AKYPO® Industrial & Institutional leaflet

Trademark Chemical Description Appearance (20ºC) Active Matter (%)

AAAKKKYYYPPPOOO®®®

The technology of KAO’s surfactants at your service

Our Chemicals, Your Business

KKaaoo CChheemmiiccaallss EEuurrooppee www.kaochemicals-eu.com

Mission Our Mission is “to strive for the wholehearted satisfaction and enrichment of the lives of people globally” through the Company’s core domain of value added chemicals.

Fully committed to this mission, all members of the Kao Group work together with passion to provide products of excellent value created from the customer’s perspective. In so doing, we “share joy with the customer”.

Vision We aim to be “a global group of companies that is closest to the customer in each market”, earning the respect and trust of all stakeholders and contributing towards the

sustainable development of society.

Kao Corporation, S.A. Puig dels Tudons, 10 E-08210 Barberà del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain Tel: +34 93 7399-300 Fax:+34 93 7399-377 e-mail:[email protected]

Kao Chemicals GmbH Kupferstrasse 1 D-46446 Emmerich, Germany Tel: +49(0)2822 711-0 Fax:+49(0)2822 711-201

e-mail:[email protected]

Product R n

AKYPO® LF 1 C8 5

AKYPO® LF 2 C8 8

AKYPO® LF 4 C6 / C8 3 + 8

AKYPO® LF 6 C4 / C8 1 + 8

AKYPO® RLM 25 C12 / C14 2.5

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA C12 / C14 4.5

AKYPO® RLM 100 C12 / C14 10

AKYPO® GENE KTS ECA + polymer

AKYPO® LM-40 Optimized ECA

MAIN PROPERTIES

FFooaamm BBeehhaavviioorr

Kao Chemicals Europe commercializes a wide range of anionic surfactants under the product name AKYPO®, which are multifunctional additives recommended especially for professional and industrial cleaning products and also for household detergents. The AKYPO® products are alkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (ECAs) or their salts, with variable alkyl chain length (R) and various degrees of ethoxylation (n). In terms of alkyl chain length, the AKYPO® products can be divided into two main categories, the AKYPO® LF and AKYPO® RLM ranges, each with its characteristic application properties. The variable ethoxylation degree also affects these properties. AKYPO® LF types, whose alkyl chain length ranges from C4 to C8, are low foaming surfactants with high dispersing and hydrotropic abilities. AKYPO® RLM products are based on a C12-C14 alkyl chain and their degree of ethoxylation ranges from 2.5 to 10 EO. They are characterized by good foaming behavior at different pHs.

Foaming ability and foam control are extremely important properties to be considered in a cleaning formulation. The foam behavior of a detergent is very much dependent on the formulation's characteristics, such as, pH value, electrolyte content, surfactant type and concentration, among others. The brand name AKYPO® LF stands for “Low Foaming” ECAs. Their foaming behavior is comparable to, or even lower than that of typical Ethoxylated-Propoxylated (EO/PO) non-ionic surfactants, usually used for low foaming cleaners. Conversely, longer alkyl chain length ECAs, like the AKYPO® RLM range, exhibit high levels of foam. The foam formed is dense and stable but at the same time easily rinsed.

Both categories exhibit outstanding stability under strong pH conditions, and allow the formulation of cleaners with a high electrolyte and builder content. In addition to the aforementioned products, the AKYPO® range includes two “specialty” surfactants: AKYPO® GENE KTS, an optimized blend of an ECA and a polymer, which exhibits superior performance for carpet cleaners, and AKYPO® LM-40, specially designed as an excellent foaming agent for Open Plant Cleaners (OPC).

ECOTOXICOLOGIC PROFILE & MILDNESS Kao is a company fully committed to the environment and recognized as one of the world leaders in environmental responsibility. In accordance with Kao’s general policy, the AKYPO® range meets the highest standards of quality. They are readily biodegradable products, show good aquatic toxicity and can be used in ecological and “green” certified formulations. Despite the fact that most cleaning formulations, and particularly those for Industrial application, are highly aggressive, the AKYPO® products, once neutralized, exhibit a very mild profile and are highly recommended for Household products too.

AKYPO® LM-40 is a brand-new ether carboxylate surfactant specially designed for use in Open Plant Cleaning processes, mainly in the Food and Beverage industry (Patent filed).

- Outstanding foam retention - Mild profile - Creamy and stable foam - Good eco-toxicity - Stable in extreme conditions - Concentrated and solvent-free

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: FOAM RETENTION

RECOMMENDED USE

AKYPO® LM-40 shows excellent performance in alkaline formulations combined with amphoteric surfactants such as:

• Alkyl Dimethyl Amine Oxides (OXIDET® DMCLD, OXIDET® DM-20, OXIDET® DM-4) • Betaines (BETADET® HR, BETADET® HR 50-K) • Sultaines (BETADET® SHR, BETADET® S-20)

