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(CONTENTS)(UNIT)

3?e2TrJT- I

1 - ira^R cTSJT •4ii^p! fcîR (Enlightenment and Modern Ideas)

1.1 \3t?2T (Objectives)

-\.2 y«ncni (Introduction)

1.3 • (Renaissance)

1.4 ^ 5^ (Era of Enlightenment)

1.5 TJpffcir? (Capitalism)

1.6 £nf^£fR-3Tf^t^ (Movement of Religious Reform)

1.7 ^ tRTR (Expansion of Socialist Ideas)

1.8 ?'p[-s ^ (Socialism in England)

' 1.9 tpra ^ '«*tivflqi<; (Socialism in France)

1.10 ^5^ (Socialism in Russia)

1.11 ^ 'WHMclK (Socialism in Germany)

1.12 (Marxist Socialism)

1.13 *11^ ^ >FFlTyTcrR cFT wtnq (Form of Socialism According to Marx)

1.14 wKi?! (Summary)

• (Exercise Questions)

• TTST (Reference Books)

1-30

228

1317

202122232424

2529

/ 3030

f^l^ 2 - W (Origin of Modern Politics)

2.1 (Objectives) ^

2.2 UWIcRl (Introduction)

2.3 ■ (American Revolution)

• 2.4 SI *1^14?! ^ FiTStJH (American Constitution)

2.5 g?f 'ilvjilri’ifcT (Revolution of France)

2.6 Siiqiw'i' (Chartist Movement)

2.7 r!?)cTff%5P ^ (Development of British Democratic Politics)

2.8 'ti’3tiiPiq’ (Constitutional Reforms)

2.9 5^ 4i^K (Open Market)

2.10 TfRT?! (Summary)

(Exercise Questions)

• TTSj (Reference Books)

31-64

31313239

455354

576163

6464

III

65-82^4>l^ 3 - 3ll3lPl4> (Industrial Revolution)>

3.1 (Objectives)

3.2 y'WW'il (Introduction)tsnf^ ^ (Scientific and Technical Background)

3.4 afldlRich # ft (Why does Industrial Revolution occurred in England.firstly?) 67

^ (Development of Industrial Revolution)

65

65

663.3

713.5753.6783.7 'M‘iivJiqi

81V'MKi?i (Summary)

(Exercise Questions) li8T (Reference Books)

3.88182

83-984 - JFlt# (Nation-State System) .

4.1 (Objectives)

4.2 y+dNdl (Introduction)4.3 isft ?ldl«fl ^ ^1^5(414 <f>T vJfSJFf (Arise of Nationalism in 19"' Century)

4.4 gjT tjg?ra>^ (Integration of Germany)

4.5 fitwraj (Bismark)

4.6 tTci5tcR^ (Integration of Italy)

4.7 (Count Kaboor)

4.8 '«NT?I (Summary)

aT«TRT-tf75T (Exercise Questions)^ (Reference Books)

83

83

85

86

89

91

95

97

98

98rII

99-105^<ti|f 5 - (t>ifa (Revolution)

5.1 (Objectives)

5.2 (introduction)

5.3 (Russian Revolution)

5.4 dixi?! (Summary)

3rwiRT-y?^ (Exercise Questions) Tra (Reference Books)

99

99

100\ 105

105105

106-111^4)|f 6 - uf^-jDifcl (Counter Revolution)

6.1 vStw (Objectives)

6.2 y'KiNii (Introduction)

106

106

iv

1076.3 (Fascism)

.6.4 -iiMflqiq (Nazism)

6.5 -tlKiSI (Summary)

(Exercise Questions)TfsT (Reference Books)

fgnf 7- ^ : ^>R®T mRuIIH, inTT^

(The First World War : Causes and Consequences, Eco-Socio Impact)

7.1 (Objectives)

7.2 U'kIMHT (Introduction)

7.3 USTO ^ ^ (Main Causes of First World War)

7.4 ^ ^ 3nf§t5> Sik 'HHifvl'S (Eco-Socio Impact of War)

7.5 ^TRm (Summary)

(Exercise Questions)• ■ 3151 (Reference Books)

109

111

111111

nM26

112

112\ 113

121

125

126126

8 - Itcfki ^ sfN mRuiih,(The Second World War : Causes and Consequences, Eco-Socio Impact)

(Objectives)

ywiN'ii (Introduction)(Background of Second World War)

^ ^ (Causes of Second World War)

^ ^ pnra tjg qkÎlH (Impact and Consequences of Second World War)

^TRf?T (Summary) ' -

srrtjnr (Exercise Questions)Trai (Reference Books)

127-144

1278.11278.21288.31298.41388.51438.6144144

Cim f^dK (UNO and the Global Disputes)

(Objectives)

y«iiq'ii (Introduction)

^ rT8JT (UNO and the Global Disputes)

^rggcT ^ (UNO: Internal Structure)

^TRi?T (Summary)

StwiRT-Rtg (Exercise Questions)• TTST (Reference Books)

145-155q<t>i^ 9-

1459.11459.21469.31489.4

‘1549.5154155

✓-V

5^1^ 10- ^ (Liberation from Colonial Rule)

lO.i (Objectives)

•10.2 Q’-wR'ii (Introduction)

10.3 37^ ^ (Egypt in Arab World) . /

. 10.4 3it^cf5T-7rr4? ^ cflchdoi 3fJ7(South Africa : From Color Discrimimtion Policy to Democracy)

10.5 ^ (Opposing of Color Discrimination outside South Africa)

10.6 ijf^rar ^ f^rzirrM (Vietnam in South-East Asia)

10.7 ’ 7TRr?T (Summary)

• ■ (Exercise Questions)Tfw (Reference Books)

IS6-170156156157159

162164

169

170170

Vi

1

■praVSTT cTSIT ft^nr(Enlightenment and Modern Ideas)

TIT^RT (Structure)

1.1 "3^^ (Objectives)1.2 5Wr43I (Introduction)1.3 (Renaissance) ^1.4 iraHl^ ^ ^ (Era-of Enlightenment)1.5 (Capitalism)1.6 MTfguTT-siKlcHH (Movement of Religious Reform)1.7 ^ iraR (Expansion of Socialist Ideas)1.8 WsraR (Socialism in England)

1.9 IfTO WTTsraK (Socialism in France) /1.10 WHMctK (Socialism in Russia)1.11 jTiM '4' (Socialism in Germany)1.12 • yHl>4slK (Marxist Socialism)1.13 ^ (Form of Socialism According to Marx)1.14 (Summary)

• (Exercise Questions)I >

• Tl’«T (Reference Books)

. /1.1 ^^<4 (Objectives)

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^yr ?Ri yyfyy rrf 44 ^nyFilw yii ■3y4 y4 4 yr4n rtri ^ 3j4W ^ feyi, yî' yft yRy^yr 3i?r yR.yt, yiyftyt yn fyyiF %■ aiTyRnr Iry, any’ 441 arfyynr af^yl^y f^x^, axfyyn?! y^nr yRpy yR 14'^ artr yl4 yTyrarf yyiTFi yft Ypn yft Pi74qidi 4r5 yR 4ti a47, yyy Fp^syty yTR fy? ^ylldy^ yy ^ .yyr mi 4 ^ny Ft4 yn fyyR cypi 14yi rrti

18 f^y ?fR^ ((560 ^ 4 2007 t PR?)

^ '^'101 3?k ^ TJ^ ^cjcti-f^fSr? ?T Tj^ni

S^lt^T «5I3'^Ri % TTRR? ^ ^ STFft I^RrZrTT % îTRT 1529 % fc^s)^ % ^PRT^

■^[5 riy+ '^RTT ^ ^ f^sfl? ^ ft(fl*J 'f^rzni cj«T ■4' Tm5 tm 'nî ^ fy^ *f} ferr f% yliû-e a^KfrR ^ % t?■yR«7 f I =R^:uliwue ^ 'IRT fsrf^ -q?^ 8III

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faWSTT ( 1600 )

yii}qn '\m 3«yPf=fi' /&RH-

7im«h , ■fl'lcll

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' ■qî 3TFn 3ffT ^Rpft irsn qff ■q^cRcn qî "qr qflRRrn q^' ^ qî qrnifti-qTR^ft Iqnk tft

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qqr qff <*ir!iivi qft, qt W’m, lîqm' Tjfg qt ^ qî 31rr'1 Rft •^^jfq % ?7q 1531 •^' '^TTO Rft rTw’ % 5RT R JTrf.-qTT^tft 3#q aTF«RqT wfh? RT^rT

^ ^ qq, ^1

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q^, '^®R rfW ^ q>il^H qr ’ft ifq qq ■sqffq ci'id qsrfq trcr r -sq^sTj Toqi qi afh qqf^ qfrqqfq ^'i -yr^dy qq Tqq-qfRfqror q^ qfru qq^ % arm Iqqii f^, Rl«nniT^=h qft qra qq^ Rt qf 37qqt Rif^«mi % rtr fqqft y=t>K qn yq^ldi q^ qq RqRI *711

qqii qqf^qq A Ti^n sfk q4CKSMIfl

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qifrTqrft^ ft rij.

f^?<i ?Rmm (lioo I ft 20071 -lih) 19

rfw aja i\ î i6^T •?T^'t ^ sfa agr '4' TF?ta aft wrai Vt ai îV^^naPia?,■1?^ ^ 'l^feaa'/aafanTj^ ■5^ ^ sft^ yifviiâla sa’I ■^' ‘ai'i[?aât5l’ yii ^7 aiiW?ra ^yif^ aa snair aa aari ?a aa aif^raf ^ a^j ip-n, faaafia>2 a Tia ■^T aar Tsai

%?ftweB miÊrrr-16^' % a«? ^ ’ft snaifaftyui vj^ aa ftar ai 1aF arRf a^ pa-'aêa â ata % aifta.sih atniar ar i\ a% fâ a’jn ai'g, atâaicT HI (1534-1539) % iraa •5a: ata aft afa^ Taifaa af a|-'<ai’afaa> ^ ata % ana' ar ’ft%aai aft aaa iaai arr^ arari %atf^ ^ aft aar ataa aaia a?r-^ 'aaa aFaqyt ’]fa^fa’a^ % Tjar ’jcTj^ ^&faa? '^ftiaa aftaan (1491-1556) "î aa^ 'âtfara? a^ a? ^-K'-si^ % f^ jtai’aa ^ saaata atnj iraRaff aa ija? aai aaiar-'Society of Jesus' far^f% «aaa •aiFan^ *ti â aaRaft ^ faf’aa atar afpfaaff % lataa ^ ararai ■^' ara^ afa saa^’aa aiaraii fan:, f^T^ '^ftata aar! ’f %ytfaraft ^ 3a?a^ faiar, aafaftaf aft '5a: %2Ttâ> aarai aftT str'i yaftnai aft ftaai ^ aiFT ’ft favraftaf % rtkri ^ ■^sat%a7 aa aa aaR-aaR ^ 'îl 'A' fî aa aarR. aft ^ ^ at 8irfa it arart af^ aa araftan aar^'acr3Tiaif^7 "R ift Ft ati

%«itfea? infgaR aaft a’lr’ (1543-1563) aft ’ft aFcaipt ’{taaî rsti 'ijaa' aft oqqf*n aft lasifea ait at—aufa ata aft aafaâr, ■aacaiRia: ife ^ aft ati f^ ’it, ?a •a’asff ^ a^ % a^jf aft f^ ar ftaT, aKftai' aft-aifaa fâjr-'^yi an aaa, % sTfafiaa aiR<î anat a ■sra ’aa^ aft at aiaai, OTraa'i taafi ar ita trr

-aa'at ana! a aiaRat % snf&ar aia aa aiaa'a 'ta %xf ar? f^ ^Kftfaar-a^ aft afaMi

a 3awi, ■aaanff aft wf^riha -wr^ afi

la:- araa ana a aia agiaar fa^ 1111Fa aa’f a ^ afaarat TiaRi ’ft n^, faM laiafi' aft ijal âi7 aa Ta%

«(te“^K an aa^ fâfa aaaii la; aaffaraat (Inquisition) aft asnaar % aai, arifa '^‘ if an aaa 3af^-3aiaianal

faa at, laa' a^ aft %«frfcaar ara^ aia laRar^ ^^faat % ?ri tt^ agar an âaaâr tfii

1,7 f^rarff 'T^nr (Expansion of Socialist Ideas)

, ’■ftatf^rar natal a^n sa^faar FltiFia nt ari aF^ ^ aatfa' Ta% aft^nanasâ fa^ a aa? aa ia aft ^ja^^nra iti ^faar % art a njjtata ’ârfaiar ?na anf’i^fe sss'fl wi^t % awi ctaa HiasqT % aw? aai Fcial it, faaat f^tr a^ a a^ it at 1 ■^ttraiTaat aft fafcRaw eyiHK

anan aFF^ % 3fa a at aisferaâr an ana i3a, faa ■'jntaia.aiFTaftn aaiM ^ aia^'

a^ arf^jar 3narfCT % arai ti ’âtaia an aaaR t, aifuanfaa? ^’i aan# % 1^ at ar Fraranaai lat nra Faanar ar îfaana narfafai

374oqqtai F^ at sîfifhar faana ar fîTi afta farai, faaa itâi 'Hat % FTRrâ njfta aftalPict) sfitfa ai ai’ra iftii sftiitfaa anfa an aatf'aa a’aa afu 'aiaiPaar yaan asii FTTfSia'aai -aiart^ aroaHar f^-afaf^ f^ Fiat ai ntt ati -ai^F^' at a«)fe aai fa^fnf aft fatfacn % ^ nait 1^ 3ltn a^ an n^ «fti

20 /Vâ sffmR (1500 i 7f 2067 I

smTJ^ % ^ ^ ('^^3TT '^), V^hl-r (/W/

dc^n(^ % ^rtpfl' ■'R *n, ti^pKi ('sl'nl^Mi), ^ ^ -sfk

3mf 9R?if^ ^ 8?n

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1.8 9'As ■ftf (7m'jic(r? (Socialism in England)

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im 3?/^^^- fym crq Tsnisft' fsr^ rrerr -it "wur^TEiK ak^ -skskmi «FT # fkn tni

