Ámbito comunicación.Inglés

8/3/2019 mbito comunicacin.Ingls

1/105

CEPA E. Tierno Galvn INGLS Mdulo IV- ESPAD

1

Mdulo IV ESPADmbito de la

Comunicacin.

INGLS.


2/105


2

Bloque 10. Tema 1: Future plans

NDICE

1. Welcome Back!!!

2. Futuro

2.1. Futuro con WILL

2.2. Futuro con Going to, futuro de intencin

2.3. Presente Simple con idea de futuro

2.4. Presente Continuo con idea de futuro

3. Pronombres interrogativos

4. Autoevaluaciones

5. Tareas


3/105


3

1. Welcome Back!!!

Ahora vas a leer una conversacin entre Karen Smith y su amiga espaola Marta.

Lee con atencin el texto e identifica las formas de futuro que vers en l y queencontrars explicadas a continuacin. Hay varias formas, aunque todas estn

resaltadas en negrita.

Karen: Hi Marta!

Marta: Hi Karen! Whats up?

Karen: Its very hot today and Im

thirsty. Shall we havea beer?

Marta: A beer? No, thanks. I dont likebeer, but I will havea coke.

Karen: Well, Marta, what are your plans

for next year?

Marta: I am going to studyat university.

Karen: Here in Toledo?

Marta: I dont know. I will stayhere in Toledoor I will goto Madrid.

Karen: Oh, and whatare you going to study?Marta: I am going to studyMedicine.

Karen: Is there a Medicine school in Toledo?

Marta: There will be onesoon. What about you, Karen?

Karen: Me? Oh, I will I will bea mother next year. Marta:

Really? Youre joking!!

Karen: No, Im not. I am pregnant and I am going to havea baby in 6

months.

Marta: Wow! Congratulations! Thats very good news.

Karen: Thank you!

Marta: Are you going to work?

Karen: Of course! I am going to bea teacher back in the USA. I will

teachSpanish or Spanish Literature, Im not sure.

Marta: Thats very interesting!

Karen: Well, and what are your plans for next weekend?


4/105


4

Marta: Im goingto a concert on Friday. Look! I have the tickets here.

Karen: Im visitinga friend in Salamancaand Im goingby train. Marta:

What timedoes it leavefrom Toledo?

Karen: It leavesat 5 in the afternoon.

Marta: Ok, I will goto the station with you, mommy!

Karen: You are a very good friend, Marta (laughing)

Marta: And you will bean excellent mother! (laughing too)

Vocabulario

Whats up? Qu tal?

Congratulations Enhorabuena

What about you? Y t, qu?

Verygood news Muy buenas noticias

Yourejoking! Ests de broma!

The trainleaves El tren sale

I ampregnant Estoy embarazada

Laughing Riendo

2. Futuro

1. Futuro simple o futuro con WILL

Afirmativa: Sujeto + will + verbo + resto de la oracin

Will con todos los sujetos (I / you / he / she / it / we / they) + infinitivo sin to

Will se puede contraer con el sujeto: ll I will -> Ill / You will -> Youll

I will (I'll) clean the car this afternoon

You will (you'll) go to the bank tomorrow

They will (they'll) be here in a couple of minutes

The boys will forget to do their homework. Please remind them!

Negativa: Sujeto + will not (wont) + verbo + resto de la oracin

Will not puede contraerse en wont


5/105


5

I will not (won't) watch that film on TV

They will not (won't) give Sheila a present

I wont be at home next week

Sandra wont pass her exams

Interrogativa:

Yes / no questions: Will + sujeto + verbo + resto de la oracin?

Will they work here next year? Yes, they will /No, they wont

Will she go to London next summer? Yes, she will / No, she wont

Will Bessie stay in a hotel? Yes, she willWill Peter go shopping ? Yes, he will

Will they have something to drink?

Short answers: Yes, pronombre will: Yes, I / you / he/ she / it / we / they willNo, pronombre wont: No, I / he / she / it / we / they won't

Preguntas con who o what como sujeto de la oracin

Wh-word + will + verb + rest of sentence?

Who will be the main actor?

John will walk the dog -> Who will walk the dog?

Lesley will buy the flowers -> Who will buy the flowers?

The children will visit their grandparents -> Who will visit their grandparents?

The alarm clock will wake us -> What will wake us?

The bus will be late -> What will be late?

That car will crash -> What will crash?

Preguntas con el interrogativo en funcin de complemento de la oracin

wh-word + will + subject + verb + rest of sentence?

What will we have for dinner?


6/105


6

Who will they meet at the party?

They will ride round London on a double-decker bus-> Where will they ride on a

double-decker bus?

They will watch the changing of the guard outside Buckingham Palace-> What willthey watch outside Buckingham Palace?

They will go to the West End on Tuesday -> When will they go to the West End?

Steve will see Pat at the cinema -> Who will Steve see at the cinema?

USOS DEL FUTURO CON WILL

Decisiones de futuro sin planificar, decididas que se toman en el momento de

hablar

The bell is ringing. I'll go and open the door

What would you like to drink? Ill have a cup of coffee

Did you phone Mary? No, I forgot. Ill phone her now

Predicciones sobre el futuro sin evidencia en el presente:

Mark will win the race

Chris will pass the exam easily

This time next year, Ill be in Japan

Shell be twenty next Friday

Promesas:

I will bring you some chocolate

Thanks for the money. Ill give it back to you on Monday

Amenazas:

You will be sorry!

You'll be punished

Ofrecimientos:

That bag looks heavy. I'll help you to carry it.


7/105


7

Dont worry. Ill do the washing up

Peticiones:

Will you lend me 100 ? No, I won'tWill you help me with my homework?

Acuerdo:

Can I have my book back? Of course. Ill bring it back this afternoon

Con determinadas expresiones:

Ill probably be late this evening

I havent seen Carol today. I expectshell phone this evening

Dont worry about the exam. Im sure youll pass

Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her?

I wonder what will happen

EJERCICIOS

Ex. 1.- Derek is 18 years old now. What will he be like in 10 years from now? Howwill his life be different then? Complete what Derek says using will/won't.

Example: IhopeI'll havea job in 10 years' time.

1 I hope / have a job in 10 years time.

2 Perhaps I / have a good job.

3 I probably | not | be very rich.

4 I / not | look the same as I do now.

5 I think I / be married.

6 I / probably | have children.

Ex. 2.- Complete the sentences using I'llor I won'tand the verbs:go answer not go put on not have lend wait

Example: I'm tired, I think I'll goto bed early tonight.

1 'I haven't got any money.' 'Haven't you? Oh,________ you some if you like.'


8/105


8

2 'The telephone is ringing.' 'Oh,_______ it.'

3 I'm a bit cold. I think _______ a sweater.

4 'Would you like something to eat?' 'I ___________anything at the moment, thank

you. I'm not very hungry.'5 'I'm going out for a walk.' 'It's raining.' 'Oh, is it? Well, _______out now, then,

_______until it's stopped.'

Ex. 3.- Peter wants to see Sally. He is talking to her on the telephone. Completethe conversation using will/won'tand one of these verbs: be (x5); end; meet; see;finish (x2);

Peter: Willyo u beat home this evening, Sally?

Sally: Well, I 'm working late. I don't expect I ________until after 9.00, so

I _______home until quite late.

Peter: Oh, I see. Wha t about tomorrow? _______ (you) free f or lunch?

Sally: No, I'm afraid I__________ in a meeting at lunchtime.

Peter: What time do you think_________ (the meeting)?

Sally: I'm not sure, but it probably__________ before 2.00. Listen, Peter.

Why don't we meet for a coffee after work tomorrow evening?

Peter: What time___________________(you) finished tomorrow?

Sally: I ________free by 6.00.

Peter: All right. I ____________ you at your office at 6.00, then.

Sally: Right. I ______________ you then.

2.- Futuro con Going to, futuro de intencin

Presente continuo de "go" seguido de TO + INFINITIVO

Afirmativa

I am going to examine him first

The ambulance is going to be here soon

You are going to open the door

Dr Newton is going to get into his car

Mr. Lester is going to answer the phone


9/105


9

We are going to have lunch

They are going to change trains in Reading

Interrogativa:

Are you going to smoke a cigarette?

Is it going to rain?

Is Arthur going to bring anything to the scene of the accident?

Who is going to drive Mrs. Newton home?

What is going to happen? He is going to fall into the hole

What are you going to do this evening?

Who are you going to invite?

Where are they going to live?

What is she going to wear at the party?

When is your father going to leave on holiday?

How are you going to get in contact with Malcolm?

Short answers: las mismas del presente continuo

Negativa:

Dr Newton is not going to take Bruce out of the car

I'm not going to work

They are not going to phone the police

USOS DEL FUTURO CON GOING TO

Decidido de antemano

I have bought some bricks and I'm going to build a garage.

Tom has borrowed the axe. He's going to chop some wood

Why are you taking down all the pictures? I'm going to repaper the room.


10/105


10

Condiciones actuales nos llevan a pensar que algo va a ocurrir: prediccin

I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick

Our team is in the lead. They are going to win

The sky is very dark, it is going to rain. Those people are going to get wetHurry up! Its getting late. You are going to miss the bus

IAM DOING // I AM GOING TO DO

Cuando hablamos de lo que tenemos intencin de hacer, podemos usar tantopresente continuo, como la forma going to

What time are you meeting Ann this evening? = What time are you going to meetAnn this evening?