2

AAKKYYPPOO®® RRaannggee

INTRODUCTION

RO

OOH

O

n

FOAMABILITY Comparison of foam levels using Ross-Miles method

1g am/L ; RT; neutral pH

0

50

100

150

200

AKYPO LF Range EO/PO SurfactantAKYPO RLM Range SLES

5 sec 5 min

mL

fo

am

®

®

SLES: Sodium Laureth Sulfate

11

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

Active Matter min. 90 %

Appearance Clear, colorless to pale yellowish liquid

pH Value (1%) 2.0 – 3.5

Viscosity (20ºC) 100 - 500 cPs

PHYSICAL DATA MAIN PROPERTIES

Product A B C D E

AKYPO® LM-40 4.1 2.7 2.7 4.3 3.3

OXIDET® DMCLD 4.2 8.3 --- 3.3 6.7

BETADET® SHR --- --- 5.7 --- ---

TETRANYL® BC-80* --- --- --- 10 ---

Sodium hypochlorite (15%) --- --- --- 20

Sodium hydroxide 5 5 15 5 pH 13

Deionized water Up to 100 Up to 100 Up to 100 Up to 100 Up to 100

* Benzalkonium Chloride

0’ 4’ 0’ 1’

AKYPO® LM-40

Standard Anionic

Surfactant

Application time

Formulations are diluted with water before being introduced in to the appropriate foaming device.

Product is used in high alkaline cleaning formulations and also disinfectant formulations based on sodium hypochlorite or cationic agents. Preferred ratios as active matter: AKYPO® LM-40 : co-surfactant

from 4 : 1 to 1 : 1

Product is applied at a dilution of 1-10% and left to act for some time.

AAKKYYPPOO®® LLMM--4400 -- OOppeenn PPllaanntt CClleeaanniinngg aapppplliiccaattiioonn


AKYPO® GENE KTS is an optimized blend of an ether carboxylate and a polymer in a proportion that makes it a good carpet cleaner and stain remover.

- Good cleaning effect - No organic solvents - Good residue removal - Good anti-soiling effect - Superfine foam - Short drying time - Antistatic effect - Easy to apply in aerosol cans

As a carpet cleaner should, AKYPO® GENE KTS shows good cleaning action in conjunction with resistance against re-soiling. Not only does it remove stains from the carpet, but it also deposits a protective layer on the surface of the textile. Its fast drying shortens the cleaning time and its creamy foam allows the product to be spread evenly, leaving no untreated spots. Additionally, on synthetic carpets the product has a remarkable antistatic effect.

FORMULATION GUIDELINE

APPLICATION TESTS

SSttaabbiilliittyy iinn .. .. ..

HHaarrdd WWaatteerr Tap water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The stability of a cleaning formulation and its performance are highly dependent on water hardness. According to DIN 53905 (Hard Water Stability Test), all AKYPO® products achieve the maximum score (75 points). They are much more stable than other anionic surfactants like Sodium or Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfates (SLS or MEA LS), and therefore give more stable formulations with optimal cleaning results.

AAcciidd MMeeddiiaa

AKYPO® products are very stable in the presence of acids. Among them, the AKYPO® LF types show the highest stability, being compatible even with hydrofluoric acid and oxidizing acids such as nitric acid.

AAllkkaalliinnee MMeeddiiaa

As shown graphically, AKYPO® products are more stable under high alkaline conditions than other surfactants like Sodium Laureth Sulfate or amine oxides. Low alkyl chain types, AKYPO® LF, show the highest alkaline compatibility, accepting even 20% of sodium hydroxide.

EElleeccttrroollyytteess

Builders and electrolytes are commonly used in hard surface cleaners to increase cleaning performance. AKYPO® products allow stable formulations to be prepared containing high amounts of them. Fine tuning is needed to choose the best AKYPO® option depending on the electrolyte.

STABILITY IN NaOH SOLUTIONS Maximum NaOH content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

STABILITY IN ACID SOLUTIONS Maximum acid content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

HARD WATER STABILITY TEST DIN 53905

0 25 50 75

MEA LS

Soap

SLS

SLES

AKYPO RLM Range

AKYPO LF Range

HCl H3PO4 HNO3 HF

AKYPO® LF 30 70 30 10

AKYPO® RLM 30 70 - -

MGDA.

3Na TKPP

Na2SiO3.

5H2O

AKYPO® LF 30 20 15 - 20

AKYPO® RLM 5 - 30 20 1 - 15

10

AAKKYYPPOO®® GGEENNEE KKTTSS -- tthhee uullttiimmaattee ccaarrppeett cclleeaanneerr

Ionic Nature Anionic

Active Matter ≈ 31 %

Appearance Opaque Liquid

Freezing Point 0 ºC

pH Value 8.5 – 9.5

Viscosity (20ºC) ≈ 300 cPs

AKYPO® GENE KTS 20

Demineralized Water 79.5

Na2 Hydrogen Phosphate (.2H2O) 0.5

The mixture is used with a propellant in aerosol cans and produces fine-pored foam easy to spread. The formulation can also be used directly or in spray with special “Foam Formation Valve”. Once it is applied, it dries into macroscopic solid needles that are easily removed by vacuum cleaner or a rag. This kind of formulation can be used for either Household or Institutional applications.