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q?i4i

■f%T7 ■RTi -qzirff ■r' yrn^T trai^ 4r TpT^n: fn«i Ikn îri tj4 ttui 4' 'Hfîfka i/4ra 'S fiy^ ■>!' ^VR rfi i\ w, %§ 9rfwf grlf âni 9rfii47l' -1 fki?i nW îfei 3tr1?r

4<ni4ii ITT 3Tf^r?B % 34411 RRfRI 3TRni

1.9 TRW (Socialism in France)

TfifytTTt TTRTSrar^ 41 TTFTTW î?kT 4TTRS W TTT|I7H «ll TKITT ^l.ys'-lil ’^ffa '4: TTirq 4gWf 41 1T4T4 «TTI 41371 ^ 4 3T441 •Slftng: T41I ‘4 ^ fW^^PldV *1 3VT4 feiyRl 41

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*?ii g 'luid'jieiiM' % '3^17^ % ^1 TpTirr^ ^ -^ra y*''^-?'' <'«« ^niifi*' M’-hi

ri ■q ^TRff i3ni 7|5^ 'ft •qftfwfft ft 33% ^fftfty 1ft>^l 3133:, 1905 ft IJTO % 'H'ft yni'^t'^Kl 'ft x^3> ^ 3^1 'ZIF i<*dHitsH ^3rfft?! 3*11 «Tft3 3ft 3*2RS13T ^ =HK‘'i ft33 ^ *31 1914 3313?I fSIPft -fftfty 31T3I T?TI TITO ft ?dft3ft' 33 33^ 3ft .ft^ lift 3^ %3T413llftf ft' ^1 3131^1 1^331 311 ^ 3fft3ft ft shiTcidiift 33341313 33 31331 f^lt 1894 ft ‘i''iaft 3i 3?tzjy 333 3>T ftt T7^ ft' 33 ftT33 3311 «lRci ft ^13ra3K % W '3iff333ft 381 33 ftt-giaUfftirft^ 3?^ op ‘ ^37W 3173 373c^' 3T33T '51331 3ft T33I 3ftl 3*T3 f3?3 '55 ■% 5^ Wfttftt.3f33ft ft '3^-'3ftt esaicrl 3ftI 3*13 13^ '^5 333 ft wift'^lpi'd 'xlft't' ft3 ft 333 3ft

■ 31331 % 313 ftî3i1 333 '31131 311 f33II

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1.10 iTOFSigT^ (Socialism in Russia)

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ft -531 ft3 3ft 1*3331 3ftl 1878 ft' ft'3 ft' 'liftt 5lftT3ft' 33 TUft 1T3’ 33 fftfftui 13313ftfpfl311')l '% ■53lf'T31 ft 33lft' 3ft 133333; 313®! -311181^131 fftn 13131 *31 fftig,

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f373 jfWFm (ISOO i 'M .7(7(77 £ Tf^y 2i

V'iihfl fW 3775/^ ^ ■%! îr<41{ ?fcT^ dRri<4iilq *fl. ^ % ■'TR ^ uftr^ ■§3T1I ^ ■^'1917 «iHi«iqi'(1 5rrfiT ftRT% '+i(nw<y''H '=^1 '4' W^lcfl^ ^ '?1

1.11 'fl4’il if (Socialism in Germany)

■Sfjfrr T^' ■^RR^ll^ ^ ^ jII^T or#>^f 4pl<f=l (^Ti^f% ?rfe) rl2?T TTtTl^('3?rni5 ■^51^ ^«n Peiclc^ dln^tsi)! i864 i' ?i ijr^

% i TJi^r ^ ^ ^ tni 1875 iTTT^ % % -HT^ Tyti 3^ 1^ gij Tft«n ■^‘ ‘^JI^ :tql^Pdch -qr^’ ^ -rniqrq ^|???^ 31TW ^2T{ #=f^ % ?q8Tl' 3TT Ipini 3TRn T# Tfr^ "1Hi'Iqjffi 1%^ 7f8ll ^ 1895 tT^ "^l

•j|4-i1 tiHi'Jiqi'O TFT Mil l<sq.^ qtlsi^'i TT^TT^ '

■■T#^ fî ^5^ t|' y4>(Hdi w iTftr^nfv^ #n1 i ^M=t ttt^ ^ -arm^T^ %^'l=!i<rt ^‘^l^fdqi Hidf % %I3i' ^ w44t ^ Ti'î'ilRiq) ^T?81I3ff i IFT^flcTI 'T^l i d-ÎH■?«TTMf IN-ftPd i •Ftwff^r ^ ^ TJT*? t^l Srptr^tJ^ #rTf ^ 1FTM=1 TIT^ ^ '3^ STFlt‘dlPd'q'l 7T*n ■^RRiaff i Ml ’nfi.qcf-l 1891 M y'lVM iMl^Pd'h ’IT^ 4 l!,<9i4 ^rMsFl M' SFFff Mtfd yctiiRiw '5if, ST^TTR '{'3ilqi«, % araMn ?TpT=f^' % 1tai' ^'Tajr an tfift iVgi Trail fflti

?ilî;ii^1 an nan ûnMMla aunfarn sifnaPi' % Man M' '^, anafapy M anft a tfi-wi % n?R M âR aai anM nil afrftalaal i ûr % %n ■aarar an an nan tq?q^* % artn nAsii^ ■^nt^ftar nr^ aff nai a^ nararar^ ai^ an nafi

arpfâfsif 4 ancarjyf ’jfnan amar nfaaa M nmaaT^ fîd % Tran MSHt^Psq)

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1.12 Hi<»4e)(41 TramraK (Marxist Socialism)

5^: sn^faar nmniaT^ laarcf an TiMtaT an^ nraM ^b1 mm aTm ti maM an am 5 n|, 18I8 an mMnt % aa> a^. nftaR i |3n an afn faâfamFia i Imsn ana an:4 %^Pd^m affr a#i an n^ srtaan faraii n;^ warier Hia4 Mftn "aFiT nai, mm anaPf g^nana n^^Fa mam n miaR an nai ai sffr am^ % annaiM an mfniai an nai an n^Ht ’ff 'sn a^r a^ rnmfmar nftjimfn i Ra-i ai 3^ am tifp ^nm nftaf silr aftam i ^few % tam lanRnar nma aPt amivi M an - ’ .

naaici maM n amjn, anaaK 1nan^ nr q4il % aiiaanftal i %

nar ark mMn i ft, ml

mak f11nn^^M,?ni^fM1an mniPna) n^nf n mafan nn^ taakl' nr nmi nTna nfi an maM ^ nftn arm i maM afh: aH1 aft nnft fnanr ?t nat, ntnt Tim M nirnM, fnfmn annnt nFatn laimlaar an nmi 3^k 4 sifaam 1^ fâar fniraM M fn?iaaann fman smM anfiranft anal % anmi maM aft amM mtan % smar aa am amntfnai namft % mm 4 mint, ntar^ 34t ann 4 aiFi fanm n4i stnn: ma4 aft nfan 3nni nsr, mm a?’ tafem T2[fman aft fmaft aft a^ 4 fm T5Ti i848 4 ma4 34t y,4cr^ 4 fnararr 'nnaai^ arami-na' mrrt fmai, ftm4 nml^ nn 1aam aft mat aft, mt ann aft a^rn Tr?as(nfn sik ara 4 r830 34t i848 % Pqslel aft ma 4 -Mi 3mt4 atami-aa 4 nn nna % faark, ânam, namm 34c mt-ak % nftamrfaar m4 aft 3naitam aft 34i nr^ fmai far mnm % kn< 4 ant -îM n4t nsî.nmtn amar

- . 24 /a?a ?/dff/n (isoo t 4 2007 t- nar;

^ gri TT^ vm r^vK

^ afll ■R^ ^ ^ ■g^J^ fRra STTfR 1%gTi

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. Î'FI 500 "PP^ yqiiPîci ^1 IflfiS'i *^rqqH cITf^ gi! ^R ^3RT 3TR^ <JiPl

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1.13 Hictfl % ^

(Form of Socialism According to Marx)

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(1500 t « 2007 i <W) 25

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f^FTI F^n, o[F «TT—'* SrfiTîK % f^Fl 'ticiwH FF7 sfk 't)c|e<) F^l”

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TFjFTHw

(Origin of Modern Politics)

■HTcRT (Structure)

2.1 '3:^ (Objectives)2.2 TOilnHi (Introduction)2.3 SinOtnl fifRi (American Revolution)'2.'1 ^ (American Constitution)

■ 2.5 IPTH ^ <i'^5biRi (Revolution of France)2.6 (Chartist Movement)2.7 eiWaiT;i'ti

(Development of British Democratic Politics)2.8 ÛirH4i (Constitutional Reforms)2.9 (Open Market)

2.10 «HRi (Summary)• (Exercise Questions)• IT^ Tl'«T (Reference Books)

2.1 (Objectives)

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■iiiyj'W. 'iM'flfo '-hi2.6 arf^trR (Chartist Movement)

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2.9 <niÛ (Open Market)

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2.10 MKiVi (Summary)

• sn^r^ ^ rnysi ^sn ^ ^^ ^3R?n 'sra ^ nlfsa ■!, rR ^ ?tTT 3TI^?q^ ?^.'ti

'sn <H<nai ^ ^ ^ oR^ 'S'fR! % ^ ^ ■'siHî ^ fi^Rl >3^ H-il«;'tr

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• Rafi?! '«<qiK qit |q '^niqiiO ilRiql qii^xi SinOfqvqT 3TFsFit7I 4^ qqil 3n4

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■g^q, 1^14 4^ ^ fq4qsqjqq

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4 37k «ql-cqqq

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/q?q ji/i/gw (ismi t 4 m)7 i’. qs/i 6i

^ ^ ^ ^ fra ■^Ti

TR %?ITI <X(q^|ql-'^J 'aRl^

«TT 1^ TFro ■4 ^ oqq^|41-ops ^'t VfcTOI ^ ■5^^^,

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aiHUd ■g'i IITO -S^lshl OHH=»i

^ ■R'Trf^ *n afSr ^ ’î^niTrH=n VT % •JiF # 3Pra ^ i^+hm ^nwi^ ti■%Z

mRiJIwT ^ ^ folTol ^ "^fl ^ intnui ^', ^ '5TO ^ <i'>‘HshiS^ (1789)

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aTWF-Tr?^ (Exercise Questions)

3i*^R=nl îRrl % =6171111 ^

3|*^R=t)l sniTci % 'a’TI^ ^ RtR? ^1

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2.

3.

4.

5-

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(Industrial Revolution)

TTTERT (Structure)

3.1 (Objectives)3-2 ywi<a-ii (Introduction)3.3 (Scientific and Technical Background)3.4 -n't ?

(Why does Industrial Revolution occured in Englknd firstly?)3.5 wRt efn (Development of Industrial Revolution)

. 3.6 (Industrialisation)3.7 ■aDal'll'tiW (Socialist Industrialisation)

3.8 Wtf?! (Summary) •• (Exercise Questions)• W (Reference Book.s)

3.1 (Objectives)

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TT^-TT^(Nation-State System)

^TTSFTT (Structure)

4.1 (Objectives)

4.2 ywR-ii (Introduction)

4.3 19'^ ■q' ^ (Arise,of Nationalism in 19““ Century)

4.4 . (Integration of Germany)

4.5 (Bismark) ■ ■

4.6 ^ t(5fi=RW (Integration of Italy)

4.7 . qiKs'Jq (Count Kaboor)

4.8 *HKi?l (Summai'y)

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• (Reference Books)

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4.4 -flkgl W y^ch1cb<ui (Integration of Germany)

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(Revolution)

HTtRT (Structuio)

5.1 ■5^ (Objectives)

5.2 Mwiq-if (Introduction)

5.3' ■^nfcl (Russian Revolution)

5.4 «KiVi (Summary)

• 3T«ire W! (Exercise Questions)

• (Reference Books)

5.1 (Objectives)

w % 3Twm % if^-• ^ 3T5VR^ ^ 3iq'ia ifffi• % qinui, Tl’ira, ^ •sIMetiid 'JITO

5.2 MWictii (Introduction)

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if^

^ «i«ie(Kl f^wtira % a^TOR’qr wirgry.EFi^, ^T>ft?T,tTwR

TT^ •??TT 9^ ^ ^', 3TcITf^ ^ "q^ Vft ^ gjfRr qn oqiqgr ^^71^ q^| ^ iV yni'JieTK'l-sraTOi qft TOiqqi ^fror 'k % ^rqrfq têf TOt 3tot ^ i:^^ 'ft ^ TOTTOT^ B*7I *<i««tqis1 Iq^K^Ki •nlqiPjiqai I TOITOT^ ^7=hl< 'ft?q '4' TO7I aiKfcTHi ?ff y'lfîg'i fî 'jq: TOffer tt^' '^' 'ft TOiroi^'^ft TOiqqr ?tq rrqfi ?fr ■Srq '^‘ TfqifTOT, ■^, STTOlfTOT, '^5?', ^T'f'ft ^r^lR 'd' «i*qqK qftTOiqqr ^ '^Îqi-O ■srm ^ ■^qri w f^ro^ Ejt ^-'{•jiIctkI afR wTOTqt ^ 1^1 ^ % mkwR* trng % qroq vfRr-'^s 'sik’i^ TOT aftr TT^^t^TOT efft iif»iqi ^ it qf 1TOisft lit ^ ^ 3iM0=t>1 TT^qli qrrqf ^?T«n ?i)|qqci TT^fqffr ‘i'lqf’=qlq qft Rio^ qmly. *Tt Î ^TO «lfqqa TO 3T^ j«h^l q TOT

fTnRflii, ^ wHi'Jiqi'O toIet ^ TrofroirTT ^ 'T^ T1 ^1

• TOTR afarfE^ crm tt^-to rt ^ sFfftr to tottot 3T'to 9^1 to ^ i % 3tot t<t toRt ^ wfqron ■^' nf i, fro w to TOiftr qft afR f^, to

TOTTORt Î fqîlqch^ rjittil TOT 3T^tT if 1to^ ^ 13;^ TOTTlfro TOTO Tj'TTT, TO ^fR 'ft lITOrfRj fl

l^ftiichriiM (Student ^tivity)1. ‘ q'lWlfqq> 97^' RT ftTOFt %^l

2. ‘to^ ■qr 'fqqft' arrqTO tot Turof ^?