Im leaving tomorrow//Im going to leave tomorrow Ive got the plane ticket

Why are you sitting in the armchair? Im watching a film on TV //Im going towatch

The windows are dirty. Yes, I know. Im going to clean them later //Im cleaning themlater)

I dont like this neighbourhood. Tomorrow Im going to look for a new flat. //Imlookingfor

No podemos usar presente continuo para hacer predicciones sobre el futuro:

Our team are going to win (NO our team are winning)It is going to rain. (It is raining)Those people are going to get wet (Those people are getting wet)You are going to miss the bus (youre missing the bus)

EJERCICIOS

Ex. 4.- What is going to happen in the pictures?

Example: She's going to answer the phone.


11/105


11

1

Ex. 5.- Completa usando going toy los verbos entre parntesis.

Example: 'I've made up my mind I'm going to change(change) my job.''What are you goingto do (you | do)?' 'I'm not sure yet.'

1 'What_____________________ (you | wear) at the party on Saturday?' 'I haven't

decided yet. What about you? _________________(you | wear) your new black dress?'

2 'Why have you bought all that wallpaper? What ______________________(you

do)?' 'I ___________________________ (decorate) the living room.'

3 He's decided that he ___________________________ (not | leave) school this

summer. He _________________________ (stay) on for another year.

4 'I _____________________ (buy) a new motorbike.' 'How __________________

(you | pay) for it? You haven't got enough money.' 'I ___________________ (ask)

my bank to lend me the money.'

Ex. 6.- Completa usando will o going to y los verbos entre parntesis.

Example: 'What can I do this evening? I know! I'll go (go) and see Sue.'

1 Someone told me that you're moving from London.'

'That's right. I . (live) in Manchester.'

2 Would you like to come to my house this evening?'

'Yes, all right. I .. (come) at 9 o'clock.'

3 I don't feel very well. I think I ... (faint).

4 'It's Simon's birthday soon. I've decided to buy him the new Blues Brothers record.'

'Oh, he doesn't like the Blues Brothers any more.' 'Oh, really? Well, I

(get) him something to wear.'


12/105


12

5 Oh, no! Look at those cars! They .... (crash)!

6 'I could lend you some money if you like.' 'Could you? I . .. (pay) you

back on Friday.'

7.- Completa usando present continuous ogoing to. A veces ambas estructurasson posibles.Ejemplos: I (see) Sarah this afternoon. I'm seeing Sarah this afternoon. / I'm

going to see Sarah this afternoon.

Hurry up! We (miss) our bus. Hurry up! We're going to miss our bus.

1 It (snow) later tonight. ->

2 She (meet) them tomorrow morning.

3 What (you | do) this afternoon?

4 Be careful! You (break) that glass. ->5 He (not | come) next Saturday.

6 Look out! You (hurt) yourself with that knife. ->

3. Presente Simple con idea de futuro

Eventos sometidos a un horario o un programa preestablecidos

Theres a train to London every hour. The next one leaves at 15.40

We take a bus in Liverpool at 6.30, change at Oxford at 9.30 and arrive in London at

11 o'clock.

I've got a new job. I start next Monday

We have an exam in two hours

I go into the army on the first of the next month

We meet again at Christmas, as usual

8.- Completa usando el presente simple de los verbos entre parntesis.

Example: Our boat leaves(leave) Dover at 2.00 on Friday and arrives(arrive) inCalais at 6.00.

1 The conference start) on June 3rd, and (finish) on June 10th.

2We've got plenty of time. Our plane .. (not take off) until 9 o'clock

3Tonight's concert (begin) at 8.00 and it (not | end) until 11.00

4When (the next train leave) for Bristol


13/105


13

9.- Elige la mejor respuesta:

a) 'Do you have any plans for your birthday?' 'Yes,.. 2.. a party.'

1) I'll have 2) I'm having

b) 'I need some help with the shopping tomorrow.' 'Don't worry,'1) I'll help. 2) I'm helping.

c) What . when you grow up and leave school?

1) will you do 2) are you going to do

d) 'Do you want to come to a football match on Saturday?' 'Which teams..?'

1) are playing 2) are going to play

e) Don't carry all those heavy books. Some of the children you.

1) will help 2) are going to helpf) The doctor is on his way. He .. in fifteen minutes.

1) will be here 2) is being

g) Good news. Ann . a baby.

1) will have 2) is going to have

h) I'm sorry I can't come to the lesson tomorrow. my grandmother in

hospital.

1) I'll visit 2) I'm visiting

10.- Completa con the continuous form de los verbos entre parntesis.

a) Next summer Kate (spend) is spending a month in France.

b) Hurry up, Mehmet. Everyone (wait) for you.

c) (you do)..anything on Friday? Do you want to come to a party?

d) Helen (read). in bed at the moment.

e) We (go). to the cinema this evening.

f) I can't answer the phone. I (have).. a bath.g) What (you do). later? Do you want to come for a walk?

h) David (leave).tomorrow. Have you said goodbye to him?

11.- Corrige los errores en cada frase

a) We'll go to the cinema this evening. Do you want to come?-> We are going to the

cinema this evening. Do you want to come?

c) Bye for now! I'm going to see you tomorrow. ->


14/105


14

d) Sorry I can't meet you. I will go to the doctor's.->

e) Have you heard the weather forecast? It's raining tomorrow.->

f) I've bought my ticket. I'll leave tomorrow.

3. Pronombres interrogativos

Los pronombres interrogativos nos sirven para hacer preguntas ms concretas.Cuando no nos vale que nos respondan con un s o un no, cuando queremosdatos concretos, debemos utilizar los pronombres interrogativos para centrarnuestras preguntas y que nos respondan exactamente lo que queremos saber.

Los pronombres interrogativos ocupan el primer puesto en las preguntas, incluso pordelante del verbo auxiliar. Si tenemos en cuenta que en castellano utilizamos dos

smbolos de interrogacin ? y en ingls slo uno, piensa que los pronombresinterrogativos se ponen en el lugar de la primera interrogac in , como si fueraabriendo la oracin para que sepamos desde el principio que es una pregunta sintener que llegar al ltimo smbolo de interrogacin ?.

A) Pronombres ms utilizados

PRONOMBREINTERROGATIVO

PARA PREGUNTARPOR:

EJEMPLOS

Why?Por qu?

Razones / Causas Why are you happy? Because I amgoing to a concert tonight

Where?Dnde?

LugaresWhere do you live? I liveinCiudad RealWhere is your mobile phone? Itson

the table

When?Cundo? Momentos

When is Megans birthday? Its in

SeptemberWhen were you born? I was born

onMarch 12th

What?Qu? Cosas

What is your name? My name isSteve

Who?Quin? Personas

Who is that woman? Oh, itsEmily


15/105


15

How?Cmo?

ProcesosEstadosCmo hacer las

cosas

How is Susan after the accident? Shes

much betterHow did you come here? I came here

by bus

Which?Qu?Cul?

Eleccin de unacosa entre varias

Which colour do you prefer?RedWhich film do you want to see? I want

to seeGrease

Whose? (indicaposesin)

De quin?

Cosas quepertenecen a

personas

Whose coat is this? ItsSusansWhose glasses are these? They are

mine

How long?Cunto tiempo?Desde hacecunto?

Periodo detiempo

How long have you lived in York?Since

1993.How long have you studied English?For

eight years

How often?Cada cunto? Frecuencia

How often do you go out at night?Every

weekendHow often do you travel to Argentina?

Once a year

How far?A qu distancia? Distancia

How far is Toledo? Its about85 km

away fromMadrid

How much?Cunto /Cunta?

Cosasincontables(lquidos, tiempo,dinero, etc.)

How much milk do you need?Half a

litre, more or lessHow much are these shoes, please?

35.

How many?Cuntos /Cuntas?

Cosas contablesHow many people are coming for

dinner?3 peopleHow many books did you read last year?

More than 20


16/105


16

EJERCICIOS: PREGUNTAS

1.- Completa las preguntas con la forma correcta de BE o DO. Contesta YES oNO.-

Ejemplos: Are you sometimes shy? Yes, I am // Doyou enjoy puzzles? No, I dont1. you sometimes day-dream?

2. . she ambitious?

3. . your room usually tidy?

4. . he like getting up early in the morning?

5. . clothes important to you?

6. . he serious about sports?

7. . money important to you?

8. . you worry when you make mistakes?

9. . they often bored?

10.. she cry during sad films?

11.. you laugh a lot?

12.. they often get angry?

13.. some colours make you feel happy

2.- Escribe preguntas con las palabras entre parntesis

Ejemplo: I watch television. (When) When do you watch it?

1 I read comics. (How often)

2 They play games. (What)

3 Mary goes out at the weekend. (Where)

4

John swims at the pool. (What time)5 I collect things. (What)

6 We write to pen-friends. (How often)

7 He plays football. (Where)

8 I take my sister to school. (What time)

10 Liz goes to a sports club. (When)


17/105


17

11 My children watch cartoons on television. (When)

12 I take my dog for a walk. (When)

13 The boys go to a youth club. (How often)

14 My daughter goes to piano lessons. (What time)

15 I go shopping. (Where)

3.- Completa las preguntas con Where, When, What, How.

Ejemplo: Where do you live?

1. __________ do you get up?

2. __________ do you have for breakfast?

