aLdf lrgf/L

aLdf lrgf/L

aLdf ;ldlts'k08f]n, nlntk'/

k|sfzs M aLdf ;ldlt

s'k08f]n, nlntk'/

;+:s/0f M @)&$

;ldltsf] kmf]g g+= M

6f]n lk|m g+= M

km\ofS; M

Od]n M [email protected]

d'b|0f M

aLdf ;ldltsf] pb\3f]if0f

k|:t't aLdfM lrgf/L aLdf ;ldltsf] cg'/f]wdf aLdfnufotljleGg ljifosf ljåfg\x?sf] ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] xf] . of]k'l:tsf aLdf ;DaGwL lh1f;' ;j{;fwf/0f dxfg'efjx? tyfaLdf ljifodf ?lr /fVg] cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf nflu pkof]uL;fdu|Lsf] ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;df pNn]v ul/Psfljifox? of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ljåfg\x?sf ljrf/ ePsfn] ;ldltsf]cflwsfl/s wf/0ff g/x]sf] Joxf]/f cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}+ .

dGtJoaLdf ;ldltn] aLdf lzIff k|j4{wgsf] l;nl;nfdf @)^* ;fndf aLdflrgf/L sf] k|yd ;+:s/0f hg;dIf k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . aLdfdfhgr]tgfsf] clej[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] jt{dfg l:yltdf vf;u/L aLdf;DaGwdf rf;f] /fVg'x'g] hg ;fwf/0f nufot aLdf ;]jfdf k|j]z ug{rfxg] OR5's tyf aLdfsf] ljifodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?af6 klg of]k':tssf] yk dfu cfPsf] x'Fbf ;ldltn] aLdf lrgf/Lsf] bf];|f] ;+:s/0fk|:t't u/]sf] 5 . o; ;+:s/0fdf ljutdf aLdf Joj:yfdf ePsf;+zf]wgx? tyf s]xL jif{ cuf8Lb]lv dfq k|rngdf cfPsf s[lifaLdf, n3' aLdf tyf lgdf{0f OlGhlgo/ tyf cfls{6]Sr/x?sf] bfloTjaLdfh:tf yk k|s/0fx?sf ;fy;fy} aLdsx?sf] ;+Vofdf ePsf]j[l4 klg ;dfj]z u/L cBfjlws ul/Psf] 5 .

ljsl;t d'n'sx?df aLdf ;a}sf] hLjgdf cleGg c+u eO;s]sf] 5 /cy{tGqsf] dxTjk"0f{ vDafsf] ?kdf aLdfnfO{ x]l/g] ul/G5 . xfd|f]b]zdf klg aLdfsf] lj:tf/ qmdzM xF'b} uPsf] 5 / cfpFbf jif{x?dfo;n] b|'tt/ ult lng] s'/fdf s'g} ;Gb]x b]lvFb}g . o;tkm{ aLdf;ldltn] hgdfg;df aLdfk|ltsf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ aLdf lzIffsf]k|j4{gdf sl6j4 eO{ nfluk/]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df of] aLdf lrgf/Lk':tsn] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ s'/fdf xfdL cfzfjfbL 5f}+ .kf7sx?af6 s'g} /rgfTds ;'emfjx? cfP cfpFbf] ;+:s/0fdf To:tf;'emfj ;dfj]z u/L k'l:tsf kl/dfh{g ug]{ g} 5f}+ .

cGtdf, o; bf];|f] ;+:s/0f tof/ ug{ nfluk/]sf aLdf ;ldltsf ;a};DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

lr/~hLjL rfkfufO{+cWoIf

aLdf ;ldlt

ljif;"rL

hf]lvd eg]sf] s] xf] < !hf]lvd Joj:yfkg x'g;S5 < @aLdf s] xf] < %aLdfsf] pTklQ / ljsf; ^cfw'lgs sfn / aLdf *g]kfndf aLdf Joj;fosf] ljsf; !!aLdfsf l;4fGtx? !@aLdf Jofj;fosf lsl;d !*hLjg aLdf !(hLjg aLdf Joj;fosf] k|sf/ @)lghL{jg aLdf Joj;fosf] k|sf/ @#k'gaL{df @(aLdf z'Ns #)hLjg aLdf z'Ns #)lghL{jg aLdf z'Ns #!aLdf ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? #!aLdf k|:tfj kmf/d #@aLdf clestf{ ##aLdf ;e]{o/ #$Iflt d"Nof+sg #%bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof #%hLjg aLdf bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof #%

OR5fOPsf] JolQmn] kfpg] #&lghL{jg aLdf bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof #&ljjfbsf] lg?k0f #*s]xL eflifs zAbfjnL #(aLdfdf k|rlnt s]xL zAbfjnLx?-;+lIfKt k|fljlws cy{;lxt_ #(afnL tyf kz'kG5L aLdf $&n3' aLdf $(Joj;flos bfloTj aLdf %%aLdf ;ldlt %&aLdfsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo %&jf/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zgx? %*aLdf ;ldlt;ldltdf btf{ eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf aLdfsDkgLx?sf] ;Dks{ ljj/0f ^#

aLdf M lrgf/L

hf]lvd eg]sf] s] xf] <JolQm, ;dfh tyf Joj;flos sf/f]af/ ;DkGg eO/xFbf d[To', cfunfuL,e"sDk, rf]/L lj:kmf]6, ;8s Pj+ xjfOhxfh b'3{6gfh:tf sf/0fn]cg]sf}+ k|sf/sf Ifltx? klg eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . oL 36gf;Fu ;Da4;dfrf/x? xfdL b}lgs ?kdf g} sxL+ g sxL+ kl9/x]sf jf ;'lg/x]sfx'G5f}+ . o; k|sf/sf Ifltx?nfO{ aLdfsf] efiffdf hf]lvd elgG5 .o:tf hf]lvdsf sf/0f hLpwgdf Iflt k'u] klg o; IfltnfO{ b'3{6gfsf]k|s[lt cg';f/ d"Nodf dfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf 36gf x'g;Sg] cfz+sf/ lrGtf ;a}df ;w}+ /lx/x]sf] x'G5 . o;}nfO{ hf]lvd / hf]lvdsf]cj:yf /x]sf] eGg'kg]{ x'G5 . hf]lvd zAb cfkm}+df kl/efiff ug{ ;lsg]zAb geP klg 36gf x'g ;Sg] / g;Sg] b'O{ cj:yfsf cfwf/dfo;nfO{ a'em\g / klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 / o:tf kl/l:yltx? g} o;sfdfkb08 klg x'g\ . o;nfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg / To;sf] k|of]usf] pbfx/0faf6o;/L k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 . dfgf}+ k|yd cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] ;jf/L k|of]uu/L uGtJodf ;s'zn k'luof] . bf];|f] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] ;jf/L rnfpFbfb'3{6gf eO{ Iflt eof] jf cfkm\gf] ;jf/L;Fu csf]{ ;jf/L 7f]lSsO{ b'j};jf/Ldf Iflt k'Uof], bf];|f] ;jf/Ldf ;jf/ JolQmsf] klxnf] JolQmsf]uNtLn] b'3{6gf x'Fbf d[To' x'g k'Uof] . To;df yk bfloTj l;h{gf eof],of] cj:yf ;s'zn klxnf] JolQm uGtJodf k'Ug] cj:yf eGbf leGg} vfn]l:ylt eof] . of] bf];|f] cj:yf g} hf]lvd xf] . cGo b'3{6gfx?sf]cj:yf klg oxL bf];|f] ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf] h:tf] cj:yf xf] . t/

aLdf lrgf/L !

hf]lvdsf ;DaGwdf hf]lvd 3l6t x'g ;Sg] jf g;Sg] clglZrttf klgplQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . b'3{6gf x'G5 jf x'Fb}g Tof] clglZrt 5, To;}u/L b'3{6gf ePdf Tof] sqf] x'G5 / Iflt slt x'G5 eGg] s'/f klgclglZrt 5 . o;/L JolQm, ;dfh / Joj;flos sf/f]af/df x'g;Sg]s'g} klg k|sf/sf] IfltnfO{ hf]lvdsf ?kdf lng] ul/G5 .

hf]lvd Joj:yfkg x'g;S5 <hf]lvd;Fu} hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf pkfox? klg cfPsf x'G5g\ . To;}n]hf]lvdnfO{ plrt pkfon] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] Joj:yfkgr/0fa4 k|lqmofdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . o;df ;j{k|yd 36gf x'g ;Sg];Defjgfsf] klxrfg ul/G5 tyf ;Defljt Ifltsf] kl/df0f vr{ slt;Ddx'g;S5 eGg] dfkg ul/G5 . To;kl5 36gf 36]df cfkm\gf] ;DklQsf]k'g:yf{kgf jf zf]wegf{ ug]{ Ifdtf s] 5 / Ifltsf] kl/df0f cfkm\gf]cg'dfg eGbf km/s eO{ a9L ePdf j}slNks ;|f]t s] 5 oL ;a}sf]ljZn]if0f ul/G5 .

s'g} 36gfx? cfunfuL÷r6\ofª, e"sDk, af9L h:tf b}jLk|sf]kaf6x'G5g\ . To:t} dfgj l;lh{t hf]lvdx?– 8s}tL, rf]/L, lxgfldgf h:tflqmofsnfkx?af6 klg ljleGg k|s[ltsf 36gf x'g ;S5g\ . To:t}å]ifk"0f{ sfo{x?, x'nbª\uf, x8\tfn / cftª\sjfbL lqmofsnfk Pj+cfGtl/s / jfXo åGå h:tf ;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts kl/j]zaf6xfgL÷gf]S;fgL tyf Iflt k'Ug] 36gfx? l;lh{t eO/x]sf] kfOG5g\ . s'g}Ps JolQmsf] hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ug{ g;Sg] jf grfxg] u}/lhDd]jf/L;f]rfOaf6 ;d]t 36gfx? 3l6g x'g] ub{5g\ .

36gf 36\g / Iflt x'g ;Sb5 eGg] ;f]rfO{ /x]kZrft\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf]lglZrt If]q lgwf{/0f ul/g' cfjZos x'G5, h:t}– ;DklQsf] Iflt Pj+c;/ ug]{ hf]lvd, ;DklQsf] k|of]un] bfloTj l;h{gf ug]{ hf]lvd,JolQmdf dfq ;Lldt /xg] hf]lvd, gubdf dfq ;Lldt /xg] hf]lvdcflbsf] ljZn]if0f hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] dxTjk"0f{ r/0f xf] .

Psyl/ dflg;sf] ;f]rfOdf hf]lvdnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf x6fpg] sfo{ ug{;lsG5 . o;sf nflu cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;jf/L ;fwg laqmL ug]{, ;jf/L

@ aLdf lrgf/L

;fwg g} glsGg], 3/ gagfpg] jf Joj;flos sf/f]af/ g} gug]{ h:tfsfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ts{ ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 hf]lvdnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdfkG5fpg] sfo{ ug{ klg ;lsg] eof] . t/ sltko hf]lvd o:tf 5g\h;nfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] klg kG5fpg ;lsGg . pbfx/0fsf] nflu 3/dfvfgf ksfpg] Uof;sf] l;lnlG8/ k8\sG5 jf dl§t]nsf] :6f]e k8\sG5eGg] ;Defjgfn] ql;t eO{ tL pks/0f k|of]u gug'{ Jojxfl/s x'Fb}g /;Dej klg 5}g . To:t} 3/ jf km\ofS6«Ldf cfunfuL x'G5 cyjf e"sDkn]3/ jf cGo ;+/rgf elTsxfN5 egL gagfpg jf 3/d} al:bg eGg' klgJojxfl/s ePg . oL cj:yfn] xfdL oyfl:yltdf a:g ;S5f}+ jf;Sb}gf}+ eGg] s'/fnfO{ hgfpF5 .

oL ljleGg cj:yfdf a:g jf /xg Jojxfl/s gx'g] x'Fbf xfdL hf]lvda]xf]g{ tof/ x'Fb} xfd|f nflu cfjZos j:t'x?sf] pkof]u ug]{ u5f}{+ . a?b'3{6gf x'g;S5 eGg] ;f]rfO /fvL To;sf] c;/ Go"g ug]{ pkfosf] vf]hLug]{ sfo{ ub{5f}+ . h:t} ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpFbf l;6 a]N6sf] k|of]u ug'{,Po/ Aofusf] Joj:yf ug' {, cfunfuLk"j { ;"rgfsf] 306L lbg]-Pnfd{_ Joj:yf ug'{, rf]/L x'g;Sg] ljz]if :yfgx?df 306Lsf] Joj:yfug'{, d]l;g cf}hf/ ;~rfng x'g] km\ofS6«Ldf sfd/bf/nfO{ ;'/lIft /xg5]sjf/sf] k|of]u ug'{ o;sf pbfx/0fx? x'g\ . oL ;a} Ifltsf] c;/ Go"gug'{ k"j{sf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf dfWod x'g\ . ;f]xL cg';f/ 36gf36]kZrft\ To;sf] c;/ Go"g ug{ clUg lgjf/s oGq h8fg ug]{,l:k|ªsnsf] Joj:yf ug]{, ;DklQ Iflt eO{ ;s]kl5 ;s];Dd arfpg] k|of;u/L afFsL jSof}tf (Salvage) /fVg k|of; ug]{, k|fylds pkrf/sf]Joj:yf ug]{ sfo{ hf]lvd 36]kl5sf c;/ Go"g ug]{ pkfox? x'g\ .

hf]lvdnfO{ cfkm\g} Ifdtfleq axg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] cfOkg{ ;Sg]Ifltsf nflu cfkm } +n] k"j{;f ]rfO jf Joj:yf ug' { klg hf]lvdJoj:yfkg xf] .

cGtdf ljz]if1sf] ?kdf ;~rflnt aLdf sDkgLnfO{ hf]lvd cg'?ktf]lsPsf] aLdfz'Ns a'emfO{ aLdfof]Uo hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .o; Joj:yfkgnfO{ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] pQd Joj:yfkg dflgG5 .cfhsf] cfw'lgs o'udf hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] ;jf]{Qd pkfo klg oxL xf] .

aLdf lrgf/L #

Go"gtd vr{df -aLdfz'Ns a'emfO{_ cfkm\gf] ;kDklQ, cfDbfgL, kg]{bfloTj Pj+ sfdbf/sf] oyf]lrt clwstd ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug'{ g}jf:tljs hf]lvd Joj:yfkg xf] . oxL cfjZostfn] g} aLdf If]qsf]ljsf; ePsf] xf] . hf]lvd 5, o;nfO{ aLdfsf] dfWodaf6 x:tfGt/0fug{ ;lsG5 . t/ ;a} hf]lvdnfO{ aLdf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] xf]Og, aLdfx'g hf]lvdsf ljz]iftf ePsf] x'g h?/L 5 . tL rl/qx?nfO{ oxfFlgDg zLif{sdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 M

!= d"No ls6fg ug{ ;lsg] M s'g} klg Ifltdf d"Nosf] lgwf{/0f x'g' cfjZosx'G5 . 3/ cfunfuL x'Fbf, ;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gf x'Fbf dd{t vr{ slt nfUg]xf], k;ndf /flvPsf] ;fdfg rf]/L ePdf k'g:yf{kgf ug{ vr{ slt nfU5 <;jf/L ;fwg b'3{6gf eO{ t];|f] kIfsf] d[To' ePdf k|rlnt P]g lgodsf]Joj:yfn] slt /sd lbg'kg]{ eof] < hLjg aLdf ul/Psf]df cfkm\gf] klt:ju{jf; x'Fbf hLljt >LdtLn] cfkm\gf] Ifdtfn] d[ts kltn] vl/b u/]sf]d"No a/fa/ kfpg] slt /sd 5 < aLdfn]vsf] /sd slt xf] / kfpg]Ifltk"lt{ slt xf] < o:tf ;a} k|sf/sf Ifltx?nfO{ d"Nodf ls6fg ug{;Sg'kb{5 . oL ;a} Ifltx? d"No dfkgsf dfkb08x? x'g\ . lghL{jgaLdfdf 36gf 36]kl5 dfq Iflt d"No olsg x'G5 t/ hLjg aLdfdf clu|d?kdf g} d"No ls6fg eO/x]sf] x'G5 .

@= lglZrt aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg] M hf]lvd x:tfGt/0fsf] nflulglZrt aLdfz'Ns a'emfpg' kb{5 . aLdfz'Nssf] lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/x?w]/} s'/fdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . ;DklQdf ;'/If0f ul/g] hf]lvdsf] k|s[lt,To;df kg{ ;Sg] bfloTjsf] ;Ldf, hLjg aLdfdf aLdf ug]{ pd]/,:jf:Yosf] l:ylt tyf e'QmfgL lkmtf{ x'g] cjlw cflb ljj/0fx?sfcfwf/df aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f x'g'kb{5 . aLdf sDkgLx?nfO{ aLdfz'Nslgwf{/0fsf] lglDt p:t} k|sf/sf w]/} hf]lvdx?sf] k|:tfj k|fKt x'g'kb{5 .x:tfGt/0f x'g] hf]lvd yf]/} 5 jf Ps b'O{j6f dfq 5g\ eg] aLdfz'Nssf]lgwf{/0f a9L x'G5 .

#= 36gf clglZrt x'g'kg]{ M hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf kIfx?df 36\g;Sg] 36gf clglZrt x'g'kb{5 . 36gf 3l6xfn]df klg Iflt sltkl/df0fsf] x'G5, ;f] klg clglZrt x'g'kb{5 . 36gf x'g] lglZrt 5 eg]aLdf ug{ ldNb}g cyf{t\ 36gf aLdf ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] sfa'eGbf

$ aLdf lrgf/L

aflx/ x'g'kb{5 . hLjg aLdf ug]{sf] s'g} Ps lbg d[To' x'g] lglZrtcj:yf b]lvP klg s'g lbg d[To' x'G5 Tof] clglZrt 5 . hLjg aLdfug]{n] aLdf u/fpFb} tTsfn} cfTdxTofsf] lgot g/fv]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

$= x:tfGt/0f ug{ aLdfof]Uo lxt x'g'kg]{ M aLdfsf] dfWodåf/f hf]lvdx:tfGt/0f ul/Fbf cfOkg{ ;Sg] Iflt jf bfloTj l;h{gf x'g] aLdfsf]ljifoj:t'df aLdf ug{ k|:tfj ug]{ JolQmsf] cfkm\gf] aLdfof]Uo lxt ePsf]x'g'kb{5, hf]lvd 36]df lxt sfod ePsf] JolQm jf ;+:yfn] dfq} Ifltk"lt{kfpg' kb{5 . cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ, kg]{ bfloTj tyf c?sf]hLjgdf aLdf ug{ ldNb}g -s'g} s'g} ckjfb cj:yf afx]s_, o;nfO{aLdfof]Uo lxt l;4fGt ;DaGwL zLif{sdf 5'§} JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

%= hglxtlj?4 x'g] u/L x:tfGt/0f ug{ gx'g] M hf]lvd clglZrt x'g'kb{5elgFbf aLdfsf] ljifoj:t' cyf{t\ cfkm\gf] ;DklQ cfkm}+n] hfgLhfgL cfuf]nufpg', laufg'{ / Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug{' ;fdflhs dfGotf ljk/Lt x'G5 .;jf/L b'3{6gfdf rfnsnfO{ ;DalGwt k|x/Ln] ug]{ hl/afgf afkt aLdfaf6Ifltk"lt{ x'Fb}g . t/, t];|f] kIfk|lt bfloTjsf] eg] Ifltk"lt{ x'G5 .

aLdf s] xf] <dfgj ;dfhdf ljklQ jf hf]lvdsf kof{Kt ;Defjgf 5g\ . JolQmuthLjg, /f]huf/L, Joj;flos sf/f]af/ ;a}df hf]lvd JofKt 5 . b'3{6gfeO{ Iflt x'g ;S5 . clglZrt hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f u/L Ifltk"lt{ k|fKtug]{ dfWod aLdf xf] . ;dfg k|s[ltsf] clglZrt hf]lvdn] u|:t ePsfJolQm jf ;d'bfon] cfkm\gf] hf]lvd cg'?k aLdfz'Ns a'emfO{ s/f/sf]dfWodaf6 36gf ePdf Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug]{ dfWod g} aLdf xf] . 36gf;w}+ clglZrt g} x'g] ePsfn] ;a}sf nflu Ifltk"lt{ lbg] geO{ k|fKt jfhDdf ePsf] aLdfz'Ns sf]ifaf6 Iflt x'g] ju{nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yfaLdfn] ub{5 .

dfly hf]lvdsf af/]df rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . aLdf hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f ug]{pkfo xf] . To;}n] aLdf x'g clglZrt k|sf/sf] hf]lvd x'g}kb{5 .aLdfsf] ;DaGw s'g} g s'g} ?kdf hf]lvd;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . aLdfhf]lvd x:tfGt/0fsf] Ps s/f/ xf] .

x/]s s/f/ jf ;Demf}tf b'O{ kIfsf aLrdf ;DkGg x'G5 . aLdf klg b'O{

aLdf lrgf/L %

kIfsf aLrdf x'g] o:t} s/f/ xf] . aLdf ubf{ sDkgL -lads_ aLdf ug]{JolQm -laldt_ aLrdf s/f/ ul/G5 . o;df aLdfsf] ljifoj:t'df x'g]hf]lvdsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] ef/ aLdfsf] dfWodaf6 ladsdf ;fg]{ ul/G5 .o;sf nflu aLdf sDkgLn] aLdfz'Ns lnG5 / aLdfz'Ns c+z÷c+z jfPsd'i7 ?kdf klg a'emfpg ;lsG5 . o:tf] cj:yf kZrft\ aLdfsf]ljifoj:t'df tf]lsPsf] hf]lvdaf6 xfgL÷gf]S;fgL ePdf cfkm"n] :jLsf/u/] cg';f/sf] d"Nof+sgdf tf]lsPsf] xbdf ga9\g] u/L aLdf sDkgLn]Iflt a]xf]g]{ ub{5 . s/f/ b'O{ kIfaLr x'g] x'Fbf Pscsf{sf] wf/0ff :ki6x'g] u/L aLdf ;'/If0f dfUg] / Ifltk"lt{ lbg] JofVof u/L s/f/ ;DkGgx'G5 . aLdf s/f/nfO{ aLdfn]v elgG5 h'g lnlvt ?kdf 5flkPsf] jf6fOk ul/Psf] cj:yfdf k|:t't x'G5 . aLdfn]vdf aLdf ug{ k|:tfjug]{n] aLdf k|:tfj ubf{ pNn]v ul/Psf pb\3f]if0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgLk|:tfjssf] gfd, 7]ufgf, hf]lvd ljj/0f, aLdfz'Ns a'emfPsf], aLdfePsf] j:t'÷bfloTj÷JolQm jf cGo aLdf ul/Psf] kl/;/ jf cGo aLdfcjlw, zt{ jf cGo k|ltaGwfTds Joj:yf j0f{g ul/Psf] x'G5 .

k|To]s s/f/df zt{ ePh:t} aLdf s/f/df klg hf]lvd kl/jt{g ePdf;"rgf ug'{kg]{, bfaL -Iflt_ dfu ubf{ v'nfpg'kg]{ Joxf]/f pNn]v ug'{kg]{,bfaL ljjfb ePdf ;dfwfg ug]{ tl/sf tyf Ifltk"lt{df s'g} aGb]h x'g]ePdf ;f]sf] zt{ cflb pNn]v ePsf] x'G5 .

aLdfsf] pTklQ / ljsf;dflg;n] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffsf] vf]hL cjZo g} ug'{kb{5 . k|frLgsfndf haJofkfl/s sd{x? k|f/De eP To;a]nfb]lv g} dfG5]n] Jofkf/sf] ;'/Iffsf]vf]hL u¥of] . jf:tjdf hf]lvdsf] ef/af6 aRg] pkfosf] vf]hLaf6 g}aLdfsf] hGd ePsf] xf] .

nf]shLjg / k|frLg ;dfhdf dflg;n] Pscsf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ /;fdflhs ;DaGwsf] cfwf/df ;xof]uL x'g] k|lqmofsf] ;'?cft u¥of] .xfdLn] u'7Lsf] gfd ;'g]sf 5f}+ . of] klg k|frLg ;xof]usf] k/Dk/fs}cjz]if xf] . c? kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfosf ;b:onfO{ ckm\7\of/f] kbf{;xof]u ug]{ k|j[lQ dfgjLo k|j[lQ g} xf] . oxL k|j[lQaf6 aLdfn] klgcfwf/ k|fKt u¥of] / aLdfsf] hGd eof] .

aLdfsf] k|rngsf] k[i7e"ld vf]Hb} hfFbf O=k"= #))) jif{cl3sf] a]af]nf]lgof^ aLdf lrgf/L

/ ;''d/df k'Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . oL b'j} :yfg clxn]sf] O/fsdf kb{5g\ .To;a]nf oL b'O{ /fHosf Jofkf/Lx?n] hxfhdf x'g] rf]/L, 8s}tL tyfcGo Ifltaf6 aRgsf nflu ;fd'lxs ?kdf sf]ifsf] lgdf{0f ub{y] / ToxLsf]ifaf6 o:tf hf]lvdx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ub{y] .