104’ ?/F?7R (1500 i Tf 2007 t cTT;

5.4 TfTfTl?! (Summary)

• 18^' im 20^ wi5^. ci^ ^ ?t?i ■55T.•qî -fegi 1917 ^ ^,•9?^ fferf t^-TFsrftfh #r fliiPifif '^tcTt sn 'JiK.idi?! aft wHiKi 'Sik % cTfTvtTf 3n^

• 'M ■^’ yMMqis ^ 4i<r!l4II

• 19^ J(iai«<{l ^1903 ^ 3T^ «m?iqi<0 ^rif ^ ■'TOT ^3^11 1895

<?*?/ 1903 ^

wMiaNK'l -ftr^Rwr ^ ^ ■q^ «^ti i 895OT1<l

i—‘ qV?)fq^q/^’ I90T q- '91^' ^«n -^nl^rd^. qrz!’ wrqi ^ xmlf^ qî'i ■^'

^TerffM^) Hexq'ûl ‘qV^lIqq! ^', (^fOT) ^ 1%qil

• 19^ VlciT<l % 'OTi' tiHi'Ji shiTd'iff % ^RT^f qff^ ttII <HHi'n JTlf&q) TJ^'. yiHlRsiqr Iq^Hai îm M^l IqJt'mlVqiR qrqr ■OT^T ^TR % ^hism yl^Ria 3icqci

^1 ^ qft 3TftWT9T 'jfil 3Tk 3FT Mg^'i.'jf OT^ 3TrfV9<q «TTI3Tiik ^^ ^qmiaiT =FT sTftrqTR «tt a^fir 3Tq^ q^' qn qrjr ^qqVi qn;^ fqra^

Rqrq "qR! «ni ^jsRt str i^Rq q^ ^Tqqr sfh qq^ OTq "qi % ■?ffqq qqIqiqTR i\H\ q^ «nt iq% -Riq '^r qrt *ft qrt| fr^ qt, qqff^ ^r ql ■otr qqf % ■rtr

^ Rii fqR, qqq îqq ^3 % ■qqq ^rqqî q^t qqf qrnqr fTqT, «-i^l nlîk, t?q qrâraOTtq ^1 'ot^^ ■qfer^ qqr qr^' qft ■rrirt qRi^ qfi qq

' “^jqqTq 'ott^ 'qfqiq ^ ^qq otr tî

3T*UTFr-WT (Exercise Questions)

1. ■gqfq qq qqi 3T«{ t, FTqt qqfq ■fqrR% 1qF3

2. 1917 qft rrS qq^ % ^rrqt qq fqqqq qi^ 1

3. ■q^ft q^ % qqr^ ^ ■j^qfqiR q>î

4. qRft qqfq “A qTcTtfqqr "91^ % RPl^lR RRI c^fOT qft 'jPiqq qq ■'Rty’q qftf^l

(Reference Books)

1. ■fe{?q qq FlRFTR-TTRTq cf>/iJVq<V RRf# ROT- ''jf^fTfffl

2. fq^q sfaeiy-ywf trw^, ^., ^w«#i r^rt

3. Iq^q ifqFTR—RR ^fc^yqr, f^nfjw w^t

4. sn^fqq? qq sf. »;

5. fqyq FfciFiR—qrq’W gj^R, ’TOT (3JHcJipf)i

6. 37T^fqqT fq?q ^ FfqfTR—979^ Ui-^fh, ^RRcTWte? (Îi<niî)l

7. qR^ I?t^1—/q/CT<^*< aPi'i

5/qFW (1500 t -it 2007 i fw; -105

6

(Counter Revolution)

Trr^RT (Stfuotuie)

6.1 (Objectives)6.2 ywiiqii (Introduction)6.3 ‘bmiqi'i (Fascism)6.4 (Nazism)6.5 ^f?I (Summary)

• (Exorcise Questions)• (Reference Books) .»«• —

6.1 (Objectives)

• ii'JilqiG, ^

6.2 Mtnici'ii (Introduction)

'irsRtfii gjT Mw WH, wi 3Tfti^r<t ?ii«4 % yn) >^f5fr .MtSir'll T*^rfei ^ '^1 ^ 3^ TIRTT XHqiC^'l '3R'0I 1>, WhIuK 'î^RTI |t

% 3lfiHlq=hqI^ ^’IW'I ^ 'ftmlqi'X ^ ^ XjUfft ^1 T^' '^mlqic,

^ ■Rpn -en^ 13;^ •h?i^ tp? % '4' 3j*pi ')' 32^1) ^ ■gi^f^^ 3iRn firanT^' ^ tai 52# fg^srf ^ 3'fe? w ?iT sfi^ -yuFm'#

3TTT^TJ^' ■^' 3TT7n % ^21 ?TTfiT^ ^3n «n '^tg fTTWI ft Fm vlPtl WH 3i'rr3^ T FFvft ^ ^ ^ -p: f -53 f ftraPTT sn, '*3 Wra

ftffi ^ ^ 3Tqgx aiHirniyi -qr srfv^3TSP^ FTrar^q- ^ 3'^q(l

^giFcii sp, •qr 30''l' liqreitq rn#i ciiiiXHl ft 3Itj5 Tfî 5 f f'lL; ifif, 10 virs

H!6 ftfif ?fmH (1500 t f 2007 t (7^) '

fR. 12. Slclt 3^ 3 31TiI -sTn< ^ ^ ’Pfti Stfnl ^ ^

37R H^’Ff i‘i'J'4 ?! ^1 'i'<n^<?''?, A firan^ IKI 'fti Pq^qiwHin =0 ^STTf fH«I7 3ffT

^ ‘33^ Xl^' ^ y'^qitsq'i ^<H<qii< ^ eRTTETII '^. 37^^f^Tt|^ -STlPfla, el'fit "'FJH ’’^T 3TT37iT®I '5^ 3TcRT:

^ ■RHT -^l ^ fSeTkrf^' 3ra^ sflT 3rf5j^ ET^ f^l

, ■?Fi'*FT % 'Tii^'iqm % tjRh^h Ti' ^ 'fl ii-Jilqi^ ^ 72;Er ^sfri 33«^Ni, "a^w

fq;<q^ q «pHt ^ WiqNqqi'O ?^3Tt ^ ?I ■'IPTT, ■^3fr^-^RF5raK Z^<iq 3fk Xj;?!' ’■PT^‘'H=n<;l 31^ a^[, ift ^ ftPTI 'fe' fq^q^ 'y SWcft^.friprT yi 3fR ^rtfpf P ^

>■E#! Rrfff^ (3Tpfp) % 3PVR m TT^ ^ 3PITR fiTPI TpjT «fi, 1^Rn TJ^'3iy<PR'j4 ^ R %XI. f^, Rl SRPl; STR TTHRXn %R.Rr?l'R; ■^.]

f3ni

ilf^!-V-:iTll .

<frH^5TK

6.3 (Fascism)

^*TR fq^q^.^; RiT RitPF "siRra i-iwl RH snf^ra" ^vtt rt i ^ rh spjyffR i■<?T ftsafci Êrfh F Tpfti pfm ’jtt RXR ^1 i'^fi % ^rffe etf; r Riei fegRi ipn sftT

% qiK^l Ol'Jl-li RR 3T^ aiiq^qq, ^ FTOF FP ^ qila'lPiq) ^tRTFT ¥tRT PiHru Ftxft ipfti rtri' T|f^ p ^grfft ^ ■RtTfRT FR VTRR RR %Em cIRF ■^^TR % %cr .jiirqqil RTI fn^R RF FI ?7Rff =f^ d^ldlHRTFR FI ‘RRnfFF Tjg <1^111^1 q> tHH^q|3ll FT ^?RTVN 3>T^ R 'R^F i^FF F ^1. RXipfTl'^ R 3RTTfF FT qidiqîJl FT RF FI

^ FT 3TtRFF’5^ lR®Tfil FI fRTT^TFlRRt R.RgiFI tiHMqiftF R 3TTX«T■^' f! ■grs FT Miy fFF f 3^k rrfr fi FnFft «ft If ■g^ ft rItfii if^Tt % 1fti ttrI gfe “H '^'pVlll FTF! 'f^FT'ftl IrU?! gR yFIX "^^RFT, 3Yw^ .gy fPIFl fTyiTOT pyPT Fi R 3TRFcT TOFR % fepTTF FHMqilsHi FT FRsl^T fFFi .FPRT:, 1919 F gPR F FTFT y’oyi xi FTFi ■^1 FF^ TOFTT FT RffF^ fy^y fFF sfiT FSTgx-lyRTRl FT shi!^ F %g TTftrT Iff I psaici sfix fiyicnqi fq<}y yf FR PHTI TOTI^rFftF R yR?rrFT?f FT ’JRITOy R ■'^ 3^ FFIFTI Ft ’jft F srfyFTT FTR % %Ti fFF I ^yf^yyF RTTFR ^ R q'2a1 3TTRFrTT FI gx FH y fFFeT T^l , • .

^2pit ^ 3TJ^FfcTF ■îiq-'H-si^ F FRF FTFR FI FF fF'qy fI TOYFR F Pflyf^ fIF FT RF-gTO FT FH-st'kl PlFM-i R F STFIT EyiF TTFR HTTif yi FgFT F^ FT RIFI 'SIR TTFFFfyF Tjg RFryifÎ FT y-ô' Ft FF TT <(3rfl F 3^ •3-1'^' Fy FPT FT^F fFtr TlFT yil FFcI: 3siT‘=ll'0 ÎF f^TFftrT^ FT '^&TFVytypi'f % pry yfro^ wn wi y? ^ ft yn^yisfi fi yFyn -iff ft rif 3fiT pjr, 1921 y R-ySjWtFT ^T y^l Ft ft^ yrqtr ^ iryt^ IftTFT ftp RBlt FT.FTf^m TOII^'iMt y Ft. FFTFt yt 3TFTT ytyi^ ytl '3F% Tqcq y FF^F F FTTTFNt F FMt F! FT fciqi, FT Fyil^F Ft TT‘T<y|

y iqqi(n Ttl RFF yiFt FT fFFFt FRR fFcPII gfVFTT ?T FFI a'-iF FFT iqui yiFFt F FF Ty’TTFT, FtFF 3TT3 y^ FF ^ TT^ TFFFF F^l TOF FTFF ^ yfFFI t FITR 'fFyiTTIl 1919 y i 922 F Fy yy^ yfyiF^ FF afR F’ft FF Ft 3Tlfe Try TTTyiftjF gFfyryi FT gr FTF y fFTFI

yt aftr FfFi^Ti#fyfyy hT^'-iVct fttf Ft FTTFTI

Tb'l

fy?a i'/(7i.7^,' r Ijoii i' •'•;• ?t:;i J 'J. Yv,) IH7 ■

T^g' 3‘?niTvf^ •q? gn’fJSTTi' -^>'i îh

araijie ^1 ■’IPg<T7 2ft % ^ fWT3R •=I^' TTgi, cTI ^ ^7^' % Tfft’ T^ll g? ^TFI■î gft ■?T?r^g ■?r<g7T{ ^ grr Tt=tnri 2ft i f^rft % ^rg ^ft '■hvi^ fRsfi'u % ^ f^ft’ft ygrR .-g Ti^ -sRtin gft gnrn m^ft ^1 V^ HRf^ftr«)T ft' gq 3iv^<g isni

y^ylRnift ^ girsig

'^)f?pfl =KI gpi 29 'j[(rii^, 1883 ft Slf^^tl % q<.Mrsl't)i'î '’lig ft '^511 ^11 '3y^ .' fftgi aTi^Ffr^^ft gn g?m grrft ft aftr -qrai Tnftt’n MsjgTi ftti gft 3iiffti ftr g?f^d ft giRa^ "^31! 371^ cfiidi-tn. ft fti8jg7 gHil 3Wi 3t?|i-ti irg fqfilsi ig’ng g^ grRoi gs’ iî-t

^fi g? ftg^g7^c7§‘ -srfgrj 73^ ^Tft'rO ^ ~*j ft' wfti iiimtg ft’ anqii grrfftrgnft ■fg’'7ig %

fftgii giro■?7gT^rgiftt=3TKi^T ft ’’ift :ftft % gTrrn I903 ft ■3ft <*Kidiyfigi 3ik g?T grifftrcffift ftf^l % ^g ggft gnft.mii I9I2 ft ^jft ft ggrif^ra ftlft gR=fl

gt ■ftggn ‘ 3r^Ril ’ g^r ■gtqRgr ftrggg fg^gi ggii ggg fft^g^ ft? 'wgg 'iuft? tggni ft' ■ggftw ftt¥ 3T{gii gfr gfg’îi ft ftffti iftR '5’fift ■55 ft ?2?ff ^ ’TFiT<iO gft ggrrora gfti ffi 'g?T7'Jiîgrggrlgg) ft ^ 27^ ft fft^gnfftg g?? 'fggf/ grg 3«ft sjgft ■jgcfw-'yg ‘grcftft)s i<fi%gj' 'gg '^ngigg

fftr?ni ■^^ gg gjGftggi gn gft^g? gg ggri arg wggrf^'i ft? fftg^ gg^gi fftgii ■5s ft I'Hft ’im %gi 3ftT ^ g^F'gig^ 4 ^ 'ggii

ftftg 'giifg?-ft? sTfta'fuggg? tftftg sfR 'wiw fft^gR Ig'iagl 3ii[^g' Iftgra, 'ftftgnrft, 3rîiPg ijg 37iig'i?Tii gg? "ggciT ft ■Hrargif^ 'g? 'T^g? 'g gft 'wggvfgg’ft ■ggi f^gn '•jftlfegft

^vru-fiiiT!!