CClleeaanniinngg EEffffeecctt

A small area of a nylon carpet with common dirt was cleaned with AKYPO® GENE KTS and the rest with water. In the picture below, comparative results after a few hours‘ drying time are shown.

AAnnttiissttaattiicc EEffffeecctt

As seen below, tests carried out at Centraal Laboratorium TNO in Holland demonstrate the outstanding antistatic effect of AKYPO® GENE KTS on synthetic fiber carpets.

Carpet Treatment Max. charge of test person (V)

Leather sole Plastic sole

Nylon needle felt

None - 2200 - 2800

AKYPO® GENE KTS

+ 48 + 70

Nylon

fitted carpet

None - 2600 - 3300

AKYPO® GENE KTS

+ 35 + 55

MAIN PROPERTIES FOAM CONSISTENCY

PHYSICAL DATA

FORMULATION REFERENCE

AARREEAA WWIITTHH CCOOMMMMOONN DDIIRRTT

CCLLEEAANNEEDD AARREEAA

STABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROLYTES Maximum electrolyte content in %; 1month; RT; 1% am

3

®

®

TKPP: Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate MGDA.3Na: Methylglycine Diacetic Acid. 3Na Na2SiO3.5H2O: Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

SLES AKYPO® RLM Range

Cocamine Oxide AKYPO® LF Range

Anionic surfactants can form complexes with ammonium-quats, used as biocides, inhibiting their disinfecting properties. The graph below shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benzalkonium Chloride (BzCl) required to prevent the growth of Staphyloccocus Aureus in the presence of a fixed quantity (500 ppm) of different added surfactants. Typical anionic surfactants such as soap, SLS or SLES, clearly inhibit the disinfecting effect of BzCl, and it is necessary to increase the concentration of biocide to over 100 ppm. The AKYPO® RLM type exhibits lower inhibition and only a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm of BzCl is needed. In the case of AKYPO® LF there is even synergy, and less biocide is needed to prevent microorganism growth.

CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy wwiitthh .. .. ..

OOxxiiddiizziinngg AAggeennttss

The chemical structure of AKYPO® products is not sensitive to oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxides. The graph shows the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of different surfactants during a storage period of 3 months at room temperature. It can be seen that the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of AKYPO® surfactants is comparable to that of Cocamine Oxide, a well known surfactant used as a perfume solubilizer in chlorine-based bleaches.

DDiissiinnffeeccttaannttss

HYPOCHLORITE STABILITY TEST Presence of NaClO in solution (%) vs time

1% am Surfactant; 3% initial NaClO

Chimney Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 25 2.4

OXIDET® DMCLD* 8.3

NaOH 3.1

Monoethanolamine 1

Sodium Citrate 1

Deionized Water Up to 100

FORMULATIONS GUIDELINE

IInndduussttrriiaall && IInnssttiittuuttiioonnaall

Considering all the aforementioned properties, AKYPO® RLM products represent an excellent choice as the main anionic surfactant in I&I formulations, especially the ones that require a large amount of foam in extreme conditions. Below are some guide formulations showing the versatility of the AKYPO® RLM range.

* MGDA.3Na

HHoouusseehhoolldd

Alkaline Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 4

NaOH (50%) O 10

Chelating Agent* 3


Acid Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 3

OXIDET® DMCLD* 6

Phosphoric Acid 5


* Cocamine Oxide

Disinfecting Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 1.5

OXIDET® DMCLD* 2

NaClO (150 g/L) 30

NaOH (50%) 10


This special formulation is capable of removing all the heavy dirt produced by the combustion of wood inside a chimney. Various tests in real conditions were carried out, with outstanding results.

As an example of another Household product with AKYPO® RLM products, here is a concentrated bath cleaner with a very mild profile and creamy foam.

CCaarr CCaarree ((sseeee aallssoo CCaarr CCaarree bbrroocchhuurree))

4


BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE COMPATIBILITY TEST Disinfecting effect of BzCl solution in the presence of surfactants (500 ppm)

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

0 30 60 90

AKYPO LF & RLM Blank

Cocamine Oxide Mono Alkylquat

Alkyl Polyglucoside

days

1

10

100

1000

without surfactant

AKYPO LF 4 AKYPO RLM 25

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

soap SLS SLES

MIC

(p

pm

)

®

® ® ®

9

Market Product

Car Shampoo %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 5

SULFONAX® * 2

Butyl Diglycol 4

H3PO4 (85%) pH < 3

Citric Acid (50%)


* Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid

Bath Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 100 5

AMIDET® N* 6

FINDET® 10/18** 4

Citric Acid (50%) 3


* PEG-4 Rapeseedamide ** Fatty Alcohol C10+6EO

INITIAL APPLICATION FIRST RINSE

Market Product

Chimney Cleaner

Trademark CAS Number Chemical Description Appearance at 20ºC

% Active Matter

AKYPO® LF 1 53563-70-5 Capryleth-6 Carboxylic Acid Liquid ≈ 90


AKYPO® LF 4 53563-70-5

105391-15-9 Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid + Hexeth-4 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid ≈ 89

AKYPO® LF 6 53563-70-5

107600-34-0 Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid + Buteth-2 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid ≈ 87

Just like the AKYPO® LF range, AKYPO® RLM products are liquid at room temperature and highly concentrated. Their main application is Industrial Cleaning although they are suitable for Household applications thanks to their mildness.