3. __________ do you leave home?4. __________ do you go to school? By bicycle or by bus?

5. __________ do lessons start?

6. __________ do you have lunch? At home or at school?

7. __________ do you like best at school? Games?

8. __________ do you go after school?

9. __________ do you do your homework? Before or after dinner?

10. __________ do you do on Saturday and Sunday?11. __________ do you have holidays?

12. __________ do you wear to school?

13. __________ do you wear for games?

14. __________ do you carry your books to school? In a school bag?

15. __________ do you want for your birthday?

4.- Completa las preguntas usando: what who which whose where when

why how how often how much how many how old how long'Ejemplo:'How oldare you?' 'I'm 20.'1 '__________do you do?' 'I'm a student.'

2 '__________do you live?' 'In London.'

3 '__________have you lived there?' 'For two years.'

4 '__________brothers and sisters have you got?' 'Two brothers and two sisters.'

5 '__________is your favourite pop singer?' 'Michael Jackson.'

6 '__________is your birthday?' 'November the 3rd.'


18/105


18

7 '__________do you play tennis?' 'About once a week.'

8 '__________does it cost to play tennis in Britain?' 'It's not very expensive.'

9 '__________bag is this?' 'I think it's Simon's.'

10

'__________do you usually get to work?' 'By car.'11 '__________of those girls is your sister?' 'She's the one in the black skirt.'

12 '__________are you smiling?' 'Oh, I'm happy

5.- Utiliza estas expresiones con HOW para completar las preguntas

How old ...? / How far ...? How long ...? How tall...?How big ...? How fast...? How often ...? How well ...?

Ejemplo: How oldareyou?' '37 next birthday'

1

'.your house from here?' 'About 5 km.'2 '... John?' 'Very tall - nearly two metres.'

3 '.... she driving?' 'The police say she was doing 160 km/h.'

4 '. see your parents?' 'Every week.'

5 '.. Ann's flat?' 'Very small - just one room and a bathroom.'

6 '.. stay in China?' 'I was there for six months.'

7 '. speak English?' 'Not very well.'

6.- Alguien ha asesinado al actor Henry Farthing. Completa las preguntas de lapolica con : WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW, o HOW MUCH.

Ejemplos WHO shot the actor? WHATdidthe police find out?1. ____________ was the motive?

2. ____________ is the main suspect?

3. ____________ information have the police got?

4. ____________ happened on the night of the murder?

5. ____________ did Farthing go when he left the house?

6. ____________ did he meet?7. ____________ did he meet him at six o'clock?

8. ____________ saw Farthing last?

9. ____________ did the murderer get into Farthing's flat?

10. _ ____________ does Janet Jones, his girlfriend, know?

11. _ ____________ did Farthing phone her that evening?

12. _ __________ is the gun?


19/105


19

4. Autoevaluciones

Autoevaluacin 1

Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y lossabes poner en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas, eligiendoentre tres posibilidades.

1. Will you come to the party with me? Yes, .

a. I am b. you will c.I will

2. She will us tomorrow.

a. to visit b. visit c. visits

3. We going to study English next year.

a. am b. is c. are

4. My train at 10:00 a.m.

a. leaves b. leaving c. will leaves

5. go to the concert tonight? I dont know, Im not sure.

a. Are you going b. Are you going to c. Will you

6. I visit London next summer. I have the tickets.

a. going b. will go c. am going to

7. film do you prefer? Benhur or Titanic?

a. Which b. What c. Who

8. did you find those glasses? In the park.

a. When b. Why c. Where

9.- ________________ are you going to buy these trouser?

a. Who b. Whose c. why

10. girls do you know?

a. How much b. How many c. How often

Autoevaluacin 2

1. Vamos a comprobar que has entendido el texto que aparece en el primerapartado del tema 1 que acabas de ver.Elige la respuesta correcta entre las tresopciones siguientes:

1. Karen will have

a. a coke b. some water c. a beer


20/105


20

2. Marta is going to next year

a. have a baby b. study at university c. work

3. Karen is going to next weekend

a. Salamanca b. Toledo c. Madrid

4. Marta will with her

a. go to the station b. work c. go to the concert

2. Vuelve a leer con atencin el texto del primer apartado del tema 1 y di si lassiguientes afirmaciones son verdaderas (TRUE) o falsas (FALSE)

1. Karen is thirsty

2. Marta likes beer

3. Marta is going to be a teacher4. Karen is pregnant

5. Marta is happy with the news

6. Karen is going to be a doctor in the USA

7. Karen and Marta are going to a concert

8. Marta will go to the train station with Karen

3. Karen ha ido a visitar a una pitonisa para que le prediga su futuro. Escribe loque la pitonisa le ha predicho a Karen sobre su futuro. Usa en tus respuestas laforma no contrada (You will).

Ejemplo: You (live) for many years: Youwill livefor many years

1. You (win) ___________ the lottery

2. You (not go) ___________ back to the USA

3. You (not be) ___________ a teacher

4. You (marry) ___________ a Spanish man

5. You (have) ___________ five children6. You (work) ___________ in a hotel

7. You (be) ___________ very happy

8. You (not live) ___________ in Toledo

4. En este ejercicio tendrs que hacer una pregunta utilizando WILL yresponder con una respuesta corta: Yes + pronombre + will / No + pronombre +wont


21/105


21

Ejemplo: You / be / 25 next year-> Will you be 25 next year? Yes, I will / No, I wont.

1. Marta and Karen (be) friends forever.

2. Marta (be) a good doctor in the future.

3. You (go) on holiday next summer.4. You (have) a baby in the next two years.

5. It (rain) a lot next year.

5. Escribe oraciones utilizando las palabras entre parntesis y futuro con GOING TO. - Ejemplo:(buy a car) -> I am going to buy a car / I am not going tobuy a car

1. (get up before 7.00) [+]

2. (have a big breakfast) [+]3. (listen to the radio in the morning) [-]

4. (have lunch at home) [-]

5. (drive a car) [-]

6. (be with your family) [+]

Escribe tus repuestas afirmativamente si ves [+] o negativamente si ves [-].

6. Mira el siguiente reparto de tareas en una casa. Utiliza Presente Continuo:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

John Cooking cleaning washing-up ironing

Alison washing-up Ironing Cooking Cleaning

Completa las frases:

1. On Monday, Alison and John .

2. On Tuesday, Alison and John .

3. On Wednesday, Alison and John .4. On Thursday, Alison and John .

7. Completa las siguientes preguntas con WHAT / WHICH / WHO.

1. is that girls name?

2. sandwich do you want? Chicken and curry or tuna?

3. is your favourite film?

4. is your favourite actor?


22/105


22

5. is more expensive, fish or meat?

6. is younger, you or your sister?

7. is your mobile number?

8. is your best friend?

8. Escribe preguntas con WHO y WHAT. En estas oraciones, actan de sujeto.

1. Somebody is going to phone you.

2. Something is going to happen.

3. Somebody is reading my books.

4. Something is making noise.

9. Ahora escribe preguntas con WHO y WHAT en las que no acten como objeto.

1. Im meeting somebody.

2. Im doing something tomorrow.

3. Im going to see somebody now.

4. Im going to cook something tonight.

10. Ahora vamos a poner en prctica todos tus conocimientos sobre lospronombres interrogativos. Completa las siguientes oraciones con lospronombres interrogativos que faltan segn sea necesario.

How often / Where / When / How far / Why / How/ What / Whose / How long /Which / Who / How much / How many

1. is this girl in the photograph? My little sister.

2. are you going on holiday next summer? Im going to Denia.

3. will you be in Italy next summer? Ill be there for two weeks.

4. is your favourite ice cream? Chocolate or vanilla?

5. money do you need to buy a dress? I need 60 .

6. do you think about me? I think you are very nice.7. children are you going to have? Im going to have three kids.

8. are you crying? Because Im very sad.

9. glasses are these? They are mine.

10. do you go to the supermarket? Once a week.

11. are you? Fine, thanks

12. is Albacete from Alicante? About 170km.

13. is Helens party?Its next Saturday.


23/105


23

Tareas

Tarea 1

Vamos ahora a practicar el futuro. Comenzaremos con WILL. Para ayudartecon el vocabulario, te puedes apoyar en las siguientes fotografas, con su significadoen ingls debajo.En primer lugar, hars una serie de predicciones para el futuro, ya sea prximo olejano. Qu pasar? T decides.

Be sunny tomorrow Fall in love Snow next winter

A continuacin, te vamos a plantear una serie de actividades y t decidirs site apetece hacerlas o no. No pienses mucho, tan slo practica esta forma defuturo.

Have a coffee tonight Go shopping nextweekend

Visit my best friend

Escribe las oraciones segn tus propias ideas, tanto en afirmativa (I WILL)como en negativa (I WILL NOT) y enva el documento a tu tutor/a para que locorrija. nimo!