■gte

giKî "sft g^ gft ■g7g?R ft Piîfftg g?T sggR 'Hed gi 'g?Tft srftrgrft ftfgg? 'PfTW ’stro gft gggftftgi '?p','gR 'fti

gft fRT fftofti g?'r^gR ft gf? •gar

wwrgr

ft if^gri g?rg^ri gaigii 23 gift, 1919 gft ‘ffte?Tg' ft' Tjgft 'g?Tfftft ■fegriftfiftft' gi ggmgi gfti vgft 54 iglgg, fftgi? 3ifggrf?i ftfgg? ggi gg-wgift ft, -îifft^ 'gtii 3h g?? ftft ^1t |ci; ftfggT'f ftr grg'rfftg 3Tfftg?Tft' Tjft ffgf tstt g?7ft, ftg gft 37rfft^ 37Rfftgr glf<7 ft ’’•Tftgftg gr^ft 3ft{ 3)'d<I'<fg ftg ft gff 3gg?iW3ff gft grfftf gg ’fgrgg fg?gii 3tr’7 ft sg gft "^rg ft' g>i? fgftg ■gg?^r g#' ft# gT: fgft ^gf#T g^' i-sri aftr gft ftf ft’f i^ft gif77 ft 37#g?( gft ftgfeg ■grgn 7:^1 girft ■gTgTR ^ grgg ftfft x#, fftgft 37r39[f(fg? Pigig-i yigtfti, ■Tgftdiifgig? gfiifftgxu, "Rggift 'ft? 'f^ g?Tg ft? stts fts ■# ■ftftn, ■^gtgfggf gt sxfftg? 'gg vrg 'sxigrgg^x ■grx, TjRgixg.ggpi gift ^komI gg Iftf aftr -3X7% ■ggig srg -iti'ni'i -gn gg^ft î7i yiRj ggi g2jf7 Tgi^ftf'^jgi gx ’^xg? sTftnjf’n grtgr ?nfi7gi gji '^g ftfftf ft ■# fttg 'ft ftvi ft gggft ftrgiftg spii fggri jggft ft^- g^xg ggft' ft ggfftx^ Trrsxft' Tpgrfgg 5^ g^ft 37)7 ^’gft? g?!gggft ggft gpfti xixggx Tjft ■xmrggTfftfti' ft gggg ggg grxft # ’ttxjx gfl, gx ft fttgug vfti -tiftifftTfr ft 37g yi^ggiRft # ■grgy ft xftx gggft fftm gg gigig ■ftxg ft ftii fftgii ffty ^xxg

'xrxwg g# ■gg ’ft fftgl'g 'fgrgii ‘3’^ Tjg? 'gxiftfgft ft 'rft gfix ftfggft ft? xTing si^ûlftg fftgi txii ^xx'f g'lfg ft? g?Txvii ’;^gf7iftf aftx ^'fgfftft' ft gggg ■ggsfti Tjp?; %ifii g^-ft -jqrFrft xT^ggilftfi’ ft ftt

OTftg fftgii -jg XT#ifti ft yyiPd-ft gg xiirgg^ sftx g^ fftxi 3ftx g'lrotgif^ft gg xxgggi g?7gi ^ grx iftwii ixxgfix 'tisft xf ’'pfti 1921 ft? fgra ft' 'fftg'ifftRf' ft gxxft' gw ggiiwg pgrifu Tiîa;, ggxxl^ gg xrog ft 35 x*7Pf 5FX? gxftfftft ft 3xg X7xg?7< '9X fgpf^g/tii tfi 3im/u c^gigi/ *7xg?7x gft jftx ft '3ft gpgg’J^gi ft gift# '?fft gg ftrftgw Pndi. ftfg?g 'sxxg '3x1 't?>i xftlggx fftigii sgg

gxxgg

?vi ft TTX'Sngi’Tg'^^ g?7T-7 gft gfti gfti ftrg ’jxt g ftift gx ‘sxig gcx-gftftr gfl ftgrggf^fti wggx g 3X7 Tx gfts »jH gfti f<jjii j7ij|, ;-i7g ir-ft xrifftg'f g? x7t«7 tto trr yrgi fticftr gg gragi ggiftn -i'-rcft iftiJ.

HIS ;'-iV'7 sfew (i.ôii I -7 .?f>()7 ?. ggr;

27 1922 ^ WPrrM '+''hii ^ a«5t> lq<‘^ ctii4«i5l ^wft. TRT H 3rj»# ■=T^' ^1 A

^ ■î^l 30 2^^^^ ^ ^w'lrenl ‘ THinti' ‘■^' m£Î 3lk "3^ 1^ "37?^ TTr^r ygui 0^( ■q 3TT^ % cir^fcri '^K a^H-l STT^ ^ 3^

^ ^ ^prra 'î<ii 'ig^ ^ 1^3^ ^ "gr^ yyy

■?i'^ ^ ^ ■^ra^n i 1%, 'srsTR ftv<^gs %'^Rqtt'i 3^ %

v/F;- ihiTti

i 1^1 29 3T^^ ^ TTin 3 gflird^l ^WMIHS*

■93^ I3?ft ^ 3^1-flR'=b f^Ri ^ guiifijg;’'+)i*i1qis ^ '3r*? ^3ni'?)w^33r

6.4 Hi'jnclH (Nazism)

^'7^ ^3?ft % 'WTittlqis. % TrfTT^^ •n4'i1 ’ft 3T«ft^ ^ 3^;^ ^3711 3T27t3,,c[^ TISW R5J'7g«a -jib'll ^ «iyi'«<qi4i T^sfl' ^ ■'JU 3 'gl 3PTI, 'JWIelK-^mi'Jleir^ 33 337713 3^7 t5;37 ’T337T 3TTf5l3r 773)31 3737 *71. TTl '377 ^331 fq4q^>& ^ 'îcii 3tt 37777ft3 FRcil *71,37^7 -11441 '4' 3|3?lc(r^ ^'»74-i (qii4*i) % 37^737 ^qlef)<,ui "îT^ STl’TR 4%^ 'fRI *7T, 1^77^ TJ^37*73)T77Jpf '5'! '4 '377% IflM, ’^TT-'TTfl^l^ 3^1 "ftTn, % 37^773: -Ji'f'fl 3^

3T3n ■|77'5 137TI

SI«7i7 f^JTdgS -% Sfffm -M (1918) ■37%ft-q’13^ irrf3T-g^ t7t,,%774 7RT %t ’TFR % %? 17^3^ f%7n 3ft7 -flqfq) 377f^r3) 3131 3^ 331 7?II TRcfS 773*f=[) îRwi^T—Jill'mfd, "^nfl^T 3^7 ■'4^11 37’7>7R, 373 ’ft ?i[««i<ii74t *f 37t7 773T3r3Kt 37F%7T3 3)t q«41 7TT=B3 ft^T^ '% tifciOMt J'lRw %t 7ft3 ■4 *7fl 333)t '3? Tsil^r i^slc-f' 1%3^ % '4' gt, 37il7?3I-f33R7t 344 *7T, f37T4 5*73

% «Tlg 343 337P3 % 135^ 7^37 fts'l? % f^k, 34 7731 333 '^3 *7H "STT^ 71(37 3131 ^ *ft—71%t3 77373^1% “^cl (NationalSocialist Party) I ?74 "4 '317771 ('313)) Piqxni, 44 ■f%3737 31 3313313 4 4?T313 ’ft ■7771337 '3?t' *711 3773 5*7*7 fq^qy^s 4 ?lg '’5% 4^37 filP-nql 33 7(3 7jl?*71 Storm Troops 'W3F71, 13334 34f ’]51 '^Tlf *7t afrt '4 Brown Shirts qveciid 4l 3333 53t3) f4?3 Iq-s^q-ii'i^r 7^3 4 VilP-^ 3 "^TTrl 33 53l=F

‘ tqiRflqi ’ *711

% 'fWI 37?!% 734313331

4f331 % ^ 4 %7771 '1331 *71 3^7f3?3g5 4 7(3) 771*7173

313)313 % '37*713 34 3753) '5147*7)7137 41'I 'g;^ % 313 % 33f 4 ^ 33 35) 33) 4 5737 g33, 3?lf5 3745337*71 4 371t7R^ hR^TtIh % 1317 3flfVRl 3Ft' 34 Tf 4tl ?774 7134 i?3131 3<g[74R7P7-3K71T 34 34 gf 3^ 3^ 34 7734 5fH '% 7713 'gSlI ’pltdl<t 34 3 ^ f3i3- 5*3 34

% 3"t3 57 1373-277:3^73 7157517 '73*3373 4 37534 7*171 37731 '3%t -WR, 373 1929 4 3*141 ’•'4 ’T335 3111431 7731Z % 5)7 4 '5371 37)7 3S7 ^’73 80 <3173 #3 '4337 F *15, 33 7751513141 3717 77f*33[iO 77<?fl'

4 715*33 3 ^ 34 33? 4, 3lf^' 4^3 3313l77gpf ’^4313 14441 '3R'| 4 '5*4 2753 521 4 '35 fd3!l '3733; ‘’'J73 4 ■5731 yrqcf) '343 '33f4l%l4 SIR 5l7li3>771313t 33 '331 *ni Rr, 37715-74*1 34 375*7133331 TTcff % '375 57 ’4 %5cR 4 cRlf 34 3T337 3753 521 4 317 rfti sftt, 7734 4^31 347 q^Rqi % tf-iyi fqiRl % 377*117 '57 7(31 '571 ((<»iq|2 33 1jF5 '1531. 14774

513331 % sRipiR 4 373I333 311% 37«TT3 Uflg 151(I

•JiRll 4 ’ff 3r3ft313 55c3t 4 53771313 34 37? 131771 îiql '313 31 iirTf^St? 31,?T71 7731 57 '31li3l51 3?f gSTl *11, 3R31 7131311331 77555 % 5R1 g35 *711 '% 7731 4 3113 4 5g% 571 -g3va

gi* 4, T774', 650 77t4' 4 4 31331 196 414 ?t 3T3fl 331 33 14# *4', Rr # 15*1^334 4 30

'3^q<l, 1933 # rpicit 34 77731R 3313 % 1%5 371*433 13151 3^7 fpdirK 31*Rll 33 5R7M7 33 '3511

131 '5*f3f 34 3713)5-'33317

qinni-R *1

R/73 |)3fW (1500 ^ ^ '1107 I m ! 111*1

^ ''TT 'Ilpjl<(l ^ '^ps ^ afiT

^FTT (fqifl^'^n, 3TTCT, 1934 ^ ^ ^)l

% TTtIT 'A ^ ■'p «r^ ^ «<Hi'Jiqi'{l-'Hi*^qi^TUt HHI ■^raX-'ToR SIFI d'liqi^. -5^*1 snfW tii‘<iqiRH'l d'li^< 1^ ‘‘rail

dl'+dlT'^l'+i o<4q^ ymki ^ ^ R^l 'fl4ql ^ 3ra cRi TJ]^ Wqik ^ yi, '414 ISrn i^ ■’1^1 sfp ITRt RTTT ryH>i'ti< «lf^H STT R^l '>Hi'H«ti ^ RT RHITTIF rRR ^ 1^ Rtj; sfR ¥c^' dm?ll^ ^

■?[ IRR cH-IISdie % "SriR *71 sfk Ipidi, dMI¥ll5T 'TTOIFill

^ TR “R' ^qfnrjyf sn, ■5i4dl <HHi'Jiqi'{y dT^ll1>rF 'S.crl, 'ÎI '5,R’7 '^'I

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3TTf^-WITf^raF)(The First World War : Causes and

Consequences, Eco-Socio Impact)

■HTcRT (Structure)

7.1 (Objectives)7.2 HKiiqti (Introduction)7.3 (Main Causes of First World War)7.4 ^ % 3TTf??^ 3Tk «iHiI^=h (Eco-Socio Impact of War)

7.5 îKiVi (Summary)• 3TTJTO-tr?^ (Exercise Questions)• tR’i W (Reference Books)

7.1 (Objectives)

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7 2 Mwiqn (Introduction)

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7.3 ■^17^ yiHUI (Main Causes of First World War)

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1f?F iffem (1500 I k 2007 I iW) , 113

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(1500'i » 2007 i U^) 121

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124 P-ir^ iiflnuH (1500 i k 200? t <r*-)

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7.5 ITirr^r (Summary)

• % TJn^ ^ ■% ^ ^ ^ T3^ «^T, ATR oR"

Mtl pHacil ^ ^ ■'Miiiii ^ (TT? ■Rifel ?Isit' 3R Srfir^ ^ '9Tlf^ 'FsjiPt^ Tiat IPPcft nti % -H^ft •^’ q

3T?5[-?n^’ ^ ?Rt if «fti

• f^pn^ ^ 'Jd'iirs^ ^ <HK'J| 3^ tAflS ^ froVl 13n, eft 3^ 37T?IR^f^',-'^ vi^ ltl ^ it ■>7' -Mr «1T, f^FT%

ft ^ 311^1

^ 1^ ^ -q ^ T!^ IS ^ Tir^ SltR 37R5R>R

• -s-flî^ ?iai«Cl % f f ^PlVqit; WT T?T ^1 fFRH «hl<u| Tl^t^RfT.

snf^W Mia'elf'mi cl*?l 3RTfeft^ cRra STTI i^’'T=T f?ft % «fNl ‘'njwfw ?f^ 3Tf siS'eft ■311 eft, 3Ta; % -^rft ^ vife f ^ ^ Tf «tl

• 3i4-i1 % ^ xlfe ^ft "gs ^ etiKÎ eni STcqfy^ X)6xqi<:hiaft cfejl5itvt ^ ozjfel yil ftfcT eft, eji ticJniii 'l '311^ enyii % ■RTefTc^

sft^ er^-^^ ^ SlcerfV^ iTfigs ^ ^wej 3?T#r Rra#R5- S^l

• ^ f w ^ 5fff I3:?ff 3T^TRh^ men eft, ^ •qRPrfpF ÎdldR % ,iTTe^ VM’TR % 5i‘isl ^ ■^RTWH ejs 'ft ^ 71^ ^1 "miPj 3?<Rf^te3 RFTPJ^sftT «<WK, -^ft flfcTT eft 11^1 ^ ^ 37^1^ eTIl