MAIN PROPERTIES

HHiigghh FFooaammaabbiilliittyy

The AKYPO® RLM range produces high foaming levels with high foam stability. The foaming level is between that of standard non-ionic surfactants and SLES. Furthermore, the foam is dense and stable.

HHiigghh SSttaabbiilliittyy

FOAM BEHAVIOR Ross Miles method; mL of foam vs time

1g am/L; RT; neutral pH

Although AKYPO® RLM products have poorer stability in the presence of alkalis and electrolytes than AKYPO® LF products, they are still very stable in these solutions, and better than other anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

Electrolytes Acids Alkali

MGDA. 3Na EDTA.4Na TKPP

Na2SiO3. 5H2O

HCl H3PO4 NaOH

AKYPO® RLM 25 5 20 20 1 25 70 5

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 30 20 20 15 30 70 10

AKYPO® RLM 100 20 20 20 15 30 70 15

AKYPO® LF products are liquid at room temperature, highly concentrated and commercially available in acid form. They are used singly or in combination for application in Industrial & Institutional formulations.

MAIN PROPERTIES

LLooww FFooaammaabbiilliittyy

Low Foaming gives the name to the AKYPO® LF range as this is one of the main properties that makes this range so special. They can be used in formulations that are to be applied at high pressure and under extreme conditions that require low levels of foam. As seen in the graph, the AKYPO® LF range is low foaming, especially at low pHs, even more than common EO/PO surfactants.

DDiissppeerrssiinngg AAbbiilliittyy AKYPO® LF range is capable of dispersing large quantities of particulate soil, a well appreciated characteristic for heavy-duty cleaners. This dispersing ability helps to remove the dirt from surfaces and, above all, avoids its re-deposition by suspending the dirt in the solution.

FOAM BEHAVIOR with pH Ross Miles method; RT; 1g a.m./L

Foam level of typical foaming surfactants

0

50

100

150

200

3 7 13

EO/PO surfactant AKYPO LF 1 AKYPO LF 2

AKYPO LF 4 AKYPO LF 6

0

25

50

75

No Hydrotrope

APG SCS AKYPO LF Range

0

50

100

150

200

Non Ionic Surfactant

SLES AKYPO RLM 100

AKYPO RLM 45CA

AKYPO RLM 25

5 sec 5 min

8

AAKKYYPPOO®® RRLLMM RRaannggee



% Active Matter

AKYPO® RLM 25 27306-90-7 Laureth-4 Carboxylic Acid Liquid ≈ 94

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 27306-90-7 Laureth-6 Carboxylic Acid Liquid ≈ 92


GENERAL STABILITY 1% a.m. surfactant ; RT; 24h ; Maximum content in %

mL

foam

®

®

®

5


mL

foam

pH

ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPERSING ABILITY % Transmittance

Bad

Good

The chart shows the lower transmittance given by formulas containing AKYPO® LF, meaning that particles are suspended throughout the solution.

Good Bad

® ®

® ®

®

AAKKYYPPOO®® LLFF RRaannggee

APG: Alkyl Polyglucoside SCS: Sodium Cumene Sulfonate

Additive

Standard formula

%

AKYPO® LF 4 2.5

Non-ionic surf. 3

Builders* 9

NaOH (50%) pH 11.5


* Blend of TKPP and MGDA.3Na

HHyyddrroottrrooppyy

In Industrial & Institutional cleaners, it is common to use large quantities of electrolytes. In this medium, non-ionic surfactants usually give hazy formulations. The AKYPO® LF range allows clear and stable formulations using lower amounts of product than other hydrotropic agents.

HOUSEHOLD

EEccoollaabbeell ddeeggrreeaasseerr

Test Formula %

Hydrotrope X

MGDA.3Na 6

FINDET® 10/18* 3

KOH pH 13

Deionized Water Up to 100%

* Fatty Alcohol C10 + 6EO

Acid %

AKYPO® LF 3

H3PO4 (75%) 97

INDUSTRIAL CLEANING

HHiigghh PPrreessssuurree CClleeaanniinngg

AKYPO® LF products have all the properties a high pressure cleaner needs: low foamability, compatibility with electrolytes, stability in acid or basic media and, specially, good dispersing ability. The following formula has been tested both at laboratory scale and at real scale.

CClleeaanniinngg iinn PPllaaccee ((CCIIPP)) The surfactants used in CIP formulations have to be very effective, easily rinsable and, above all, low foaming. In all these properties, the AKYPO® LF range achieves high marks. The graph shows the foam volume of a 1g am/L surfactant solution at room temperature circulating in a closed system for 30 minutes. The solution is then kept “steady” and the foam is measured again 5 minutes later.

Balanced and cost-effective Household products can be formulated with the addition of an AKYPO® LF.