O=k"= c7f/f}+ ztfAbLdf a]af]nf]lgofsf /fhf xDd'/jLn] t sfg'g g} agfP/Jofkfl/s Ifltsf] Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf u/]sf lyP . o; sfg'gnfO{xDd'/jL sfg'g elgG5 . o;df ;fd'lb|s dfu{df x'g] rf]/L, 8s}tLaf6 x'g]gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{df Jofjxfl/s kIfx? pNn]v ul/Psf lyP . pbfx/0fsfnflu ;d'b|L dfu{af6 Jofkf/ ug]{ Jofkf/Lsf] ;fdfg rf]/L ePdf rf]/LePsf] ;fdfg a/fa/ k};f pknAw u/fpg] / C0f ePdf C0f d'Qmu/fpg] Joj:yf sfg'gdf g} pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] .

O=k"= ^)) jif{cl3 o:t} Joj:yf ef/t jif{df klg lyof] eGg] s'/f j}lbsu|Gyx?df pNn]v 5 eg] lu|;df O=k"= $)) jif{ cl3 o:tf] Joj:yf /x]sf]lyof] . /f]d]nL ;dfhdf rflxF o; Joj:yfnfO{ sfg'gL cfwf/ dfgL/fHon] g} o:tf] art sf]ifsf] Joj:yf u/L Ifltk"lt{ lbg] s'/f pNn]vul/Psf] lyof] . /f]ddf dflg;sf] d[To' x'Fbf ;d'bfosf ;b:oaf6 bfx;+:sf/tyf lqmofvr{ lbg k};f ;+sng ug]{ k/Dk/f lyof] .

kmf]g]l;of -jt{dfg n]jgfg_ df Jofkf/Lx?n] O=k"= !@ cf}+ ztfAbLdfaLdfsf] k|rng k|f/De u/]sf] kfOG5 . c+u|]hLdf Bottomary Bond elgg]o;df kfgLhxfh lwtf] /fvL C0f lbg] k|rng lyof] . To:t} RospondeatiaBond cyf{t hxfhdf /x]sf] dfn;fdfg lwtf] /fvL C0f lbg] klgk|rng lyof] . oL Joj:yfdf Jofkf/LnfO{ ;d'b|L ofqfsf nflu C0fpknAw u/fOGYof] . o;df Jofkf/Ln] Jofkfl/s ofqf ;kmn ePdf k|To]sofqfsf C0f Jofh ;lxt lty]{ eg] ofqf ;kmn gePdf o:tf] C0fldgfxf ul/GYof] . o;/L lng] Aofhsf] b/ ;fdfGo b/ eGbf s]xL a9Lx'GYof] . ofqf ;kmn gePdf ldgfxf lbg'kg]{ cj:yfsf] nflu ykz'Nssf ?kdf a9L Aofhb/ lnOPsf] x'GYof] h'g cfw'lgs aLdfdf…aLdfz'NsÚ sf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd ePsf] kfOG5 . aLdfsf] o:tf] k|rngPl;ofsf] cGo efudf rf}yf] ztfAbLdf klg k|of]udf NofOPsf] kfOG5 .kfZrfTo ;Eotfsf] dWoo'u kfFrf}+b]lv kGw|f}+ ztfAbL;Ddsf] ;do xf] .o; ;dodf a]nfot / O6fnLdf sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/ la/fdL

aLdf lrgf/L &

ePdf jf d/]df kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ ljz]if cfly{s ;xof]u pknAwu/fpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfw'lgs sfn / aLdfcfw'lgs o'udf aLdfsf] ljsf; cfw'lgs ;Gbe{df g} x'g yfNof] .O6fnLsf ox'bLx?n] !@cf}+ ztfAbLdf d'gfkmfs} cfwf/df ;'? u/]sf];fd'lb|s aLdf lj:tf/} cGo If]qdf klg k|j]z u¥of] . O6fnLaf6 lgjf{l;toL ox'bLx? kf]r'{un, :k]g, k|mfG;nufotsf b]zdf a:g yfn]kl5 aLdfsf]k|rng cfw'lgs ?kdf g} ;'? x'g yfNof] . a]nfotdf !^ b]lv !* cf}+ztfAbLsf aLrdf aLdfsf] k|rngsf] cfw'lgs ?kx? tof/ eP . a]nfotdf!%)) ;g\sf] cGTolt/ klxnf] k6s aLdf gLlt lnlvt ?kdf cfPsf]kfOG5 . d}qL ;dfh÷;d'bfo (Friendly Societies) gfds ;d'bfon] cGosfo{sf cltl/Qm aLdfsf] sfo{ klg ub{Yof] / ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?sf]hLjg aLdf ub{Yof] . ;DejtM hLjg aLdfsf] klxnf] cfw'lgs k|of; klgoxL g} lyof] . o;sf nflu dhb'/x?sf] /sdaf6 sf]if hDdf ul/GYof] ./ dhb'/ la/fdL ePdf jf p;sf] dTo' ePdf lgh jf lghsf kl/jf/nfO{;xof]u ul/GYof] . k|f/Dedf unt / sdhf]/ Joj:yfkgsf sf/0f o:tfw]/} ;dfh 6f6 klN6P . o:tf] cj:yf cfPkl5 !&(# df a]nfot;/sf/n] d}qL ;dfh ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] Joj:yf u¥of] / o:tf] ;+:yfsf];~rfngdf lgoldttf Nofof] .

a]nfotdf ;g\ !&)) sf] k|f/Dedf ;fd'lb|s Jofkf/L / Jofkf/sf] hf]lvdsd ug{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf k|f/De eof] . ;fd'lb|s Jofkf/L / ;fdfg9'jfgL ug]{ dflg;x?n] cgf}krfl/s ?kdf eP klg ;fdfgsf] Ifltk"lt{afkt aLdfnfO{ k|of]udf NofP . P8a8{ nf]o8; eGg] skmL laqm]tfsf]k;ndf hDdf eP/ Jofkf/Lx?n] aLdfsf] k|of]u ;'? u/]sf] x'Fbf kl5o;nfO{ nf]o8; gfd lbOof] / o;n] nf]o8; ckm nG8gsf] gfddfcf}krfl/s ;+:yfsf] ?k k|fKt u¥of] . ;fd'lb|s aLdfsf cf}krfl/s:yfkgfsf] ?kdf o;}nfO{ lng] ul/G5 .

cf}Bf]lus ljsf; / ;x/Ls/0fsf sf/0f o'/f]k / pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] hLjg/ cfly{s sf/f]af/df gofF–gofF hf]lvdx? ylkg yfn] . ;+o'Qm kl/jf/PsfTds kl/jf/df ?kfGt/0f x'g yfn]kl5 of] cj:yf emg\ rsf]{ ?kdf

* aLdf lrgf/L

cfof] . ;g\ !^^^ df nG8gdf 7"nf] cfunfuL eof] . kfFr lbg;Dd/x]sf] o; cfunfuLn] nG8gsf *% k|ltzt 3/x? gi6 kf¥of] . oLlbgx?df l/on :6]6 sDkgLx?n] gofF 3/ agfOlbP / hUufwgLx?nfO{a]Rg yfn] . o; 36gfkl5 a]nfotdf clUg aLdfsf] ;'?cft eof] . rfF8}g} a]nfotdf clUg aLdfn] Jofkstf k|fKt u¥of] / clUg aLdf sDkgLx?klg v'n] .

c7f/f}+ ztfAbLsf] cf}Bf]lus qmflGtn] o'/f]knfO{ gofF ult dfq lbPg,oftfoft / snsf/vfgfsf] 7"nf] ljsf; klg eof] . o;n] dhb'/ ju{sf];+Vofdf klg ef/L j[l4 eof] . ;x/Ls/0fn] c? ult lnof] / ;fdfg,;fwg, sf/vfgf nufot k'FhL÷;/;DklQsf ;fy} dhb'/sf] Ifltdf klgj[l4 eof] . cf}Bf]lus gu/Lx? h:t} o'/f]ksf] nG8g, Xofdju{, k|mfG;sf]k]l/;, ?;sf] ;]G6 lk;ju{, cd]l/sfsf] lkmnf8]lNkmof / Go'of]s{sf]hg;+Vofdf cTolws a9f]Q/L eof] . o;n] ;x/L If]qdf aLdfsf] cfjZostfa9fof] / aLdfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df klg tLj|tf cfof] .

cd]l/sfdf klg aLdfsf] ljsf; !*cf}+ ztfAbLaf6 g} eof] . ;g\ !&@)df a]Ghfldg k|mfGslngn] lkmnf8]lNkmofdf ePsf] eLif0f cfunfuLaf6ePsf] 3/x?sf] Ifltsf] aLdf /sd pknAw u/fP . o;sf nflu sDkgLsf]:yfkgf u/L gful/saf6 k};f hDdf u/L nufgL sf]if g} tof/ kfl/of] .o;df Aofhsf] /sd gf]S;fgLsf] nflu lbOPsf] lyof] eg] nfef+z rflxFnufgL ug]{nfO{ lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] .

;g\ !&(@ df t cd]l/sfdf ^ nfv 8n/sf] nufgL;lxt aLdf sDkgLsf]:yfkgf eof] / of] ;fd'lb|s aLdf lyof] . ;g\ !*)) kl5 cd]l/sfdfhLjg aLdf tyf cGo k|sf/sf aLdf sDkgL v'Ng] k|lqmofdf kof{Kta9f]Q/L eof] .

;g\ !*^( df cd]l/sfsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] /fHo tyf ;+3x?df aLdfsfg'g Nofpg] cfb]z lbof] / ;a} /fHox?n] aLdf ljefu g} vf]nL aLdfsDkgLx?sf] lgoldttf jf clgoldttfsf] cWoog tyf sf/afxL ug]{lytL a;fn] . o;/L cd]l/sfdf aLdf /fHosf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ c+u aGof] .!( cf}+ @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf cf}Bf]lus b]z tyf cGoljsl;t b]zx?df aLdfsf gofF If]qx? ljsl;t eP . cf}iflw lj1fgdf

aLdf lrgf/L (

cfPsf] k|ult;Fu} cf}ifwf]krf/ aLdf klg ;'? eof] . cf}Bf]lus If]qdf sfdug]{ dhb'/x?sf] ljz]if ;'/Iffsf nflu Ifltk"lt{ sfg'gsf] Joj:yf eof] eg]w]/} ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] If]qdf nufgL j[l4 ub}{ /fHoaf6 a]/f]huf/ aLdf //fli6«o :jf:Yo aLdf ;DaGwL gLltx? g} kfl/t u/L aLdfnfO{ ;a} If]qsf;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf dfWodsf ?kdf kl/eflift u¥of] .

oftfoftsf] If]qdf klg gofF aLdf Joj:yfsf] k|f/De eof] . ;+o'Qm /fHocd]l/sfdf ;g\ !*(& df klxnf] k6s c6f]df]afOn aLdfsf] ;'?jfteof] . o; qmddf /]Nj], aLdf, xjfO{ aLdf, b'3{6gf aLdf, rf]/L aLdf /hxfhL ofq' aLdfx? klg k|f/De eP .

;g\ !(%) eGbf cufl8 ;DklQ jf bfloTj ;DaGwL aLdf dfq sfof{GjogdflyP eg] ;g\ !(%) kl5 aLdfdf Kofs]h gLlt g} k|f/De ePsf] 5 h;dfljleGg k|sf/sf aLdfnfO{ Kofs]h gLltsf ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf]kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu 3/ dflnsn] ug]{ aLdfdf ;DklQ / bfloTjb'j} ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !(^% df cd]l/sL sf+u|];n] :jf:YoaLdfsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Joj:yfnfO{ alnof] agfpg] aLdf gLlt NofPsf]5 .

!(&) sf] jif{ k'FhLjfbL o'usf] ;+s6 / ;+3if{sf] jif{ xf] . ljZj cfly{sdGbLsf] rk]6fn] k'FhLjfb cf}Bf]lus b]znfO{ xNnfof] . o;n] aLdf,a}+lsª, ;'/Iff, pTkfbg ;]jf ;a}lt/ ;d:of klg Nofof] . o:tf 36gfkl5aLdfsf] If]qdf klg kl/jt{g cfof] . aLdfnfO{ Joj;fo / Jofkf/sf]?kdf klg :yfkgf ub}{ a}+lsª / aLdfnfO{ ljz]if ?kdf x]l/of] .

cfw'lgs o'udf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu aLdfnfO{ klg a}+lsª ;'ljwf k|bfgug{ yflnPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf sltko aLdf sDkgLn] artvftf / cGo Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/ ;d]t ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ eg] hLjg aLdfsDkgLn] k]G;g of]hgf / cGo cfly{s Joj:yfkg ;]jf NofP/ laldtx?sfhLjgdf ;'ljwf yKg] sfo{ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . o'/f]k]nL ;dfhdf aLdfJoj;fo Hofb} km:6fPsf] 5 eg] aLdf ToxfFsf dflg;x?sf] hLjgk4lt Pj+ hLjgz}nL ag]sf] 5 . aLdf ug'{ hLjg, ;DklQ, Jofkf/ ;a}sf];'/Iff xf] eGg] jf]wn] dflg;sf] hLjgnfO{ aLdfn] ;/n agfPsf] 5 /sDKo'6/sf] ljsf;n] aLdfsf af/]df 1fg / ;LdfnfO{ klg dflg;sf]

!) aLdf lrgf/L

glhs NofPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf aLdf Joj;fosf] ljsf;g]kfndf aLdfsf] Oltxf; w]/} k'/fgf] 5}g . lj=;+= @))& ;fnsf] qmflGteGbfklxn] /3'klt h'6 ldn -lj=;+= @))#_, h'4 Dofr km\ofS6«L, lj/f6gu/s6g ldn, jL/uGh s6g ldn :yfkgf ePsf lyP . ltgsf] ljQLo;xof]usf] lglDt g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8 lj=;+= !(($ df :yfkgf ePkl5cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgfsf] ;fy} aLdf sDkgLsf] cfjZostf dx;';ePsf] lyof] . a}+sn] shf{ k|jfx ubf{ s]xL ef/tLo aLdf sDkgLn]g]kfndf lghL{jg aLdf ;'? u/]sf] kfOG5 . aLdfsf] cfjZostfsf]kmn:j?k g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf] ;lqmotfdf lj=;+= @))$ ;fndf g]kfndfn rnfgL tyf aLdf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf eof] . of] ;+:yf g]kfn sDkgLP]gcGtu{t kfFrnfvsf] d"nwgdf g]kfn a}+s lnld6]sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf:yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)!^ ;fndf of] sDkgL g]kfn OG:of]/]G;PG8 6«fG;kf]6{ sDkgL ln=df kl/jt{g eof] . o;nfO{ lj=;+= @)$* ;fndfg]kfn OG:of]/]G; sDkgL ln= sf] gfddf k"0f{?kn] lghL{jg aLdfsf] sfo{ug]{ u/L k'gM gfdfs/0f ul/of] .

lj=;+= @))& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gn] b]zdf ljsf;sf] nx/ cfpgyfNof] . oftfoftsf] ljsf;sf] ;fy} snsf/vfgfx? v'Ng yfn] .Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] ljsf; x'g yfNof] . lj=;+= @)@% ;fn cl3;Dd w]/}ef/tLo aLdf sDkgLx? g]kfndf cfP / uP klg . To; avt;Dd:yfoL ?kdf /x]sf] aLdf sDkgL dWo] ?jL hg/n OG:of]/]G; sDkgLlnld6]6 -xfn g]zgn OG:of]/]G; sDkgL_, lb cf]l/oG6n OG:of]/]G;sDkgL lnld6]8, :6ln{ª OG:of]/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8 -kl5 lb cf]l/oG6nOG:of/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8df uflePsf]_ cflb k|d'v lyP . lj=;+= @)@$;fn kf}if ! ut] Ps s/f]8sf] clws[t k'FhLdf /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfgk|f=ln=sf] :yfkgf eof] .

/fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfg P]g, @)@% cfPkl5 o;nfO{ /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfgdfkl/jt{g ul/of] . o;n] :yfkgfsf] k|f/Dedf lghL{jg aLdfsf] sfo{ u/Llj=;+= @)@( b]lv hLjg aLdf k|f/De u¥of] . lj=;+= @)$^ ;fn cufl8aLdf Joj;fo ug]{ lghL :t/sf] sDkgLsf] ?kdf lj=;+= @)$$ ;fndf

aLdf lrgf/L !!

g]zgn nfOkm PG8 hg/n OG:of]/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8sf] dfq :yfkgfePsf] lyof] . o;n] ;'?df lghL{jg aLdf Joj;fo / To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5dfq hLjg aLdf Joj;fo ug]{ u/L :jLs[lt kfPsf] lyof] .

g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnL kZrft\ cf=j= @)$^÷$& df g]kfn ;/sf/n]ckgfPsf] cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] kmn:j?k aLdf If]q klg lghL:t/sfnflu v'nf x'g k'Uof] . kmn:j?k ljleGg lghL{jg tyf hLjg aLdfsDkgLx?n] aLdf Joj;fo ug]{ Ohfht kfP . xfn;Dd @) j6f lghL{jg,!* j6f hLjg / ! k"gla{df sDkgLx? g]kfnsf] aLdf ahf/df sfo{/t/x]sf 5g\ .

aLdfsf l;4fGtx?hf]lvd x:tfGt/0fsf] dfWodsf] ?kdf aLdfn] s/f/sf ?kdf cfkm\gf]sfo{ sfof{Gjog ul//xFbf / o;sf] qmlds ljsf; eO/xFbf o;df;d:of Pj+ ljjfb ;d]t ylkFb} uP . oL ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg /eljiosf nflu glh/ lgdf{0fsf sfddf g} qmdzM o;sf l;4fGtx?sf]ljsf; klg x'Fb} uof] . aLdfdf l;4fGt eg]sf] Ps k|sf/n] lgodsf]lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmof xf] . l;4fGt aLdfsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ kIfxf] / ;+;f/sf ;a} b]zdf aLdfsf l;4fGtx? k|foM ;a} Ps} lsl;dn]lgb]{lzt x'G5g\ / nfu' klg x'G5 . aLdf k|:tfj s;n] ug{ kfpg] <k|:tfj ul/Fbf k|:tfjsf] st{Jo s] s] x'g] < s] s:tf] hf]lvd x:tfGt/0fsf]dfu ul/of] / Iflt s]af6 eof] < Iflt slt eof] / s;/L lbg'kg]{b]lvof] < Iflt pTkGg x'Fbf csf]{ s'g} t];|f] kIf lhDd]jf/ b]lvof] ls <k|:tfjs cfkm}+n] jf c?sf] tkm{af6 Pp6} ljifonfO{ b'O{ jf a9L aLdfs/f/ u/]sf] b]lvof] ls < o:t} sfd sf/afxLsf] nflu lgb]{lztl;4fGtx?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . oL l;4fGtsf jf]w u/]kl5 g} aLdfsf]af/]sf] 1fg :ki6 x'G5 . aLdfsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\M

!= aLdfof]Uo lxtsf] l;4fGthf]lvd x:tfGt/0f u/L aLdf s/f/ ug{ k|:tfj ubf{ ;+/If0f x'g] ljifoj:t'df k|:tfjssf] aLdfof]Uo lxtsf] pkl:ylt x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . k|:tfj s]sf]ul/Psf] 5 < s/f/df s] s] aLdf ul/Psf] 5 oL ;a} s'/f v'Ng h?/L

!@ aLdf lrgf/L

5 . h:t} df]6/ aLdf x'Fbf Ps 7f]; j:t' df]6/sf] aLdf ul/Psf] xf]elgG5 t/ ;f] geO{ pQm df]6/ aLdfsf] ljioj:t' dfq xf] . o:t} 3/,;fdfg, xjfOhxfh, bfloTj klg aLdfsf ljifoj:t'x? x'g\ . aLdfsf]ljifoj:t' pk/ aLdf ug]{ JolQm -ljldt_ sf] df}lb|s lxt jf :jfy{ /x]sf]x'G5 eg] ;f]xL :jfy{ jf lxtnfO{ aLdfof]Uo lxt elgG5 . aLdf ug]{ JolQm/ aLdfsf] ljifoj:t' ;DklQ jf bfloTj pk/ /x]sf] sfg'g ;d]t clwsf/cg'?k cfly{s ?kdf gfKg ;lsg] :jfy{ g} aLdf of]Uo lxt jf :jfy{ xf] .

lghL{jg aLdftkm{ ;DklQ aLdfdf ;DklQsf] PSnf] :jfldTjsf sf/0f Pj+;DklQsf] k|of]un] t];|f] kIfnfO{ k'¥ofPsf] Iflt pk/ a]xf]g'{kg]{ sfg'gLbfloTjdf aLdfof]Uo lxt eof] . ;DklQsf] PSnf] :jfldTj afx]s cf+lzsjf ;+o'Qm :jfldTj, C0f lbg] / lng] aLrsf] ;DaGwdf C0fsf] xb;Dd,;fdfg lhDdf lng], k|of]u ug]{, /f]huf/ lbg]n] sfdbf/sf] hLjgdf,d[tsåf/f OR5fOPsf] s'/fsf] nflu clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntaf6 ;DklQ/]vb]v ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] JolQm Joj;flos bfloTj k"/f ug{ g;s]sf]-6f6 kN6]sf]_ d'2f dfldnfsf] ljifoj:t' aGg k'u]sf] ;DklQ lgoGq0f ug{/ /]vb]v ug{ cbfntaf6 vl6Psf] JolQm oL ;a}df aLdfof]Uo lxt/xG5 . hLjg aLdftkm{ JolQmsf] hLjgdf, kfl/jfl/s ;DaGwdf, kTgLsf]hLjgdf, ;fx'sf] cf;fdLsf hLjgdf aLdf ug{ aLdfof]Uo lxt /xG5 .aLdf ug]{ sDkgLn] :jLsf/]sf] ljleGg hf]lvd csf]{ aLdf sDkgLdf aLdfs/f/ ubf{ klg aLdfof]Uo lxt /xG5 . o:tf] s/f/nfO{ k'gaL{df elgG5,/ k'gaL{df klg ladssf] cfkm\gf] hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f jf Joj:yfkg ug]{Ps cj:yf xf] .