- • 118717 gS 4 3 W 3^ I ] 7757 ^1| % SPcISI^ 5 ^^W ^57 3)^177^5 7£S eni30 71^'r % ?|inFI 6 '57{t5 50 ^TTW -^f^' 5 ’7FI %5TIT7TO gf f^5 # %fit ’it gS;

?FT’TF 18 cTT®

-f5?5 §p!fii« (iM.i) ■;. u IfXIV -I -A-J- , 125

f ^ ’•iFi ^ ■q' 1q%i îr "roftra ■^'i q^f qfi=hlMci ^<»iii1 qî

• IS T^' 10 wq ■grq^ q 71^ str ^-qi^ ^ q(i%i “dq q;i q'l qqf srpii-i, ^ q^ cTqiqr ^n qqiqii• 3THiqTiqi T3^ % qnrq ffqR qrrf^sTf^ -sFff q^ "qrai '^' ^ft aTqiqrqq q "s'l qî

1914 ^, •^’ qM qs^)' qgs q^qi’ qq ^ ^qi^qfqsp qp! aira •gwr qr, i9i8i ■^' qi? qqqn; "qr^frq trqq qqii

• qftq qrl Tiif^-qftqq % q^ qqqn Iqqrs qq ^ iqqqH Mt 1% q ^rvt q ■fqqrq qrqt qi^ ■^q 3TcqqT^?qi^ q’’ q^ test fqrq ijqnr q>t qnî

qqr/ : ^l«l3i}< ^fiofrq,

siif^-yrTjjf^‘f yq/q

• q^q ^Vii % qq ■gqq qr qqq fq^q-'gs qq qp ^ q’liq qni cTt^' qn ‘^nr ft^qrq qr% #icf^ qnftefq sTigqr ^ ^ qi^ qq i^qr v,,-^ i ^

'sq^ ?q Iq^qiq qn qn• q'^1^5 % qnq>i 1âq % ^ '4' q^ Tifq qfî fq^q qra qrq'i qr^ qq^q; srftqiq

q^ iq^n ^ q^ qq î qp "q aiwqqfi -qn sTqqt.^Piî ^qi % qjiqq^lsqi< q=^% ^q qî

3T^=£IW-'?r?^ (Exercise Questions)

1.. ‘qqq fqvq-p: qft q^ w q^ wfr 2frr q^qq % q'5’1 v.^-sTOâ qiTI

2. ‘i3-qaK qratqiTq qqq iq?q “js ^ q^W qfi qrs qi’ f^qq q^h

3. iqf^qq % qftq qq ^ TPq’-i "A \cqiWq qftfî

4. qqq fq?q ^{5 sTqftqq ^ 'jPiqq qq drc^ta

5. qqq ftqq % qicqniqi^ qqrq qq-q^^fq qftfî

6- ■gs % 3qf^' qqi qiqi^îq? qqi^' qq Iqq^rqq qftfî ?fiq fen'i qfi fFS'^fq qyi qq?ny .

/

TF«r (Reference Books)

1. fqvq gq ^loîq -iTHTT ’TRfl? ’TW? q^W?//

2. fqyq '^^-VFjf <('7?7<% •I'Jsm ^ •3^°'’

3. tq?q i^fiifra -qq fSrqTq wî

4. ^q’^jfqsp Iq^q qq |f<Mq-?rqf 3? ^Mni^, ’7^ ('-57fq??/?q}/

5. fqqq qq ?Rt5TO—W^‘ (stR^r^)i

6. ' 3q^f^ ■fqvq qq sRieiq-v/^-sy qqqfq, i(qi'c^q?57 (3TPm?H)i

7. q^ Ie^T-/q/c-/4q ?^^q77, -^qqq ^.-Îh^-i

120 )qrq ?%w (1500 t '4 2007 i v^h-j

Igiflij fm/i( : 'ch«uf

, • 3k vrmu,3T?2IFI—III

^chi^—8

allT: chl^TJl

hRuiih, anfSt^—HiHiRnch

(The Second World War : Causes and

Consequences, Eco-Socio Impact)

TIT^RT (Structure)

8.1 (Objectives)8.2 TOTT^ (Introduction)

8.3 ■55 ^ (Background of Second World War)8.4 ■5s % (Causes of Second World War)8.5 hR«iih

(Impact and Consequences of Second World War).8-6 «[<.Ri (Summary)

• (Exercise Questions) y• u'^t (Reference Books)

8.1 (Objectives)

• '5^ ^ ■STB^ "^'l

• fs^ "53 ^ ^ RI

• ^ % -mRuIwI aflT ^ X5IT^ iji

8.2 MKiictdi (Introduction)

^ yHjRfl ITT H5Rir«w«<T yfaPiRlxjl 3TT?TI ^■4' ^ T^' afrr ^ 'Tl Ti^ ^ tsih -w^ '^‘^ Tint 3TT?n^ xjxiffl: lâ^n wfinX! ffl -53: % ^ ^ Trat'-Tl^, •gF ^ ^

|/i7?W (1500 i w 2007 i d*-)' 127

fs<ih : -^m H6iy^ ^ ^ ■'Fill "iFn^ ?KI yffPjfS qtjd ^ Sirflrar 11^,■•JiiMi-i ♦Hiyi'jqqi'O fHf, yîrcul ^ Hiyi'jq'î'O Ri'-wi .3^ feirK ^ oi'iiîipl ?lfei ^

tTTrig? 3TFrra H^qNilfqqii^ 3T[f^ «Tt' Rji-^'H 1919 ''^§‘(^>JS ^ ^ 3<H-ll=hl. 3Hl5hiy=b', Tpif ^ 3TFw^ ylrwilpa f^FTII '^>'na:’Iqiqg ^ ■'1^1 1936 % ^ ?ri "55 ^ qisci hs<.1'^ eT^ 3^ 3RJ 1 Pyd^l^, 1939 ^ f^lT^ [q^:q "JS 37TF^1 'Kt ■'FTTI U^FI fq«q '^5 ^ 20 '^4'il 'gRl '’T!^''!' ''K 31T5Tt!"f =b<-l %

fscilq "fFni IT "4 Tft ^1

■rfe

q>K'Ji

8.3 ^ 4<<J\fM (Background of Second World War)

-^T-cfft •’̂TIPt %-?K 11 ftRR^, 1939 TTl'^Tfl 3lfT -T fTR Wl -^ZsfR "^l'^ i\ TiTTI Iim' 7f5n T^ t ■fe ■55 ^ 1919 % wfTl-fRrrvrf''^’ ■^ *pf T;^' ■5Rlfy '3TT#m’ X^g''‘3TWT3RTr liftl’ TT Tnfrt % yPlPir^Fit' 'T f-R^Tiry ■qg ^Krar "r' iin8R «ii ^ ttI cffi TT^r Tigfrr ■Rirn s'fk?TTI ît4 RT yfaq-^n TH yniqi qiXTl STm qirf^ tiHî^ I Hit. I^. '^. ''ft, ^pi< f^HST ^ “■asTR R ^441 Rft ynWl Tit T ■j^ f^. 3R1 '4 aiftlT? y<g< TTT■j^l" 'HFRI t4 40 ftfeRT dHyVll % fcTFS 65 PnRriq'i TT^ '»i4'i1 Tit, Tit 'SR flRT HtiPnn

133’RTTfed TR ■f^ RTl T1, TUTi.■RRT ■Rifr RftlPlfu ij.'4q4< (Erzberger) 4 ,4t tj^NlPRTi TR 41^ Ti’tt RT Tit' RTTlTTl"

4 '^rf fTTT % tH % ttfi 4 ‘■iT’fTt Tft wwi' ,Tit rtr '(34"4 RRt % q>K«i fscilq Pq^q "55 .^TTRÎ ^3TI 9>f4t4t

44 4r %3 ■5T: 3TT5TrT Titni fVR ’ft, TFf ■fTTTT TTII 'ffifR "gKI '3144 4 qic5lcdl'j4Ti 81 Pa'iffl Tit nfR TTr)

Tft "Ttfr 4 ■^nfrt ■% 3TiT!t?i Tt qsi4 4 Rirtr 'Irni "5^14 tit ti ■gRbr icn ir% ^sm^tr f44f 4 4 3i4Pcq'i ?4:?t4:' fT:4Tcn (Isolationism) ^ "TtlT Tit sik 3TTRR ilcii TTli 5<icit 'RlfTI 4f44t 4 3i4cjqi itrR 4?nTHqiP\qi 4 '311 ■f4^ sfk % 'Rtt tr4> ^feritR str 4Hciqt 4 tit ’iKtqRqcfd 3T TTll 'Sltf 'SiRT '31441 Tit l4?n % ‘jciyiq; TTT 4tT TTFTT T1, TH S'^cig -jjfn 4 'JflfTT

TTlt TI34, 3Tt4 cqiHK TT fTTiR? Tn4 ’Skr.'RnmT % PqciiS -^1441 TR TTi TT 4

ft TRft 4t ■348R Tit Tft ■3n RTicfl 4tl 4f4l Tft wRci rPt 4r4 Till TT, “60 14f4lTT TcTtflT .

3i5'iif4iqil<=ti TTt Tit S'!)! i3RTcftRcTlIR T^T 4 qPcPqn 4 fTi 3^44 3Tt4 Tl^tT OTTRIT ^ qqni Trkrf % 44 ifTT cqqSK

ycJCTI'l

dsqVi TIT4 % t4n3 q441 TR ■JT: TRJiS ô-ii TTfTI Til 44 % .tjiiilPaqi RcI4t Pncrt T^ t4fr ttPt 4t tt4 4 tit^ Tsftr 44tTT tr4 tr 3itir tRcm ttti4 ■3144 t4Ton q^H

3144 Ti RIT-'RIT TITTH ’ff 4f4l T^ HlfT RP^Tf 4 3T4g^ Til Ir4 4'4'TdK SRI 3Rl4

yyiKqiql -llrciq'l TT Tr4 Titn STIRR TT 'fTTl Til IR 'RTT ■3TITTT 4 'TtT ■% 'RTi 'IRl Hi^Rqi TT SllstiHCl■friTT sfk PcHciKic, 1931 4 •JimP'iql 4 ^qi4d TTT 4 '44 '4n Tit o^sqic TR Tt 3Tm TlpTTRT TiT iklTTI 'Ttr 4 311TTT % Pdd^ TT^4t 4 Tirkl Tit ITR5 ifliyil 4 TI^4^ 4i TTRIT Tft TIT^cTTT TiTcT

iq; 3TTTT ■frrrat stPrtr 3ti4 rhi TRrft, 1932 Tn thth t tr^ r^Rtt tt sifwTRT tr tit ‘ Hiqâr T13T' 4 4 3tt4 TTHgint trtrt TRiftr tr 41 tit ti^4t 4 tittit tr ti4 rirttsy4i tc^tt 4 ■simr tt^rt 4 ''JT^ 'll ttti ti Ri'jf^ irTTift tt rttr thr tii 4t. 4=r 4 iR TRT^ 4 114-“ 3ti4 t4 tt434' tr ■gf'^'iT tt34 tt ti tw it Timi i % 4tT % t8i

R«m: -IRl % ÎRT '44t TUnOT TR TRT

eft

4 «Hi*^Pgqi TR 'cTnj_ T TRTT TJT^3TR'^R |3n, f^RTit iftTlT 1|4t Ittt ^ 4) IT 4 5^1"

128 /T?T ?fiim (1500 t V 2007 t (ITT)

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^-KrTl ^ ywlRn-fl ^ ^fî ywlfdnl 3iyil=t)i ^ Pq^m ■3r??n qiôi *^ti 31«t*i ■4- i^rarr^ %■îTw T?i «n ■'iT^ H<tâT ^r?n ^tzit -jih-iI ^ 31^ s^nqii §^=h!q3TftnF ■>Fni 'S^t "Hirq ^ ^ f^W% %«i(^«iicil ^ ^ ^ ^1 sfn ^ TT^ (Axis Power) 3^ sik eflcnoi'Biqi TP^(Democratic States) *^l fBZrIT TT^lkl ^ ^4trtai3Tf ^ ôai T^l 31T^ ^ kfy ^ siq^d-ii

' ^ ^1 ^Pi+e|K fq?T WTI ■spHt ^ k^ST)' •^, TT?=l (Rhine) % k' 31^ ^ftfrMt kRj ■'Î SfiR^qi % ‘I'JIflq 3p?T 3^^ 3iiR<qi 'Tt '-ji^Î ^ STfiPliR TJ^’ Heiq'^'jl 8ft 1 10 3T^, 1938 ^ 3?if^ 5fftk'fhw %8n'wri

■qr 3ngrqnT .jrr

3ff?R 13:^ -gHTT PpH) î ^grR^lfeqi ^ 3T^ %qT 8Tri 7T?T 32 ?IRaPOkf ^1 "^ÎwlîPtuqi % 3r^ ^^dKûs (Sudtenland) R cfl 3TM^ 50 yPi^m ârfiigr q)i ^ kkn m ^ni afit Tiiraf^qr *Ti wg ^ Ped^^ ^ Wcj'd % fek 'fl4'il k ■^jjm 31^0 ■*TRTI ^ ^ 'PT 3RRi^k? Mt

RFi yi'if^'h ^«T[ F#D^ 3fh: ■JTO ^ F •331I FW FT '^ra'^ ôwrjof 4tfw ^ F^fqnTT nt 'sf wi ’if, "nji^ 'k ^ sqi 1% '‘•^'

Fifki (^qi<, arrqi ^1" ft 'tt R«-i qpîri 4 ‘^>51 *0 "fe “ afk sro "5® 3^t smr^ 4 k %Hi T^5T ’gm «3t. simtth ^ ^ t ^ gs ’ft ^ ^T#ri|i”=fjt ^ iiPciHrejioT) ^ ftra: "w 4ikT 307*^3 k ^ tj^r 3n?tmRft % sipcrf^g^ ark ^■=T#' *ff I" TFfkt k ^Fiffh 5in wr % ^ 3rFit afk fken bsî ^ k kPijciti F^