24/105


25/105


25

Bloq.10. Tema 2: Job opportunities

NDICE

1. Job offers (anuncios de trabajo)

2. Verbos modales

Caractersticas generales de los verbos modales

CAN (habilidad, permiso informal, posibilidad)MUST (obligacin)

MUSTNT (prohibicin)

MAY (probabilidad, permiso formal)

SHOULD (consejos, recomendaciones)

3. Conectores de tiempo

4. Autoevaluaciones5. Tareas


26/105


26

1. Job offers (anuncios de trabajo)

Necesitas encontrar un trabajo? Ests cansado del que tienes y quieres

encontrar uno mejor? Manos a la obra: el primer sitio para buscar ofertas de

trabajo es el peridico (real o digital). Santiago, que es quien nos va a guiar por

toda esta Unidad, empieza su bsqueda. Lo primero es empezar a ver qu

ofrecen. Vamos a realizar una bsqueda distinta: empezaremos por mirar las

pginas de ofertas de trabajo de los peridicos ingleses. Y lo primero que

Santiago encuentra es este anuncio:

NEEDED: Full time secretary position available.Applicants must have at least 2 years experience and should be able to type60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Applicants should have

perfect written and spoken German. Must be over 20. Must have driving licence.

Apply in person at United Business Ltd., 17 Browning Street, Leeds. Salary:

12000,00 per annum.

Visto as, seguro que entiendes poco. DONT WORRY!!! No lo entiendes primero

porque est en ingls (evidentemente), pero sobre todo porque los anuncios deofertas suelen utilizar una terminologa particular y un estilo propio en el que

existe una evidente intencin de comunicar lo ms posible en el mnimo

espacio (de hecho estos anuncios se contratan por el nmero de palabras). La

caracterstica principal de estos anuncios es que emplean un tipo de lenguaje muy

especial, casi telegrfico, en el que en lugar de las oraciones completas nos

encontramos lo sustancial de ellas:

Needed: Full time secretary = we need a secretary to work full timeMust be over 20 = he/she should be older than 20 (years old)

Antes de seguir, intenta comprender la idea general de este anuncio:

En qu consiste el trabajo? Dnde se ofrece el trabajo? Pone lo que se va a ganar? Cmo se debe contactar con la empresa?

Esta informacin es la que bsicamente vamos a encontrar en los anuncios de


27/105


27

trabajo, aunque no siempre encontramos ni todos estos elementos, ni el

mismo orden (es el anunciante el que decide cules son los datos que

quiere poner y cmo); por eso te ofrecemos ahora distintos modelos de

anuncios para empezar a reconocer estos elementos en cada uno.

1

2

3


28/105


28

Ya hemos dicho que el lenguaje y la forma de expresarse son especiales en estos

anuncios: te vamos a ofrecer una gua de vocabulario de anuncios con la que podrs

seguir recopilando la informacin, y que contiene una serie de trminos

especficos que se van a repetir recurrentemente en toda esta Unidad:

- to need /needed: necesitar / se necesita, se busca.

- part-time / full time: trabajo a tiempo parcial / trabajo a tiempo total

- appointment / in person / phone /e-mail: cita / en persona / llamada telefnica

/ correo electrnico.

- to require / requirements: requerir / requisitos

- to apply / applicant: solicitar / candidato

- position /vacancy: puesto laboral / puesto vacante

- skill: habilidad, competencia

- to contact: ponerse en contacto

Tras ver estos cuatro anuncios Santiago ha decidido llamar al nmero 1; mira con

atencin la informacin del anuncio y deja el siguiente mensaje:

Hello, my name is Santiago Gmez and I am interested in the job offer, Ive

had some experience as a waiter, I can work full time or part time. My contacttelephone number is 44-548- 761.

2.- VERBOS MODALES: CAN, MUST, SHOULD, MAY

Cmo enterarse de las condiciones de los trabajos que ha encontrado? Qu

requisitos piden? sta es ahora la preocupacin de Santiago: ya que sabe interpretar

los datos bsicos de una oferta o anuncio, tiene que enterarse bien de las

condiciones y requisitos. Vamos a rescatar el primer anuncio que vio Santiago

para buscar la manera en que se expresan las condiciones y requisitos:

NEEDED: Full time secretary position available.

Applicants must have at least 2 years experience and should be able to type60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Applicants should haveperfect written and spoken German. Must be over 20. Must have drivinglicence. Apply in person at United Business Ltd., 17 Browning Street, Leeds.

Salary: 12000,00 per annum.


29/105


29

Para hablar de los requisitos que se pide que cumplan los candidatos se han

utilizado dos verbos modales que expresan obligacin y deber:

should se suele interpretar y traducir como una recomendacin (deberas) must aporta un pequeo paso ms adelante en la obligacin,(debes)

Caractersticas comunes de los verbos modales:

Tienen slo algunos tiempos

It may rain

She might come laterCan he swim?

Could you open the window?

Necesitan de otros verbos para el resto de tiempos:

You must go

Ihad towork late yesterday

Ill have togo to Madrid tomorrow

She hateshavingto get up early

Shehas had towork hard all her life

They could come yesterday

They can come today

Will they be able to come tomorrow?

Van seguidos de un infinitivo sin la partcula to:I can swim

We can go home now

You should study

She mustnt smoke

They may come


30/105


30

NOTA: Hay una excepcin a esta regla: ought to, que va seguido de infinitivo con la

partcula to: Ej. we ought to go now (deberamos irnos ya). Pero este verbo no lo

vamos a estudiar de momento.

Todas las personas tienen la misma forma, no aadimos s a la tercera delsingular:

I must go now // she must go now

They can speak English // she can speak French

We may be late // She may be here soon

You should be home early // He should shave more often

Negativa: Modal + not / nt

She can swim -> She cannot swim / She cant swim

We should go -> we shouldnt go

It may rain -> it may not rain

Preguntas: Modal + sujeto?

Can he swim?

Should we go?

No usamos auxiliar DO / DOES: does she can swim o

she doesnt can swim

CAN: Poder / saber

FORMA: Can + infinitivo sin 'to'

AfirmativaI can run very fast

You can play the guitar

Mary can sing well

We can speak English

They can swim


31/105


32/105


32

Dar o negar permiso

Can you come to the party?

You can't leave until the end of the class

Peter can borrow the car tonightThe children can go out if they have finished their homework

Posibilidad o imposibilidad de hacer algo o de que algo ocurra

My seat is too far from the stage. I cant see the actors clearly

The door is not locked. You can open it

Its dark in the house. I cant see anything

MUST: Tener que.

FORMA: must + infinitivo sin 'to'

Afirmativa: Obligacion: tener que, estar obligado a

I must phone home

Arthur must wear a tie in the library

Mary must be early for workYou must be home by 10.00

You must drive carefully

Ive got a terrible pain in my back. I must go and see the doctor

I must stop smoking

Interrogativa

Must you go now?

Must I answer the phone?

Must Bruce pay the bill?

Negativa: (must not -> mustn't ) obligacin de no hacer / prohibicin

You must not (mustn't) open the door

Waiters mustn't smoke at work

She mustn't stay there

You mustn't wear pyjamas in class


33/105


33

You mustn't drive a car without a licence

MAY: Poder, puede que

MayMay notMay I?Yes, you mayNo, you may not

USO:

PERMISO

a) Pedir permiso (formal)May I come in?

May I borrow your car?

May I use your telephone?

b) dar permiso / denegar permiso, prohibir

You may go now

She may come late tonight

They may watch television for a while

He may not go swimming until he does his homework

En este sentido equivale a mustnt

You may not drive on the right in England

You mustnt drive on the right in England

Young people under eighteen may not drink in pubs

Young people under eighteen mustnt drink in pubs

POSIBILIDAD (puede que)

He may come today, he may come tomorrow

Put on your raincoat. It may rain

He may not come today


34/105


34

SHOULD. Deber (recomendacin)

Forma:

ShouldShould not -> shouldnt

Should he?

Yes, he should

No, he shouldnt

Recomendacin, consejo.

You should cross the street carefully

We should visit him tomorrow

You should study a little harder

You should not go out the night before an exam

I should visit my grandmother

You shouldnt eat so quickly.

Pedir parecer o consejo

Its hot in here. Should I open the window?The oven isnt working. Should I call a technician?

MODALS.- EXERCISES

1.- Wrong or right? Give the correct answers

Elephants can fly. Wrong. Elephants cant flyDogs can swim. Right

1. Penguins can swim.

2. Penguins can fly.

3. Horses can swim.

4. Dogs can climb trees.

5. Parrots can fly.

6. Cats can fly.

7. Camels can run.


35/105


35

8. Bears can catch fish.

9. Lions can climb trees.

10. Elephants can catch fish.

11. Spiders can swim.12. Sheep can jump.

2.- Ask permission with Can I...? Then give the probable answer.

You want to>>>go to see a horror film. Ask your father. Can I go to see a horror film ? No, youcan't!

1. invite ten friends to lunch. Ask your mother.

2. go camping in the woods. Ask your mother.

3. have some extra English homework. Ask your teacher.

4. eat sweets in bed. Ask your dentist.

5. cook lunch on Sunday. Ask your mother.

6. go swimming with a bad cold. Ask your doctor.

7. wash the car. Ask your father.

8. have more pocket money. Ask your mother.

9. watch television until midnight. Ask your father.

10. do this exercise again. Ask your teacher

3.- Classroom rules. Put in WE MUSTor WE MUSTN'T. Make true sentences.Example: >> sit still. You must sit still

1. ___________________ jump on the desks.

2. ___________________ fight.

3. ___________________ do what the teacher says

4. ___________________ go to sleep.

5. ___________________ be quiet.

6. ___________________ play football.

7. ___________________ look at the blackboard.

8. ___________________ eat crisps.

9. ___________________ draw on the desks.

10. ___________________ listen to the teacher.