@= k/d ;b\ljZjf;sf] l;4fGtaLdf vl/b ug{ rfxg] k|:tfjsn] ladsn] hf/L ug{ ;Sg] aLdfn]v /To;sf ;t{x?sf gd'gfx? clu|d ?kdf cWoog ug{ ;Sb5, t/ladsn] aLdfn]v hf/L ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;a} tYox? kfpg ;Sb}g .ladsn] k|:tfljt hf]lvdsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ u/fpg ;s] tfklg hf]lvd;Fu;DalGwt ;a} tYosf lgldQ k|:tfjsn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;"rgfsf]xb;Dd dfq 1fg kfpF5g\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltsf] ;dfwfg ug{ aLdfs/f/df k/d ;b\ljZjf;sf] l;4fGtsf] hGd x'g uof] / aLdf s/f/nfO{

aLdf lrgf/L !#

k/d ;b\ljZjf;sf] s/f/sf] ;+1f lbOof] .

aLdssf] xsdf klg o; l;4fGtsf] kfngf ug{sf nflu laldtnfO{a]kmfObf x'g] u/L s/f/ ug{ gkfpg], sfg'gn] dfGotf glbg] aLdf k|:tfjePdf ;f] aLdf ug{ gkfpg] / e|d kg]{ u/L zt{x? pNn]v ug{ gkfpg]st{Jo /xG5 .

k/d ;b\ljZjf; aLdf s/f/df cGt/lgxLt dxTjk"0f{ ;t{ ePsfn] aLdfk|:tfjssf] k"0f{?kdf cfjZos kg]{ tYo v'nfpg'kb{5 . oL cfjZoskg]{ tyf clgjfo{ ?kdf pNn]v ug}{ kg]{ tYo yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} n'sfPdfkmfObf lng vf]h]sf] clek|fo /fv]sf] 7flgG5 . o:tf] st{Jo kfngfgu/]df ablgotsf] k|s[lt x]/L ladsaf6 s/f/ eË x'g;S5 . To;}n];Dk"0f{ tYo nufot ;fdfGo cfjZos x'g'kg]{ tYosf] af/]df ladsnfO{;a} ;"rgf lbg'kb{5 . cfjZos tYo lbg dx;'; gu/]df / yfxfgePsf] eGg] cfwf/df kl5 kg{;Sg] k|lts"n c;/sf] lhDd]jf/L laldtd}/xG5 . ladsn] aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f ug{ jf k|:tfljt hf]lvd :jLsf/ug]{ jf gug]{ lg0f{odf k'Ug aLdfsf] ljifoj:t'sf] j:t'ut tYox?sf]hfgsf/L rflxG5 . aLdf cjlwleq klg tYo kl/jt{g ePdf hfgsf/Lu/fpg'kg]{ laldtsf] st{Jo /xG5 . o;/L tYo k|:t't gu/L a;]dfTo;sf] lhDd]jf/ jf xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] ;a} lhDdf laldtn] g} lngkb{5 .hLjg aLdf k|:tfj ubf{ pd]/sf] k|df0f, :jf:Yo ljj/0f, cfo;|f]t;DaGwL ljj/0f g} o;sf j:t'ut tYo x'g\ .

lghL{jg aLdf k|:tfj ubf{ pbfx/0fsf] nflu df]6/ aLdfsf] k|:tfjdf;jf/Lsf] k|of]u, ljutsf] b'3{6gf, rfns Ohfht kq /4 ePsf]÷gePsf],;jf/L ;8sdf nUg of]Uo cj:yfdf /x]÷g/x]sf], cGo s'g} aLdf sDkgLåf/faLdf k|:tfj c:jLsf/ u/]sf], aLdfz'Ns a9fPsf] jf ljz]if ;t{ /fv]sf],aLdfn]v aLr}df /4 ul/lbPsf] jf aLdf gjLs/0f c:jLsf/ ul/lbPsf]cflb ljj/0fx? j:t'ut tYo x'g\ . aLdfsf ljifout ljj/0fx? k|:t'tubf{ s]xL tYox? eg] v'nfpg cfjZos kb}{g . h:t} sfg'gdf pNn]vePsf] Joj:yf, ladsnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof yfxf g} x'g'kg]{ 36gf, hf]lvdsf]k|s[lt 36\g] ;"rgf h:t}M clUg lgoGq0f pks/0f h8fg ul/Psf] ;"rgf,o; cl3sf] aLdfn]vdf k/]sf Iflt ljj/0fx? hfgsf/L u/fPsf]df jf o;aLdfsf] bfjL ul/Psf] lyof] eg] hfgsf/L u/fPsf]df xfnsf] ladsn] ykljj/0f dfu gu/]df, ladssf] ;e]{o/nfO{ 1fg x'g;Sg] / k/f]If b]Vg!$ aLdf lrgf/L

;Sg], ;f]wk'5 u/L ;"rgf lng ;Sg] tYo -t/ aLdf k|:tfj ug]{n];e]{o/nfO{ tYo n'sfpg gx'g]_ aLdf k|:tfjsnfO{ yfxf g} gx'g] tYo jfcfkm\gf] 1fgeGbf aflx/sf] tYo h:tf s'/fx? o;cGtu{t kb{5g\ .

#= glhssf] ;DaGwsf] sf/0fsf] l;4fGtaLdf s/f/ x'Fbf s/f/ kIf laldt / lads b'j}nfO{ :ki6 x'g] u/L s'gs'ghf]lvd lj?4 aLdf ePsf] 5 ;f] ls6fg x'g' h?/L 5 . ;f] ePdf dfqb'j} kIfsf] s/f/ k|ltsf] wf/0ff v'n:t x'G5 . aLdfsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg]bfloTj aLdf s/f/df ls6fg ul/Psf] hf]lvdsf] 36gfsf] glhssf]sf/0fdf dfq lge{/ /xG5 . of] lghL{jg aLdfdf nfu' x'g] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{l;4fGt xf] . cfunfuL ePdf dfq Ifltk"lt{ lbg] egL ul/Psf] s/f/dfaf9Laf6 3/ gf]S;fg ePdf ;f] Ifltk"lt{ x'Fb}g . aLdf s/f/df aLdf ePsfhf]lvd, aLdf gul/Psf] jf gx'g] ckjfb k/]sf hf]lvd Pjd+ cGo hf]lvd;a} pNn]v ePsf x'G5g\ . cGo :jtGq Ifltsf] sf/0f geO{ d'Vo aLdful/Ps} hf]lvdaf6 Iflt x'g'kb{5 eGg] of] l;4fGtsf] p2]Zo xf] .

hLjg aLdftkm{ klg hLjg aLdf u/fOPsf] JolQmsf] d[To' x'gfsf] sf/0fckjfbdf k/]sf hf]lvdaf6 ePsf] 5 5}g vf]hL ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 .

$= Ifltk"lt{sf] l;4fGtaLdf hf]lvd x:tfGt/0f u/L aLdf ul/Psf] hf]lvdaf6 ePsf] Ifltk"lt{lng] sfo{ ePsfn] of] l;4fGt aLdfsf] s]Gb|ljGb' dflgG5 . IfltkZrft\laldtnfO{ cfly{s ?kn] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg u/L ;fljss} cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg'o; l;4fGtsf] sfo{ xf] . aLdf Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ d'gfkmf ug]{ s/f/ xf]Og/ o;nfO{ To; cy{df a'em\g' klg x'Fb}g . laldtsf] aLdf x'g] ljifoj:t'pk/ /x]sf] lxtsf] aLdf ul/Psfn] aLdfof]Uo lxt / Ifltk"lt{ aLrsf]ulx/f] ;DaGw sfod /xG5 . Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kbf{ laldtsf] p;sf] lxt-df}lb|s d'Nodf dfkg x'g] u/L_ eGbf a9L x'g] u/L Ifltk"lt{ lbg' x'Fb}g .

hLjg aLdftkm{ of] l;4fGt nfu' x'Fb}g tfklg 3'dfp/f] kf/fdf o;l;4fGtsf] k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 . JolQmsf] hLjg df}lb|s d'Nodf dfkg ug{;lsGg / cd"No x'G5 t/ cfkm\gf] aLdf z'Ns a'emfpg] Ifdtfn] ls6fgu/L vl/b u/]sf] aLdfn]v /sd g} Ifltk"lt{sf] xb x'ghfG5 . oxL

aLdf lrgf/L !%

JofVofn] Ifltk"lt{sf] l;4fGt hLjg aLdfdf ;d]t nfu' ePsf] dflgG5 .;f]xL u/L lghL{jgtkm{ sf/f]af/ x'g] JolQmut b'3{6gf aLdf ;d]tdfhLjg aLdfdf nfu' x'g] JofVof g} sfod /xG5 .

lghL{jg aLdf s/f/df ladsn] lbg] Ifltk"lt{sf] afrf cfkm\gf] cwLgdfdfq x'g] u/L gubdf lbg], dd{t ul/lbg], ;§fegf{ ul/lbg] eGg]h:tfefiff k|of]u u/]sf] x'G5 . laldtn] Ifltk"lt{sf] dfWod lads;Fu u/]sf]s/f/sf cfwf/df g} x'G5 . To;afx]ssf] cGo dfWodsf nflu p;n]ladsnfO{ s/ ug{ kfpFb}g . hLjg aLdfdf gubdf bfaL e'QmfgL x'G5 .

lghL{jg aLdfsf] lsl;d x]/L Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ubf{ x|f; s§L -laldtn];DklQ k|of]u u/]sf] cjlw u0fgf u/L_, laldtn] olt /sd;Ddsf] bfjLulb{g egL clu|d sjf]n u/]sf] /sd, aLdf ubf{ ug'{kg]{ jf:tljs ahf/d"NoeGbf Go"g /sddf ;DklQ aLdf u/]sf] eP ;f] Go"g aLdf cg';f/k|ltzt s§L tyf ;DklQsf] cjz]if (Salvage) p7\g ;Sg] eP ;f] s§Lu/]/ dfq Ifltk"lt{ lbg] sfo{ x'G5 .

dfly pNn]lvt Go"g aLdfnfO{ JofVof ug]{ efiff h:t} …o; aLdfn]vcGtu{t aLdf ul/Psf] ;DklQ Iflt x'Fbfsf] avt jf cj:yf 3f]liftd"NoeGbf ahf/ d"No a9L ePdf a9L d"No a/fa/sf] /sdsf] hf]lvdlaldt :jod\n] axg u/]sf] dfgL ;f]xL cg';f/ kg{ kfpg] ;dfg'kflts/sd laldtn] a]xf]g'{kg]{5Ú egL pNn]v x'G5 . o;df j}slNks Joj:yfsfnflu ljsNkjf]ws efiff klg k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 . o:tf] j}slNks efiff;DklQ aLdfdf k|of]u ul/G5 . hLjg aLdfsf] Ifltk"lt{ jf cGo e'QmfgLgubdf dfq x'G5 / cGo s'g} /sd s§L ul/Fb}g .

%= k|Tof;gsf] l;4fGtIfltk"lt{sf] l;4fGtdf pNn]v Iflt eP cg';f/ laldtnfO{ cfly{s ?kn]Ifltk"lt{ lbO{ ;fljss} cj:yfdf k'¥ofOlbg'kb{5 . aLdf gfkmf ug]{ s/f/gePsf] x'Fbf Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kbf{ laldtsf] lxteGbf a9L Ifltk"lt{ lbg'x'Fb}g . s'g} ;dodf o:tf] kl/l:ylt kg{;S5 hxfF laldltn] lads afx]scGo ;|f]taf6 Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug{ kfpg] 7fpF /xG5 . laldtsf] ;DklQxfgL gf]S;fgL ug{df csf]{ t];|f] JolQm sfg'g adf]lhd lhDd]jf/ ePdfp;n] Ifltk"lt{ eg'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ dflysf] Ifltk"lt{ l;4fGt cg';f/ laldt

!^ aLdf lrgf/L

;fljss} cj:yfdf /xg'kg]{ x'Fbf b'j}lt/af6 Iflt lng ldNb}g, ladsaf6Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u/]kl5 t];|f] kIfaf6 c;'n x'g] Ifltk"lt{sf] lgldQ sf/afxLug]{ clwsf/ ladsnfO{ ;'lDkg' kb{5 . lads laldtn] lbPsf] clwsf/af6clwsf/ ;DkGg x'g'nfO{ k|Tof;g elgG5 cyf{t\ laldtsf] :yfgdf ladsa:g] clwsf/ k|Tof;g x'G5 . o;df Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmsf] :jfldTjclwsf/ / pkrf/ sfd sf/afxLsf nflu kfpg' k|Tof;g xf] . pbfx/0fsf]nflu s'g} t];|f] kIfsf sf/0faf6 laldtsf] ;DklQsf] xflg gf]S;fgL u/fpg]kIfaf6 c;'n pk/ u/fpg] sfo{ ub{5 . k|Tof;gsf] Joj:yf cGtu{tladsn] kfpg] xsdf s]xL aGb]hx? klg /x]sf x'G5g\ . Ifltk"lt{sf]l;4fGtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] Go"g aLdfsf] lx;fa eO{ sd Ifltk"lt{ ul/Psf]dft];|f] kIfaf6 Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ePdf aLdssf] k|Tof;gn] lkmtf{ kfpg] /sdcfkm"n] lt/]sf] Iflt"klt{ /sd;Dd dfq ;Lldt x'G5, afFsL km/s /sdlaldtn] g} lng kfpg] x'G5 cyf{t\ ;x aLdfsf] k|of]u eO{ jf aLdfn]vdfpNn]v u/]sf] laldtn] cfkm}+ Iflt a]xf]g]{ egL ls6fg u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]s§L u/L bfaL /sd ladsaf6 kfPkl5 cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6 jf t];|f] kIfaf6/sd c;'nL ePdf o;/L k"j{s§L ePsf] km/s /sd laldtn] g} cfkm}+/fVg kfpF5 . ladsn] lnPdf p;nfO{ gfkmf x'g] x'Fbf aLdfsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;f] sfo{ ug{ ladsn] kfpFb}g .

ladsn] aLdfn]v cGtu{t bfloTj :jLsf/ gu/L laldt;Fusf] Jofkfl/s;DaGwnfO{ dWogh/ u/L cg'u|xsf ?kdf Ifltk"lt{ u/]sf]df k|Tof;gsf]clwsf/ /xFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ Ifltk"lt{sf] l;4fGt g} kfngf gul/Psf]jf gePsf] cj:yf dflgG5 . laldtdf /x]sf] clwsf/ g} ladsdf ;g]{ePsf] / ladsn] ;f]em} t];|f] kIf;Fu sf/afxL ug{ gkfpg] ePsfn]ladsn] k|Tof;gsf] bkmf aLdfn]vdf /fvL ladsnfO{ bfaL c;'n sfo{df;xof]u k'¥ofpg] st{Jo jf]w u/fPsf] x'G5 . …laldt o; aLdfn]vcGtu{t Ifltk"lt{ e'QmfgL k|fKt ubf{ ;f] Iflt xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] cGo s'g}kIfaf6 Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] /x]sf] 5 eg] To:tf] Ifltk"lt{ k|fKtclwsf/ ladsnfO{ ;'Dkg'kg]{5 . ladsaf6 Ifltk"lt{ kfpg' cufj} jf kl5h'g;'s} avt klg jf ;f] ug{ ladsn] dgfl;j / cfjZos b]v]sf]sfdsf/afxL ladssf] vr{df laldtn] ug'{kg]{5 jf ;f] ug{ ladsnfO{cg'dlt lbg'kg]{5 .Ú of] lghL{jg aLdfsf] Joj:yf xf] . k|Tof;gsf]l;4fGtnfO{ Ifltk"lt{sf] l;4fGtsf] ;xfos jf ;xl;4fGt dflgG5 .

aLdf lrgf/L !&

hLjg aLdf u/]afkt xsjfnfn] ladsaf6 Ifltk"lt{ kfP o:tf] /sddfladssf] xs nfUb}g . hLjg aLdfn]vdf eg] k|Tof;gsf] bkmf g}/flvPsf] x'Fb}g .

^= of]ubfgsf] l;4fGto; l;4fGtnfO{ klg Ifltk"lt{sf] l;4fGtsf] ;xfos jf ;xl;4fGtcGtu{t lnOPsf] 5 . Pp6} ;DklQsf] aLdf csf]{ jf bf];|f] aLdf sDkgLdfklg u/fPsf] / Ifltk"lt{ Pp6f aLdf sDkgL;Fu dfu ul/Psf] cj:yfcfPdf csf]{ aLdf sDkgLn] aLdfz'Ns a'em]sf] eP klg bfloTjaf6 cnux'g] l:ylt x'G5 . b'j} aLdf sDkgLx?af6 laldtn] k'gM Ifltk"lt{ k|fKtug]{ ePdf Ifltk"lt{sf] l;4fGtsf] kfng geO{ d'gfkmfsf] l:ylt /xgk'U5 .

of]ubfgsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;dfg'kflts lsl;dn] ladsx? aLr xfgLgf]S;fgL afF8kmfF8 ul/G5 . s/f/ jf aLdfn]vdf kl/l:yltsf] jf]wu/fpg of] bkmf /flvPsf] x'G5 .

…aLdf ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL laldt jf c? s'g} JolQmn] ;f]xL;DklQ c?;Fu klg aLdf u/fPsf] /x]5 eg] ladsn] ;f] ;DklQsf] nflugf]S;fgL ePsf] ;dfg'kflts ?kn] lbg'kg]{ Ifltk"lt{eGbf a9L lbg] 5}gÚ eGg]zt{ lghL{jg aLdftkm{sf] ;DklQsf] aLdfn]vdf pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 .

of]ubfgsf] l;4fGt k|of]u jf kfngf ug'{kbf{ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L Ifltk"lt{nfu" x'g] u/L aLdfn]vx? hf/L ePsf], ;a} aLdfn]vdf Pp6} zt k|ltzt jfcf+lzs k|ltzt aLdfof]Uo lxtsf] pkl:ylt ePsf], ;a} aLdfn]vdf Pp6}hf]lvdn] Iflt pTkGg ePsf], ;a} aLdfn]vsf] aLdfsf] ljifoj:t' Pp6} ePsf]/ ;a} aLdfn]vn] bfloTj jxg ug'{kg]{ ePsf] cj:yf b]lvg' kb{5 .

bf]xf]/f] aLdf vr{sf] b[li6sf]0fn] klg Jojxf/df sd} dfq nfu' ePsf]x'G5 . w]/} d"Nosf] ;DklQ aLdfdf clu|d ;xdlt cg';f/ cf–cfkm\gf]lx:;f s6fg u/L ;xaLdf x'g;Sb5, h;df Iflt ePdf ladsx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] bfloTj ;sf/]sf] lx:;f cg';f/ bfjL e'QmfgL ub{5g\ . hLjgaLdfdf of]ubfgsf] l;4fGt nfu' x'Fb}g .

aLdf Joj;fosf lsl;d

!* aLdf lrgf/L

tkfO{+ aLdf ug{ rfxg'x'G5 jf aLdfsf ljifodf s]xL hfGg rfxg'x'G5 eg]aLdfsf s] s:tf k|sf/ 5g\ eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg' cfjZos x'G5 .aLdfcGtu{t d"ntM tLg k|sf/sf aLdf kb{5g\ .