As an example, here is a remarkably effective formulation, as the IKW test indicates (Recommendation for the Quality Assessment of the Product Performance of All-Purpose Cleaners; SÖFW-Journal 130, 10-2004, pages 83-93). Additionally, with AKYPO® LF 2, the formulation meets the Ecolabel requirements.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

EO/PO

AKYPO LF6

AKYPO LF4

AKYPO LF2

AKYPO LF1

circulation

steady

Alkaline & Disinfecting

%

AKYPO® LF 1

NaClO (150g/L) 30

NaOH (50%) 16

Bayhibit-AM 2


Blank

6


7

mL foam

CIP FORMULATIONS

0

0,5

1

1,5

2


HYDROTROPY TEST % of Hydrotrope (am) to make formulation clear

Bad

Good

Good

EFFECTIVENESS TEST IKW Test

BBEE

FFOO

RREE

AA

FFTT

EERR

Degreaser %

AKYPO® LF 2 1.1

FINDET® 1214N/19 2.5

NaOH (50%) pH 11.5


* Fatty Alcohol C12-C14 + 7EO

Market Product

Degreaser (1st replica)

Degreaser (2nd replica)

%

BBEEFFOORREE

AAFFTTEERR

CLEANING ABILITY Road Film Truck Cleaning

Real Scale

CIRCULATION TEST METHOD 1g am/L; RT; pH as is

High Pressure Cleaning Formulation

CLEANING ABILITY Laboratory Assessment

10% formula dilution; RT

AAKKYYPPOO®®

LLFF 44

Market

Product

AKYPO® LF products exhibit different behaviors in this test, showing comparable or lower foaming ability than EO/PO surfactants used in the field.

Bad

®

®

®

®

®

*Materials used in this formulation fulfil EU Ecolabel criteria


% Active Matter



AKYPO® LF 4 53563-70-5

105391-15-9 Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid + Hexeth-4 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid ≈ 89

AKYPO® LF 6 53563-70-5

107600-34-0 Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid + Buteth-2 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid ≈ 87

Just like the AKYPO® LF range, AKYPO® RLM products are liquid at room temperature and highly concentrated. Their main application is Industrial Cleaning although they are suitable for Household applications thanks to their mildness.

MAIN PROPERTIES

HHiigghh FFooaammaabbiilliittyy

The AKYPO® RLM range produces high foaming levels with high foam stability. The foaming level is between that of standard non-ionic surfactants and SLES. Furthermore, the foam is dense and stable.

HHiigghh SSttaabbiilliittyy

FOAM BEHAVIOR Ross Miles method; mL of foam vs time

1g am/L; RT; neutral pH

Although AKYPO® RLM products have poorer stability in the presence of alkalis and electrolytes than AKYPO® LF products, they are still very stable in these solutions, and better than other anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

Electrolytes Acids Alkali

MGDA. 3Na EDTA.4Na TKPP

Na2SiO3. 5H2O

HCl H3PO4 NaOH

AKYPO® RLM 25 5 20 20 1 25 70 5

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 30 20 20 15 30 70 10

AKYPO® RLM 100 20 20 20 15 30 70 15

AKYPO® LF products are liquid at room temperature, highly concentrated and commercially available in acid form. They are used singly or in combination for application in Industrial & Institutional formulations.

MAIN PROPERTIES

LLooww FFooaammaabbiilliittyy

Low Foaming gives the name to the AKYPO® LF range as this is one of the main properties that makes this range so special. They can be used in formulations that are to be applied at high pressure and under extreme conditions that require low levels of foam. As seen in the graph, the AKYPO® LF range is low foaming, especially at low pHs, even more than common EO/PO surfactants.

DDiissppeerrssiinngg AAbbiilliittyy AKYPO® LF range is capable of dispersing large quantities of particulate soil, a well appreciated characteristic for heavy-duty cleaners. This dispersing ability helps to remove the dirt from surfaces and, above all, avoids its re-deposition by suspending the dirt in the solution.

FOAM BEHAVIOR with pH Ross Miles method; RT; 1g a.m./L

Foam level of typical foaming surfactants

0

50

100

150

200

3 7 13

EO/PO surfactant AKYPO LF 1 AKYPO LF 2

AKYPO LF 4 AKYPO LF 6

0

25

50

75

No Hydrotrope


0

50

100

150

200

Non Ionic Surfactant

SLES AKYPO RLM 100

AKYPO RLM 45CA

AKYPO RLM 25

5 sec 5 min

8

AAKKYYPPOO®® RRLLMM RRaannggee



% Active Matter


AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 27306-90-7 Laureth-6 Carboxylic Acid Liquid ≈ 92


GENERAL STABILITY 1% a.m. surfactant ; RT; 24h ; Maximum content in %

mL

foam

®

®

®

5


mL

foam

pH

ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPERSING ABILITY % Transmittance

Bad

Good

The chart shows the lower transmittance given by formulas containing AKYPO® LF, meaning that particles are suspended throughout the solution.