11. ___________________ give answers.


36/105


36

12. ___________________ read comics.

13. ___________________ make a lot of noise.

14. ___________________ look at the teacher.

15. ___________________ jump out of the windows.16. ___________________ listen to music.

17. ___________________ write letters to friends.

4.- Put in MUST or MUSTN'T.

1. It's a secret. You.. tell anybody

2. Shhh. Dad's asleep. We..be quiet.

3. Nick, you ..spend all your pocket money at once.

4. We ..write to Grandmother. It's her birthday tomorrow.5. I ..forget my homework again. The teacher gets angry.

6. You..eat so much. You are too fat.

7. You really..tidy your room, Nick. I can't open the door!

8. Chip (the dog), you ..tear the postman's trousers.

9. It's very late. I ..go home now.

10. Nick, you ..say 'Shut up' to adults.

11. Trig, you ..learn some new English words every day.12. You're dirty. You ..have a shower!

5.- Say what Trig should or shouldn't do.

>He gets up late. He shouldn't get up late.>He doesn't study English every day. He should study English every day.

1. He goes to bed late.

2. He doesn't practice writing every day.

3. He wastes time.

4. He eats all day.

5. He behaves badly.

6. He doesn't study grammar every day.

7. He squirts people with his water pistol.

8. He swings on the lamp.

9. He never uses his dictionary.

10. He pulls up the flowers.


37/105


38/105


38

LATER: Ms tarde Oracin (S+V+C) Later, I had breakfast

NEXT: Seguidamente Oracin (S+V+C) Next, I invited her

THEN: Luego, despus Oracin (S+V+C) Then, I said I love you

WHILE: Mientras Pres. continuoPasado continuo

While youre having lunchWhile you were sleeping

WHEN: Cuando Presente simplePasado simple

When you find the answerWhen you phoned me

FINALLY: Finalmente Oracin (S+V+C) Finally, I said goodbye

J!!! Ten mucho cuidado con la expresin espaola DESPUS, porque en

ingls se puede decir de dos formas distintas. Mira estos ejemplos:

Yesterday I went to work and THEN I went home. Ayer fui a trabajar y despusme fui a casa.

Como has visto, si slo quieres decir despus, tienes que utilizar THEN seguido

de una oracin (es decir S+V+C: sujeto, verbo y complementos)

Yesterday we watched a film on TV AFTER dinner. Ayer vimos una pelcula en latele despus de la cena.

Por el contrario, si quieres decir despus de tienes que utilizar AFTER + el

sustantivo directamente, sin ms preposiciones. AFTER significa despus de,

igual que BEFORE significa Antesde.

Despus de y antes de se utilizan muchas veces seguidos de un gerundio:

Before having lunch, you must wash your hands. Antes de comer, debes lavartelas manos.

After having lunch, you must wash your teeth. Despus de comer, debes lavartelos dientes.


39/105


39

4. Autoevaluaciones

Autoevaluacin 1

Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y lossabes poner en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas,eligiendo entre tres posibilidades.

1. Can I watch TV? Yes, .

a. you cant b. you do c. you can

2. She go to the cinema tomorrow. Shes not sure.

a. will b. must c. may3. We study a lot this year or we will fail.

a. must b. can c. mustnt

4. I am very hungry. I eat something.

a. should b. can c. may

5. You smoke at home. The baby is sleeping.

a. must b. should c. mustnt

6. She go to work today. Shes very ill.a. must b. shouldnt c. mustnt

7. ____________, I am going to tell you my name. Then, my phone number.

a. First of all b. Second c. Finally

8. She is getting married in August. __ she will go on holiday.

a. Then b. After c. First

9. What are you going to do dinner?

a. after b. then c. next10. After a long day, I ____________ got home.

a. then b. finally c. before


40/105


40

Autoevaluacin 2

Di si es verdadera o falsa la siguiente informacin sobre los tres anuncios quehas visto al principio del tema 2.

1. En el anuncio n 1 la forma de contacto es por telfono. V / F

2. En el anuncio n 2 estn buscando trabajadores para una oficina. V / F

3. En el n 3 s pone lo que se va a ganar. V / F

4. En el n 1 no pone el lugar del trabajo. V / F

2. Completa las frases con MUST y uno de los verbos de la tabla.

Meet read buy phone go help

1. We to the bank today. We havent got any money.2. Shes a very interesting candidate. You her.3. I didnt phone Tim yesterday. I him today4. This is an excellent book. You it5. I have a very big problem. You me6. We some food. We havent got anything for dinner.

3. Completa las frases con MUSTNT y uno de los verbos de la tabla.

Be tell smoke use

1. This secret is very important. You anyone.

2. This is a public building. You here

3. This interview is very important. You late.

4. You my car.

4. Completa las frases con SHOULD y uno de los verbos de la tabla.

Be go Read visit look Wear

1. When you speak to the manager, you at him.2. She looks tired. She to bed.3. Everybody on time for the meeting.4. The cafeteria is very nice. We it.5. When you are driving, you a seat-belt.6. Its a very good book. He it.


41/105


41

5. Usa los modales must y should en la forma apropiada segn los dibujos.

1. You stay outside. a. should b. must

2. You .not light a fire. a. should b. must

3. You not use your camera. a. should b. must

4. This is a danger sign. You be careful.

a. should b. must

6. Completa las siguientes oraciones con CAN o CANT

1. Simon come today. Hes very ill.2. I think Helena is great. She type, speak English and German.3. Tom is a guitarist. He play de guitar.4. You drive! You dont have a driving licence!5. Sheila go to the party. She doesnt have permission6. you help me? I open the window. Its broken.

7. Escribe las siguientes oraciones utilizando MAY. Recuerda que perhapssignifica quiz, tal vez y por tanto tambin indica probabilidad. Te damosun ejemplo para que veas cmo funciona.

Ejemplo: Perhaps I will go to the cinema I may go to the cinema

1. Perhaps I will see Tom tomorrow.

2. Perhaps I will get the job. 3. Perhaps Monica will have a baby.

4. Perhaps Andrew will buy a car.

Ahora haz las siguientes oraciones en negativa utilizando MAY NOT:

1. Perhaps they will not come ->2. Perhaps she will not get the job->3. Perhaps we will not go out tonight ->


42/105


42

8. Vamos a utilizar los conectores de tiempo en una narracin sencilla.A continuacin tienes una serie de pequeos textos formados por varias oraciones.Para cada uno de ellos tienes que elegir el conector correcto de una pequea lista quete damos al principio del texto y colocarlo en su lugar correspondiente.

THIRD FINALLY SECOND FIRST OF ALLIm going to tell you your obligations in this job. you must be on timeevery day. you have to answer the phone. you haveto be polite. you have to wear a uniform.

Then First While After

Yesterday I had a very important job interview. I got up very early in

the morning. _______I had a big breakfast. breakfast, I had ashower. I was having the shower, the telephone rang.

Next Before When First

I will tell you a secret. I tell you my secret, you must promise youwont tell anyone. Yesterday, I had a job interview. , I went to theoffice. I met the manager, I was very nervous. I wascalm and I may get the job!

9. Si Promosouth (que es la empresa que ofrece el trabajo) quisiese poner unanuncio en prensa cul sera el anuncio en prensa de esta oferta de trabajo?:

a) Commercial Administrator needed; experience required. English nationality.

b) Commercial department needs Spanish young professional, for office in

Mlaga; no foreign language skills required.

c) Young professionals needed. For office in Spain. Spoken and written Spanish and

English required. No experience necessary.


43/105


43

6. Tareas

Tarea 1

Te acuerdas de Santiago, el chico con el que empezamos esta unidad? Haconseguido una entrevista para el trabajo que est buscando y mira algunas delas cosas que tiene previstas en su agenda para maana. En este texto faltan losverbos modales, que tendrs que aadir segn el sentido que tenga la oracin.No te preocupes, te damos a elegir entre tres alternativas.

1. Santiago (must / can / may) get up at 7.30 in the morning.

2. He (must / should / mustnt) have a shower.

3. He (must / can / may) have a cup of coffee and toasts

for breakfast.

4. At 8.30, he (must /mustnt / should) leave home and take the bus

because he (mustnt /shouldnt /cant) drive a car.

5. He (may / can / must) be at the company at 9:00.

6. He (can / should /mustnt) be late.

7. He (shouldnt / may / must) go to university.

8. He will meet his friends for lunch at 14.00. They (should / may / must)

___ go to a caf or buy a sandwich at the supermarket.9. He (may / can / must) go to English lessons from 16.00 to

19.30. He (may / can / must) speak a little English, but he needs to

speak English very well to get the job.

10. At 20.00 he (can / mustnt / should) buy food at the

supermarket.

11. At 20.30 he will get home and have dinner. Then, he (must / should / may)

watch TV.12. He (may / must / should) go to bed early.


44/105


44

Tarea 2

Mira lo que Santiago tiene previsto en su agenda para maana. Completa lanarracin eligiendo el conector de tiempo correcto.

Santiago must get up at 7.30 in the morning.

WHEN / THEN he should have a shower and get dressed.

He may have a cup of coffee and some toasts for breakfast.

WHILE / AFTER he is having breakfast, he will listen to the radio.

AFTER / BEFORE breakfast, he must leave home and take thebus to the city centre.

He must be at the company at 9:00.