«FfT^ TTSq =PT 3ilsfqi'?n3FT-’kT TIF fkRT 3fk k ^FFn

TRTpn ^ ■viiP'd'i^'î gFfTTî Irr 83) Iffr k ■'ft^^ % irfiT qicsk -llRi 3ih'1i^1 fsdcn, k ■ql^’TF ^ RFr =Ff ft? W TtftsRI. (Danzig) q-r<‘ii5 rT83T w^jsad

% ftrg qtftfTI 'iPoi^K (Corridor) ^ ^pftt ^ Tfftq ^1 FT kFT ^ ftFR k TFlf fttPSR, 1939 ^ 333?!: F 33r*‘M'Ji ^ fî 7^ -flirift ft?g g;g: ^ 331T»3 S31l

831 ft? 'Jl4'll Hltûs ^^ qisni

8.4 fgrfNr ■^:g cFTFTT (Causes of Second World War)

■Tjpfqf gro ^ftn Tjg hIRiVi 'iRnqii.^ 4ft % ■q>FT^^F'3 ff=t g3TT 4q>d Psaft ft?^ ^ flirq>it<n<Ti ^FF^T «3T 'ft^g FT '5^ ^ g^’jft 33«Ti3 ft?^g5 4? 'RFF 4 ¥t 'IfK Ft TFT *41 FI FFTgS

. % g^’]g FF^TTI ftT=T 4-

(1) Trfti ^ thol^ TiW—3T*3F ft?5 gg; 4 'ji4'i1 Fit h^mh gf *4 aft FTift F>t aiMHH-fliqi 4ft F Fftf^R f34 ■qî ftpg '»i44t ft

•33ft ft 33ft ’Tiff 3r4clft ift ft? 8311 ftFIRjf 4 ftFR ft 14 gft' ftt gF^4 ftlF’T ft Ft F33ft•qidi

ftt qiok ^44 ’ft rITFF PTlft. Flft 13F8ftft TTFfftTTSft 4 Fftftt^T, TT^ft 33;^ ’•ift&T ftfftt pq-fli ft 33ftgg FftT ftft ■STFS3T ^ fftrW.Fft FH 33FTF ftlFT. ftfFft FlftFI 'Ji44I FT’S ’ft ftRF "331 Tlftl F3ft ftt ftft FF 3(4ft F ft ftFTÎFFft F’3T^ g33T, FTFF Fftl F?ft gi? ^FF3 4 Rioi t-‘‘Flft gftr 4 TilftF ft?! FF 33T3ft ’TFT 3ftT 70 FTF3 -SFftF FF Ft Fft, Flft FTf 3Fftft?I,

1 5 33ft?TcI gift ftftr 8^, 12 33ft?T?T Fg, 10 33ft7TF FFTTsift ftft ftft oft, Flft oFTFlfft? FTFTia 57 ' ^TFI FF ft qdiqx ft^^ 5 FTT35 FF F^ fttiftfl ftt ftft FI, ftftF ft Ft-ftfFFi ftft ft ftftqft ^4

Flft Flft 4t-ftift) ftft ft FR ftFl F3T sfk T83^ ftFT ft ftl^ Fgi FTF5 P-if^qo FT ftt ftl Fft srft ftftft % 2/3 ’TFT ft, c# ft? 2/3 ’TFT ft sftT iFft % 7/10 ’TFl ft F8n 3TTft ft 84 STpq^

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y'H -qti jmWviI % iJtH -rar afir -^n -yiii-Ti -gr^-TT T-fn• WR 85fR'J^ % "ÎR ■qr ^ "q^ ■qrd %?J| ttîh ” ofij;?! ■^]

R ?j^w=f xn?cTT er qq^ i^qi ^qf% Tify % ^ %bt t-‘'^4i qft aqfe rijr siP^fRKT q:q ijiMqqjyf

<HHw ■^“■^ qp Îwro Hi'iciHi q^t WT qqF q^t •JH^'il i tisiHoi qfqiÎ" qP 'sRRiy

ÔTi qpfqt ^qrfRqRp qft qr^ qq aTqHH^nqqii qnfq Mnai qff qq Pif^qq wtrii qq qi; q1 q^^fq

«)<■ vrm‘i,3//fe-wqf/q3r urm

f ^ '3775RRr qq *7q ^ w ^ 3?qq(-NCI3r

qt I qq^sftr aqf^rqr 4^14 qi^ q?q^ 4 qqqr 4 cftq qq^m qqrq qiq] qq qt^qqqi q^'/qqfqq q^ qq qqqq qp ‘aqrtfqq qpq' (Dictated Peace) qq qx aiqqr Wvq? ^ qqqqrrx) q?)' tt

qqfq qfq ■%

qnPP ^ qqq i^q sTqqrq Iqqrii qiqiq ■5=1; tqq XF?i % fqq® ?fqqR q^RJi q>i<r« q^)qq f|qtq fq^ q:^ qfq?fiqiqfqr '55 (War of Revenge) q^ qqi Tf ^1

(2) dMiyii^'i qq •^^*4—qqq fqqq "55^ % qiq qrri^ xq?i q^ qqfqpra tfri 4 qfiqqnfVq TTRH qqqxsq^ fH 3TRIT % Tnq -tanPra qp qqt qf 1^ ?q Tpqf q q -pqrq) ?;q q qq) xfq)

q^ qiwT sqaf Ti^ff( 4 5rqq fq?q ^ %■ q?qq( WR qw? ^ xâqw 35^ q^ api qjfqt qqcfq qx qxifq qft qfq qx Bxqr^ qq^ qq 3X1^ an, arq; qrat qqi qn ^q laxii q? q?T qxrfq qft fify qff qq qrx aTRfxf^ 4 qRfq! qft yfqcî ^rTaqfqq qxxqi qw aqi 3nf?rqx qqt ^ Ridvix ■jrqq T? RFXq^ qVi'îH I ftivR ^ fq^ % ^Tff qft q^ fq^qra Rvii^ qXT qq?q fqrqi an •stH'm qt?q qrffq qanfei qxxqi t q? srfyqx wi qq? ^ qroqrt vi&q qft feqi q^' Rqqi vftq # qxrt aqqnmqqxt arqqr f^nm 1935 4 ft^cR 4 qxxfq % qqq^ qn qfxrqRi qR% ■jqt^Rqtqxqq

qq^ 1938 4 qnftq^ qn qiftjwq ^ ^qftxqitqirq.31 qq

Iq-itriiafi' 4 ■^xqf^rqi qqaf "n^ fanqii •s-^lA qfq?flq qft qiqqi "^Rq qtq^x : srqxxx iqqr^ qx str^' siwq qn qftmiq #1 % ■'

qR^ qft qtq’RT qfti ?XT% siq-^TR t^qr, fqxx^ qixr sir ^ % qrq^ Hsei vrIi

R?qTq

|4ct1 q qt qajq qqt^ % qrq miRiisI qxi qqq ■53x11 tqqrf^) ■n sRxqrq qi ^ qrxq qaxi xxRRq qxnx % •s^j'q qft ^qxx ■^xftXXfq qn tVqi I ^ 3xqtxxtfqqi RX SXTqRX’R qR 3XRRt XXrapqqrqt RTqqi RRtîq qft I 3Xqtxftf^■q <i^Wm '4 sxntcT qt 1 xr^xxr ^ ihctI qft' sxTqxRTqx’ ■qtfqq ■qRq^ ■sxxqi psiq^ 3xif%q7 afqqq 'qi>n4

yRi«i-*ft qft qrsRqi q 'viF]^ ^ q^ tqRxi qqi 1 qxxqq' 4' xi^xxq '•it '•r^ qxx xrri q^Ri ■q XF^xxq qft fi4vitii qt qqq qR f^qn

■?XX XXqq qq qiRH 4 Rt XXTRiqqqT^ qiq-iii?‘i^Rqi RX 3xfqqnx qR fcTRlI qq Xl^Xiq ^ ÎRH qq ‘RtRt•g'l ■qqn ir xxqq qft Rftqqt qrfqqqf xxRjftq ^ ft ■% 'ftfR ■ftqRT ftiHi qi xxqxcll RqTR ■RR-qtftq q'lfqqi ^ qrr qqq ^sin Txf, 1939 ft' isvft 4 ■qftq ft qxx qqfq ■rFr ■qfti -ftq'i' qvft' ■q ■Rfqqi qft 1q ^qqtftq hihci'i ft rxxrx sftx qftqt qx finixuei xftq ftx xj? ft ■qqxvi ■ftfqt qft ■q ’xt qqx?T ■Rxqfi qq sxfftqrqqxfq Ranfftn "ft qqii ^ qqqx ftftxi qq Rfq ftqil

(3 ) TT^xxq ^ sxxxqqitTT: y«ii?4l xxqxfqx—xiqftq qft 'xaxiRqi ■g®7 qqft 3XRRfqtq XX^qtn qft q^ qq ^nf-d xrg qft onq^^xr ■% ftflT qft q^ aft, 'RX^ q? 3XRq ^

■Rrn Ranfqq qfti ^ qxxft qft

ftt affi R^xft xi^'q qft qftajl qrfti fir BfXiq xft RtStR ft' qiRH xr^'ftq ft ’jar^

qiRH % qqftqftt '^Xclt ftl qjRiq qft • qtl 1937 ft' RRqqRi: fqftafl -HR ft' rMrItI 53TI sftx ^

RXRxft qftt 3xtx 55 qft siqfaxr ft' RXXRX xx^'m-qR-'ii ^jqt.XT^rqxn qft, ■|qxxR XXRR ■R^qTcI xftq ?q qppTTFl ft fqvq ft? ftfti qft '(^5 'qft

130 f%RX (1500 i V.2007 t ff^')

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^ ^ T?TI ^ r=1 tr^H STAR-W î+dd: 5;if^5;ildl TI^ % ■?W^ T33 HS^'i'i ^ ^ T^l ^ stiRia TT^ ^ TI^^Tei

Xon, ^ ljld=ti‘ ^ ^ % TT^XPJ TI^ ^ ^hR-^H^ TT^ ^ “Q;^ ‘ '1^<H3(' Hldfll ^TII

■^TStRi 1925 ^ 1929 rl^ ^ •gvU y'df ■^' 1%^, 50 Xr^^fw^ ^ # 2ft, 1%^ ■2T? R^fci xî î' ^TTi -^ns^’ ^ ^ 317^ sw

rft <«pftTff ^ ftr^fer % ^PdR^ ‘fttigj ât ^ rR?-' ^ T^ 71^1ft ^ sT’rft i^Kff ^ RhPs % 3Pft7j t%^ni % ^nwiii ^ qft

3Tft^ ?iRtflirii<rit ftiftsi'Ji X^l xiie'di mi "SpniT ■3^?7T ^lifRi-^'-Aci'i Tlftp .niad ’<ti<,iii 2111

^ .3ftm ^‘i'^R'î % XTTR •jIihii % y^îcj'l ^^5>Tlft ^ ■ft STeRI ?T ’PTTI 1935 ft ‘iti'lRn-ft ft ^41^1 Rim Tq^ aiimR'H fem,

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2. I^r?^ ^raeiy-^wf iiHiH'î, 5«r<»i ?7^/3. ifag;^—OT '^')c^•?«?<, /enf7/«i ^t^cT/

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THTSHT (Structure)

5.1 (Objectives)9.2 y«iiqii (Introduction)9.3 rim (UNO and the Global Disputes)9.-1 Tl^ ; STRlft^ 'HTiRT (UNO : Internal Structure)9.5 ■HRITI (Summary)

• (Exercise Questions), • (Reference Books)

9.1 (Objectives)

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9.2 Mtaid-ii (Introduction)

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9.3 tT^rf Tl^ frar ^fv«r«t> fycilti (UNO and the Global Disputes)

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o.(Structure)

' »»«•!• * • ,

"3^7^ (Objectives)

ywiqn (Introduction)

31T«J ■R' (Egypt in Arab World)

(South Africa : From Color Discrimination Policy to Democracy)

eras'll 315Ft^ % ^(Opposing of Color Discrimination outside South Africa)

rc(4id‘-t)«? (Vietnam in South-East Asia)I

W/f (Summary)

(ICxercise Questions)

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10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.1 "3^ (Objectives)

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raîf j/fm'w (im i v 2007 i <w.) 157

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'llRji'st, ^ ■JUFFT^ «('1I<HI

4 iw qrt4=q wq % 4t ^ 4 qiftn iro Tq-qiTRqqf % ^ 4 wtt

qiftig q4 % ■qw HlPd'id fgwq 4, fq^ ^4 1954 4 qrftTT qyidMdl ■qqri• 'Srq^, 1954 4"'f44q 4 is ■^, 1956 ^ t4^ 4 arqqt 4qi4 ^ ■qn qrqqi iqFni qqq^, 1954

4 diRi< fira qq dîfq qq qqri qiftrr 4 fro ^ TiqqHqqr, anf^qr q 4^4457 ^vq q4 ^qqqi qfqiqi 3Tjxq qfti '^di^, 1956 4 4fe qqt q^ sRqiq qfw qqT4 q4 qt^m qq ■'jn q>T4 4> Riy, qwi qq Ti^tqoFT'q qiT fqqi qrfqr qqfqi fqq qinvq "^314 ■qr q%i '^54q qFT 4 Tj;q qroRfl ^qr qRq4 % ftq 4cFq 4, sft: fq4q Tiq'-uro q4 4^134 4 arq^, i956 4 ^qnqq 4> qrq fqciq^ 4^

q4l' qq 3Tq4 4qi4«i4<‘ii5 qr qi^n qr^ Iqqri qqi q sf^wi

^dul q4ti f4?i 'gnj q4q q44t q4 îRi’^Rl q4 Tqrq 44 q4 qfqqi q4 qqti qfT 4=ptqlMS

% qiq qjftK 1w qq qqq % qqr îiRwjîidl 4qT % 4 qqrqrr sqqii sTq fqqi 4 qjWtq?Tfg?FT!'% F^qs^ q4 q'qrqqTTT qTF %4d Ft zfti

• FH qqrK. 44f^ % OTqqrq (1798) 4 ^ q^T qqrz (1956) qq? % qqci 4 ftqi gRi■■q, q^qiq q*Ti s^qfqqftrqi qqRtqiT'q q^ 1qf4^ qrwi qn windi Rk4i qqri