!= hLjg aLdf Joj;fo

@= lghL{jg aLdf Joj;fo

#= k'gaL{df Joj;fo

hLjg aLdfhLjg aLdfsf af/]df tkfO{+n] kSs} s]xL g s]xL ;'Gg'ePsf] xf]nf, cyjfaLdf ljifodf ul/Psf] lj1fkg klg k9\g' jf ;'Gg'ePsf] xf]nf . cemkl/jf/df tkfO{+ jf cGo ;b:ox?sf] aLdf klg ul/Psf] xf]nf . o;/LaLdfsf ljifodf rrf{ x'Fbf klg aLdf eg]sf] s] xf] < egL 5nkmn u/]sf5f}+ t < aLdfnfO{ s;}n] s/ 36fpg k|of]u ul/g] k};fsf] ?kdf a'em\5f}+eg] s;}n] eljiosf nflu ;l~rt wgsf ?kdf klg a'em\5f}+ . jf:tjdfhLjgdf aLdf eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] ga'emL aLdf ug'{ cfkm}+ cGof}ndf kg'{ xf]To;f] eP hLjg aLdf s] xf] t <

hLjg aLdf hf]lvd sd u/fpg] jf Joj:yfkg ug]{ Pp6f pkfo xf] .hLjg aLdf lglZrt cjlwsf nflu aLdf sDkgL / JolQmsf aLrul/Psf] Ps k|sf/sf] cfly{s ;Demf}tf xf] . o;df JolQmn] lglZrt;do, cjlw jf jif{ tf]sL ;Demf}tf ub{5 / ;Demf}tf ug]{ JolQmn] cfkm"jf cfkm\gf] k|ltlglw dfkm{t aLdf sDkgLsf ;Ldf jf zt{x?sf] cwLgdf/xL sfo{ ub{5 / aLdf sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] zt{cg';f/sf sfo{ k"/f ug]{jfrf ub{5 . aLdfsf] If]qdf aLdf ug]{ sDkgLnfO{ lads, aLdf ug]{JolQmnfO{ laldt / dfWod k|ltlglwnfO{ clestf{ elgG5 .

hLjg aLdfsf nflu cjlw tf]lsPkl5 laldtn] l;+uf] cjlwe/sf nflu;Demf}tfg';f/sf] slt /sdsf] aLdf ug]{ ;f] s'/f lglZrt ub{5, ;f]/sdnfO{ aLdfsf] efiffdf aLdf+s elgG5 . slt /sdsf] aLdf ug]{ eGg]s'/fsf] lg0f{o laldtn] ug'{kb{5 .

aLdf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd hLjg aLdf Joj;fo eGgfn] s'g} vf; /sdlt/]df s'g} JolQmsf] hLjg ;DaGwdf lghsf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf jf

aLdf lrgf/L !(

lghsf] cfo'sf] cfwf/df ls:tfjGbLdf a'emfpg] u/L s'g} vf; /sdlt/]df lghn] jf lghsf] xsjfnfn] s'g} vf; /sd kfpg] u/L ul/g]s/f/ ;DaGwL Joj;fo ;Demg'kb{5 .

aLdf ug]{ k|lqmofsf] k|f/De aLdfsf] k|:tfj kmf/d tyf JolQmut :jf:Yo;DaGwL ljj/0faf6 x'G5 . o:tf kmf/fdx? ;DalGwt aLdf sDkgLx?af6lng'kb{5 . tL kmf/fdx? aLdf ug]{ JolQm :jod\ jf aLdf clestf{dfkm{t\ k]; ug{ ;lsg]5 . oL kmf/fdx?df ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fx?nfO{ljZn]if0f u/L aLdfsf] k|:tfjnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ x'g]÷gx'g] ladsn] lg0f{oub{5 . k|:tfj :jLsf/ ePdf klxnf] ls:tf aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgL u/]kl5aLdf k|f/De x'G5 . aLdf :jLsf/ ePkl5 aLdf ;DaGwL zt{ ;'ljwf;lxtsf sfuhft aLdf sDkgLn] laldtnfO{ lbG5 . o:tf sfuhftnfO{aLdfn]v elgG5 . aLdfz'Ns a'emfpgsf] nflu klg ;do tf]lsPsf]x'G5 . of] ;do Ps d'i7 jflif{s, cw{jflif{s, q}dfl;s jf dfl;s klgx'g;S5 . laldtnfO{ h:tf] jf h;/L ;'ljwf x'G5 ToxL cfwf/dfaLdfsf] ls:tf a'emfpg ;lsG5 .

hLjg aLdf s'g} JolQm jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ;'/Iffsf nflu ul/G5 .aLdfsf] cjlw ;lsPkl5 lghsf] aLdfn]vdf tf]lsPsf] /sd / pQm cjlwdfk|fKt x'g] cltl/Qm /sd ;d]t Psd'i6 /sd k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k|fKtx'g] cltl/Qm /sdnfO{ aLdfsf] efiffdf af]g; elgG5 .

dflg;sf] hLjgdf cg]s k|sf/sf ljklQ cfpF5g\ . oL ljkQLdWo] ;a}eGbf7"nf] ljklQ d[To' xf] . /f]u Joflw, b'3{6gf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] dflg;sf]csfn d[To' x'g;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf d[tssf] kl/jf/nfO{ cfly{s 6]jflbg] dfWod aLdf aGb5 . aLdf u/]sf] ;dofjlwleq laldtsf] d[To' ePdflaldtn] OR5fPsf] JolQm jf sfg'gn] glhssf] xsbf/ 7x¥ofPsf]JolQm÷JolQmx?nfO{ aLdfn]vdf tf]lsPsf] aLdf+s /sd / pQm cjlw;Dddfcfh{g ePsf] af]g; ;d]t hf]8L ladsn] Psd'i6 /sd k|bfg ub{5 .

hLjg aLdf Joj;fosf] k|sf/dflg;sf] hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt hf]lvdsf] lj?4 ul/g] aLdfnfO{ hLjgaLdf elgG5 . hLjg aLdfn] ljklQ k/]sf] v08df cfly{s ?kn] ;'/Iffk|bfg ub{5 . aLdf of]hgf bL3{sfnLg ?kdf art ug]{ tl/sf klg xf] .

@) aLdf lrgf/L

hLjg aLdf u/]sf] dflg;sf] d[To' eof] eg] To;avt aLdf afktsf] /sdkfOG5 / bL3{hLjL eO{ a'9];sfn;Dd afFr] klg Psd'i7 jf k6sk6s u/Llgoldt ?kdf /sd kfOG5 . hLjg aLdf ug{sf nflu hLjg aLdfsDkgL;Fu aLdf s/f/ ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] s/f/ hlt;'s} jif{sf] x'g;Sg] ePklg ;fdfGotofM s/f/ Go"gtd % jif{sf] x'G5 . aLdfz'Ns slt nfUg] eGg]osLg aLdf ug]{ JolQmsf] pd]/, aLdf+s /sd, :jf:Yo;DaGwL cj:yfcflbsf cfwf/df ul/G5 . laldtsf] d[To' x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf hlt a9L eof]plt w]/} aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;df aLdfz'Ns Psd'i6 jfk6s k6s u/L e'QmfgL ug]{ aLdfsf] k|sf/df jflif{s, q}dfl;s, dfl;s?kdf laldtsf] OR5fcg';f/ e'QmfgL ug{ ;lsG5 .

aLdf u/]afkt kfpg] ;'ljwf aLdfsf] k|sf/ cg';f/ km/s x'G5 .;dfGotM ljldtaf6 k|fKt ePsf] aLdfz'Nssf] ;§fdf aLdf sDkgLn]aLdf cjlw;Dd laldt hLljt /x]df p;nfO{ g} jf aLdf cjlwleqlaldtsf] d[To' ePdf p;sf sfg'g adf]lhd xsjfnfnfO{ k"j{ lglZrt/sd Psd'i6 ?kdf e'Qmflg lbg] u/L laldt / aLdf sDkgLaLrePsf] s/f/ kqnfO{ aLdfn]v elgG5 . aLdf sDkgLaf6 laldt afFlr/x]sf]cj:yfdf lghn] ls:tfjGbL ?kdf a'emfPsf] aLdfz'Nssf] afkt tf]lsPsf]k"j{ lgwf{l/t /sd ljdsn] cfh{g u/]sf] d'gfkmfaf6 af]g;;lxtp;nfO{ e'QmfgL ul/G5 / olb lghsf] d[To' aLdf cjlwleq ePdflghn] cf+lzs aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgL u/]sf] eP tfklg lghsf] xsjfnfnfO{k"j{lglZrt aLdf+s /sd af]g;;lxt Psd'i6 ?kdf k|fKt x'G5 .dfgjLo hLjgdf hLjg aLdfsf] lgs} 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . hLjgaLdfn] cfly{s ;'/Iff, nufgL tyf artsf] cj;/ lbg'sf ;fy} k'FhLlgdf{0f, s/df 5'6 / dfgl;s zflGth:tf ;'ljwf k|bfg ub{5 .To;}n] hLjg aLdf clgjfo{ art Pj+ cfl>tx?sf] enfOsf] Joj:yfx'g] pQd pkfo xf] .

hLjg aLdfnfO{ d"n ?kdf b]xfoadf]lhd juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5-s_ cfhLjg hLjg aLdf-v_ ;fjlws hLjg aLdf-u_ DofbL hLjg aLdf-3_ PGo'6L aLdf

aLdf lrgf/L @!

-s_ cfhLjg hLjg aLdfPp6f lglZrt aLdfz'Ns lgwf{l/t cjlw;Dd ls:tfaGbL ?kdf ladsnfO{a'emfpg] t/ aLdf+s /sd eg] laldtsf] d[To' kZrft\ dfq p;n] OR5fOPsf]jf xsjfnfn] kfpg] aLdfnfO{ cfhLjg hLjg aLdf elgG5 . o:tf] aLdfcGo aLdfx? eGbf ;:tf] x'G5 . cyf{t\ cfhLjg hLjg aLdf lnFbflaldtn] ;'?d} lglZrt ePsf] ldlt;Dd aLdfz'Ns ltb}{ hfg], ;do k'/fx'g' cufj} aLdfn]v lng]sf] d[To' ePdf To;kl5sf] aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgLug'{ gkg]{ eO{ cfl>tn] aLdf /sd k'/} kfpg] x'G5 . of] of]hgf cGtu{t;fjlws hLjg aLdf of]hgfdf h:tf] aLdf ug]{sf] cfkm\gf] hLjgsfndfaLdfsf] /sd kfpg] Joj:yf xf]Og . cfhLjg aLdf of]hgfnfO{ ;fjlwsjf DofbL hLjg aLdf of]hgfdf ladssf] lgodfg';f/ kl/jt{g ug{ klg;lsG5 . cfhLjg aLdf of]hgf ladssf] d'gfkmfdf ;l/s -af]g; kfpg]u/L_ eP/ jf geP/ b'j} cj:yfdf vl/b ug{ ;lsG5 .

-v_ ;fjlws hLjg aLdftf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd ls:tfaGbL ?kdf aLdfz'Ns ltg]{ / ;f] cjlwkl5 olblaldt hLljt 5 eg] p;}nfO{ / olb hLljt 5}g eg] p;sf xssfjfnfnfO{aLdf+s /sd / cflh{t af]g; -olb d'gkmfdf ;l/s x'g] u/L aLdf ul/Psf]ePdf_ k|bfg ul/g] hLjg aLdfnfO{ ;fjlws hLjg aLdf elgG5 . o:tf]aLdf ;fdfGotof kfFr jif{b]lv krf; jif{ cjlwsf] nflu ug]{ ul/G5 . o;aLdfcGtu{t aLdf cjlw afFsL /xFbf g} laldtsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf]xsjfnfnfO{ / lgh hLljt} /x]df cjlw ;lsPkl5 lghnfO{ g} aLdfsf] /sdk|bfg ul/G5 . of] aLdf ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx?df a9L k|rngdf /x]sf]kfOG5 . g]kfndf klg of] aLdf g} ;aeGbf w]/} k|rngdf /x]sf] 5 .

-u_ DofbL hLjg aLdfof] aLdf cGo hLjg aLdfx? eGbf leGg k|sf/sf] x'G5 . of] aLdf;fdfGotM C0fL / cf;fdLaLr C0f cjlw e/sf nflu ul/G5 / aLdf+ssfod ubf{ C0f /sd d'n ;fjfF Psd'i7 ?kdf C0f cjlw -efsfsf]Dofb_ k'u]kl5 a'emfpg] ePdf aLldt -C0fL_ sf] d[To' ePdf Psd'i7 /olb C0f /sd C0fLn] ls:tfaGbLdf ;fjfF Aofh b'j} e'QmfgL ub}{ hfg]eP ltg{ afFsL /sd dfqnfO{ aLdf+s dfgL C0fL jf laldtsf] d[To' ePsf]v08df pQm /sd dfq ladsn] ;fx'nfO{ e'QmfgL ub{g . C0fL hLljt}@@ aLdf lrgf/L

eP klg lghn] s'g} /sd lkmtf{ kfpFb}g . aLdf+s /sd g36L Psd'i7ltg'{ kg]{nfO{ ;dtn DofbL hLjg aLdf / aLdf+s 36b} hfg]nfO{x|f;s§L DofbL hLjg aLdf elgG5 . of] aLdf d'gfkmfdf ;l/s x'g] u/Lvl/b ug{ ;lsFb}g .

pk/f]Qm d'ntM tLg k|sf/sf aLdfn]vx?df ljleGg kmfObfx? yk,;dfj]z tyf kl/dfh{g (modified) u/L ljleGg gfdn] aLdfn]vx?ljdsx?n] lgodg lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|rngdf NofPsf x'G5g\ .afnaRrfx?sf nflu ul/g] hLjg aLdf, gub lkmtf{ hLjg aLdf,;fjlws / cfhLjg ;ld>0f ul/Psf] hLjgaLdf cflb o;sf s]xLpbfx/0f x'g\ .

-3_ PGo'6L aLdflglZrt cjlwe/ aLdfz'Ns lt/L aLdf cjlw ;dfKt ePkZrft\ dfl;s,q}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s jf jflif{s ?kdf hLjg ko{Gt jf lglZrt cjlw;Dd k]G;g;/x cfDbfgL lng] b[li6sf]0faf6 ul/g] aLdfnfO{ PGo'6L aLdf elgG5 .

lghL{jg aLdf Joj;fosf] k|sf/lghL{jg aLdf klg lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu ul/g] ;Demf}tf xf] . o;dfaLdf sDkgL / aLdf ug]{ JolQmsf aLr ;Demf}tf x'G5 . o:tf ;Demf}tfnfO{klg k|rlnt efiffdf s/f/ elgG5 . s/f/ ubf{ tf]lsPsf] lglZrtcjlwleq aLdf ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL jf JolQm cflbsf]d[To' jf c+ue+u ePdf aLdf+ssf] kl/lwdf /xL jf:tljs ?kdf slt xfgLgf]S;fgL ePsf] xf], To;sf] cfwf/df aLdf sDkgLn] ;DalGwt kIfnfO{Ifltk"lt{sf ?kdf e'QmfgL ub{5 .

lghL{jg aLdf ;DklQsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL / bfloTjsf] hf]lvdaf6 d'Qmx'gsf nflu ul/g] s/f/ xf] . o;df laldt sDkgL jf JolQmn] aLdful/;s]kl5 b'j} xfgL gf]S;fgL jf hf]lvdaf6 d'lQm k|fKt ub{5 . o:tf]aLdfdf aLdf ul/Psf] cjlwdf s'g} xfgL gf]S;fgL jf b'3{6gf gePdfaLdf sDkgLn] s'g} /sd ltg'{kb}{g .

lghL{jgsf] tfTko{ hLjg aLdf afx]ssf] eGg] xf] . o;/L x]bf{ lghL{jgzAbn] hLjg gePsf] zAbnfO{ hgfpF5 . ;fdfGo cy{df o;n] ;DklQ /bfloTj ;DaGwL ljifonfO{ af]w u/fpF5 tfklg o;n] dfgj hLjgsf] s]xL

aLdf lrgf/L @#

c+znfO{ klg ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu JolQmut jf ;fd'bflos?kdf b'3{6gf aLdfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o;df hLjg aLdfsf] k|s[lteGbfcnUu} Joj:yf adf]lhd aLdf s/f/ ePsf] x'G5 . o;sf] aLdfsf]ljifoj:t' JolQm -sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L_ x'G5g\ .

lghL{jg aLdf Joj;fonfO{ aLdf lgodfjnL, @)$( adf]lhd lgDgcg';f/ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M!= clUg aLdf (Fire Insurance)

@= ;fd'lb|s aLdf (Marine Insurance)

#= xjfO{ aLdf (Aviation Insurance)

$= df]6/ aLdf (Motor Insurance)

%= OlGhlgol/ª tyf 7]s]bf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdf (Engineering &Contractors Risks Insurance)

^= ljljw aLdf (Miscellaneous Insurance)

!= clUg aLdfg]kfnL zAb;fu/n] tftf] aNg] Hjfnf jf Hjfnf ag]/ k|s6 x'g]zlQmk'GhnfO{ clUg egL kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f af]nrfnsf]efiffdf …clUgÚ jf …cfuf]Ú zAbn] Jofks cy{nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 tfklgaLdfsf] tfTko{df k|of]u x'g] clUg zAbsf] cy{ eg] ;+s'lrt /x]sf] 5 .aLdfsf ;Gbe{df Hjfnf k|:km'l6t eO{ b'3{6gf x'g'nfO{ clUg elgG5 .o;/L x]bf{ b'3{6gfjz Hjfnf lg:s]/ b'3{6gf ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ g}clUg elgG5 eg] o:tf] cj:yfdf pQm hf]lvdaf6 x'g] cfly{s Ifltsf]Ifltk"lt{ kfpg ul/g] aLdfnfO{ …clUg aLdfÚ elgG5 . clUg aLdfdfvf; ljifoj:t'sf] b'3{6gfsf] /Iffj/0f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf aLdf cjlwleqcfuf] nflu aLdfsf] To; j:t'df xfgL gf]S;fgL ePdf Ifltk"lt{ lbOG5 .o;/L clUgaf6 Iflt x'Fbf Ifltk"lt{sf nflu aLdf ug]{ JolQm / aLdfsDkgLsf aLrdf ul/g] s/f/nfO{ …clUg aLdfÚ elgG5 / clUg aLdfdful/Psf] s/f/sf] k|df0fnfO{ clUg aLdfn]v elgG5 . o; aLdf n]vdfaLdf ul/Psf] ljifoj:t'sf] af/]df ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fx? pNn]v ul/Psf]@$ aLdf lrgf/L

x'G5 . To;} u/L o; aLdfn]v dfkm{t\ j:t'sf] /Iffj/0f ul/Psf] cjlwtyf /Iffj/0f x'g] / gx'g] hf]lvdsf cj:yfx? klg k|i6 ?kdfn]lvPsf] x'G5 . clUg aLdfdf x'g] cfunfuLsf If]qleq d'Votof oLb'O{ s'/fx? x'g' clgjfo{ x'G5 .

-s_ cfunfuL b'3{6gfjz ePsf] x'g'kb{5cfuf]sf] k|of]u sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/]/ ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu vfgfksfpg] r'nf] aflnG5 eg] kfp/f]6L tof/ kfg{ e§Ldf cfuf] aflnG5 .vfgf ksfpgsf] nflu aflng] cfuf]af6 vfgf 89]sf] l:ylt clUgaLdfsf] If]qleq kb}{g lsgeg] vfgf agfpg aflng] cfuf] :jfefljs?kdf k|of]u ul/g] cfuf] xf] . To;}u/L e§Ldf cfuf] a9L eO{ kfp/f]6La9L 89]df klg clUg aLdfn] To;nfO{ ;d6\b}g . t/ vfgf ksfpgcfuf] jf kfp/f]6L kf]Ng cfuf] cfkm\gf ;Ldf aflx/ uO{ b'3{6gf, Iflt jfgf]S;fgL x'g uPdf cfuf] pTkGg ePsf] -89]/ gi6 ePsf] vfgf, efF8fcflb_ ;fdfgsf] gf]S;fgL afx]ssf] cGo ;a} xfgL gf]S;fgL IfltnfO{clUg aLdfn] ;d]6\g] sfo{ ub{5 .

-v_ cfuf]sf] Hjfnf k|:km'l6t ePsf] x'g'kb{5clUg aLdf ul/g] sfo{ cfuf]åf/f pTkGg ePsf] hf]lvd ePsfn] o;sf]Iflt cfuf]sf] Hjfnf k|:km'6g eP/ g} x'g'kb{5 t/ Hjfnf]sf] k|:km'6glaldtsf] 3/ pBf]u jf cGo kl/;/leq x'g'k5{ eGg] x'Fb}g . jfXo clUg;Ns]/, ljB't\ jf 8F9]nf] tyf ljljw k|sf/sf] eljtJosf] sf/0fn];DklQdf x'g hfg] cfunflu;d]t clUg aLdfsf] If]qleq kb{5g\ . aLdfsf]rng cg';f/ clUg aLdf s/f/df e"sDk, af9L, cfFlwa]x/Lh:tf cGohf]lvd P]lR5s ?kdf ;dfj]z x'g ;Sb5 .

@= ;fd'lb|s -dfu{:y ;fdfg_ aLdfdfn ;fdfg Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf nfg] qmddf ;8s dfu{, /]n dfu{,xjfO{ dfu{ jf ;fd'lb|s dfu{dWo] s'g} Ps jf s]xL jf ;a} dfu{ k|of]u ug{;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu sf7df8f}+af6 lj/f6gu/ ;fdfg k7fpFbf ;8sdfu{af6 klg k7fpg ;lsG5 / ;8s tyf xjfO{ u/L b'j} dfu{ k|of]u u/]/

aLdf lrgf/L @%

klg k7fpg ;lsG5 . cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfndf ;fdfg NofpFbf ;8s dfu{,;fd'lb|s dfu{, xjfO{ dfu{ jf /]ndfu{sf] klg k|of]u x'G5 . o;/L oLljleGg dfu{x? k|of]u u/L ;fdfg NofP tfklg ;fdfg cf];f/k;f/ ul/+bfx'g] Ifltaf6 hf]lug ul/g] aLdfnfO{ ;fd'lb|s aLdf elgG5 .

#= xjfO{ aLdfxjfO{ oftfoftsf] If]q klg hf]lvdaf6 d'Qm If]q xf]Og . xjfO{ hxfh;~rfng ul//xFbf ljleGg k|sf/sf] Iflt / gf]S;fgL x'g] vt/f /lx/xG5 .pbfx/0fsf nflu xjfO{hxfh b'3{6gf jf Pscfk;df 7f]lSsg] cj:yfnfO{lng ;lsG5 . To;} u/L xjfO{ hxfhsf ofqL, dfn;fdfg / rfnsbnsf ;b:o cflbnfO{ klg Iflt k'Ug ;S5 . To:t} xjfO{ b'3{6gfn]c?sf] ;DklQ Pjd\ dfgj hLjgdf Iflt k'Ug ;S5 / To;sf] klgIfltk"lt{ eg'{kg]{ bfloTj x'G5 . o;/L xjfO{ hxfh jf To; xjfO{hxfhsf sf/0f wg, ;fdfg cflbdf x'g] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{sfnflu ul/g] aLdfnfO{ xjfO{ aLdf elgG5 .

$= df]6/ -;jf/L ;fwg_ aLdfdf]6/cGtu{t oflGqs zlQmåf/f ;8sdf u'8\g] ;jf/L ;fwgx?df]6/;fOsn, sf/ hLk, 6«s, a; 6«ofS6/ cflb kb{5g\ . oflGqszlQmn] rNg] eP klg /]n / l:6d/ df]6/ aLdfsf] kl/lw leq kb}{gg\ ./]n / l:6d/ ;8s geO{ kmnfd] lns / kfgLdf bf}8g] x'Fbf lognfO{df]6/ aLdfleq g;]ld6Psf] xf] . o;/L x]bf{ b'O{kf+u|] 6fo/ xfn]/ OGwgåf/frnfOg] ;fwgx? g} df]6/ aLdfcGtu{t cfpF5g\ eg] dflg;åf/f rnfOg]l/S;f / ;fOsn o;cGtu{t kb}{gg\ . oflGqs zlQmåf/f grNg] ePsfn]logLx? klg df]6/ aLdfsf] kl/lwleq gk/]sf x'g\ .

df]6/ aLdfsf k|sf/

df]6/ aLdfsf lgDg k|sf/ 5g\ M

!= clgjfo{ t];|f] kIfk|ltsf] bfloTj aLdfcfkm\gf] df]6/n] c?sf] df]6/, ;DklQ, a6'jf kG5L, rf}kfof cflbdf xfgLk'¥ofO Ifltk"lt{ u/L lbg'kg]{ bfloTjsf cj:yfaf6 hf]lug of] aLdf

@^ aLdf lrgf/L

ul/G5 . clgjfo{ t];|f] kIfk|ltsf] bfloTj aLdf;Fu tf]lsPsf] yk aLdfz'Nslt/]/ lgDg hf]lvdx? klg yk ug{ ;lsG5 .