Good Bad

® ®

® ®

®


APG: Alkyl Polyglucoside SCS: Sodium Cumene Sulfonate

Additive

Anionic surfactants can form complexes with ammonium-quats, used as biocides, inhibiting their disinfecting properties. The graph below shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benzalkonium Chloride (BzCl) required to prevent the growth of Staphyloccocus Aureus in the presence of a fixed quantity (500 ppm) of different added surfactants. Typical anionic surfactants such as soap, SLS or SLES, clearly inhibit the disinfecting effect of BzCl, and it is necessary to increase the concentration of biocide to over 100 ppm. The AKYPO® RLM type exhibits lower inhibition and only a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm of BzCl is needed. In the case of AKYPO® LF there is even synergy, and less biocide is needed to prevent microorganism growth.

CCoommppaattiibbiilliittyy wwiitthh .. .. ..

OOxxiiddiizziinngg AAggeennttss

The chemical structure of AKYPO® products is not sensitive to oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxides. The graph shows the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of different surfactants during a storage period of 3 months at room temperature. It can be seen that the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of AKYPO® surfactants is comparable to that of Cocamine Oxide, a well known surfactant used as a perfume solubilizer in chlorine-based bleaches.

DDiissiinnffeeccttaannttss

HYPOCHLORITE STABILITY TEST Presence of NaClO in solution (%) vs time

1% am Surfactant; 3% initial NaClO

Chimney Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 25 2.4

OXIDET® DMCLD* 8.3

NaOH 3.1

Monoethanolamine 1

Sodium Citrate 1


FORMULATIONS GUIDELINE

IInndduussttrriiaall && IInnssttiittuuttiioonnaall

Considering all the aforementioned properties, AKYPO® RLM products represent an excellent choice as the main anionic surfactant in I&I formulations, especially the ones that require a large amount of foam in extreme conditions. Below are some guide formulations showing the versatility of the AKYPO® RLM range.

* MGDA.3Na

HHoouusseehhoolldd

Alkaline Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 4

NaOH (50%) O 10

Chelating Agent* 3


Acid Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 3

OXIDET® DMCLD* 6

Phosphoric Acid 5


* Cocamine Oxide

Disinfecting Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 1.5

OXIDET® DMCLD* 2

NaClO (150 g/L) 30

NaOH (50%) 10


This special formulation is capable of removing all the heavy dirt produced by the combustion of wood inside a chimney. Various tests in real conditions were carried out, with outstanding results.

As an example of another Household product with AKYPO® RLM products, here is a concentrated bath cleaner with a very mild profile and creamy foam.

CCaarr CCaarree ((sseeee aallssoo CCaarr CCaarree bbrroocchhuurree))

4


BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE COMPATIBILITY TEST Disinfecting effect of BzCl solution in the presence of surfactants (500 ppm)

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

0 30 60 90

AKYPO LF & RLM Blank

Cocamine Oxide Mono Alkylquat

Alkyl Polyglucoside

days

1

10

100

1000

without surfactant

AKYPO LF 4 AKYPO RLM 25

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

soap SLS SLES

MIC

(p

pm

)

®

® ® ®

9

Market Product

Car Shampoo %

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA 5

SULFONAX® * 2

Butyl Diglycol 4

H3PO4 (85%) pH < 3

Citric Acid (50%)


* Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid

Bath Cleaner %

AKYPO® RLM 100 5

AMIDET® N* 6

FINDET® 10/18** 4

Citric Acid (50%) 3


* PEG-4 Rapeseedamide ** Fatty Alcohol C10+6EO

INITIAL APPLICATION FIRST RINSE

Market Product

Chimney Cleaner


AKYPO® GENE KTS is an optimized blend of an ether carboxylate and a polymer in a proportion that makes it a good carpet cleaner and stain remover.

- Good cleaning effect - No organic solvents - Good residue removal - Good anti-soiling effect - Superfine foam - Short drying time - Antistatic effect - Easy to apply in aerosol cans

As a carpet cleaner should, AKYPO® GENE KTS shows good cleaning action in conjunction with resistance against re-soiling. Not only does it remove stains from the carpet, but it also deposits a protective layer on the surface of the textile. Its fast drying shortens the cleaning time and its creamy foam allows the product to be spread evenly, leaving no untreated spots. Additionally, on synthetic carpets the product has a remarkable antistatic effect.

FORMULATION GUIDELINE

APPLICATION TESTS

SSttaabbiilliittyy iinn .. .. ..

HHaarrdd WWaatteerr Tap water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The stability of a cleaning formulation and its performance are highly dependent on water hardness. According to DIN 53905 (Hard Water Stability Test), all AKYPO® products achieve the maximum score (75 points). They are much more stable than other anionic surfactants like Sodium or Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfates (SLS or MEA LS), and therefore give more stable formulations with optimal cleaning results.

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AKYPO® products are very stable in the presence of acids. Among them, the AKYPO® LF types show the highest stability, being compatible even with hydrofluoric acid and oxidizing acids such as nitric acid.

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As shown graphically, AKYPO® products are more stable under high alkaline conditions than other surfactants like Sodium Laureth Sulfate or amine oxides. Low alkyl chain types, AKYPO® LF, show the highest alkaline compatibility, accepting even 20% of sodium hydroxide.