10.4 qfûi cilchna 3TtT

(South Africa: From Color Discrimination Policy to Democracy)

Fftm -Jra^qq 4 qûqq 1652 4 Fq ^ ifeqr q44t gra %q wqr ^ 4 xiqr 3Tlq1441^%s qft WRi q4 qî..3ii^'l<^d4 qi qfai4 % qm 4'Ffkg qq qM gro snj^qfr qffqi' qft a1 i.'t)'^ qftq4 % '^q 4 qq4 qiT4 % feq qitq fq^qr qqii Tqt gro qfîqi, 4FFiftqii tjq 41^414^ 4 ’4 qqq4 4 qf4q4 q4 g. srs^q^r qnqi qqii

1775 4 %q iR fgtq qn 34vqn7 f^ qqi qqi am? fqfei srfwqret 4>q 4 aqqji qq q4i Iqfefi fqq^m 4 Fq ■34qqTfqqi' q414*44 arfqq qFT44 Fi qqli 1838 4 qr^ 1?1z^ ■qrar^q 4 q4 grqt' q4

■gqq q5T4 q4 fqfei qiqjR qqffqi qqqlt qHqqn gyql 4r■îqq) 3r74 4 iqqq q’qqqi—■^fqqrqi qq 344q 3i4 qqim

•Jii=t><, qq q4i

1899-1902 4> qlFR.'gs: 4 giM gTO Î'qqid gq' qlt qse q4 FF IgqT qqi qqi i9io • 4 ff 444 Tpqf q4 %q Fqf44?T qq diJid 4 iqqnqq qq? aiqriqn qq q4 qqnqi qlt qqli

fq qqlq qq q4 qqqi^ 4 lo fIfftf qn^ srqllqfl, is qfcfîq 4^ (60 qfqqiq Tq-.qqi ?1q Rjtoi), 9 qfqqiF M?ra qrfq qqi 3 qfw?ra qjqiqrl r4q qrrfqc^ 4i q^q^rq? Ff4 % qiq^ qn^

gf1 qtqqi 4 qoq fq^qiFt q4 4>q Fqfq^qi 4154 % 1qiq qrtq qm Igqi,qnqqqq ft fI arTfqq Mti qtqqf giq fft q4 3t4 qiqq (1835-40 %

q?t qqti ^ qlarr e4q ^ 4qier?T4

^ ?fm7J,(l500 i V 2007 i UiF) 1.S9

3ihPMr^r4; aT5Ft# ^ ^'r{ 'k’Tra gn^ Rq^Ti sflTi ^ amr^' aw^ #Tfi' ^ iw ^ arP-^yriT "i#' «iii aTv^Tfi’

73717' ^TO^nt' T7' aTfy^y^ am aRT^n -q^ s^ri #fff % aTi^'^q m% aTTcTara i]^ t^' siJi -qf arirffiTTr ^ arsft^ % ^ '^''Î'-mr ’Tiai 7^1 arirf^ ^ «ii5<. ^ ar?^ ■^tml qrl TffimfV?! ■^mr aTirfitriT^ ar^ci cTFft' am %i3; amm^f «7Ti

■T^ qil mm qft mspflf^ 3Jram7i iiq aisfcqqfqrmrmn■J.

•=TtT

77^ anOPna '57^ ■^<i5i4 oiit &7mn q^FT qQRTF7

m73rR g.Ki Mi'H ar?^ mqmr ^ 'ftTn qq! qri qtar?^ oqfei f^'ii 'tto (qft f^mt^rnari’ ^ miTt) fqwiq ?if7 qi Tiq q^ q[ mmi qii arijm qiTTi' grt a^mmlq q qrraf q?nq qt fqîwq'qt'i 'aqr^mi % feq qq7 ■^' 8O-90 aTf^ % mq mm mfqi qii 1911 mT=jq sri ar^m aTfqqa' qn irîrq qr mrq qqr ÎqmjeTm Pi-î'ih qr^ % arfqqnr ^ qiq TTqj( amjTsffe (tmfmqqi) ^ qrtq

a^'ni i^' mmfTq. qfnm qqoqq

1947 q ’•Tim q^ Tmcfqqi qrfm % qiq qft arartqff q^qrcT qvft ’T qmt '^nqlq qqrqcTT % qfq qq q qqr arq^ q#cq?n TTS^ % ^ qf^ ^1 aifqqTim qR qfrq,1q7m: ^ Tjm %, qrqTq qqFrqi m ^riqt sî |q^ qqffqqi arfqqrf^' qn qfqWqm 'si. Hdn m ■%q q^ft arqfiq^ qi^ ira mrai qii iq arfqqrf^ iri fq qra mi qrai fmqi qqi

qrrqq

im qft #q q:m Tqqft qnfq t qqfm ^ qmft qiq ti Tq ^qRqi^ (q. arm^qq qq •qqqrtq qf qiiqm % % qi^rq ^q ■^femVi qq qq^lq fî midpq qqHur’t■feqqTq mr^ mm Viq ^qr^ mqf qft qpqcna^ rim q^mr qii-

1948 q arfirqijqqr 5R1 q^ miq^ qi^ mi^ mms ^ qmi^ qqi qft mpfl qi^ qrmtq ^ qqqq maq qq mqqi qR% îql fqaiTi qiftrm qit qqt 1 fq fqmq % *H<i'a ’ifei qmiq q^t qrqqT ?rt aiqiqfe qft qlfq qq mqj^lmqT qqn ^ qtfq qrl >îish (1954-8), qrqTq^ (i958- 66) qm rnimr (1966-78), % qwrqqT^ qqm ■^' qt mift mai qqn ?q qtfq qrt VR qmR q7--

. (i) maft- miff qr irq 3T5^ mr ijjf Tjsrammn: UTqtm if aiv^ mqff qq l^fra 37Rf^ q' mm qii ?mff q qlf aqqnffq mr^qq qqr^ qq =t>+-aisj f^’ q i^ra qnm qii qft armraTq ^ arfq fqqm mrriqq 37^ am^ qfmqf qq ?mqR ^ mdm qq 1î

fr, mqf, <^cil, H'llf'Ji'i anfq ^ c^q^^qi ^ TRTfi am^ maq ’jq^ T^mf R 1myT mm mr^ sfi 1mg w îqmn q mi qqf i%q mi mjif ’jqqmrnr aro'qq qi qqffm am^ mrm' qff aimt ^ aiftim anqi^ qlf mtqf m wiRirq qim 7§Rf, qrRmiqf qm aim mrmqf qq^f^q sqf 1 -qqf am^ qM % ainf^ if vt arsifsjqmq■qrqq qiT f^R qmqt qti

qqn '^qm mm, fmfe«if, qffqimqi

(«) qR q:q' ai?^ mWf % ^ fqmiF mm mmql' mf fWmi mr fî ’iqn ^qqq -stuq -iwi qq Tj^qi qq qrqiTR mim qti ^ qqijq mf mmif qr fmRiqf T73qt qfi

(Hi) yofq> cqptfl .mf rnicifq mqfmmi % aqqfri irm n^mn-qq qqi mi qi^ qra mi-jHl' m rmn qqi ’If rnmn aqf^ arq^ ^ % aimim aim fmmf yqhn r i^f if qmq 'mf m< Rqqq mi • •• .

(iu) 1959 q qrimi 'q^qqmimi arfvlqqq’ ^ ar^nn m^friR mq % mq q^ qmfm tmq qq, mi 1JR armfqif ^ mm qifqq sfi ^ q^ mf Tmmrqq mff ■^' arpf q^ mi mram 1mqi qqn i969 ^ S6cf m^^mq q^m qfi ‘?fqqfi’ qiq ^ Tmiq q^ qq qmf q qqn mmifm qfami armfqit

r

RTqqr

160 ^Kim (1500 t ^ 2007 t (W)

37’ft TTg' pHil'ûi wt sfti ^ ÎTW 3'fT^=TT ^7t '’TJjl nl'iMlm' WH-i 4 ijl4l'H'jyf W^wH ^ ^ cfn 11^ j 3 yr^^ sn ci«qT ?^r ^ ^ n 80 ¥

> sify^p 3T#tT #>f[' ^ ^ ^ Trara fen frai ssni 3# ’fts-’rrs ^ ^«tri'nRqRg ^ ^13iici'iqn3ff UTT sfet nHn ^ «IRt 3^ 1980

■R ^fj^Hiwqiii n*n ^*^<+1 ^ 3iiDlen’l 3r^vff ^ fel fRni(t;) sqsfffe % ■?RRn (MHlPd* sjfwT 4?fn fe n«n irra^' % ri»tr ■«

■4' ^ ^ ^ 3T9ffe % 3lferfy?5f ^ 4t WRT ^ ^ n4ti âTTrafs ^ 3Tfn(\^ "fcITtSI

'sTjpfe % 3r^ TB^ ^ fev 3q?«ra ^ni ^ fenrqicii yf4=i> oqRw (ntt ciVil ^4a) yi^qqi'Cl bbtrt '^mcTT *n rfKn «hi-j^) % 3itftn

q><5l<ai'j4qi Ifen ^tTcIT *qil 37Slffe ^fnfl ^ esnicnl ^ TFSFftfer yqiflil ^ yPaqlVn ^jTT4■R 375>fe <i'^lq qiiO^rt {T^.nTT.'Rt,) Tnirftfer ^ Mt 3RTBTn '4 4i |r% «it^^ iViî'iqdT irg' fe[t4' gn arnnr ^ ^ •'Fni ' • . , ‘

iT%«w % fe ■g'hp 3T^ ?RT 1?^ 3#t4h m’l feir fef4'sT^ffe fer ^ ^Prfen fe^' 4 n#' w 4i 1952 4 aj^nfferf ?hi gssrafen 4n 4^ 3rdyH "p; 74?i #fff 4) fe; snTfe pFpn' ^ ■âqrfi' 4 31471 fen nmi «<+k1 ^nT4gf#% nBn 8000 4 amffe few ^ fe4 fe n«n -sfri 4?! 4^ fei nmi 1955 4 t^.iJTi.■Rt. 4 njfen^ fe ffeni inj^' 4> ■nm fen feni w na^yn 4 fen aran C^fiBiRfe4> fers) "fenai 4h^ yn snymn nR4r waq arfyîR-'T^ ^ 4fen ^ yqm fen, 4r ■jffei ^ yrpfe^ 4>.«iiK“i ^ Tfei 34yyiR-''T7 Tfe ^ "gi^ îpfeqyn nnii ns arfeiR-nji TR femi 4 str'T î yi fe awfe •nfi Tf4 ^ Tiyt 74n fe 3T74n armf 4 7R«i'y Tom t sfR ^ 4t TRaim: feff ^ psi nr 3nyif4i-'p fer TTfir an aiai aR RaRfti" ife'anga % Tia^ yHHdi.aaifyaiR, TmF an4 4i wa 4?r ar^ an arTyanT.lat^paT r^tVifwi ^<aîci, fa:yc^ 3iRiqi4 ^Ria 1ân ayi laffei «qaqai3fi (Tiai, 4q<«i, y4 micti,

• sifeafe fe fe 3nia aff) a4 ai4' 'ssnft nafixr4 3rgi^' fe feiaffe' (74a-3T74a afat') ?rt 4t 3nn4k an fefy fen ajm 4^ wfea

(tafei y4 yqKq>) 44 ^jfeaf 4 je t44y a4 ^<a<ai 3iara afli 1957 4 4 a4f an afB^Rfeqii a4i % faRi4 4 a4-n4 ^ an fey aR4 p; Bfe sraffe fe 3Ta4 afe' 4 10 4^ri ^4lBiRia4 4^ ana ai; ana 4i aH nfen aai a4f an afa^nr feai, aia aai faRit^ 4 an anra aaf 4 fen nan

I960 4 7Ti4fe -amaT 4 nra 41^4 4i fey 4 ^ 3fea ^sni gfer ?ra nfe'y?iT4 an4 ac 67 annfe fe n4i 15000 sfefeif feaaR an fen nar ayi T^.Tâ.aft. a4 3ria4rya aR fen nan ^ naai 4 7n4a feat srfafei art âr 'an ?ni 3tara ^ feni '3#nai fey %^<di'j4ai ana 4 sfea 4aT34 a4 fen an TiferR fen un Ft fa4 ana % fent 4) 3r1a -iii^qw aR feni an fenfe nia nfeaift a4 asaisn a4 ?[^ am nat fag afta ^ gfei ?ki la fera irfeyf ait gra^ fen nan 4^'4i?n fen 34yaf7i sfea 4aT few aR fe7 n4i 4fe an anataa arRiara a4 nra at nati atap^g^t 3i4t ’ft srfenrna.fety % aFf ar anan yi Faait 4Ta sncnaai '‘4^ fe afei at’ 4> iianTia % aia afei aiffa gRanr 4 nanTfan fear 'Tan 1967 4 aaait FRn aR at aati • '

at^-

fea ?fen (150(1 i 4 21)07.1 if*-) i6i

Tirwj ^ rjf^ 1970 % ST^^-yi: cft^ Tpji ^ %lFOTif

'fii'fl'l ^^7 Tf «ftl 1976 ■'^ ^mqitn % TfTtV^nftTTl,?RI 375?!^ f^rT I't a.TIhl'tit'+i (^ '*J^ % ■glTT silcil q|?il ’TI^) ^PJ_^ qlnuii % -iih^ 31?^ =t)<^ 'll

■K?f^ fT’i ■gfeH iTO ^ 'TT 200 ^ srftra- tnt ■nî ^ ■5717 -Braam ■^Pm^ ^ sT^ ^ ttziti 5ra 'It ■3HT^ ■'rî 3T>Ri -ij-g 'ijAnf A rFi'oi500 ^ra^Nt #nt' "gr^n ^ ft ■jprti fBT=7A'' ?Nfrt ^ atuA^.'l %ir 'fl viifn^ »ji, î ^'u