-c_ clgjfo{ t];|f] kIfk|ltsf] bfloTj / aLdf ul/Psf] df]6/sf] rf]/L aLdf,

-cf_ clgjfo{ t];|f] kIfk|ltsf] bfloTj / aLdf ul/Psf] df]6/sf] clUghf]lvdaf6 x'g] Ifltk"lt{sf] aLdf,

-O_ clgjfo{ t];|f] kIfsf] bfloTj, laldtsf] df]6/sf] rf]/L / clUg aLdf,

-O{_ ofq'k|ltsf] bfloTj aLdf,

-p_ ;jf/L rfns tyf cGo sd{rf/Lsf] clgjfo{ aLdf .

@= Aofks -Kofs]h_ aLdfb'3{6gfsf] sf/0f cfkm\gf] df]6/df x'g] Iflt, b'3{6gf :ynaf6 df]6/tfGg] vr{, cfkm\gf] df]6/n] c?sf] df]6/, ;DklQ, a6'jf jf kG5L rf}kfofcflbnfO{ Iflt jf xfgL ePdf a]xf]g'{ kg]{ cfly{s gf]S;fgLaf6 hf]lug of]aLdf ul/G5 . Jofks -Kofs]h_ aLdf;Fu tf]lsPsf] yk aLdf z'Ns lt/]/lgDg hf]lvdx? klg yk ug{ ;lsG5M

-c_ ;jf/Lrfns tyf cGo sd{rf/Lsf] clgjfo{ aLdf

df]6/ tnaL rfns, kl/rfns tyf cGo sd{rf/LnfO{ nfUg;Sg]rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/ vr{, d[To' c+ue+u ePdf a]xf]g'{kg]{ cfly{s gf]S;fgLaf6aRg of] aLdf ul/G5 .

-cf_ ofq' aLdf

df]6/df ;jf/ ofq'nfO{ nfUg ;Sg] rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/ vr{, b'3{6gfsf]sf/0f ofq'sf] d[To' jf c+ue+u ePdf a]xf]g'{kg]{ bfloTjaf6 hf]lug of]aLdf ul/G5 .

%= OlGhlgol/ª tyf 7]s]bf/ ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdfOlGhlgol/ª aLdf / 7]s]bf/ ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdf leGg leGg k|s[ltsfaLdfx? x'g\ . sf/vfgfsf] ;~rfng jf s'g} sfd ;DkGg ug{sf nfluljleGg k|sf/sf] d]l;g / kf6{k"hf{ NofOG5 . To;} u/L h8fg, k/LIf0f/ rfn' ubf{sf] cj:yfdf klg ljleGg k|sf/sf] hf]lvdsf ;Defjgfx?

aLdf lrgf/L @&

/xG5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu d]l;g NofpFbf oftfoftsf] ;fwgdf r9fpg/ cf]/fNg] qmddf hf]lvd l;h{gf x'G5 eg] af6f]df klg ljleGg k|sf/sfhf]lvdsf ;Defjgf /xG5g\ . To;} u/L h8fg ubf{ / k/LIf0f ubf{d]l;gdf u8a8L cfpg / lj:kmf]6 ;d]t x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . o;/Ld]l;gsf] ;~rfng ug{ / To;sf] nflu k"jf{wf/ tof/ kfg{ / ;~rfngeO;s]kl5 x'g;Sg] xfgL gf]S;fgL tyf Ifltsf] Ifltk"lt{sf nflu ul/g]aLdfnfO{ OlGhlgol/ª aLdf elgG5 .

ljleGg lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] 7]s]bf/x?sf] sfdsf] k|s[lt ljleGgk|sf/sf x'G5g\ . tL sfdx?sf k|s[ltcg';f/ hf]lvd klg km/s km/sk|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . o;/L 7]s]bf/n] ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ jf cfof]hgf Pj+d]l;g÷cf}hf/df kg{;Sg] ;Defljt xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] Ifltk"lt{sf nfluul/g] aLdfnfO{ 7]s]/bf/ ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdf elgG5 . lgdf{0ffwLgof]hgfdf af9L, klx/f] jf cGo b'3{6gfaf6 Iflt x'g;S5 / lgdf{0ffwLgsfo{sf] uNtLn] bfloTj ;d]t l;h{gf x'g;S5 . o:tf ;Defljt gf]S;fgLaf6x'g] Ifltsf] nflu ul/g] aLdf g} 7]s]bf/ ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdf xf] .lgdf{0ffwLg :yndf sfd ug]{ dhb'/sf] nflu 5'§} aLdfsf] Joj:yf klg5 . o:tf] aLdf OlGhlgol/ª aLdf If]qdf 5'§} Joj:yf ldnfO{ b'3{6gfaLdf ul/G5 . o;nfO{ sfdbf/sf] Ifltk"lt{ aLdf elgG5 .

^= ljljw aLdfhLjgdf ;a}lt/ hf]lvdsf] ;Defjgf /lx/xG5 . clUg, df]6/, ;fd'lGb|s,OlGhlgol/ª tyf 7]s]bf/ ;Dk"0f{ / xjfO{ aLdf afx]s klg o:tf If]qx?5g\ hxfF hf]lvdsf] qf; /lx/xG5 . o:tf hf]lvd /x]sf] cGo If]qsf]aLdfx? klg k|rngdf /x]sf 5g\ . dflysf aLdfx? b}lgs hLjg /cfly{s hLjgdf Hofbf rng rNtLdf cfpg] x'Fbf tL hLjg / ;fwg Pj+sfdsf/afxLx?sf] cfwf/df k|rlnt aLdfnfO{ ToxLcg';f/ gfdfs/0f ul/Psf]5 tfklg ;dfhsf cGo If]qx?df klg xfgL gf]S;fgL eO/xG5 . k|rngcg';f/ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] afx]s cGo aLdf If]q klg sfod 5g\ . oL/ o:tf If]qdf ul/g] ;a} aLdfnfO{ oxfF ljljw aLdfcGtu{t /flvPsf] 5 .hLjg, ;dfh, cfly{s cj:yf / cGo cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df aLdfn]vsf]l;h{gf u/L cfjZostfcg';f/ aLdf ug]{ cj:yf ;w}+ /lx/xG5 / tL ;a}

@* aLdf lrgf/L

aLdfx?nfO{ ljljw aLdfcGtu{t /fvL aLdf ug]{ ul/G5 . h:t}M

JolQmut b'3{6gf aLdf

;fd"lxs b'3{6gf aLdf

dfu{:y aLdf -lj:t[t ;fd'lb|s aLdf afx]s_

t];|f]kIf bfloTj aLdf

sfdbf/sf] Ifltk"lt{ aLdf

ufx{:y aLdf -Kofs]hsf] ?kdf x'g]_

afnL tyf kz'kG5L aLdf

cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ aLdf

;]+wdf/L aLdf

a}+s;{sf] Ifltk"lt{ aLdf -Kofs]hsf] ?kdf x'g]_

lgi6f hdfgL aLdf .

o;sf If]q JolQmut hLjg, JolQmut :jf:Yo, ;DklQ / bfloTj, gubsf/f]af/ Pj+ kz'wg;Fu ;/f]sf/ eO{ Psn jf ;fd"lxs of]hgf aLdfug]{;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 .

x8tfn, x'nb+uf tyf ljWj+zfTds aLdfo:tf k|sf/sf hf]lvdx?sf] aLdf yk aLdf ;'/If0fsf] ?kdf ;DalGwtaLdfn]vdf cltl/Qm aLdfz'Ns lt/L ug{ ;lsg]5 . o:tf hf]lvd;d"xx?nfO{ ;DklQ÷;jf/L;fwg, JolQmut b'3{6gf -;fd'lxs b'3{6gfaLdf;d]t_ ufx{:y, ;]+wdf/L, a}+s;{ Ifltk"lt{ cflb aLdf If]qdf ;dfj]zug{ ;lsG5 .

#= k'gaL{dfaLdf Joj;fosf] hf]lvdnfO{ Joj:yfkg u/L cfly{s ef/ ljt/0f ug]{k|0ffnLo'Qm Joj;fo xf] . lads ljldtaf6 k]; ePsf aLdf k|:tfjx?:jLsf/ u/]/ aLdf Joj;fo ;~rfng ub{5 . ladsn] ljleGg s/f/adf]lhd -aLdfn]v adf]lhd_ ;sf/]sf] hf]lvdsf] ef/ cfkm\gf] cfly{sIfdtfcg'?k s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/sf] ;d"x kg{ ;Sg]

aLdf lrgf/L @(

cg'dflgt Iflt olsg u/L kg{ ;Sg] a9L Ifltsf] ef/ Joj:yfkg ug{]sfo{ k'gaL{df xf] . z'? s/f/ ug]{ laldtn] aLdfz'Ns a'emfPh:t}ladsn] csf]{ lads;Fu aLdf ubf{ k'gaL{dfz'Ns a'emfO{ hf]lvd x:tfGt/0fug]{ sfo{ g} k'gaL{df xf] .

k'gaL{df Joj;fo dfq ug]{ aLdf sDkgLnfO{ k'gaL{ds elgG5 . d"n aLdfsDkgL / k'gaL{df sDkgL aLr x'g] s/f/nfO{ k'gaL{df s/f/ elgG5 . aLdfu/fpg] aLdsnfO{ d"n (Ceding) sDkgL elgG5 eg] k'gaL{df ug]{sDkgLnfO{ k'gaL{ds (Reinsurer) elgG5 . k'gaL{df ug]{ sfo{ aLdfsDkgL aLr klg x'gS5 . xfn g]kfnL aLdf sDkgLx?n] g]kfnsf] k'gaL{dfsDkgL tyf ljZjsf ljleGg k'gjL{df sDkgL;Fu k'gaL{df u/fO/x]sf 5g\k'gaL{df ug]{ sfo{ aLdfsf] cGt/lgxLt cfjZos hf]lvd Joj:yfkg sfo{xf] / of] sfo{ ljZj aLdf ahf/df lg/Gt/ rln/xg] sfo{ k2lt xf] .

aLdf z'NsaLdf sDkgLn] laldtsf] hf]lvd u|x0f u/]afkt ljldt;Fu hf]lvdcg'?k z'Ns lng] ub{5 . To;nfO{ g} aLdfz'Ns (Premiun) elgG5 .aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f Pp6f hl6n k|fljlws ljifo xf] . hLjg aLdf z'Ns/ lghL{jg aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f ug]{ tl/sf km/s km/s x'G5g\ . g]kfndfaLdfb/ lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf aLdf ;ldlt cGtu{t ul7t aLdfb/ ;Nnfxsf/;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df aLdf ;ldltn] lghL{jg aLdftkm{ -clUg aLdf,df]6/ aLdf, ;fd'lxs aLdf_ tyf ;ldltn] aLdfª\sL (Actuary) sf]l;kmfl/;df hLjg aLdftkm{sf aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f ug]{ ub{5 .

hLjg aLdf z'NshLjg aLdf Joj;fodf aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f ljz'4 k|fljlws ljifo xf] .o;df aLdf ul/g] ljldtsf] k];fn] p;sf] hLjgnfO{ slt hf]lvdsf]l;h{gf ug]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 eGg] s'/f klxrfg ul/G5 . ljldtsf] :jf:Yocj:yf /fd|f] jf g/fd|f], pd]/ sd jf w]/} -a9L_ cflbn] JolQmut hLjgdfd[To'sf] ;Defjgf sltsf] 5 / ;fnfvfnf d[To' afkt sltsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg'knf{ ;f] olsg ug{ d[To'b/nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dflgG5 . o;} u/L aLdfsDkgLn] cfh{g ug]{ aLdfz'NsnfO{ nufgL u/]/ eljiodf slt k|ltkmnk|fKt x'G5 / slt /sd gfkmf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] k"jf{g'dfg ul/G5 .

#) aLdf lrgf/L

To;kl5 ;Defljt Iflt /sdsf] k'jf{g'dfg / aLdf Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ladssf] ;du| vr{ oL tLg cyf{t\ laldtsf] d[To'sf] ;Defjgfn] kg]{ bfaL;DaGwL cfFsng, lads;Fu /x]sf] gub jf ;DklQ Joj:yfkg / ;f]af6cfh{g x'g ;Sg] k|ltkmn / Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] nflu x'g] ;du| vr{sf]PsLs[t d"Nof+sg u/]/ aLdf ;ldltdf aLdfn]v;lxt k7fOG5 / ;ldltn]cfjZos cWoogkZrft\ h:tfsf] t:t} jf yk kl/dfh{g ug{ nufPkl5:jLs[lt k|bfg ul/G5 . oxfF ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ tYo s] 5 eg] aLdfz'Ns b/sf]lgwf{/0fdf d[To'b/sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] ePsfn] dflg;sf] pd]/ a9\g}hfFbf d[To'b/ klg pd]/ lkR5] km/s km/s x'g] ub{5 . pd]/ hlt a9\b}uof] aLdfz'Ns b/ ;d]t ;f]xL adf]lhd a9\b} hfG5 eg] cfo;|f]t, :jf:Yo;DaGwL cj:yf JolQmlkR5] km/s x'g] x'gfn] aLdf sDkgLn] aLdf k|:tfjul/Psf] JolQm cfddflg; eGbf a9L hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf ePdf ;f]xLhf]lvdnfO{ d"Nof+sg u/]/ oyf]lrt yk aLdfz'Ns ltg'{kg]{ x'G5 t/ ykaLdfz'Ns lt/] klg eljiodf kfpg] ;'ljwfdf eg] s'g} km/s x'Fb}g .

lghL{jg aLdf z'NslghL{jg aLdf z'Ns ;DaGwdf ljZjJofkL k|rng / ljutdf aLdf sDkgLdfk/]sf] bfaL;DaGwL cg'ejsf cfwf/df eljiosf nflu Joj:yfksLo vr{tyf oyf]lrt d'gfkmfsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ If]qut ?kdf cyf{taLdf Joj;fosf] k|s[ltcg';f/ h:t} clUg aLdfsf] nflu 5'§}, df]6/aLdfsf] nflu 5'§}, dfu{:y aLdfsf] nflu 5'§}, aLdfb/ lgb]{lzsf aLdf;ldltn] hf/L u/]sf] 5 . o;/L aLdf ;ldltn] lgb]{lzsfaf6 tf]lsPsf] b/nfO{ 6\ofl/km (Tarilf) dflgG5 / aLdf ;ldltaf6 lgb]{lzsf hf/L gu/LaLds :jo+n] lgwf{/0f ug]{ aLdf z'NsnfO{ gg\–6\ofl/km elgG5 .

aLdf ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?ljldtn] aLdf ubf{ ljleGg s'/fx?df Wofg lbg'kb{5 . s'/f ga'emL aLdfubf{ ljleGg emd]nfx? a]xf]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . laldtn] aLdf ubf{ lgDgs'/fx/df Wofg lbg'kb{5 M

s] slt cfjZostfn] aLdf ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] / aLdf u/]kl5 pQmp2]Zo k"/f x'G5 ls x'Fb}g ljZn]if0f u/L ;f] af/]df k|i6 x'g'kb{5 .

aLdf lrgf/L #!

aLdfn]vdf OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] af/]df k|i6 9+un] pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .

s'g} hf]lvd ;a}eGbf a9L ;DefJo -t/ clglZrt k|s[lt ljBdfgePsf]_ 5 / aLdf kZrft\ ;f] hf]lvd ;'/If0f x'G5 x'Fb}g ;f]sf]af/]df k"0f{ hfgsf/L x'g'kb{5 .

aLdf ubf{ aLdfsf] ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt x'g] tYox? n'sfpg' x'Fb}g .olb tYox? n'sfOPsf] 5 eg] ladsn] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ub}{g .

aLdf ubf{ aLdfz'Ns ltg{ ;lsG5 ls ;lsFb}g ;f] af/]df klg Wofgk'¥ofpg' kb{5 .

aLdf ul/;s]kl5 aLdfn]vdf plNnlvt ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f, ;t{, ;'ljwf/ cGo k|fjwfgx? xf]l;of/Lk"j{s k9\g'kb{5 . olb cfkm"n] rfx]adf]lhd ePsf] /x]g5 eg] ;DalGwt ljdsnfO{ ;Dks{ /fVg'kb{5 .

aLdfz'Ns a'emfpFbf, k|:tfj kmd{ ebf{ ;xof]u lnOg] JolQm -aLdfclestf{_ aLdf ;ldltaf6 cflwsfl/s ?kdf Ohfht kfPsf] xf]xf]Og ;f] x]/]/ dfq lghnfO{ ljZjf; ug'{kb{5 .

aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgL u/]kl5 clgjfo{ ?kdf gub a'em]sf] ekf{Olng'kb{5 / ;f] ;bfsf] nflu ;'/lIft /fVg'kb{5 .

aLdf ul/Psf] Joxf]/f 3/df kfl/jfl/s ;b:onfO{ hfgsf/Lu/fpg'kb{5 . sDtLdf OR5fOPsf] JolQmnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kb{5 .

aLdfn]v gjLs/0f ldlt Vofn u/L oyf;dodf gjLs/0f aLdfz'Nse'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 .

aLdf;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx? h:t} aLdfn]v, gub a'emfPsf]/l;b cflb Pp6} kmfOndf kmfOlnª u/L 3/hUufsf] nfnk"hf{h:t} ;'/lIft /fVg'kb{5 .

aLdf k|:tfj kmf/daLdf ug]{ JolQmsf] klxnf] lh1f;f x'G5, aLdf t ug]{ t/ s;/L <aLdfsf] klxnf] zt{ s] xf] < aLdf ug]{ JolQmn] ;a}eGbf klxn] aLdfsDkgLsf af/]df yfxf kfpg'kb{5 . To;kl5 To; sDkgLn] ug]{ aLdf,To;sf] k|sf/ / k|s[lt ;a} yfxf kfO;s]kl5 ;f]xL sDkgLaf6 aLdf ug]{s'/fdf 9'Ss x''g'kb{5 . aLdf ug]{ lglZrt ePkl5 aLdf k|:tfj kmf/fdel/G5 . k|:tfj kmf/fd eg]sf] laldt / aLdf sDkgLaLr ul/g] s/f/ jf

#@ aLdf lrgf/L

;Demf}tfsf] k|f/lDes sfuhft xf] . o;df laldtn] ladsnfO{ pknAwu/fpg'kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L k|:t't ul/Psf] x'G5 / oxL kmf/fdaf6 aLdfsDkgLn] laldt / hf]lvdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lng] ub{5 . o;df dfuul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f ;To tYo ?kdf pknAw u/fpg' laldtsf] st{Jox'g cfpF5 . em'7f] ljj/0fn] Ifltk"lt{df c;/ ub{5 .

aLdfsf] k|sf/sf cfwf/df aLdf k|:tfj kmf/fdsf] gd'gf / Aoxf]/f klgleGgleGg x'G5g\ . hLjg aLdf ubf{ gfd, k];f, ln+u, k'/f 7]ufg, Joj;fo,/f]huf/bftf, ljjflxt jf cljjflxt, lzIff, pd]/, cfo;|f]t, hLjg aLdfsf]p2]Zo, lsl;d, aLdf+s /sd, e'QmfgL k|lqmof, aLdfz'Ns cflb ;a} s'/fpNn]v ug'{kb{5 . o;afx]s :jf:Yo l:yltsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f klg o;df k|:t'tug'{kb{5 . ;DklQsf] aLdf ubf{ ;DklQ /x]sf] :yfg, To;sf] ef]urng ug]{tl/sf, ckgfOPsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf, aLdf+s cflb ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f eg'{kb{5 .;jf/L aLdf cGtu{t lghL, Joj;flos / lghL df]6/;fOsnsf] aLdful/G5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] aLdfdf laldtsf] cfkm\gf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cnfjft];|f]kIfsf] hgwgsf] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] klg Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] x'Fbfo:tf] aLdfn]vnfO{ Jofks aLdfn]v eGg] k|rng 5 . cGo a]xf]/fsf] xsdfnufgLstf{sf] gfd, ;DklQsf] lsl;d, ejgsf] agf]6 aLdfª\s, aLdf cjlw/ cfkm"n] ;'/If0f ug{ rfx]sf] aLdf hf]lvdx?sf] ljj/0f ;d]t eg'{ kb{5 .

