below the nipple line
- Compress the chest 5 times about 1/2- 1 inch
Continue giving 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts
until...
- The victim begins to breathe or cough forcefully on his/her
own
- The victim becomes unconscious
31.
32. KAEDAH BACK BLOW &
- Pegang bayi dengan stabil dan kukuh
- Berikan 5 tepukkan ditengah-tengah tulang belikat (shoulder
blade)
- Pusing bayi, periksa mulutnya sekiranya benda asing tersebut
dapat dikeluarkan, jika tidak:
PERTOLONGAN CEMAS 33. 34.
- To give back blows: Position the infant face-down on your
forearm, holding the infant's jaw with your thumb and fingers.
- Lower your arm onto your thigh so that the infants head is
lower than his or her chest.
- Then give 5 firm back blows with the heel of your hand between
the shoulder blades.
- Each back blow should be a separate and distinct attempt to
dislodge the object.
35. 5 back blow
36. 37. KAEDAHCHEST THRUST
- Tempatkan 2 jari anda ditengah-tengah dada bayi
- Kedudukan jari telunjuk hendaklah sebaris dengan puting
susu
- Berikan 5 tekanan dada ( - 1 inci)
PERTOLONGAN CEMAS 38. Actions for Relieve of FBAO for
unconscious infant 39. Unc inf
- Give 2 rescue breaths. -Tilt the head to a neutral position and
seal your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose. If the breaths do
not make the chest clearly rise, repeat cycles of chest
compressions, foreign object check/removal and rescue breaths.
40.
- Locate the correct hand and finger position for chest
compressions. Use the pads of two or three fingers of your other
hand to give chest compressions on the center of the chest, just
below the nipple line (toward the infants feet). If you feel the
notch at the end of the infants sternum, move your fingers slightly
toward the infants head.
- Give 30 chest compressions at a rate of at least 100 chest
compressions per minute. Each compression should be about 1 inches
deep.
41.
- f the infant cannot cough, cry or breathe, carefully position
the infant face-down along your forearm Support the infant's head
and neck with your hand
- Lower the infant onto your thigh, keeping the infant's head
lower than his or her chest.
- Give 5 back blows Use the heel of your hand
- Give back blows between the infant's shoulder blades
- Each back blow should be a distinct attempt to dislodge the
object
- Position the infant face-up along your forearm Position the
infant between both of your forearms, supporting the infant's head
and neck
- Lower the infant onto your thight with the infant's head lower
than his/her chest
- Give 5 chest thrusts Put 2-3 fingers on the center of the chest
just below the nipple line
- Compress the chest 5 times about 1/2- 1 inch
Continue giving 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts
until...
- The victim begins to breathe or cough forcefully on his/her
own
- The victim becomes unconscious
42. Unconscious Choking
- If rescue breaths do not make the chest clearly rise,
reposition the airway by retilting the infant's head and try 2
rescue breaths again
- If rescue breaths still do not make the chest clearly rise,
remove the resuscitation mask and give 5 chest thrusts Keep 1 hand
on the infant's forehead to maintain an open airway
- Put 2-3 fingers on the center of the chest just below the
nipple line
- Compress the chest about 1/2 to 1 inch
- Each chest thrust should be a distinct attempt to dislodge the
object
- Compress at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute
- Look for an object Grasp the tongue and lower jaw between your
thumb and fingers and lift the jaw
- If you see the object, take it out Remove it with your little
finger by sliding it along the inside of the cheek, using a hooking
motion to sweep the object out.
- Replace the resuscitation mask and give 2 rescue breaths
Continue 2 rescue breaths and 5 chest thursts until...
- Object is removed and the victim begins breathing
- Victim loses pulse, begin CPR
43. 44. 45. 46. Unconscious Choking
- if rescue breaths do not make the chest clearly rise,
reposition the airway by tiliting the head farther back and try 2
rescue breaths again
47.
- If resc ue breaths still DO NOT make the chest clearly rise,
give 5 chest thrusts Place the heel of one hand on the center of
the chest
- Place the other hand on top of the first hand and compress the
chest 5 times
- Adult: compress the chest about 1 1/2 to 2 inches
- Child: compress the chest about 1 to 1 1/2 inches
- Each chest thrust should be a distinct attempt to dislodge the
object
- Compress at a rate of about 100 compressions per minute
- Look inside the victim's mouth Grasp the tongue and lower jaw
between your thumb and fingers and lift the jaw
48.
- f you see the object, take it out Adult: remove the object with
your index finger by sliding the finger along the inside of the
cheek, using a hooking motion to sweep the object out
- Child: remove the object with your little finger by sliding
along the inside of the cheek, using a hooking motion to sweep the
object out
49. 50. Replace the resuscitation mask and give 2 rescue breaths
Continue 2 rescue breaths and 5 chest thursts until...
- Object is removed and the victim begins breathing
- Victim loses pulse, begin CPR
51. Relief of Foreign Body Obstruction If the foreign body
obstruction ismild, do not interfere.Allow thevictim to clear
airway by coughingwhile you observe for signs ofsevere foreign body
obstruction. If the foreign body obstruction issevere you must act
to relieve theobstruction. For adults and children,
performabdominal thrusts until the objectis expelled or the victim
becomesunresponsive. For infant, deliver repeated cyclesof 5 back
blows followed by 5chest compressions until theobject is expelled
or the victimbecomes unresponsive. 52. Foreign Body Airway
Obstruction (Choking)Greater than 90% of childhooddeaths from
foreign bodyaspiration occur in children under5 years old. Foreign
body obstruction can beeither mild or severe. When it is mild, the
adult and childrencan cough and make some sounds. When it is
severe, the adult or childcannot cough or make any sound 53. Relief
of Foreign Body Obstruction (Unresponsive) If the victim becomes
unresponsive: Start CPR with chest compressions do not perform a
pulse check. After 30 chest compressions openthe airway. If you see
a foreign body, remove itbut do not perform blind fingersweeps
because they may push theobjects further into the pharynx. Attempt
to give 2 breaths andcontinue with cycles of chestcompressions and
ventilationsuntil the object is expelled. Lookfor the object after
each round ofcompressions and sweep if seen. After 2 minutes, if no
one hasdone so, activate the emergency response system 54. 55.
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