3Tq^ ^?T#n 17!% ^ % -f^ ^ TgT «TTI

10.5 ««IÛ| 3iy*lct)| % qigt

(Opposing of Color Discrimination Outside South Africa)t»T^ W

3raft^ ^ 777^ ■'Aft % ■'33' ^7^7^ ’^" '%0 ^3TR'T “A ftrfel ■7Iî-iH5fl ^<Tc-s ?rTr ^ STSjftft 77^^ ^ susdl 'oFt WFTT73^ ■^r-'ftiffti ftrA Tift -tR: ^ ft^n ■nTrri ■g?n?' ■sft w ■JVJin ^ sA îqA afn:

■'TTHfR % it SrsiftA Ptiilii ''Jift: ’TTlTft 371 ''17771 1961 %'A 3737fftn ^ 37lftftRl ^ Tpffi

'*3^=W 77^ ■?7^ ^ 3757ftft <<«♦>« WtdH 'gKl 'tt TTlft^ 'ftft ^ BTlftt'^'n ''ft TTftl ^7^7?!■qrfei "w t%3 ■h’A % irq^ft?ra 1962 if '?fsni STTfTftTT % 37jr«ftl «(ftl>+K ^

■% 37'71^ "A '71? fa'Fd "Tgll fti-H, 3)AR«ni, '5f>f77 'hR'^hI -ai^-il 1*77 ?ici1 'A Hief^lRi^ "A ^'k 'Ttft Tfn Mi7 .-^ fIT ft •sfSTTiT 377PftTT % ■?n87 ?f8777Ttf ^ STTjft ft ift, 7ITft7 377lff^ -A'

■?*7TftcT ft^TI '317 '77%l nRuim^ci^^H ftrft^-flTTT

y«iia

S7T?T7 TfvCT T37ft 77^1 ^'l A ^8F7 3777^^71 ^ 'Tift 777TR % fytjll'T* -jif % ft

: 1970 % ^ VHifft 77^ -ft^^cTTift ■Rrav

T^rft^ fttfrf ^ wmRrt

ftfa, 37VftcT #rff ft^TF ^ ft'TT'TI ftft, 1980 ftfty "TTcTcft Tfti I97v 'A'

■ftftfftcl 'rft ^lyHMftl ■ft. ■ft«7T SRT ''7?# ^ ?7T ^77317371 ftt ^ ■^feftf ftl ST^'T?? fft^n 772771ft«7i iKi.'^ftri ftftiq ftt 3Fm naA-io: smfts ft' -^tTR ■% ^ itw ■ftft ■'ifti ^ '^wr ■ftft % -ft# ■fftftftfecl can'll ftfanii ft—

(i) 37Tftfe 3Tftft77 70 % ft' ftft ftt W ft' 'ftl 37k 37ft^ ^ ftft ^?TfRT ft' ftl TftH fttft' ?J7J ^ ftTsTT ft' 'f^ '317 T?1 877, '37^% ST^ftft ftt •jUftlsm ift ftlft ■ft^ ?ftft ftt 377^7ft 37777773^ giT 21 alaîd 87t, -ft i98o ft' 'etH^ 16 'fttTW 'TF

^rft ft ■ftlWri

Tlftl

(ii) «(ig"0 f^^ci 5ITT 37T?iftRT ^ ^qid—■jiihci 5777 ftt 3iTft ftt 377ftft37 ft 3l<rii=li 1975 ft ■ft'TTfftft 5IT7 'Vllfen 37''lid I MldlTy* ftt ftft ftrft ft ^175 fft^ waftni ft =(7?ft ^Tift 3f7T 1ftni 1980 ft' BTftrtftft ■gTT7 ^ 37fV77?W ^ ft TT7«7 ft ft'^ STftftl ftt ftlft^ ftft®F7 ^8^7 ftrft 37tft7 'ft? jjiiRici TP7 'ft «*iiyi ft 'T^Tll' 37«[ ftft'I 37ftft7t 37?ft7 TTTTtt ft ■fft 'pn 8771 ?77 77^ Tl'ftf'ft 37fttftt ■ftkl ftOT 37ftft7'ft' 37^7 ftt ft 37qft ft^37t' ft -gfftlthrift % tfti tjA 777? «tifs«l.5 ftl ' '

(Hi) Srfttftt 'TJ? ■yftftt ftt waft ftfft Iftft ■ft 37ftft ■'J? 17ft?7 'lOql-ft 377<7 ftlTTOTETR ft %T7T ft <7*77 kfft ftt fftft 'A ?ft' ■^ftl TTJR, % ?7t7 ft 37ftt3-1 ftl dl^'qi Hi'^ni

■ftt ft 87tl

162 fftg f%777 (1500 t ft 2007 t TT^Fl

{iv) 1970 % ?jhll % W?? 31^1%^! '30 T?T *TT, 3TrI: 3|i^R<*^ ITWK 5RI ^rffjrn 3i!4i1qi1 ^ 37IrfNpn ^

■feira^, 1979 ^ 1^ Ti^ ^8?r ^ 31^ rfSTT 37’TT«ffe ^ wJ gft ^% ^ T? ^1*71 fism 3T^ iJF 31^' gri cl*n 3TTig?urai ^»T!g ^^ î ^«?T .'^ 9f>f^ ^ ^ ^ ■'Tfi:5[#3f ^ ^ ^ siraft^ ^ ■^nii3n#^3^' gfr m ^ ^ ^ -g^'i ^^•vR'tfcRr ^ 3ran7 d-

{!) 3i?^' 5pt 71^ ■?nfti^ w 'e'^fiid "qr ^ ^ sifv^ i, -fî wi(ti) 3T?^' ^ 3T^ TS^rfl^ ^ •qft^ ^ ^ ^ 3731# ^ Tjzff d 981 ) I %g 7[^

■3=[r^' 4' ^ ^ ^ 37RraK 377M ^ 37qt ift ?ra ^ «Tn(til) ^ sra ^ ^ ^ wrT=Tr ^ ^

ri«n 37ro Ws?i sTifir % #^' % «ni #ti ^ ^ 'nî I98<i ■^'•^' Wt 773^ 3ft 3^T?^ 77^ Tpft efti

(iv) 1985 "ft' M77=I 33?ff ^ ^ V^ ^3l%3r Tfa^f 3ft 317331 ^ Wl

(u) ^f«M 3ra aFT^fft 3ft 33131 331 ( 1986) I3F 3^31 513 3ft- ^3Tft' 33 311 ftl3I ft 3.113,7^. 3ft ^ 3Fl‘l (33ir33rR 331

?n33 ft ’jft ftinKlft) ’jftfl: ■3ftf^ 3311 ?3 fT313rft' ft -aiftjsz aTUftlftlftf 513 3F 13131 331% 33l3 3f33I3 ft' 33^ 1^ 3ft^ Bftl 3133H 3^' 13>31 331 311 313 ft 3^lft1ftl31 3Tf33113' 3ft 3lf31 331 ftqft 3ft 3nft Tiaft 33 fft?33 33-'^ ftl

ftiH-3i<ft^HP-a

513 ft33^3 (T^SB ■H137, 131337 ft: 3ft ft 4ld3>l 333 H3r ftl '31313t) ftl 33I3 ft ^ ■33ft3> 33lft3ft 3lftft' X?3' 3133 :?p 3R 1^1 3311 vnftfftft335 3ft 253I «nftl,37 ftift îfVi-011^3 ftl 1ftchd 319ft3ft fttft ftl ^ 513 3l^ 3dii|wft ft 40 ftftl Tift 331 -^dl^, 1985 ft ItTll 3'7lft3 ?dl=Bl ft 33313^177 3ft 31331 ■?1PJ^317 ftl 33l, Iftft 1^, 1986 ft ■fnjft ft^'ft 7311,3^ 1331 3311 13 ftftp ^fft3 <3H3.k1 3

mf 1333 ftl 3ftri ■33ft3R 31ttl3f 37 11^!^ 3 ftl 3ft ft .31331171 ftft ftl Hft'y ft' 3^3lf333 31lftt33'cP7 Iftft 331

1980 ftr 313 ft 3. 379ft33 37 3T5ft 3313 3ft331 33131 ft! 31 331 StoIw 1ft3l%3l' 'll 371 33?1 ^ ftl'l - - ■

31373 Wl5<T>7) 5T7T 3. 313ft311 ftl 733 33Tft 3Trfft31, oqiHR'h, ftnifftsB i^' 3l7fft331 •71T3'« 71333 SF7 Iftft Tyfti 171 3ft> ftl 31«T3 ft 31313 711 ftl ^ftft 31irft31 Uftra'ftf ft 3. 3151133 ft’ 3171^ 31?ft3 #3l' 33 ft snlft^ 1^1 ftl 1^ _fft*iai ■t!3 *tcî ft Tfflsilcil 317^ 33 3T[ft3 3131311 31=3 <H^5d ftftf ft ftl 1373 31 733 37 .31331 ft3 331^ f=t)31l

1ftrl37, 1986 ft' 313ft3ft 71713 5171 ft3t?S ft33 ftl mvirW337 33l3 ftl 3ll73‘57313 ftl 313 3ff!jwi 31^1133 3ft Slftlftlft 3pl 53R ^Tft 37 ft31 3131 ft 33ll 31^ TTlftl 3ft 332 Iftll 331 331 5 315ft311 ft-lift 3lft #1, 17313, 3ft3dl, 37ft' 331 7^1333 ft> 311313 3ft 5l33lft3 ^ I33133II

tl '3173I3 5313ftft ft I3t3 37 313ft313R fe3 713131

3T?33 7T5?13 ft 313 Iftl^, oîq«ifft=h 331 37333313 ftft ftl fttey’l 13737 33 7ft 3l, ftl33 ^ 3573^ 3ft' 37 ft 3117113 ft ftl 3<^l8<U||ft, ftlft^l ^ '377337 ft lT“Tlift3 ftTirift 33

(ISOO 'i -ft ?0i)7 i. 1!*-) 163

• wwf ^ •iroi %ft sTJj 3TTn»fe =fi ^Si^fi'ld *^Î 3<v4iir=h<<T ^ q^Ha W «ntr ^ *Î 1%■'Jilq-1 ^ ’jyftT: 1^1 ^ ^fq'«4 3T7^ qîTrl l^’TI^r

tis«i<) ^1 "S'EjnimPc^ ^ T3;5r fwiVH % a'^ro •wtm ^■M Ml • .

1986 ■R 'i’4iii'3-t ^ ■ciMl^ qîra

1889 Piqllqd M M. SfrlM M ^RMuTTJpi .% ^JfFTI «1RR *111ôyft?rirfi ^ TR ^ 11^ MM ^ fMi «it % arn^ffe M -^r -w^r ^ -sthi ?i«it M

sttM M wh 3t^?*i shNH Ml MMi ^ ^ M "H®* ^ ’1?^ MM fifR^n sfti aMfMr ^ ^ I'^ M

M IMi '^’ aM ■^SFni 1990 ■^' Mth

qiTnTuRiq^gni M fn*i 'Kni4>' Ml M MM ^ aiMci îrtt hMiI M 27 M '^K Ml ^ ftFl '^*11 "'FTlI H'^cil ^ M M, M aisl "^sjrfM sR*fti 3Tfw?i M M Mk *fipjk M “fRiRi •5n fMn ■R*ni i990 MHMi, ki-iyiy k Mi«i aM^n M 3iMi *n, M tMs MM =h< aiM^ ^n^nr kM M Mi i99i 'R % ■r**i

M % MW M IMi '4' ^ aiR'i aiMk' M aifuMi' M ’iiMtwi ^ Ml

% TpR ^ 'Mft qkiii ¥ 3TOT tM ^*11 aMn ?TRH

' wf Ml H 7|p M 13:31 a<K«ii<1 ^ % wi ■q' Ml 31^îjfMi InMi i3;.M^- ?ro Ml ^ -^MTiri

k Mf M ^ anvî^R Mi ipni ktcii ?ri 11711 M Mi M ^ Mi M aiMif %TIFWT*! 31T ■illgH fMn 11*111 ■^Ttll 1^ M rl'n 3lM M 7131 qcifll Mil 3R1^ Ml 31 Ml

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10.6 Mf^nJT-TjM i!.fvrai l^rarRTM (Vietnam in South-East Asia)

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f^MichcîH (Student Activity)

1. 3fW1q4r?raF ■gfqd 4 ®pn rtcr^ ■!?

2. fq^ 4 ^RR 4^ 1^ 's^^qq 33^ qq raiqqiq RcTifî

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10.7 Wfyr {Summary)s

• ^ 133^ •WrPfrI ^ ^ ’T?BT OTIF 1798 ■^' IfTO %un i^ frail -^qirdin m -^rs^ % ^qraK firaf ^ sra?;^ rar^ «ni

• F^^ra 1652 ^ '^raraf ira israi ijs ■^ ■^' sft’^f^frrai^ ^ irarara ^ fifi ^n % raF ^ "sra ^ ?rt ij^ srsFtgft rmfi'^ ’jira ijtw^ srfirarl' % ^ -q’ ^ ^ % feij; '^tki %fn fraii's#' sro *Hsi‘iT^t lira hI'sIiTs!'*’ «M'^1 ttVsHi ^Ph'î'I ^ SiiplcM FiraT frail ^

• ffit ■'ira 31?^ fcraig fisii Fraip ^ ^ 1^ fraii ai«"H■=1^ ^ ^.&ai ^ ^raiTR WF 2ni ^%n ^ fit^ î# ■q^ ri*i<.ii1 fsiP Mti

• !<r^«t) o^Pki ^ ^TtfPr ■^ffNirai % 3TcrPf qip- HgîH-q^ frai ®iti qra % ct?ci qn^ ’ft 'Tiicii oqpKi 37q^ ^raf % 3<tni=ii 3Tra r=t>«l 5rapjR ^ ^Tit ■^' ’j^rai w{

■ Trarai sm- • 3T5Ft^ % 3f^ T?raiT Fiff^ fppi qn îftt aiFfci ^rair mr tn^ ^rt^' qrr

^MT 31?^ o^fei (fift #fft F^) ♦ii^qqisl <56<ni fjfrai *1171*11 wraraR qirjq % 3T*1H 'qiuVqi'jefqi f%*Tl rairlT *111

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