;a} k|sf/sf aLdf k|:tfj km/fddf h'g h'g lsl;dsf af/]df k|Zgx?;f]lwPsf] 5, To;sf] ljj/0f gn'sfO{ lbg'kb{5 . k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ n]Vbfs]/d]6 gu/L z'4 / ;kmf cIf/df a'lemg] u/L n]Vg'kb{5 . sf]xLk|:tfjsn] kmf/fd ebf{ Odfgbf/ ePg / em'7f] ljj/0f k]z u¥of] eg]aLdf sDkgL Ifltk"lt{ lbg afWo x'Fb}g . csf]{ cy{df laldtn] k|:t'tu/]sf] tYosf] cfwf/df aLdf sDkgLn] hf]lvd d"Nof+sg ub{5 / ;f]xLcg'?k oyf]lrt aLdfz'Ns lgwf{/0f ub{5 . To;}n] k|:tfj kmf/fd ebf{cToGt xf]l;of/Lk"j{s / uDeL/tfsf ;fy eg'{ laldtsf] st{Jo x'ghfG5 .aLdf k"0f{ ;b\ljZjf;sf] s/f/ x'Fbf aLdf sDkgL k|:tfjsn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]tYodf e/k/L s/f/ ug{ dGh'/ u/]sf] x'G5 .

aLdf clestf{aLdf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 tnaL sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf geO{ lglZrt sld;gsfcfwf/df ladssf] tkm{af6 laldt ;dIf uO{ aLdf k|j4{g sfo{ ug]{

aLdf lrgf/L ##

JolQmnfO{ aLdf clestf{ elgG5 . aLdf clestf{sf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfP;Pn;L jf ;f] ;/xsf] pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . o:tf JolQm hf] sf]xLklg aLdf clestf{ aGg ;S5g\ t/ To;sf nflu pQm JolQmn] aLdf;ldlt jf ;DalGwt ladsn] ;~rfng u/]sf] aLdf clestf{;DaGwL tflndlnPsf] x'g'kb{5 . To;kl5 p;n] aLdf clestf{sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nfluaLdf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg'kb{5 . aLdf clestf{x?sf]stJo{÷aLdf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf aLdf u/fpg rfxg]dflg;sf] ;Dks{df k'Ug], aLdf k|:tfj kmf/fd e/fpg ;xof]u ug]{, laldtnfO{aLdf;DaGwL cfjZos ;/;Nnfx lbg] tyf bfaL e'QmfgLsf] ;dodf laldtsf]kl/jf/nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ cflb sfo{ x'g\ . aLdf clestf{n] k|To]saLdfn]v laqmL u/]kZrft\ ladssf] tkm{af6 ;f] afkt k|rlnt aLdflgodfjnL adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] b/df sld;g k|fKt ub{5 .

aLdf ;e]{o/aLdf ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] Iflt ePdf Iflt eP a/fa/sf] /sd aLdfn]vn];'/Iff u/]sf] sf/0fn] ePsf] 7x/ ePdf ladsn] laldltnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ k|bfgug'{kb{5 . Iflt s;/L / slt eof] d"Nof+sg ug{ ;Sg] JolQm÷;+:yfnfO{aLdf sDkgLn] v6fO{ k|fKt ePsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ dfg]/ aLdfsDkgLn] laldtnfO{ /sd e'QmfgL ub{5 . o;/L Iflt d"Nof+sg ug]{JolQmnfO{ g} aLdf ;e]{o/ elgG5 . aLdf ;e]{o/sf] sfd lghL{jg aLdfdfcfpF5 . rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G6, OlGhlgo/, aLdf sDkgLdf clws[t :t/dfsDtLdf bz jif{ eGbf a9L sfd u/]sf JolQm tyf aLdf ;DaGwL ljz]ifcWwog u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ aLdf ;ldltn] ;~rfng ug]{ aLdf ;e]{o/ tflnddfefu lnO{ aLdf ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPdf p;nfO{ aLdf;e]{o/ ;DaGwL Ohfhtkq k|bfg ul/G5 . sfo{cg'ejsf cfwf/df aLdf;e]{o/x?nfO{ s, v, u / 3 >]0fLdf juL{s/0f ul/G5 . ;a}eGbf a9Lcg'ej ePsfnfO{ …sÚ / gofFnfO{ …3Ú >]0fLdf /flvG5 . JolQm dfq geO{;+:yfn] klg ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5 . t/ To;sf nflu;+:yfsf] k|d'v jf s'g} Ps ;~rfnsn] ;e]{o/ ;DaGwL dfly pNn]vul/Psf of]Uotf k"/f u/L cfjZos tflnd klg lng'kb{5 . t/ aLdf;e]{o/ Ohfht k|fKt JolQmeGbf afx]s c?n] aLdf ;e]{ sfo{ ug{ kfpFb}g .aLdf ;e]{o/sf] Ohfhtkq k|To]s jif{ aLdf ;ldltaf6 gjLs/0f u/fpg'kb{5 .

#$ aLdf lrgf/L

Iflt d"Nof+sgaLdf ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] Iflt ePdf ;f] Ifltsf] d"Nof+sg u/]/ jf:tljsgf]S;fg olsg u/]/ dfq Ifltk"lt{sf] e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 . aLdf ul/Psf]hf]lvdaf6 g} ;DklQ Iflt ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og, aLdf ul/Psf] ;do;Ldfleq pQm gf]S;fgL ePsf] 5÷5}g, Iflt slt /sd a/fa/sf] ePsf] xf]cflbaf/] lj:t[t cWoog ug]{ sfo{nfO{ Iflt d"Nof+sg elgG5 . Iflt ePsf]va/ k|fKt u/]sf] lglZrt ;doleq o:tf] d"Nof+sg ug'{kb{5 . lghL{jgaLdf Joj;fodf Iflt d"Nof+sg ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;e]{o/ -Ifltd"Nof+sg stf{_ elgG5 . aLdf sDkgLn] d"ntM logLx?n] Ifltsf] d"Nof+sgu/L a'emfPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df /sd e'QmfgL ug]{ ub{5 t/ lghn] k];u/]sf] k|ltj]bg adf]lhdsf] /sd g} e'QmfgL ug{ lads afWo x'Fb}g . ;e]{o/:jtGq lgsfo ePsfn] lghsf] d"Nof+sg :jtGq x'G5 eGg] dfGotf /x]sf]5 . aLdf sDkgLdf yk cg';Gwfg ug]{ clwsf/ ;w}+ /lx/xG5 . o:tf]cg';Gwfg lghL{jg Pjd\ hLjg aLdf b'j} If]qdf x'g ;Sb5 .

bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof

hLjg aLdf bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof;fjlws hLjg of]hgfcGtu{t aLdf cjlw ;dfKt ePkZrft\ olb laldthLljt g} 5 eg] p;}nfO{ / olb hLljt 5}g eg] p;sf xsjfnfnfO{bfaL e'QmfgL ug'{ kb{5 . olb JolQm hLljt g} 5 eg] p;n] l;w} aLdfsDkgLdf uP/ /sd lng ;S5 . t/ cfhLjg aLdf bfaL lngsf] nflulaldtsf] d[To' ePkl5 dfq p;sf] OR5fOPsf] JolQmn] kfpF5 .

laldtsf] d[To' ePsf] v08df lghn] OR5fPsf] JolQmn] / olb OR5fPsf]JolQmsf] klg lgwg eO;s]sf] cj:yf eP lgDgfg';f/sf hLljt xsjfnfn]/sd k|fKt ug]{5g\ .

OR5fOPsf] JolQmn] kfpg]s'g} hLjg aLdfn]vsf] cjlw ;dfKt x'g' cufj} ;f] aLdfn]v lng]JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf aLdf n]vcg';f/sf] /sd lghn] cfkm\gf] aLdfn]vdfOR5fOPsf] JolQmn] kfp5 . lghn] s;}nfO{ OR5fPsf] /x]g5 jf OR5fOPsf]

aLdf lrgf/L #%

JolQmsf] cl3 g} d[To' eO;s]sf] eP aLdfn]v lng] JolQmsf] b]xfoadf]lhdgftf kg]{ cfl>tx?dWo] qmdfg';f/ / Ps} qmdsf PseGbf a9L hLljtgft]bf/ ePdf bfdf;fxLn] hLljt ;b:on] kfpF5 M–

-s_ ;uf]nsf klt jf kTgL,

-v_ ;uf]nsf 5f]/f, 5f]/L, ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L,

-u_ ;uf]nsf] afa' cfdf -ljjflxt dlxnfsf] xsdf ;f;" ;;'/f_

-3_ cfkm}+n] kfngkf]if0f ug'{kg]{ afh] aHo} / 5f]/fkl§sf] gflt, gfltgL,

-ª_ leGg a;]sf] klt kTgL,

-r_ leGg a;]sf] cljjflxt 5f]/L, 5f]/f, ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L,

-5_ leGg a;]sf] afa' cfdf,

-h_ ;uf]nsf] ;f}t]gLcfdf,

-em_ ;uf]nsf] ;f}t]gL 5f]/f 5f]/L

-`_ ;uf]nsf] bfh' efO, lbbL alxgL,

-6_ ljjflxt dlxnfsf] xsdf leGg a;]sf ;f;" ;;'/f,

-7_ leGg a;]sf 5f]/fkl§sf gflt, cljjflxt gfltgL,

-8_ leGg a;]sf] ;f}t]gL cfdf,

-9_ leGg a;]sf] ;f}t]gL 5f]/f, cljjflxt ;f}t]gL 5f]/L,

-0f_ ljjflxt dlxnfsf] xsdf ;uf]nsf] h]7fh', h]7fgL, b]j/, b]p/fgL,

-t_ ;uf]nsf] elthf, elthL,

-y_ ;uf]nsf] sfsf, ljwjf sfsL, efph", efO a'xf/L,

-b_ leGg a;]sf bfh' efO, lbbL alxgL,

-w_ leGg a;]sf afh], aHo}, gfltgL a'xf/L, elthf, elthL,

-g_ laldt;Fu clGtd cj:yfdf ;Fu} a;L lghsf] x]/rfx ug]{ JolQm .

pQm adf]lhd OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf / OR5fOPsf] JolQm abNg

#^ aLdf lrgf/L

rfx]df aLdfn]v lng]n] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ OR5fpg ;DalGwt lads sxfFn]vL k7fpg'kg]{5 . ladsn] klg aLdfn]v lng]sf] cg'/f]wadf]lhd OR5fOPsf]JolQm /fvL To;sf] lnlvt ;"rgf ;DalGwt aLdfn]v lng]nfO{ lbg'k5{ .

laldtsf] d[To' ePdf OR5fOPsf] JolQm jf xsjfnfn] l56f]eGbf l56f]aLdf sDkgLdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 . hfgsf/L ubf{ lgwg ePsf];do, pd]/, sf/0f cflb s'/f pNn]v ug'{kb{5 . hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5aLdf sDkgLn] pknAw u/fpg] bfaL kmf/fd;lxt cGo k]; ug'{kg]{sfuhftx? h:t} d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq, gftf;DaGwL k|df0fkq, aLdfn]v,b'3{6gfaf6 d[To' ePsf] eP k|x/L k|ltj]bg cflb sfuhftx? aLdfsDkgLdf k]; ug'{kb{5 .

bfaL ubf{ OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] klg d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 eg] dfly pNn]vul/Padf]lhdsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf qmddf cfpg] xsjfnfn] gftf k|dfl0ftu/fO{ aLdf sDkgL ;dIf k]z ug'{kb{5 . ;Dk"0f{ k|df0f / sfuhft k"/fePkl5 aLdf sDkgLn] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lgodfg';f/ bfaL e'QmfgL ub{5 .

lghL{jg aLdf bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof

lghL{jg aLdf Joj;fosf bfaL e'QmfgL k|lqmof lgDgfg';f/ x'G5

-s_ Ifltsf] ;"rgflaldltn] cfkm\gf] aLdf ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] aLdf gul/P ;/x dfg]/kof{Kt ;'/Iff u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . olb kof{Kt ;'/Iff ubf{ub}{ klg b'3{6gfeO{ xfgL x'g uPdf ;f]sf] ;"rgf oyfy;Dej l56f] ladsnfO{ ug'{kb{5 .ladsaf6 pknAw x'g] bfaL kmf/fd -Ifltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f v'nfOg]kmf/fd_ df klg ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f e/L ladsnfO{ a'emfpg' kb{5 .

-v_ bfaLsf] cg'dflgt nfut tyf Ifltsf] sf/0flaldtn] Iflt ePsf] ;DklQ ;DaGwL k|f/lDes d"Nof+sg u/L lads ;dIfk7fpg' kb{5 . bfaL ubf{ pko'Qm k|df0f k]z ug'{ kb{5 . olb aLdful/Psf] hf]lvdn] geO{ cGo sf/0faf6 xfgL gf]S;fgL ePsf] v08dfsDkgLn] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ub}{g . aLdf ul/Ps} hf]lvdaf6 gf]S;fgL ePsf]xf] eGg] k|df0f lbg h?/L x'G5 .

aLdf lrgf/L #&

-u_ Ifltsf] d"Nof+sglaldtn] u/]sf] bfaLsf] sf/0f / bfaL /sd ;xL 5 ls 5}g, jf:tljs?kdf slt /sd Iflt eof] eg]/ d"Nof+sg ug{ aLdf sDkgLn] aLdf;e]{o/ lgo'Qm ub{5 . pQm ;e]{o/n] Ifltsf] jf:tljs sf/0f, Ifltsf]jf:tljs /sd nufot ;Dk"0f{ Iflt;DaGwL ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;e]{ k|ltj]bgtof/ kf/L aLdf sDkgLdf k]; ub{5 . d"ntM ;f]xL k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/dfaLdf sDkgLn] Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ub{5 jf yk cg';Gwfg u/L bfloTjolsg ub{5 .

-3_ bfaL e'QmfgLpk/f]Qm cg';f/ ;e]{o/sf] k|ltj]bg jf cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df aLdfsDkgLn] Ifltk"lt{ jf bfaL e'QmfgL k|bfg ub{5 .

ljjfbsf] lg?k0faLdf Pp6f s/f/ xf] . laldltsf] k|:tfj :jLsf/ u/L lads / laldtaLr s/f/ aGb5 . aLdf clestf{x? JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ aLdf u/fpgclek|]l/t ub{5g\ / aLdf ;e]{o/x? aLdfsf] Iflt d"Nof+sg ub{5g\ .laldt / ladsaLr slxn]sfxLF Ifltsf] sf/0f Pjd\ kl/df0faf/] ljjfbpTkGg x'g;S5 . To:tf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf ;f]sf] lg/fs/0f aLdflgodgsf/L lgsfo aLdf ;ldltn] ub{5 . aLdf If]qdf laldt / ladsaLrljjfb x'g] ub{5 . lads / laldlt aLrdf ljjfb l;h{gf ePdf laldtn]aLdf ;ldltdf ph'/L ug{ ;Sb5 . aLdf ;ldlt Ps cw{Goflos lgsfoklg xf] . o;nfO{ Goflos lg?k/0fsf] clwsf/ /x]sf] 5 . olb aLdf;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{o lrQ ga'em]df ;DalGwt kIfx? pRr cbfnt hfg;Sb5g\ / pRr cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o klg lrQ a'em]g eg] ;DalGwtkIf ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf hfg ;Sb5g\ . d'2f km};nfsf] cltl/Qm ljjfbug]{ kIfx?aLr aLdf ;ldltn] dWo:ytf u/]/ klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{;Sb5 .

#* aLdf lrgf/L

aLdfdf k|rlnt s]xL zAbfjnLx?-;+lIfKt k|fljlws cy{;lxt_

!= aLdfn]v (Insurance Policy)laldtsf] k|:tfj :jLsf/ ub}{ aLdf z"Ns e'QmfgL lnP jfkt hf]lvd:jLsf/ u/]sf] k|df0f jfkt ladsn] laldtnfO{ lbg] sfuhft, laldtn]e/]sf] k|:tfj kmf/d / ladsn] hf/L u/]sf] aLdfn]v aLdf s/f/sf]cleGg c+usf] ?kdf lnOG5 .

aLdfn]vdf aLdfn] ;'/If0f u/]sf hf]lvdx?, aLdfsf] ljifoj:t', aLdfsfzt{, jf/]06L, ckjfb, cyf{t aLdfn]vn] ;'/If0f gug]{ hf]lvdx? pNn]vu/]sf x'G5g\ .

@= ;+k'li6 (Endorsement)Psk6s aLdfn]v hf/L eO;s]kl5 ;f]df s'g} yk36 ug'{ k/],yk hf]lvd;dfj]z jf s'g} Ps hf]lvd ;'/If0faf6 lgsfNg] jf aLdfÍ /sd 36a9ug'{ k/] jf aLdfn]v /2 ug'{ kbf{ ;+k'li6 hf/L u/L ;'? aLdfn]vdf ;+zf]wgul/G5 . o:tf] ;+k'li6 aLdfn]vsf] cleGg c+u aGb5 .

#= jGb]h (Warranty)jf/]06L eGgfn] aLdfn]v rfn' cj:yfdf laldtn] clgjfo{ ?kn] kfngfug'{kg]{ aLdfn]v jf aLdfn]vsf] ;+k'li6af6 ylkPsf k"j{ zt{x? eGg]a'lemG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu sf7sf] sfd x'g] sf/vfgfdf b}lgs lglZrtkl/df0f eGbf a9L sf7sf] w'nf] hDdf x'g lbg' gx'g] / ;f] kl/;/af66f9f /fVg] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 egL pNn]lvt jf/]06L .

$= c08//fOl6Ë (Underwriting)aLdfsf] nflu aLdf k|:tfjsn] k|:tfj kmf/d tyf k|ZgfjnLdf lbOPsf]hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df ladsn] aLdf :jLsf/ ug]{–gug]{, :jLsf/ ug{ of]UoeP s] slt aLdfz'Ns -lk|ldod_ lng] / s'g zt{df aLdf :jLsf/ ug]{s'/fsf] lgwf] ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ aLdf c08//fOl6Ë elgG5 . ladssf]tkm{af6 oL s'/f lgwf{/0f u/L k|:tfljt hf]lvd :jLsf/ ug]{ ladssf]clVtof/ k|fKt sd{rf/LnfO{ c08//fO6/ eGg] k|rng 5 .

aLdf lrgf/L #(

%= aLdf clestf{ (Insurance Agent)aLdfsf] Joj;fo k|j4{g u/L ladsnfO{ Joj;fo pknJw u/fpg] tflndk|fKt JolQm . aLdf clestf{sf] kfl/>lds aLdfz'Nssf] lglZrt k|ltztdfq clestf{ sldzgsf] ?kdf lbOG5 . aLdf clestf{n] aLdf ;ldltaf6clestf{ e} sfo{ ug]{ Ohfht -nfO;]G;_ k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 .

%= aLdf PSr'c/L (Insurance Actuary)lads / k'g{la{dsx?sf] nflu tYofª\x?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L nfu' ug]{,aLdfz'Ns b/x? lgwf{/0f ug]{, aLdfn]v cGt{utsf bfloTj tyf sf]if(Reserve) sf] d'Nofª\sg ug]{ tyf aLdfsf] Jofj;flos tyf cfly{shf]lvdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ljifodf of]Uotf k|fKt Joj;flos JolQm .

^= t];|f] kIf ;xhstf{ (Third Party Administrator)cf}ifwf]krf/ tyf Joltmut hf]lvd aLdf cGt{ut ladsn] hf/L u/]sfaLdfn]vsf laldtx?nfO{ ladssf] tkm{af6 bfjLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{,cf}ifwf]krf/sf] ;DjGwdf ;DjlGwt c:ktfn, lrlsT;sx?nfO{ e'QmfgLul/lbg] tyf u|fxsx?sf] ;]jfsf] nflu @$ 306} sn ;]G6/ ;d]tsf]Joj:yf u/L aLdf u|fxsx?nfO{ d]l8sn ;Nnfx ;'emfj ;]jf ;d]tk|bfg ug]{ Joltm jf kmd{ .

&= PGo'6L (Annuity)aLdf sDkgLnfO{ Psd'i6 jf lglZrt cjlw;Dd aLdf z'Ns a'emfO{ ladsaf6cfhLjg jf lglZrt cjlw;Dd /sd e'QmfgL lng] aLdf of]hgf .

*= k]G;g of]hgf (Pension Scheme)lk|ldod lt/]sf] lglZrt cjlw kZrft\ ladsn] laldtnfO{ dfl;s,kflIfs, cw{jflif{s jf jflif{s k]G;gsf] ?kdf aLdf /sd lglZrtcjlw;Dd jf laldt lhljt /x];Dd e'QmfgL ub}{ hfg] aLdf of]hgf .

(= rfn' aLdfn]v (Current Policy)laldtn] ltg'{kg]{ ladf z'Ns cBfjlws u/L rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf]aLdfn]v .

$) aLdf lrgf/L

!)= Joltt aLdfn]v (Lapsed Policies)laldtn] hLjg aLdfz'Nssf] ls:tf tf]lsPsf] ;do tyf ;f] kZrftsf]cg'u|x ;dofjlw (Grace period) df ga'emfPdf aLdfn]v :jtM Jolttx'G5 . o:tf] Joltt aLdfn]v cGt/ut bfjL k/]df ladssf] bfloTj/xGg .

!!= Joltt hLjg aLdfn]vsf] k'ghf{u/0f (Revival of LapsedPolicy)aLdfn]v Joltt ePsf] lglZrt cjlwleq laldtn] cfˆgf] :jf:Yosf]cj:yf l7s /x]sf] pb\3f]if0f jf k|df0f k]z u/L ltg{ afFsL aLdf z'Nstyf ;f]df nfu]sf] Aofh;d]t lt/L Joltt aLdfn]vsf] k'ghf{u/0f(Revival) ug]{ k|lqmof .

!@= ;dk{0f d"No (Surrendar Value)hLjg aLdf z'Nssf] ls:tf ltg{ /f]sL laldtn] aLdfn]v ;dk{0f ug{OR5f b]vfPdf laldtn] tTsfn;Dd lt/]sf] aLdf z'Ns /sd, cflh{taf]g;, r'Qmf ug{ afFsL cjlw cflbsf] lgwf{l/t ;'q (Factor) nufO{lgsflnPsf] laldtnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] /sd .

!#= r'Qmf d"No (Paid up Value)hLjg aLdf z'Ns ls:tf ltg{ /f]sL jf Joltt ul/Psf] aLdfn]vdflaldtn] aLdfn]vsf] cjlw e'Qmfgkl5 dfq lng kfpg] u/L ladsn]tTsfn;Dd e'Qmfg ePsf] aLdf z'Ns tyf cflh{t af]g; ;lxtsf] d'No .

!$= hLjg aLdf af]g; (Bonus on Life Insurance )d'gfkmfdf ;l/s x'g] u/L lnOPsf] hLjg aLdfn]vdf ladfÍLo d"NofÍgaf6lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd ladsn] lbg] d'gfkmf /sd .

!%= ufx{:y aLdfn]v (Household Insurance Policy)k"0f{ ?kdf ufx{:y k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u x'g] ejg tyf ;f] leqsf;/;fdfgx? aLdfof]Uo ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd lj?4 -hf]lvd ;d"xsf] aLdfafx]s_ ;'ne aLdf z'Ns b/df ul/g] aLdf .

aLdf lrgf/L $!

!^= hf]lvd ;d"x (Roit, Strike, Malacious Damage, Sabo-tage and terrorism pool)hf]lvd ;d"x eGgfn] x'nb+ufx8\tfn (Roit & Strike), å]ifk"0f{ sfo{(Malacious Damage) tyf cftÍjfb (Sabotage & Terroism)hf]lvdaf6 x'g] ;+efJo cfly{s Ifltsf] ;'/If0fsf] nflu d"n -cfwf/e"t_aLdfn]vdf yk aLdfz'Ns lt/L lnOg] aLdf ;'/If0f xf] . g]kfndf o:tfhf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf lglh{jg aLdf sDkgLx?af6;+o'Qm ;xeflutfdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf u/L …cfsl:dsaLdf sf]ifÚ sf] sfof{nosf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]df xfn ;f] sf]if g]kfnk"glj{df sDkgLdf kl/0ft eO pQm sDkgLaf6 hf]lvd ;d'xsf] ;"/If0fx'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . aLdsx?n] cfˆgf laldtx?sf] k|:tfj adf]lhd d"naLdfdf o:tf hf]lvdx?sf] ;'/If0f u/L tL hf]lvddf s]xL cz+ cfkm"n]/fvL afFsL g]kfn k'gaL{df sDkgL -;fljs cfsl:ds aLdfsf]if_ dfhf]lvd x:tfGt/0f ub{5g\ .