EElleeccttrroollyytteess

Builders and electrolytes are commonly used in hard surface cleaners to increase cleaning performance. AKYPO® products allow stable formulations to be prepared containing high amounts of them. Fine tuning is needed to choose the best AKYPO® option depending on the electrolyte.

STABILITY IN NaOH SOLUTIONS Maximum NaOH content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

STABILITY IN ACID SOLUTIONS Maximum acid content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

HARD WATER STABILITY TEST DIN 53905

0 25 50 75

MEA LS

Soap

SLS

SLES

AKYPO RLM Range

AKYPO LF Range

HCl H3PO4 HNO3 HF

AKYPO® LF 30 70 30 10

AKYPO® RLM 30 70 - -

MGDA.

3Na TKPP

Na2SiO3.

5H2O

AKYPO® LF 30 20 15 - 20

AKYPO® RLM 5 - 30 20 1 - 15

10

AAKKYYPPOO®® GGEENNEE KKTTSS -- tthhee uullttiimmaattee ccaarrppeett cclleeaanneerr

Ionic Nature Anionic

Active Matter ≈ 31 %

Appearance Opaque Liquid

Freezing Point 0 ºC

pH Value 8.5 – 9.5

Viscosity (20ºC) ≈ 300 cPs

AKYPO® GENE KTS 20

Demineralized Water 79.5

Na2 Hydrogen Phosphate (.2H2O) 0.5

The mixture is used with a propellant in aerosol cans and produces fine-pored foam easy to spread. The formulation can also be used directly or in spray with special “Foam Formation Valve”. Once it is applied, it dries into macroscopic solid needles that are easily removed by vacuum cleaner or a rag. This kind of formulation can be used for either Household or Institutional applications.

CClleeaanniinngg EEffffeecctt

A small area of a nylon carpet with common dirt was cleaned with AKYPO® GENE KTS and the rest with water. In the picture below, comparative results after a few hours‘ drying time are shown.

AAnnttiissttaattiicc EEffffeecctt

As seen below, tests carried out at Centraal Laboratorium TNO in Holland demonstrate the outstanding antistatic effect of AKYPO® GENE KTS on synthetic fiber carpets.

Carpet Treatment Max. charge of test person (V)

Leather sole Plastic sole

Nylon needle felt

None - 2200 - 2800

AKYPO® GENE KTS

+ 48 + 70

Nylon

fitted carpet

None - 2600 - 3300

AKYPO® GENE KTS

+ 35 + 55

MAIN PROPERTIES FOAM CONSISTENCY

PHYSICAL DATA

FORMULATION REFERENCE

AARREEAA WWIITTHH CCOOMMMMOONN DDIIRRTT

CCLLEEAANNEEDD AARREEAA

STABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROLYTES Maximum electrolyte content in %; 1month; RT; 1% am

3

®

®

TKPP: Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate MGDA.3Na: Methylglycine Diacetic Acid. 3Na Na2SiO3.5H2O: Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

SLES AKYPO® RLM Range

Cocamine Oxide AKYPO® LF Range

Product R n

AKYPO® LF 1 C8 5

AKYPO® LF 2 C8 8

AKYPO® LF 4 C6 / C8 3 + 8

AKYPO® LF 6 C4 / C8 1 + 8

AKYPO® RLM 25 C12 / C14 2.5

AKYPO® RLM 45 CA C12 / C14 4.5

AKYPO® RLM 100 C12 / C14 10

AKYPO® GENE KTS ECA + polymer

AKYPO® LM-40 Optimized ECA

MAIN PROPERTIES

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Kao Chemicals Europe commercializes a wide range of anionic

surfactants under the product name AKYPO®, which are

multifunctional additives recommended especially for

professional and industrial cleaning products and also for

household detergents.

The AKYPO® products are alkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (ECAs)

or their salts, with variable alkyl chain length (R) and various

degrees of ethoxylation (n). In terms of alkyl chain length, the

AKYPO® products can be divided into two main categories, the

AKYPO® LF and AKYPO

® RLM ranges, each with its

characteristic application properties. The variable ethoxylation

degree also affects these properties. AKYPO® LF types, whose

alkyl chain length ranges from C4 to C8, are low foaming

surfactants with high dispersing and hydrotropic abilities. AKYPO

® RLM products are based on a C12-C14 alkyl chain and

their degree of ethoxylation ranges from 2.5 to 10 EO. They are

characterized by good foaming behavior at different pHs.

Foaming ability and foam control are extremely important

properties to be considered in a cleaning formulation.

The foam behavior of a detergent is very much dependent on

the formulation's characteristics, such as, pH value, electrolyte

content, surfactant type and concentration, among others.

The brand name AKYPO® LF stands for “Low Foaming” ECAs.

Their foaming behavior is comparable to, or even lower than

that of typical Ethoxylated-Propoxylated (EO/PO) non-ionic

surfactants, usually used for low foaming cleaners. Conversely,

longer alkyl chain length ECAs, like the AKYPO® RLM range,

exhibit high levels of foam. The foam formed is dense and

stable but at the same time easily rinsed.