FIRST / AFTER , he will have some tests. THEN / THIRD, he will have an interview

WHILE / WHEN he finishes his interview, he must go touniversity.

NEXT / BEFORE , he will meet his friends for lunch.

They may go to a caf or buy a sandwich at the supermarket.

THEN / AFTER they have lunch, Santiago must go to his Englishlessons. He needs to speak English to get the job.

BEFORE / NEXT he goes home, he should buy some food atthe supermarket near his apartment.

AFTER / FINALLY , he will have dinner, watch a film on TV and goto bed.

Revisa tus apuntes de conectores y completa el texto. Si necesitas volver a repasar loscontenidos, tmate el tiempo que necesites. Cuando lo tengas preparado, enva lo a tututor para que lo corrija


45/105


45

Bloque 11. Tema 1: The media

NDICE

1. La prensa britnica

2. Tiempos verbales usados en las noticias:Pasado Simple, Pasado Continuo

y Pretrito Pluscuamperfecto

3. Estructura de una narracin de hechos

4. Radio y Podcasts para aprender ingls

5. Internet

6. Autoevaluaciones7.Tareas


46/105


47/105


47

The Suno Daily Mirror, considerado como sensacionalista, en el ms pequeo.

Con el paso del tiempo y dado que las hojas grandes son ms difciles de manejar

que las pequeas, las publicaciones empezaron a adoptar todas el formato pequeoTabloid, por ser mucho mas cmodo. Desde entonces se prefiere usar el trmino

Compact compacto, para el pequeo (usado ya casi por todos) y a los peridicos

sensacionalistas se les conoce como red-top, porque es rojo el color que, por lo

general, usan para sus titulares (Headlines).

Ahora vamos a ver un ejemplo de esta diferencia entre la prensa sensacionalista y la

prensa seria; son dos artculos que tratan la misma cuestin y queremos que te fijes

en los titulares.


48/105


48

2. PASADO SIMPLE (RESUMEN)

ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIN

Afirmativa: sujeto + verbo en pasado + complementos

I/He/She was here last summer

We/You/They were in the same class at school

I watched TV last night

Pete played football last weekend

They went to London two years ago

Negativa:

BE: sujeto + wasnt / werent + complementos

I/he/she was not here last summer o wasnt

We/You/They were not at school yesterday o werent

RESTO DE VERBOS: sujeto + did + not + verbo en forma base +complementos

I did not watch TV last night o I didnt

Pete didnt play football last weekend o Tom didnt


49/105


49

They did not go to London two years ago o They didnt

Interrogativa:

BE: Was / were + sujeto + complementosWas I/he/she herelast summer?Were we/you/they here last summer?

RESTO DE VERBOS: did + sujeto + verbo en forma base + complementos

Did you watch TV last night?

Did Pete play football last weekend?

Did they go to London two years ago?

USOS:

Acciones que ocurrieron en pasado.

Acciones cortas: The bomb exploded at 8:00am

Acciones largas:I lived in Manchester for 5 years

EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO:Las expresiones de tiempo se colocan al final de la oracin, en el lugar de loscomplementos.

Ejemplos:

yesterday, lastnight, lastweekend, lastMonday, lastmonth, lastyear; one dayago,two weeksago, five minutesago, half an hourago; In1997, in the 19th century, in thepast; from 9 to 12, from Monday to Friday, from April to October; for two years, forthree weeks, forten minutes

PASADO CONTINUO (RESUMEN)

Estructura: Verbo to be en pasado (was / were) + verbo principal ening

Afirmativa:sujeto + was/were + verbo-ing + complementos

I was reading a book at 10:30PM

He was driving his car at 8:00am

They were playing football yesterday morning

Negativa: sujeto + was/were + not + verbo-ing + complementos

She was not reading a book at 10:30PM o She wasnt

He was driving his car at 8:00am o He wasnt

They were not playing football yesterday o They werent


50/105


50

Interrogativa: was/were + sujeto + verbo-ing + complementos

Was she reading a book at 10:30PM?

Was he driving his car at 8:00am?

Were they playing football yesterday morning?

USOS

Acciones simultneas a un momento pasado concreto

You were having dinner at 9:00PM last night

It was raining this morning

Acciones que son interrumpidas por otra

Mary was reading when the phone rang

Acciones que ocurren de forma simultnea

I was reading while you were watching TV

Expresiones de tiempo

Las expresiones de tiempo se colocan al final de la oracin, en el lugar de loscomplementos. Siempre se dan momentos concretos.Ejemplos:

I was having a showerat 10:30PM

Albert was drivingat 8:00am this morning

They were playing basketballat 12:00 last Sunday morning

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (PRETERITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO)

1.- Forma: subjeto + had + past participle

Had para todas las personas

Had not para todas las personas en negativa

had puede contraerse en -> dhad not puede contaerse en -> hadnt

I had worked -> Id workedShe had come -> Shed comeThey had gone -> Theyd gone

The play had not started-> The play hadnt startedHe had not got up-> He hadnt got up

We had not washed up-> We hadnt washed up


51/105


51

Had your friends arrived? Yes, they had / No, they hadntHad you met Mary? Yes, I had / No, I hadntHad they seen the film before? Yes, they had / No, they hadnt

Had the match started when you arrived? Yes, it had / No, it hadnt

Who had phoned the police? Bob (had)What had happened? There had been an accidentWho had told you? Nobody

Who had you seen? MaryWhere had you seen her? At the cinemaWhat had she told you? My brother was comingWhen had you had breakfast? Before we went out

USOS:

Pasado anterior a pasado: Cuando hablamos de una accin en pasado y nosreferimos a un pasado anterior

When I telephoned Sue, (pasado) she had gone out (pasado anterior)

We arrived at the cinema at 8.00, (pasado) but the film had started at 7.30 (pasado

anterior)

When I spoke to the woman (pasado) I realized I had met her somewhere before

(pasado anterior)

When the police arrived, the thieves had left

When I opened the safe, the money had disappeared

EJERCICIOS pasado continuo o simple

1.- Pon los verbos entre parntesis en el tiempo que corresponda: pasado simpleo continuo

JENNY I . (dream) I.. (see) a tornado last night. I

remember everything. You. (play) with the dog, Mum.

(cook), Dad. (work) in the garden, and I. (look) forthe

cat, when the wind . (begin) to blow.

NICK . and you . (see) the tornado.


52/105


52

JENNY Yes. It . (come) straight towards me when I .

(run) into the house. I . (close) the window just when the tornado

. (hit).

NICK And?

JENNY Well, I remember that the wind . (blow) and the house

. (spin) when I. (hear) a terrible noise.

NICK What . (be) it?

JENNY It . (be) me. I . (fell) out of bed and

. (wake) up.

2.- I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday hut she (not/see) me. She. .

(look) the other way.

3.- I .. meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago.

They.. (go) to Berlin and I . . (go) to Madrid.

We.. (have) a chat while we . . (wait) for our

flights.

4.- I.. (cycle) home yesterday, when suddenly a man .

. (step) out into the road in front of me. I . . (go) quite fast but

luckily I . . (manage) to stop in time and . . (not /

hit) him

5.- Pon los verbos en la forma correcta, pasado continuo o simple.

1. Jane ...was waiting... (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).

.


53/105


53

2. 'What . . (you/do) this time yesterday?' 'I was asleep.'

3. '.. (you/go) out last night?' 'No, I was too tired.'

4. 'Was Carol at the party last night?' 'Yes, she. . (wear) a really

nice dress.'

5. How fast. . (you/drive) when the accident(happen)?

6. John. . (take) a photograph of me while I . .

(not/look).

7. We were in a very difficult position. We. . (not/know) what to do.

8. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last. . (see) him, he

.. (try) to find a job in London.

9. I . . (walk) along the street when suddenly I . .

(hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody.. (follow) me. I was

frightened and I.. (start) to run.

10.When I was young, I.. (want) to be a bus driver.

EJERCICIOS PAST PERFECT / PRETRITO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO

1.- Pon los verbos en pasado perfecto.

> I couldn't get in because I had forgottenmy keys. (forget) +> Ann wasn't at home. Where hadshe gone(go) ?> The telephone wasn't working because we hadnt paidthe bill (pay) -

1 The woman told me that she .... in China a few years before.

(work) +

2 Everything in the garden was brown because it ...(rain) -

3The bathroom was full of water. What ....? (happen) ?

4 I knew I .. .. that man somewhere before. (see) +

5 We were surprised to see Mark, because we.. .. his letter. (get) -

6 After three days the dogs came back home. Where ....? (be)

7 They gave me some money back because I . .. too much. (pay) +

8 There was nothing in the fridge. Peter . .. the shopping. (do)


54/105


54

2.- Rodea la respuesta adecuada

Ididnt recognize /l hadn't recognized Helen, because shecut / had cuther hairvery short.

1 No one understood / had understoodhow the cat got / had gotinto the car.2 Joe didn't play/ hadn't playedin the game on Saturday because he hurt / hadhurthis arm.3 When Ilooked / had lookedin all my pockets for my keys, Istarted/ had startedto get very worried.4 Liz never travelled / had never travelledby train before she went / had gonetoEurope.5 I arrived / had arrivedat the shop at 5.30, but it already closed / had alreadyclosed.61 didn't have/ hadn't hadmuch money after I paid / had paidall my bills lastweek.