!&= xjfO{ aLdfn]v (Aviation Insurance Policy)

xjfO{ aLdf cGt/ut lgDg aLdfx? kb{5gMs_ xjfOhxfhsf] Iflt, xfgL / gf]S;fgLsf] ;'/If0f ug{ hxfh

(Aircraft Hull) sf] aLdf .

v_ xjfOhxfhsf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] ;+efJo t];|f] kIf bfloTj (Third PartyLiability) sf] aLdf .

u_ ofq' k|ltsf] bfloTj (Passenger's Liability) aLdf

To:t} lgDgadf]lhdsf bfloTjsf aLdfx? klg xjfO{ aLdfleq kb{5g\s_ Po/kf]6{ ;~rfnssf] bfloTj aLdf (Airport Operators Liability

Insurance)

v_ xjfO{hxfhdf OGwg eg]{ qmddf xjfO{hxfh jf Po/kf]6{df x'g;Sg] cGo wghg tyf OGwgsf] v/fjLaf6 hxfh tyf ofq'dfb'3{6gfj; k/]sf] wghgsf] Iflt lj?4 ;'/If0fsf] nflu lnOg]

$@ aLdf lrgf/L

aLdf (Airport Refuelling Liability Insurance)

!*= OlGhlgol/Ë aLdfn]v (Engineering Insurance Policy)

o; zLif{s cGt/ut lgDg aLdfx? kb{5g\Ms_ d]l;g/L aLdfM d]l;g/Lsf] 6'6km'6 -a|]s8fpg_ af6 x'g] cfly{s

Ifltsf] ;'/If0f ug]{ aLdf .

v_ jf]On/ (Boiler) lj:kmf]6 aLdf M jf]On/ tyf k|];/ Knf06x?sf]lj:kmf]6af6 pks/0fsf] Iflt tyf t];|f] kIfsf] Iflt / xfgL gf]S;fgLx'g uO{ kg{ ;Sg] ;+efJo bfloTjsf] ;'/If0f ug]{ aLdf .

u_ 7]s]bf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdf (Contractor's All Risk Insurance)ejg, snsf/vfgf, hnljB't\ of]hgf tyf cGo ;+/rgf (CivilEngineering Structures) sf] lgdf{0fsf] qmddf lgdf{0f:yn leq /flvPsf];/;fdu|L, sfd ubf{ub}{sf] agf]6 tyf sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ lgdf{0fof]hgf sfddf nufpg] -lk|lG;kn_ nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ cl3 jflk|lG;knn] k|of]udf lnPkl5 ;Ddsf] cjlwdf s'g} Iflt / xfgLgf]S;fgL ePdf Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu ul/g] aLdf . sfd ;DkGg eO{;s]kl5sf]7]Ssfsf] zt{cg';f/ ;Dxf/ cjwL (Maintenance) df dd{t ;Dxf/sfo{ ubf{sf] sf/0faf6 gf]S;fgL k'Ug uPdf ;f] sf] klg ;'/If0ful/G5 .

3_ d]l;g/L h8fg ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvd aLdfn]v (Erection All Risk Insur-ance) M ˆofS6«Lsf] ejg lgdf{0f ;lsPkl5 ;f] df d]l;g/L h8fgug]{ l;nl;nfdf s'g} d]l;g/L cfO6dsf] b'3{6gfa; 6'6km'6, Iflt,xfgL gf]S;fgL ePdf ;f] sf] ;'/If0f ug{sf] nflu ul/g] aLdf . dfly-u_ df ;Dxf/ cjwL (Maintenance Period) eg] em} d]l;g/Lsf]xsdf h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg u/]kl5 ul/g] k|of]u (Testing) sf]l;nl;nfdf ePsf] Iflt, xfgL gf]S;fgL klg aLdfn]vn] ;'/If0fub{5 .

ª_ lgdf0f{ sfo{df k|of]u x'g] pks/0fx? (Contrctors' Plant & Equip-ment) sf] aLdfM o;df 8f]h/, nf]8/, ldS;r/, PS:ofe]6/ cflblgdf0f{ / h8fg sfo{df k|of]u x'g] oflGqs pks/0fx? kb{5g\ .

aLdf lrgf/L $#

!(= ljljw aLdfn]v (Micellaneous Insurance)s_ JolQmut b'3{6gf aLdf (Personal Acident Insurance) M b'3{6gfaf6

JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf c+ue+u ePdf, sfd ug{ g;Sg] e} c;Qm ePsf]cj:yfdf Ifltk"lt{ pknAw ug{ lnOg] aLdf . s'g} ;+ul7t OsfO{n];a} JolQmsf] cg';"lr agfO{ tL JolQmx?sf] b'3{6gf aLdf Pp6}aLdfn]vaf6 ;fd"lxs b'3{6gf aLdf (Group P.A. Insurance) ul/G5 .

v_ cf}ifwf]krf/ aLdfn]v M la/fdL kbf{ jf b'3{6gf e} cf}ifwf]krf/ ug'{kbf{sf] avt Ifltk"lt{ / zf]wegf{ lng k|of]u x'g] aLdf .

u_ ljb]z ofqf ubf{sf] cf}ifwf]krf/ aLdfn]v (Travel Medical Insur-ance) M ljb]z ofqfsf] bf}/fgdf lj/fdL kg{ uO{ jf b'3{6gfdf kl/cf}ifwf]krf/ u/fpg' kg]{ ;+efJo l:yltnfO{ ;'/If0f ug]{ aLdf . o:tf]aLdfn]vdf ljb]zdf la/fdL k/] ;/;Nnfx lng, c:ktfn af/]hfgsf/L lng / bfjL e'QmfgL ug{ ;d]t t];|f] kIf ;xhstf{sf]gfd / 6]lnkmf]g gDa/ aLdfn]vdf g} pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 .

3_ a}+s/sf] Ifltk"lt{ aLdf (Bankers Indemnity Insurance Policy)Ma}+s/sf] Ifltk"lt{ aLdfn] a}+s tyf laQLo ;+:yfsf] gub ;Dk"0f{a}+lsË sf/f]jf/sf] l;nl;nfdf cyf{t kl/;/df /xFbf, aflx/ gub:yfgfGt/0f ubf{sf] cj:yfdf, sd{rf/Lsf] a]OdfgL tyf ab\lgotk"0f{sfo{af6, s;}n] em'SofO{ a}+saf6 e'QmfgL lnPsf] cj:yfaf6 a}+snfO{kg{ uPsf] Iflt, xfgL gf]S;fgLsf] ;'/If0f ub{5 . of] a}+ssf] gubtyf ;'/If0fdf /flvPsf] lwtf] (Securities) sf] nflu Jofks aLdf;'/If0f (Umbrella Insurance Coverage) xf] .

ª_ ljljw aLdfcGtu{t kg]{ cGo aLdfsf lsl;dx?M

gub :yfgfGt/0f (Cash in Transit) aLdf, hgbfloTj aLdf (PublicLiability), k]zfut Joj;foLsx? h:t} 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ tyf jlsnx?n]cfˆgf] Jofj;flos sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf cfˆgf u|fxsk|lt kg{ ;Sg];+efJo bfloTjsf] aLdf (Professional Indemnity Insurance) .

@)= aLdfdf k|of]u x'g] s]xL cGo zAbfjnLx?s_ b}jfut hf]lvdb}jfut hf]lvdb}jfut hf]lvdb}jfut hf]lvdb}jfut hf]lvd (Act of God) M eGgfn] dflg;sf] lgoGq0f aflx/sf

$$ aLdf lrgf/L

xfjf x'/L, jiff{t\, cl;gf, jf9L, klx/f], e"sDk / ;'gfdL h:tfk|fs[lts hf]lvdx? a'lemG5 .

v_ dfgjhGo hf]lvd (Man made Perils) M eGgfn] dflg;n] Psn jf;d"x4f/f ul/Psf] x'nb+uf, cftÍjfb, å]ifk"0f{ sfo{, nfk/jfxLh:tfdfgjLo sf/0faf6 k'Ug] ;+efJo Ifltx? a'lemG5 .

u_ j:t'ut hf]lvd (Physical Hazard) M eGgfn] j:t' k|s[ltdf g}lglxt a9L hf]lvdsf] ;+efjgf h:t} sf7df cfuf] l5§} ;Nsg;Sg] ;+efjgf, lrlgof df6f]sf] sk Kn]6 jf lzzf 6'6km'6 x'g] a9L;+efjgf ePsf] .

3_ g}lts hf]lvd (Moral Hazard) M aLdf u/L g36]sf] 36gf 36]sf]gSsnL k|df0f h'6fO{ bfjL ;[hgf u/L lng] jf bfjL kl/df0fa9fOr9fO{ bfjL lng] dfgjLo k|j[lQaf6 ;[lht hf]lvd .

ª_ cf}iftsf] l;4fGt (Average Clause) M jf:tljs jhf/ d'NoeGbf3l6df ;Dkltsf] aLdf u/fPsf] v08df k"0f{ Iflt (Total Loss) ePaLdfÍsf] xb;Dd Ifltk"lt{ x'g] t/ cf+lzs Iflt eP cf}iftsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ lgwf{l/t Iflt /sddf aLdfÍnfO{ ahf/ d"Non] efu u/L;f]df ul/Psf] Ifltn] u'0fg u/L cfpg] /sd dfq aLdfn] Ifltk"lt{ ug]{/ afFsL Ifltsf] c+z laldt :j+on] Joxf]g' kg]{ Joj:yf .

r_ ;fd'lb«s aLdf (Marine Insurance) df k|of]u x'g] ljz]ifzAbfjnLc_ cf+lzs Iflt (Particular Average) M d]l/g aLdfdf cf+lzs

(Particular) IfltnfO{ (Average) sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 .

cf_ h]l6;g (Jettison) M ljkbdf k/]sf] hxfhaf6 hxfhnfO{xNsf agfO{ kfgLdf t}l/g of]Uo agfpg hfgLhfgL ;/;fdfgx?hxfhaf6 aflx/ ˆofSg] k|lsof . of] zAbfjnL xjfO{hxfhdfklg k|of]u x'G5 .

O_ h]g/n Pe/]h bfaL (General Average Claim) M hxfhL dfu{dfljkb kbf{ hxfh ofqfdf ;+nUg ;a} kIfx? hxfh wgL,

aLdf lrgf/L $%

sfuf]{ wgLx?, k|m]6 -ef8f_ sdfpg]x?sf lxtdf hxfhaf6;fdfg h]l6zg (Jettison) ubf{ ePsf] Iflt jf cfuf] lgoGq0fug{ jf c8\s]sf] hxfh tfGg csf]{ tfGg] hxfh (TowingShip) glhssf] kf]6{jf6 af]nfO{ tfGg nufPsf] vr{ cflb;+alGwt ;a} kIfx?n] cf–cfˆgf] ;fdfgsf] d"Nosf] ;dfg'kfltsb/n] a]xf]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To:tf] a]xf]l/Psf] Iflt ;+alGwtsfuf]{ / hxfh wgLsf] d]l/g aLdfn]vn] ;"/If0f u/]sf]x'G5 . o; k|sf/ cfˆgf] ;fdfgdf s'g} xfgL / Iflt geO{cfPtf klg General Averge Claim cGtu{t cfˆgf] of]ubfgsf]lx:;f l8kf]lh6 /fv]/ jf aLdf kf]ln;L lbP/ dfq ;fdfg5'6fpg ;lsG5 . o;/L lbPsf] aLdf kf]ln;L hxfh sDkgLjf General Averge Loss Adjustor n] ;+alGwt aLds ;dIfk7fO{ Iflt olsg eP kl5 ;dfg'kflts Ifltk"lt{ dfuub{5g / aLdf sDkgLn] e'QmfgL k7fpFb5 .

5_ k"j{ljBdfg /f]u (Pre Existing Disease) M hLjg aLdf jfcf}ifwf]krf/ aLdfdf aLdf ;'? ubf{sf] avt /x]sf] k"j{ ljBdfg/f]usf] k|ToIf c;/af6 ePsf] d[To' jf vr{sf] Ifltk"lt{ kfOb}g .s'g} nIf0faf6 cfkm"nfO{ o:tf] /f]u nfu]sf] eGg] aLldtnfO{hfgsf/L jf 1fg /x]sf] jf lgbfg e};s]sf] /f]u nfO{ k"j{ljBdfg /f]u elgG5 .

h_ aLdfn]vsf] clws tyf k|m]GrfOh (Policy Excess or Deduct-ible and Frenchise) M aLdfn]vsf] clws eGgfn] aLdfn]vcGt/ut s'g} bfaL kbf{ bfaLsf] tf]lsPsf] k|yd lx:;f afktaLldt cfkm}n] Aoxf]g'{ kg]{ /sd . o; cg';f/ tf]lsPsf]clws /sdsf] l;df leq bfaL k/]df aLdfn] s]xL ga]xf]g]{ /tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] l;df dfly k/]sf] bfaL dfq aLdfn]vn]e'QmfgL ub{5 . t/ k|m]GrfOh (Frenchise) nfu' ePsf] cj:yfdftf]lsPsf] k|yd bfaLsf] /sdsf] l;df;Dd dfq bfaL k/]sf]aLdfn]vn] s]xL glbg] t/ ;f] l;df dfly bfaL k/]df tn}af6bfaLsf] lx;fa u/L k"/} /sd Ifltk"lt{ lbOg] x'G5 .

-;f}hGo >L ef]h/fh zdf{ _

$^ aLdf lrgf/L

afnL tyf kz'kG5L aLdfg]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z xf] . b]zsf] sl/a ^% k|ltzt hg;+Vof cem} s[lifk]zfdf lge{/ /x]sf 5g\ . slxn] ;'Vvf tyf slxn] cToflws jiff{,c;Lgf, af9L, klx/f], /f]uJoflb h:tf hf]lvdsf]] sf/0faf6 afnL gfnLsf]Iflt x'g] ub{5 . o:tf Ifltx?af6 ;fgf tyf lgjf{xd'vL ls;fgx?a9L k|efljt x'G5g\ . oxL tYonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s[ifsx?nfO{ ;'/lIftu/fpg] tyf Joj;flos s[liftkm{ pGd'v u/fpg] p2]Zon] ldlt @)^(.!).)!df æafnL tyf kz'kG5L aLdf lgb]{lzsf @)^(Æ hf/L ul/of] . To;}u/Lg]kfn ;/sf/af6 æafnL tyf kz'wg aLdfsf] lk|ldoddf cg'bfg pknAwu/fpg] lgb]{lzsf, @)&)Æ hf/L u/L s[lif aLdfsf] aLdfz'Nsdf cg'bfgsf]Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

;ldltaf6 æafnL tyf kz' kG5L aLdf lgb{]lzsf,@)^(Æ cGtu{t tTsfn^ j6f s[lif aLdfsf aLdfn]vx? tof/ u/L hf/L ul/of] . To;} u/Ls[ifssf] dfu tyf ahf/sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ldltn] aLdfn]vtof/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb}+ cfPsf] 5 . z'?sf] cj:yfdf afnLcGt{ut nfutdf cfwfl/t aLdfn]v hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] eg] xfncfP/ pTkfbgdf cfwfl/t aLdfn]v tof/ ubf{ s[ifsx? aLdf tkm{ ykcfslif{t eO{ afnL aLdfsf] bfo/f cem a9L km/flsnf] x'g] s'/fnfO{dWogh/ ub}{ ;ldltaf6 xfn;fn} $( j6f t/sf/Ldf tyf d;nfafnL tkm{ cb'jf / a];f/df pTkfbgdf cfwf/Lt aLdfn]v tof/ u/Lk|rngdf NofOPsf] 5 .

afnL tyf kz'kG5L aLdf cGt{ut lgDg aLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ afnL aLdf,

-v_ kz' aLdf,

-u_ kG5L aLdf /

-3_ ;ldltn] tf]lslbPsf] cGo afnL tyf kz'kG5L;Fu ;DalGwt aLdf .

xfn} aLdf ;ldltn] s[lif aLdf u/fpg] aLldtx?sf] JolQmut b'3{6gfaLdfsf] yk Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 .

aLdf lrgf/L $&

ldlt @)&$.)(.@) ;Dd hf/L ePsf aLdfn]v tyf aLdfz'Nssf] ljj/0flgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M

s[lif aLdfdf ;fdfGotof /Iffj/0f x'g] hf]lvdx? M-s_ cfunfuL, r6\ofª

-v_ e"sDk,

-u_ af9L÷8'jfg÷v8]/L

-3_ klx/f]÷e":vng,

$* aLdf lrgf/L

-ª_ cfFlwa]x/L, cl;gf, lxpFm jf t';f/f],

-r_ cfsl:ds÷b'3{6gfhGo afx\o sf/0fx?,

-5_ ls/f tyf /f]uaf6 x'g] xfgL–gf]S;fgL

s[lif aLdf ug{ ;fdfGotof cfjZos sfuhftx? M s_ k"0f{ ¿kn] el/Psf] k|:tfj kmf/fd

v_ ;DalGwt k|fljlwssf] l;kmf/L; kq

u_ cfjZostfg';f/ ;DjlGwt s[lif sfof{nosf] l;kmf/L; kq

bfaLsf] nfuL ;fdfGotof cfjZos sfuhftx? Ms_ ;Ssn aLdfn]v -cf+lzs Iflt ePsf] cj:yfdf aLdfn]vsf]

5fFof k|lt_

v_ k"0f{ ¿kn] el/Psf] bfaL kmf/fd

u_ ;DalGwt k|fljlwssf] k|ltj]bg

3_ ;DalGwt uf=kf= jf g=kf=jf j8f jf slDtdf glhssf]b'O{hgf l5d]sL÷;+lwof/sf] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf

ª_ cfjZostfg';f/ kmf]6f]

n3' aLdfn3'aLdf eg]sf] Go'g cfo ePsf] au{sf AolStx?nfO{ eljiodf x'g;Sg];+efljt hf]lvdsf] nflu u/Lg] aLdf xf] . To;}u/L n3'aLdf lgb]{lzsf,@)&! n] æn3'aLdf Aoj;foÆ eGgfn] Go"g cfo, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyfef}uf]lns sf/0faf6 hf]lvGff]Gd'v au{sf AolQm tyf ;d'bfonfO{ nlIftu/L lghx?sf] hLjg tyf ;DklQsf] ;'/If0f ug{ o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhdul/g] aLdf Joj;fo ;Demg' k5{ elg kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . ;/n efiff,ckjfb sd, sd sfuhL k|s[of, aLdf bfJfL k|s[of ;/n / 5f]6f] x'g]n3' aLdfn]vsf d'Vo ljz]iftf xf] .

aLdf lrgf/L $(

n3' aLdfsf] lsl;d M

ufx{:y n3'aLdf M clUg, cfFlwa]x/L, Aff9L tyf hndUg, k}¥xf], r6\ofË, e'O{rfnf], hdLgefFl;g] h:tf sf/0faf6 ejg÷cfjf;÷em'k8L jf ;f] df /x]sf] ;DklQsf]xflg gf]S;fgL ePdf o; aLdfn] Ifltk"lt{ lbg] sfo{ ub{5 .

:jf:Yo n3'aLdf MaLdf cjlw leq aLldt JolQmx? -;fdGotof Ps kl/jf/df % JolQmx?_nfO{ s'g} /f]u jf ladf/L jf b'3{6gfsf] sf/0faf6 c:ktfndf egf{ eO{kl/jf/sf Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L JolQmx?n] Ps aif{ leq pkrf/ u/]]dfa9Ldf ?=#% xhf/ ;Dd Aoxf]g]{ aLdf :jf:Yo n3' aLdf xf] . o;cGt{ut Pnf]Koflys k2tLåf/f ul/g] pkrf/ ;dfa]z ul/G5 .

b'3{6gf n3'aLdf Ms'g} k|an, aflx/L tyf b]Vg ;lsg] dfWodaf6 x'g uPsf] b'3{6gfsf]k|ToIf sf/0faf6 zf/Ll/s Iflt x'g uPdf aLdfn]vdf pNn]v ePjdf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf lbg] aLdf g} b'3{6gf n3'aLdf xf] . o; aLdfn]vcGt{ut !* aif{ b]lv ^% aif{sf] pd]/sf AolQmx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/G5 .b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f cf}ifwf]krf/ u/fpg' k/]df aLdf ul/Psf] /sdsf] @%Ük|ltzt ;Dd cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{ aLdsaf6 Aoxf]l/g] 5 .

afnL n3'aLdf McfunfuL, r6\ofª, e"sDk, af9L, 8'jfg, v8]/L, klx/f], cl;gf, lxpFmjf t';f/f], ls/f tyf /f]u h:tf sf/0faf6 kfng ul/Psf] j:t'efpFdfx'g] xfgL–gf]S;fgLsf] cfly{s ef/af6 aRgsf] nfuL ul/g] aLdf afnLn3'aLdf xf] .

kz'÷kG5L n3'aLdf M cfunfuL, r6\ofª, e"sDk, af9L, 8'jfg, v8]/L,klx/f], cl;gf, lxpFm jf t';f/f], ls/f tyf /f]u h:tf sf/0faf6/f]lkPsf]÷nufO{Psf] afnL df x'g] xfgL–gf]S;fgLaf6 aRgsf] nfuL ul/g]aLdf kz'÷kG5L n3'aLdf xf] .

%) aLdf lrgf/L

;fjlws n3' hLjg aLdf M;fjlws aLdf jf/] o; aLdf lrgf/L k':tssf] æhLjg aLdfÆ lzif{scGt{ut rrf{ ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o; n3' aLdfsf] laz]iftf klg ;fjlwsaLdf h:t} x'G5 . o;df sfuhL k|qm[of l56f] 5l/tf] x'g'sf ;fy}clwstd aLdfÍ tf]lsPsf] x'G5 .

DofbL n3' hLjg aLdf MDofbL aLdf af/] o; aLdf lrgf/L k':tssf] æhLjg aLdfÆ lzif{s cGt{utrrf{ ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o; n3' aLdfsf] laz]iftf klg DofbL aLdfn]vh:t} x'G5 . o;df sfuhL k|qm[of l56f] 5l/tf] x'g'sf ;fy} clwstdaLdfÍ tf]lsPsf] x'G5 .

n3'aLdfsf] aLdf, aLdfz'Ns / clestf{ sldzg ;DaGwL Joj:yf

j}b]lzs /f]huf/ -DofbL_ hLjg aLdfg]kfn ;/sf/n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] g]kfnL sfdbf/x?sf] lxt nfO{Wofgdf /fvL j}b]lzs /f]huf/ -DofbL_ hLjg jLdfn]v lng'kg]{ clgjfo{Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg'?k jLdf ;ldltn] ;j} hLjg jLdf ug]{jLdsx?n] hf/L ug]{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ -DofbL_ hLjg jLdfn]vsf] th'{dfu/]sf] 5 . o; jLdfn]vn] jLldtsf] d[To', :yfoL czQmtf jf k"0f{c+ue+u, cf+lzs czQmtf jf cf+lzs c+ue+u ePsf] cj:yfdf tyfjLdfn]vdf pNn]v ul/Psf] s'g} 3fts /f]u nfu]df jLdfn]v jdf]lhd

aLdf lrgf/L %!

Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg ub{5 . xfnsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ of] jLdfn]v >d ;Demf}tfeGbf ! jif{ j9L cjwLsf] nflu clgjfo{ ?kdf hf/L ug'{kg]{ Joj:yful/Psf] 5 . o;sf] jLdfz'Ns jLldtsf] pd]/ / aLdf cjlwsf] cfwf/dfto ul/Psf] x'G5 .

o; aLdfn]vcGt{ut lgDgadf]lhd bfjL e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

gf]6M pk/f]Qm cg';f/ s'n Ifltk"lt{sf] lx;fa lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!= d[To' ePdf Md[To' nfe ± lsl/of tyf cGo vr{ ± :jb]z zj Nofpbf nfu]sf] vr{± cfosf] gf]S;fgL

-!) nfv ± ! nfv ± ! nfv ± @ nfv Ö !$ nfv_

@= :yfoL k"0f{czQmtf jf k'0f{ c+ue+u ePdf MaLdf+s ± cfosf] gf]S;fgL afkt-!) nfv ± @ nfv Ö !@ nfv_

#= cf+lzs czQmtf jf c+ue+u ePdf MaLdfn]vdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf c+ux?sf] Iflt ePdf aLdf+ssf] $ b]lv

%@ aLdf lrgf/L

%) k|ltzt /sd ;Dd ± cfosf] gf]S;fgL

-$) xhf/ b]lv % nfv ;Dd ± ! nfv_

$= b'3{6gfdf rf]6k6s nflu ul/Psf] jf 3fts /f]u nflu lgbfg k"j{ul/Psf] pkrf/ vr{

-cf}ifwf]krf/sf] Jff:tljs vr{ jf aLdf+ssf] !) k|ltzt;Dd h'g sd x'G5_

%= tf]lsPsf 3fts /f]u nfu]df M % nfv

:kli6s/0f M

:yfoL k"0f{{ czQmtf Mæ:yfoL k"0f{{ czQmtfÆ eGgfn] aLldtsf] cfo jf d'gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ s'g}klg Aoj;fo jf k]zf ug{ ;w}sf nflu c;dy{ ePsf] cj:yf ;Demg'k5{ . eljiodf lgsf] x'g] jf gx'g]df olsg x'g g;lsg] cj:yfdfb'3{6gf 36]sf ldlt b]lv #^% lbg ;Dd aLldt :yfoL k"0f{ czQm /x]dflgh ;w}sf nflu :yfoL k"0f{ czQm dflgg]5 .

lgsf] gx'g u/L cfFvfsf b[li6 k"0f{ ?kn] Iflt Mælgsf] gx'g] u/L cfFvfsf] b[li6 k"0f{{ ?kn]] IfltÆ eGgfn] g]q lj1fg(Ophthalmology) df ljz]if1tf k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfht k|fKt lrlsT;såf/flgsf] gx'g] egL k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] cfFvfsf] b[li6 k"0f{{ ?kn]] Iflt ePsf];Demg' k5{ . eljiodf lgsf] x'g] jf gx'g]df Plsg ug{ g;lsg]cj:yfdf 36gf 36]sf] ldlt b]lv #^% lbg;Dd aLldtsf] b[li6 zlQmk"0f{{ ?kn]] Iflt ePsf] cj:yf sfod} /x]df lghsf] lgsf] gx'g] u/LcfFvfsf] b[li6 k"0f{{ ?kn]] Iflt ePsf] dflgg]5 .

#= zf/Ll/s ?kn]] sfd gnfUg] Mæzfl//Ls ?kn] sfd gnfUg]Æ eGgfn] rf]6k6s nfu]sf] c+usf] ;DaGwdfpQm ljifodf ljz]if1tf k|fKt u/]sf] Ohfht k|fKt lrlsT;såf/f k|dfl0ftul/Psf] c+usf] pkof]usf] k"0f{{ :yfoL IfltnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . eljiodflgsf] x'g] jf gx'g]df olsg x'g g;lsg] cj:yfdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf]ldltb]lv #^% lbg;Dd aLldtsf] s'g} c+u zfl//Ls ?kn] sfd gnfUg]ePsf] cj:yf sfod} /x]df lghsf] pQm c++++++++++++++++++++++++u ;+w}sf nflu zfl//Ls ?kn]]sfd gnfUg] ePsf] dflgg]5 .

aLdf lrgf/L %#

:jf:Yo aLdfDffgj hLjgdf b'3{6gf tyf /f]uJofwLsf] ;Defjgf ;w} /lx/xG5 . s'g} /f]ujf b'3{6gfsf sf/0fn] :jf:Yof]krf/ ug'{ k/]df aLdf sDkgLn] :jf:Yo ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfnfO{ e'QmfgL ug{] jf pkrf/ vr{sf] ;f]wegf{ lbg]] aLdf g}:jf:Yo aLdf xf] . cGo aLdfn]vdf aLdf z'Ns e'QmfgL eP kZrft hf]lvdsf]/Iffj/0f k|f/De x'g] ePtf klg :jf:Yo aLdfn]vdf k|ltIff cjlwsf] Joj:yful/Psf] x'G5 . aLdf z'Ns e'QmfgL eO aLdf k|f/De eP kZrft k|ltIff cjlwleq ePsf] cf}ifwf]krf/ vr{sf] aLdf sDkgLn] ;f]wegf{ ub}{g . k|ltIff cjlw;dflKt kl5 ePsf] :jf:Yof]krf/ vr{ aLdsn] e'QmfgL lbG5 . ;fdfGotof:jf:Yo aLdfn]vdf () lbgsf] k|ltIff cjlwsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 .rngrNtLdf /x]sf :jf:Yo aLdfn]vn] ljBdfg /f]u tyf hGdhft hl6ntfsf]]:jf:Yof]krf/ vr{ aLdf sDkgLn] lbb}g . ljBdfg /f]u eGgfn] aLdf k|f/Deldlt eGbf cuf8L s'g} /f]u nfu]sf] lg?k9 eO{ :jf:Yof]krf/ ul//x]sf] jf/f]usf nIf0f b]vf kl/ aLldtnfO{ ;f]sf] ljj]s;+ut 1fg ePsf] cj:yf;Demg'kb{5 . :jf:Yo aLdfdf yk aLdfz'Ns e'QmfgL u/L ;Dk'li6 dfkm{ts]xL ljBdfg /f]ux?sf] klg /Iffj/0f lng ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . w]/}vr{ nfUg] tf]lsPsf 3fts /f]ux?sf] dfq /Iffj/0f ug]{u/L klg :jf:YojLdfn]v vl/b ug{ ;lsG5 .

:jf:Yo aLdf cGt{ut ;fdfGotof c:ktfn egf{ ul/Psf] pkrf/ vr{x?(Out Patient Treatment Expenses), sf]7f / z}of ef8f tyf c:ktfna;fOsf] vr{ (Room rent and Boarding Expenses), gl;{Ë ;]jfz'Ns(Nursing Expenses), ;3g pkrf/ sIf z'Ns (Intensive Care UnitCharge), lrlsT;s ;]jf z'Ns (Medical Practitioner Service Fee), /f]ulgbfg ljlwsf vr{ (Diagnostic Procedure Expenses), Pg]:y]l;of (Ana-esthesia) /ut (Blood) clS;hg (Oxygen) sf] vr{, zNo lrlsT;f sIfz'Ns (Operation Theater Charge), zNo pks/0f z'Ns (Surgical Appli-ances), cf}ifwL vr{ (Medicine, Drugs and consumables Expenses)h:tf :jf:Yof]krf/ vr{x? aLdf sDkgLn] e'QmfgL lbG5 .

To;}u/L ofqf ubf{sf] cj:yfdf lnOg] ofqf–cf}ifwf]krf/ jLdfn]v (Travel

Medical Insurance Policy) cGt{ut ofqf cjlwe/ PSsfl; la/fdL k/L jfrf]6k6s nflu c:ktfn egf{ eO{ pkrf/ u/fpg' kbf{sf vr{x?;f]wegf{ ul/G5 .

%$ aLdf lrgf/L

Joj;flos bfloTj aLdf(Professional Liability Insurance)

of] jLdf ljljw jLdf cGt{ut kb{5 . o; k|sf/sf] jLdf ljleGgJoj;flos JolQm jf kmd{x?n] cfˆgf] Aoj;flos sfo{ ubf{ ub}{ e"n,q'6L jf c1fgtfj; cfˆgf] sfo{df r's ePjf6 t]>f] kIfsf] xfgLgf]S;fgL eO{ To;jf6 pTkGg x'g] xfgL gf]S;fgL jf Ifltsf] Ifltk'lt{lbg'kg]{ sfg'gL bfloTj ;'/If0f ug{ lnOg] jLdfn]vx? kb{5g\ . o;cGt{ut k|d'v jLdfn]vx? lgDg jdf]lhd 5g\M

s_ lrlsT;s -8fS6/_ x?n] lrlsT;f ;DjGwdf lbPsf k/fdz{ pkrf/sf]lznlznfdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] bfloTjsf] /Iffj/0f ug]{ Aofj;flosbfloTj jLdf (Professional Indemnity Insurance for Medical Doctors) .of] jLdf lrlsT;s, ;h{g, Pgf]l:yl;ogx?sf] nflu pkof]uL 5 .

v_ c:ktfn tyf cGo lrlsT;f ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] bfloTj jLdf;"/If0fsf] nflu k|bfg ul/g] Aoj;flos bfloTj jLdf (ProfessionalIndemnity Insurance for Medical Establishmants)

u_ OlGhlgo/x?sf] k]zfut bfloTj (Professional Indemnity Insurancefor Engineers) . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f ;DjGwL sfo{df ;+nUg lgDgAolQmx?n] k]zfut bfloTj jLdf u/]sf] k|df0f j'emfpg' kg]{ clgjfo{Aoj:yf ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t d"VotoflgDg sfo{x?df ;+nUg AolQmx?n] bfloTj jLdf ug'{kg]{ x'G5

s_ l8hfOg ;DjGwL k/fdz{ ;]jf

v_ l8hfOg tyf lgdf{0f ;"k/Lj]If0f k/fdz{ ;]jf

u_ lgdf{0f ;"k/Lj]If0f k/fdz{ ;]jf

pk/f]Qm cnfjf s]xL k|d'v bfloTjsf cGo jLdfx? lgDg jdf]lhd 5g\M

s_ xf]6nsf] ofq' tyf u|fxs k|ltsf] hgbfloTj jLdf (Hoteliar'sPublic Liability Insurance)

v_ df]6/ aLdfcGt{ut t];|f] kIf / ofq' k|ltsf] bfloTj jLdf (MotorVehicle Liability Insurance)

aLdf lrgf/L %%

u_ >d P]g jdf]lhd >lds k|lt bfloTj jLdf (Worksmen LiabilityInsurance)

3_ lgdf{0f sfo{ cGt{ut cfpg ;Sg] t];|f] kIf bfloTj jLdf (Contrctor'sLiability Insurance)

ª_ ljdfg ;+rfns (Aircraft Operator), ljdfg :yn ;+rfns (AirportOperator) sf] bfloTj jLdf (Avition Libility Insurance)

r_ pTkfbg stf{sf] pkef]Qmf k|ltsf] bfloTj jLdf (Product LiabilityInsurance)

5_ JolQmut bfloTj jLdf (Personal Liability Insurance)

h_ u|fx:y{ bfloTj aLdf (Householder's Liability Insurance)

%^ aLdf lrgf/L

aLdfsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfoaLdf ;ldlt

lj=;+= @)@$ ;fndf sDkgL P]g cGt{ut /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfg:yfkgf eO{ @)@% ;fndf ;f] ;+:yfg /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfg P]gcGt{ut kl/0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfndf lj=;+= @)@% ;fndf /fli6«oaLdf ;+:yfg P]g nfu' ePkl5 g]kfn OG:of]/]G; sDkgL lnld6]8,/fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfg tyf s]xL ef/lto aLdf sDkgLsf zfvfx?n]Joj;fo ;Grfng ub}{ cfPsf lyP . aLdf Joj;fosf] j[l4, ljsfz,lgoGq0f tyf cg'udg ug{sf] nflu tTsflng cj:yfdf lgodgsf/Llgsfosf] cfjZostf dxz'; u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 aLdf P]g @)@%hf/L eof] . pQm P]g adf]lhd tTsflng >L % sf] ;/sf/, cy{dGqfno cGt{ut aLdf ;ldltsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;ldltn] ldlt@)@^.)@.)! ut]sf] k|yd j}7saf6 sfo{ k|f/De u/]sf] xf] . tt\kZrft aLdf P]g, @)$( n] aLdf ;ldltnfO{ g]kfnsf] aLdf Joj;foJojl:yt, lgoldt, ljsl;t tyf lgolGqt ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf]cljl5Gg pQ/clwsf/jfnf :jfoQ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf]5 . aLdf P]g, @)$( cg';f/ aLdf ;ldltsf] ;Grfns ;ldltsf];+/rgf o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm u/]sf] jf tf]s]sf] JolQm cWoIf

-v_ k|ltlglw, sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno ;b:o

-u_ k|ltlglw, cy{ dGqfno ;b:o

-3_ aLdf Joj;fodf ljz]if 1fg ePsf JolQmx?dWo]af6

g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]lgt u/]sf] Ps hgf JolQm ;b:o

-ª_ aLldtx? dWo]af6 g]kf] ;/sf/n] dgf]gLt u/]sf]

Pshgf JolQm ;b:o

-r_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Ln] ;ldltsf] ;lrj eO{ sfo{ ug]{ ;lrj

aLdf lrgf/L %&

aLdf P]g, @)$( n] aLdf Joj;fo Jojl:yt, lgoldt, ljsl;ttyf lgolGqt ug{sf nflu ;ldltnfO{ lgDgfg';f/sf] sfd, sQ{Jo /clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 .

!= aLdf Joj;fonfO{ Jojl:yt, lgoldt, ljsl;t tyf lgolGqtug{sf] nflu gLlt lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfjlbg],

@= aLdfaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd nufgL ug{sf] nflu gLlt lgwf{/0fu/L k|fyldstf If]q tf]Sg],

#= aLds, aLdf clestf{, ;e]{o/ jf bnfnsf] btf{ / gljs/0f ug]{tyf btf{ vf/]h ug]{, u/fpg],

$= aLds tyf aLldt aLrsf] jfb ljjfbdf dWo:ytf ug]{,

%= aLdf bfloTj lgwf{/0fsf ;DaGwdf aLds lj?4 aLldtn] lbPsf]ph"/L pk/ lg0f{o ug]{,

&= aLdf Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf aLdsnfO{ ;do–;dodf cfjZos lgb]{zglbg] .

&= aLldtsf] lxt /Iffsf] lglDt cfjZos cfwf/ th'{df ug]{, /

*= aLdf Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg] .

jf/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zgx?(Frequently Asked Question)

!= aLdf ;ldlt eg]sf] s] xf] <aLdf If]qnfO{ ljsl;t, Jojl:yt, lgoldt tyf lgolGqt ug{sf nfluaLdf P]g, @)$( cg';f/ :yflkt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfoQ lgodgsf/Llgsfo xf] .

%* aLdf lrgf/L

@= aLdf ;ldltn] s] s] sfd u5{ <;ldltn] b]xfo adf]lhd sfd ub{5 M–

!= aLdf Joj;fonfO{ Jojl:yt, lgoldt, ljsl;t tyf lgolGqt ug{sf]nflu gLlt lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj lbg],

@= aLdfaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] /sd nufgL ug{sf] nflu gLlt lgwf{/0fu/L k|fyldstf If]q tf]Sg],

#= aLds, aLdf clestf{, ;e]{o/ jf bnfnsf] btf{ / gljs/0f ug]{tyf btf{ vf/]h ug]{, u/fpg],

$= aLds tyf aLldt aLrsf] jfb ljjfbdf dWo:ytf ug]{,

%= aLdf bfloTj lgwf{/0fsf ;DaGwdf aLds lj?4 aLldtn] lbPsf]ph"/L pk/ lg0f{o ug]{,

^= aLdf Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf aLdsnfO{ ;do–;dodf cfjZos lgb]{zglbg] .

&= aLldtsf] lxt /Iffsf] lglDt cfjZos cfwf/ th'{df ug]{, /

*= aLdf Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg] .

#= aLdf ;ldltsf] tfn's dGqfno (Line Ministry) s'g xf] <cy{ dGqfno xf] .

$= aLdf ;ldlt sxfFF 5 <s'k08f]n !), nlntk'/df 5 .

%= aLdf ;ldlt slxn] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] <lj=;= @)@% df .

^= aLdf slt k|sf/sf x'G5g <aLdf d'Votof tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M

!= hLjg aLdf @= lghL{jg aLdf #= k'gaL{df .

&= hLjg aLdf eg]sf] s] xf] <

hLjg aLdf eGgfn] s'g} JolQmsf] hLjg ;DaGwdf lghsf] cfo'sf]

aLdf lrgf/L %(

cfwf/df ls:tfaGbL a'emfpg] u/L s'g} vf; /sd lt/]df lghn] jflghsf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf lghsf] xsjfnfn] s'g} vf; /sd kfpg]u/L ul/g] s/f/ ;DaGwL Joj;fo xf] .

*= lghL{jg aLdf eg]sf] s] xf] <lghL{jg aLdf eGgfn] hLjg aLdf Joj;fo afx]ssf cGo aLdf xf] .

(= xfn g]kfndf slt j6f aLdf sDkgLx? 5g <xfn g]kfndf b]xfo jdf]lhdsf aLdf sDkgLx? ljBdfg 5g\ .

!) aLdf Joj;fo ;DaGwL tYofs+ s;n] pknAw u/fp+b5 <aLdf ;ldltn] .

!!= jLdf clestf{ eg]sf] s] xf] <…aLdf clestf{ÚÚ eGgfn] aLdssf] tnaL sd{rf/L geO{ sldzgsf] cfwf/dfaLdssf] tk{maf6 sfd ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQm xf] .

!@= slt of]Uotf ePsf] JolQmn] clestf{ x'g kfp+5 <

sDtLdf P;=Pn=;L= kf; tyf aLdf ;ldlt jf ;ldltn] tf]s] jdf]lhdjLdsaf6 tflnd k|fKt JolQmn] clestf{ jGg kfpFb5 .

!#= ;e]{o/ eg]sf] s] xf] <……;e]{o/ÚÚ eGgfn] Ifltu|:t ;+klQsf] cfly{s d"Nof+sg ug{ Ohfht k|fKt JolQmxf] . ;f] zJbn] P8h:6/ / gf]S;fgL d"Nof+sg ug]{nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

^) aLdf lrgf/L

!$= ;e]{o/ x'gnfO{ s] slt of]Uotf rflxG5 <aLdf ;ldltaf6 hf/L k|s[of k'/fu/L tnsf dWo] s'g} Ps of]Uotf k'/fx'g' kg]{5MM

s_ s'g} aLdssf] sfof{nodf clws[t:t/sf] kbdf slDtdf bz jif{;DdaLdf ;DaGwL sfo{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf],

v_ OlGhlgo/LË ljifodf slDtdf :gfts pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf],

u_ dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6 jLdf ;DjGwL ljifodf sDtLdf :gftspkfwL xfl;n u/]sf],

3_ rf6{8 PsfpG6]G;L k/LIff ptL{0f u/]sf] .

!%= aLdf+sL eg]sf] s] xf] <aLdf+sLo lj1fgdf :gfts u/]sf] jLdf ;DjGwL bfloTj tyf ;DkQLsf]d"NofÍg ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ aLdf+sL elgG5 .

!^= aLdf bfjL ;DjGwL ljjfb ePdf aLldtn] sxfF ph'/L ug]{ <aLdf ;ldltdf .

!&= k'gaL{df eg]sf] s] xf] <……k'gaL{dfÚÚ eGgfn] aLdsn] hf]lvd wf/0f ug]{ c+zeGbf a9L c+zsf] k'gMaLdf ug]{ k|s[of xf] .

!*= aLdf bnfn eg]sf] s] xf] <……bnfnÚÚ eGgfn] aLdf Joj;fo ;+aGwdf aLds÷aLds aLr dfWodsf]?kdf sfd ug{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQm xf] .

!(= hLjg aLdf slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ <hLjg aLdf tLg k|sf/sf 5g\ M—

-s_ cfhLjg hLjg aLdf .

-v_ ;fjlws hLjg aLdf .

-u_ DofbL hLjg aLdf .

aLdf lrgf/L ^!

@)= lghL{jg aLdf slt k|sf/sf x'G5g\ <lghL{jg aLdf lgDgadf]lhd 5g\ M–

-s_ clUg aLdf .

-v_ df]6/ aLdf .

-u_ ;fd'lb|s aLdf .

-3_ OlGhlgol/Ë tyf 7]s]]bf/ hf]lvd aLdf .

-ª_ xjfO{ aLdf .

-r_ ljljw aLdf .

@!= n3'aLdf eg]sf] s] xf] <æn3'aLdfÆ eGgfn] Go"g cfo, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ef}uf]lns sf/0faf6hf]lvd pGd'v au{sf AolQm tyf ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/L lghx?sf]hLjg tyf ;DklQsf] ;'/If0f ug{ ul/g] aLdf xf] .

@@= aLdf hf]lvd eg]sf] s] xf] <ck|Tofl;t ?kdf s'g} 36gf 36L jLdf ul/Psf] ljifo j:t'df kg{ ;Sg]xfgL gf]S;fgL u/fpg] ;DefJo 36gf g} aLdf hf]lvd xf] .

@#= aLdf sDkgL / k'gaL{df sDkgLdf s] km/s 5 <aLdf sDkgLn] ljldtsf] hf]lvd /Iffj/0f u5{ eg] k'gjL{df sDkgLn]aLdsn] hf]lvd wf/0f ug]{ c+z eGbf a9L c+zsf] k'gM aLdf ug]{ ub{5 .

@$= jfnL tyf kz'k+IfLsf] aLdf clestf{sf] Ohfht lbg] lgsfo s'gxf] <aLdf ;ldlt xf] .

^@ aLdf lrgf/L

aLdf lrgf/L ^#

lghL{jg aLdf sDkgLx?

hLjg aLdf sDkgLx?

aLdf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ gDa/

^$ aLdf lrgf/L

k'gaL{df aLdf sDkgLx?

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aLdf lrgf/L