Both categories exhibit outstanding stability under strong pH conditions,

and allow the formulation of cleaners with a high electrolyte and builder content.

In addition to the aforementioned products, the AKYPO® range includes two “specialty” surfactants: AKYPO

® GENE KTS, an

optimized blend of an ECA and a polymer, which exhibits superior performance for carpet cleaners, and AKYPO® LM-40, specially

designed as an excellent foaming agent for Open Plant Cleaners (OPC).

ECOTOXICOLOGIC PROFILE & MILDNESS

Kao is a company fully committed to the environment and recognized as one of the world leaders in environmental responsibility.

In accordance with Kao’s general policy, the AKYPO® range meets the highest standards of quality. They are readily biodegradable

products, show good aquatic toxicity and can be used in ecological and “green” certified formulations. Despite the fact that most

cleaning formulations, and particularly those for Industrial application, are highly aggressive, the AKYPO® products, once

neutralized, exhibit a very mild profile and are highly recommended for Household products too.

AKYPO® LM-40 is a brand-new ether carboxylate surfactant specially designed for use in Open Plant Cleaning processes, mainly in

the Food and Beverage industry (Patent filed).

- Outstanding foam retention

- Mild profile

- Creamy and stable foam

- Good eco-toxicity

- Stable in extreme conditions

- Concentrated and solvent-free

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: FOAM RETENTION

2


INTRODUCTION

RO

OOH

O

n

FOAMABILITY Comparison of foam levels using Ross-Miles method

1g am/L ; RT; neutral pH

0

50

100

150

200

AKYPO LF Range EO/PO Surfactant

AKYPO RLM Range SLES

5 sec 5 min

mL

fo

am

®

®

SLES: Sodium Laureth Sulfate

11


Active Matter min. 90 %

Appearance Clear, colorless to pale yellowish liquid

pH Value (1%) 2.0 – 3.5

Viscosity (20ºC) 100 - 500 cPs

PHYSICAL DATA MAIN PROPERTIES

0’ 4’ 0’ 1’

AKYPO® LM-40

Standard Anionic

Surfactant

Application time

Formulations are diluted with

water before being introduced in

to the appropriate foaming device.

Product is applied at a dilution of 1-10% and left to act for some time.

AAKKYYPPOO®® LLMM--4400 -- OOppeenn PPllaanntt CClleeaanniinngg aapppplliiccaattiioonn

AKYPO® LM-40 reaches its best performance in alkaline formulations combined with amphoteric surfactants at specific ratios.

Foam ability and retention time depend on the ratio between AKYPO® LM-40 and amphoteric surfactants such as Amine Oxides

(e.g. OXIDET® DMCLD or OXIDET

® DM-20) or Sulfobetaines (BETADET

® SHR or BETADET

® S-20). These amphoteric surfactants

are selected according to the alkali content.

AKYPO® LM-40 / OXIDET

® DMCLD: from 4/1 to 1.5/1

AKYPO® LM-40 / BETADET

® SHR: from 2/1 to 1/1

AKYPO® LM-40 / BETADET

® S-20: from 3/1 to 1.5/1

Ratio AKYPO® LM 40 / Amphoteric surfactant

4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1

OXIDET® DMCLD

BETADET® SHR

BETADET® S-20

5% NaOH 10% NaOH 15% NaOH

Outstanding FOAM RETENTION

Excellent FOAM RETENTION

Conventional FOAM RETENTION

Not suitable FOAM QUALITY

Not feasible formulation

Ratio AKYPO® LM 40 / Amphoteric surfactant

4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1

OXIDET® DMCLD

BETADET® SHR

BETADET® S-20

5% NaOH 10% NaOH 15% NaOH

Outstanding FOAM RETENTION

Excellent FOAM RETENTION

Conventional FOAM RETENTION

Not suitable FOAM QUALITY

Not feasible formulation

Trademark Chemical Description Appearance (20ºC) Active Matter (%)

AAAKKKYYYPPPOOO®®®

The technology of KAO’s surfactants at your service

Our Chemicals, Your Business

KKaaoo CChheemmiiccaallss EEuurrooppee www.kaochemicals-eu.com

Mission Our Mission is “to strive for the wholehearted satisfaction and enrichment of the lives of people globally” through the Company’s core domain of value added chemicals.

Fully committed to this mission, all members of the Kao Group work together with passion to provide products of excellent value created from the customer’s perspective. In so doing, we “share joy with the customer”.

Vision We aim to be “a global group of companies that is closest to the customer in each market”, earning the respect and trust of all stakeholders and contributing towards the

sustainable development of society.

Kao Corporation, S.A. Puig dels Tudons, 10 E-08210 Barberà del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain Tel: +34 93 7399-300 Fax:+34 93 7399-377 e-mail:[email protected]

Kao Chemicals GmbH Kupferstrasse 1 D-46446 Emmerich, Germany Tel: +49(0)2822 711-0 Fax:+49(0)2822 711-201

e-mail:[email protected]

Documents

AKYPO® Industrial & Institutional leaflet