3.- Pon los verbos en past simple or past perfect.Billdidnt tellanybody how hehad gotinto the house. (not tell; get)Emmawentto France last week. Before that, she had never beenoutside Ireland. (go;be)

1 When their mother.. home, the children.. .. all the

sweets. (get; eat)

2Yesterday I ............ a man who.. .. at school with my grandmother.

(meet; be)

3 It .. .. to rain, and I .. .. that I..

.. my window. (start; remember; not close)

4 I .. a letter on my desk that I .. Never .. (find; open)

5 I .. .. Bob I couldn't go to the theatre, but he..

already.. the tickets, (tell; buy)


55/105


55

Cundo utilizar cada uno de ellos

A la hora de combinar los tres tiempos verbales en una narracin de hechos,

conviene que sepamos para qu se utiliza cada uno de ellos.

El Pasado Simple se utiliza para la accin o los hechos concretos, ya sea

una accin aislada o una sucesin de ellas.

El Pasado Continuo se utiliza para describir la situacin.

El Pretrito Pluscuamperfecto (Past Perfect) nos remonta a acciones

anteriores a otras del pasado.Mira los siguientes ejemplos. Como vers, en ambos describimos la situacin conel Pasado Continuo y la accin con el Pasado Simple:

Ej.1: I was reading when I heard the shooting

Ej. 2: She was driving when she had the accident

En el ejemplo 1, yo estaba leyendo (descripcin de la situacin) cuando o el disparo(accin concreta) y me interrumpi.

En el ejemplo 2, una persona que estaba conduciendo (descripcin de la situacin)tuvo un accidente (accin concreta).

RECUERDA QUE

Cuando tengas que combinar ambos tiempos verbales tienes que seguir este

esquema:

WHEN + PASADO SIMPLE

WHILE + PASADO CONTINUO


56/105


56

3. Estructura de una narracin de hechos

Ahora vamos a aprender a escribir narraciones de hechos, para lo que utilizaremos

los tres tiempos verbales que hemos visto en esta unidad. Este estilo se utiliza

mucho a la hora de escribir noticias, que no son sino sucesiones de hechos. Lee con

cuidado las instrucciones y despus estudia el ejemplo de la narracin de un rescate

en una estacin de esqu.

Cuando narramos una sucesin de hechos, queremos ser fieles a lo que pas y

hacer que la persona que lea nuestra redaccin lo entienda como si lo hubiera visto.

Antes de empezar a escribir, haz un esquema de los hechos que quieres reflejar yordnalos tal y como ocurrieron en el tiempo.

Escribe un ttulo para tu redaccin.Es muy importante organizar estas ideas en prrafos de dos o tres lneas.

Recuerda:

oEn la introduccin presenta la situacin: qu pas, por qu estabas all, etc.

oHaz un prrafo para describir la situacin: usa el Pasado Continuo.

oEn otro prrafo describe las acciones que se sucedieron: stas irn en Pasado

Simple y si hubiera alguna accin anterior a ellas, en Pretrito Pluscuamperfecto

(recuerda: es el pasado del pasado).

oFinalmente haz un pequeo prrafo para la conclusin y acabar la redaccin.

Es muy importante utilizar conectores de tiempo para que el orden en el queocurrieron los hechos quede bien claro.

Finalmente, revisa que no haya errores de gramtica ni de ortografa.


57/105


57

EJEMPLO DE UNA NARRACIN DE HECHOS

Esquema Modelo

TTULO

INTRODUCCINPrrafo 1Presenta la accinprincipal. Rescate enlosPirineosPARTE CENTRALPrrafo 2Descripcin de la situacinDescribe la situacin:

esquiando en la nieve ..Tambin describe el maltiempo.

Una persona gritapidiendo ayuda.

Prrafo 3

Sucesin de hechos talcomo sucedieron parasolucionar el problema.

Utiliza Past Simple, Past

Continuous y Past perfect

Rescue in the mountain

Last winter I lived one of the most difficultsituations in my life. I helped one person whohad had an accident in the Pyrenees.

It was 11:00am and I was skiing with myhusband. It was snowing a lot but we werehaving a very good time. Suddenly, we heard acry. At first, we thought it was the wind, but

then, we knew someone was crying for help.We saw a man in the snow and he lookedinjured.

First, we asked him if he was alright. Next, wetried to help him stand up, but he told us that hehad fallen while he was skiing and he hadbroken his left leg.

My husband stayed with him and I went to thevillage. Finally, the ambulance arrived half anhour later. I think we saved his life. [141 words]

Para que te resulte ms fcil identificarlos, los verbos estn escritos en negrita y los

conectoresen cursiva.

4. Radio para aprender ingls

A) Radio

Te presentamos un recurso muy til para aprender ingls a travs de la radio. Se

trata de Voice of America (VOA), una emisora que ofrece una programacin

especial en ingls para estudiantes del idioma. En su pgina web, se explican los

orgenes de lo que denominan Special English:


58/105


58

The roots of Special English

On October 19, 1959, the Voice of America broadcast the first Special English

program. It was an experiment. We wanted to communicate by radio in clear and

simple English with people whose native language was not English.

Special English programs quickly became some of the

most popular on VOA. They still are.

Special English continues to communicate withpeople who are not fluent in English. Over theyears, its role expanded.

It helps people learn American English while they learn about American life and stay

informed about world news and science. It provides listeners with information they

cannot find elsewhere.

5.- INTERNET VOCABULARY

Communicatingnetwork

Wartime

Stamp

Red decomunicacin

tiempo deguerra

Sello decorreos

Exchangeinformation

DataTool

Intercambiarinformacin

DatosHerramienta

The Origin of the Internet

The Internet started in the late 1960s as a project of the U.S. Department of

Defense: the military wanted a communication network that would work even if

parts of it broke down, things that usually happen during wartime!

The military had many computers which were incompatible. This network had

to work between different machines of different type.

In October 1969, two computers talked to each other across a telephone line:

the name of this network was ARPAnet. As time passed, ARPAnet grew and

connected many computers between each other.


59/105


59

A good analogy to the Internet is the Postal Service:

The IP (Internet Protocol) is equivalent to putting a stamp on a letter: you always

need a stamp to send a letter anywhere in the world.

The internet is like the Postal Service: you send a letter and the service will

redirect your letter using any available route to its destination.

By the 1980s, the Internet gained popularity among research organisations

and universities which started to use it in order to exchange information and data.

The World Wide Web or WWW was created at CERN, a physics laboratory in

Geneva, Switzerland. It was used as a tool to exchange and modify documentsbetween scientists and other organizations.

6. Autoevaluaciones

Autoevaluacin 1Ahora vamos a comprobar que has aprendido los contenidos del tema y los sabesponer en prctica. Para ello, tienes que contestar a 10 preguntas, eligiendo entretres posibilidades.

1. La prensa britnica se divide en broadsheetsy _________.

a. newspapers b. tabloids c. compacts

2. Un ejemplo de broadsheetingls es _________.

a. The Times b. The New York Times c. The Sun

3. She ___________ a mobile phone in the street last Monday.

a. buy b. bought c. buyed

4. We __________ to the theatre last Sunday because we were tired.


60/105


60

a. go b. didnt go c. didnt went

5. I ____________ yesterday at 3:00am.

a. slept b. did sleeping c. was sleeping

6. We ______________ when the ambulance arrived.

a. was waiting b. were waiting c. were waited

7. He had an accident ________ he was working.

a. while b. when c. next

8. I ____________ the book before I saw the film.

a. read b. had readed c. had read

9. _________ I saw the accident and then I phoned the police.

a. first b. later c. next

10. After three years waiting, I ___________ had my operation.

a. last b. while c. finally

Autoevaluacin 2

1. READING COMPREHENSION. Choose the best answer according to theinformation in the text.

1.- Qu peridico ataca ms directamente a Fernando Alonso?

a.- The Times b.- The Sun2.- Teniendo en cuenta lo dicho sobre los tipos de peridicos, cul de losdos crees que pertenece a la prensa sensacionalista.

a.- The Times b.- The Sun

3.- Qu peridico habla del sueldo de Alonso?

a.- The Times b.- The Sun

2. Escribe la forma de estos verbos regulares en pasado simple.

1. watch 5. lie 9. pray2. cancel 6. pass 10. shop3. live 7. clap 11. listen4. want 8. try 12. pat


61/105


61

3. Escribe el Pasado Simple de los verbos siguientes:

1. go 7. drink 13. win2. meet 8. eat 14. put3. take 9. drive 15. fight4. begin 10. do 16. spend

4. Completa las oraciones con el Pasado Simple de uno de los verbossiguientes:

have meet Need not buy phonefinish stay Be begin not be

1. Sue (________) those shoes because they (________) expensive.

2. Pam (________) in hospital because she (________) an operation.3. The lesson (________) at 7:00PM and (________) at 8:00PM.

4. Did you (________) my sister at the party? No, she (________) there.

5. Chris (________) his mother because he () some help.

5. Completa las siguientes oraciones con el Past Continuous de los verbos:

1. DO? What_________you_______________at 5PM yesterday?

2. SLEEP Everything was silent and I thought they____________3. SWIM Peter _________________when you phoned him.

4. NOT SHOP I___________________on Monday morning. I was at home.

5. WRITE The boy__________________an email to his friends.

6. Escribe los verbos de las siguientes oraciones en Past Perfect:

1. TRAVEL I___________________to Molina de Aragn before last summer.

2. NOT SEE The girl________________the present before we gave it to her.

3. LISTEN We went to a concert last weekend. We_______________to the

songs before.

4. NOT TRY She_____________________ the dress before she bought it.

5. BE I was in Ruidera last month. I _________________ there two years ago.

6. PLAN They__________________the party before they sent the invitations.

7. NOT STUDY Richard_________________and he failed the exam.

8. DRIVE You______________________a car before you bought one.


62/105


62

9. PHONE He______________________before he came home yesterday.

10. NOT TELL They__________________us the truth before we knew.

7. Completa las oraciones utilizando el Pasado Simple o Pasado Continuo

de los verbos:

1. FALL/RUN Ian__________while he__________in the park.

2. BUY/LIVE She__________this dress when she__________in London.

3. PHONE/CLEAN Mary__________while I__________the kitchen.

4. DRIVE/HAVE She__________when she__________the accident.

5. SIT/HEAR We__________outside when we__________a noise.

8. Elige la opcin correcta:1. I didnt finish / hadnt finished my homework when Susan phoned me.

2. By the time we arrived / had arrived, the party had begun.

3. He left the museum after he saw / had seen everything.

4. I cleaned the kitchen after everyone left / had left.

5. I had run the marathon before I finally won / had won a medal.

6. Had she sent / Did she send the invitations before she saw the error?

7. By the time David arrived at school, the exam had started / started.8. We hadnt bought /didnt buy anything because the shops had closed.

9. I left / had left the cinema early because I had already seen the film.

10. She waited / had waited until 6 oclock in the evening.


63/105


63

7. Tarea final

En esta tarea vamos a ver la gran diferencia que puede haber en una noticiadependiendo de qu peridico la publique. Mira las portadas de dos peridicosnorteamericanos del 12 de septiembre de 2001. Seguramente recordars lacatstrofe que ocurri el da anterior en Nueva York. Observa el aspecto generalde las portadas y los titulares (las letras ms grandes) que resumen en un par depalabras la noticia.

1.- Which newspaper front page is more attractive?2.- Which newspaper front page gives more information?

3.- Which newspaper is a broadsheet?

4.- Which newspaper is a tabloid?

5.- Which newspaper would you buy?

Responde a las preguntas en un documento como ste y enva la respuestaa tu tutor/a.


64/105


64

Bloque 11. Tema 2: Travelling

NDICE1. A trip to

2. Introduccin a la condicin

3. Expresin de la opinin

4. Cmo contrastar ideas

5. Expresin de la hiptesis

6. Autoevaluaciones7.- Tareas


65/105


65

1. A trip to

Busca las palabras TRIP y TRAVEL en un diccionario. Vers que

la primera es el sustantivo (viaje) y la segunda el verbo (viajar). El

ttulo de la unidad TRAVELLING tambin se traduce como viajar,

puesto que estamos util izando el verbo solo (sin ningn sujeto) y lo

tenemos que poner en ING.

Empecemos a planear nuestro viaje: ante todo, y dado el carcter

de la asignatura, buscaremos un destino donde podamos practicar

nuestro ingls. Eres capaz de

reconocer los siguientes pases?

Picture A Picture B Picture C

Picture D Picture E Picture F

Which countries do these pictures represent?

A.- B.-

C.- D.-

E.- F.-


66/105


66

the Australian Outback

Mira esta fotografa de Australia. En ella un grupo de viajeros se

para ante una seal que indica que en los siguientes 92 kilmetros

lo nico que se van a encontrar son animales salvajes. Cmo ser

la vida all? En esta primera parte de la unidad vamos a conocer el

Australian Outback, que es la zona que ocupa todo el centro de

Australia. Es un lugar muy inhspito y casi deshabitado que soporta

condiciones de clima tan extremo que lo convierten en uno de los

lugares habitados ms solitarios

del mundo.

Life in the Outback: l ife is very difficult down in the Australian

Outback, it is an area of 2,500,000 square kilometres in the centre

of Australia; it is very hot (temperatures are usually over 30C in

summer, it is almost a desert) and there are no facilities around;

people live in stations (country houses or cattle farms) very far away

from any small town. Life in a sheep station is very different from life

in a town or in a city; they look after the cattle and sometimes they

travel some hundreds of kilometres a day looking for their food.


67/105


67

There is only one big town in the Outback, it is called Alice Springs.It is in the centre of the Australian Outback.

Some children go to school by receiving their classes with a two-way

radio because the nearest school is too far away to go and come

back every day. The outback is not an empty place; lots of people

and animals wander around the plains and hills. The Aborigines

have always lived in the Outback and they think it is the most

wonderful place in the world to live, but if you try and spend a weekout there, you will realize the type of life you can have there.

2. Introduccin a la condicin

CONDICIONAL = CONDICIN + CONSECUENCIA

Oraciones condicionales: son oraciones compuestas de unaoracin subordinada (If clause) y una oracin principal (mainclause):

Una de ellas, la subordinada, contiene la CONDICIN , mientras quela unidad principal es la CONSECUENCIA . Como puedesimaginarte , una depende de otra, por eso se llama condicional: conla condicin de que


68/105


68

En concreto, la CONDICIN es la que tiene la llave. As, si se da lacondicin, se da la CONSECUENCIA que se considera laproposicin principal dentro de la oracin. Mira el siguienteesquema:

Main clause (principal): I will buy a carIf clause (subordinada) if I win the lottery

I will buy a car if I win the lottery

Como puedes ver, son dos clauses. Tanto en la unidad de laizquierda como en la de la derecha hay un sujeto, un verbo y suscomplementos. Se puede decir que son dos oracionesindependientes, pero se unen para formar una sola, que acabara enel punto gramatical . como ya sabes.

Si te fijas bien, el nexo de unin entre ambas es la partcula IF,que es la que indica la condicin. IF es el si condicional, se queen castellano no lleva nunca tilde.

Tambin podras encontrarte que el orden de ambas proposiones(clauses) vaya invertido y la que empieza por IF se coloquedelante, como puedes ver:

If clause : If I get my pay on Saturday,

Main clause : I will take my wife to a good restaurant

If I get my pay on Saturday, I will take my wife to a goodrestaurant

En este caso, como IF no puede separar ambas clausesporque vaal principio de la oracin, marcamos el lmite entre ambas con unacoma , justo antes del sujeto de la segunda clause. Recuerda queclause se refiere a una unidad de SVC(sujeto+verbo+complementos).

En ingls te puedes encontrar varios tipos de condicionales, aunqueen este mdulo tan slo te vamos a presentar la primera. Veamosahora los tiempos verbales de cada una de las clauses en lacondicional de tipo I .


69/105


69

TIPO 1.- CONDICIONES ABIERTAS : condiciones presentes que sonbastante posibles o probables.

Forma:: If (condicin): verbo en presente / O. principal: verbo en

will future

If you annoy the cat, it will scratch youIf you are hungry, I l l make you something to eat If I pass my exams, Il l go to universi ty If it rains, I l l go to the cinema

Hell get there in time if he runs all the wayWhat will you do if you see an accident?

PREGUNTAS : oracin principal, al principio

Yes / No questions:

Will you come to the party if you dont have to work?Will you speak to him if he apologizes?Will you go to England this year if you have enough money?

Wh-subject questions:

Somebody will buy a car if he passes his driving test -> who willbuy a car if he passes his driving t est?

Somebody will feed the cat if we go away for the weekend-> whowill feed the cat if we go away for the weekend?

Somethingwill happen if we are late ->What will happen i f we are

late?

Wh-non subject questions:

If the bus is late, we will do something -> What will we do if thebus is late?

If I buy a new picture I wil l put it somewhere -> Where will you putthe new picture if you buy it?

Mary will phone somebody if she doesnt know how to get t o thecinema-> Who will Mary phone if she doesnt know how to get to

the cinema?


70/105


70

EJERCICIOS ORACIONES CONDICIONALES

1.- Rellena los espacios en blanco con la forma adecuada delverbo entre parntesis

1. If you drink lemon tea, your sore throat will feel (feel) better.2. If he. (not study) hard, he won't pass the exam.

3. If the baby (touch) the heater, she will burn herself.

4. The theatre will be full if we . (not get) there soon.

5. If we . ( not find) a baby -sitter, we'll have to stay at

home.

6. If you eat too much, you .. (put) on weight.

7. If she .. (not want) to arrive late, she will have to hurry. 8. I won't go out if it .. (n ot stop) snowing.

9. If Robert . (not arrive) soon, I' l l leave without

him.

10.If you . (not obey) the boss's orders, you (lose)

your job!

2.- Elige la respuesta adecuada1.If Terry . stop laughing, he will be sent to the

headmaster's office.

a. doesn't b. don't c. won't

2. If you're thirsty I you something to drink.

a. will make b. will made c. should made

3.If nobody helps Brian, he .. able to do his homework.

a. will be b. won't be c. can't be

4. If Jill . to the opera, Andrea will go instead.

a. goes b. will go c. doesn't go

5.If Jean too many sweets, she will put on weight.

a. eat b. wil l eat c. eats

6. If Mandy of that cut, her leg will get infected.

a. doesnt take care b. takes care c. took care

7. Many people out of work if the factory closes down.


71/105


71

a. will b. will be c. won't

8. I won't go out . I dont find my ke

Documents

Ámbito comunicación.Inglés