Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks

Kyle Cruz Billy YorkKyle Cruz Billy YorkSt. Edward’s UniversitySt. Edward’s University

Agenda

1. Background/vocabulary of WSNs, wireless sensor networks

2. Some applications of WSNs3. Components of a WSN4. Setting up a WSN with local mote programming5. Setting up a WSN with Over The Air

Programming6. Summarize project results and references

VocabularyMote from remote as in a wireless

transceiver that is also a remote sensor WSN Wireless Sensor NetworkOTAP Over the Air ProgrammingHopping data is transmitted from mote to

mote until the packet (data) reaches the base

Sensor a device capable of sending a reading

Gateway base station

Senior Project a requirement at St. Edwards. A 3 hour course.

Our ProjectDeploy a WSN in science

building/greenhouseUse ‘local’ technique to program motesUse ‘OTAP’ technique to program motesInvestigate and report on deployment

logistics

A mote consists of 4 components Sensor(s) board Microprocessor Transceiver Power supply

Sensors are available to sense light, temperature, magnetism, acceleration, sound. Virtually any sensor that can send analog data can be used.

Powered by batteries or ac power

The sensor board from Crossbow with microphone thermistorlight sensormagnometertwo-axis accelerometersounder.

Microprocessors have their own language (a small vocabulary to support a small footprint) 128k memory,7mhz processor, 4kb Static RAM for storing data and variables.

Because the motes hardware is so confined they require specialized operating system known as TinyOS.

NesC is the language used to program TinyOS

Packet consisting of MoteID GroupID Date – time Sensor readings ParentNode

Packets sent Frequency – how often Amount of data

A base station – programming board and mote

Two or three motes, minimum Accompanying software suite to

Program motes (set up network, set timer, …) Gather data from the base station Load data into a database

PC or Server to run the software

The base station is a mote programmed with base software attached to a programming board which is connected to a host

The base station is the key part of a WSN, it receives all the data sent by wireless sensors and is used to program motes before they are deployed

The host is used to store data through a supplied database in the software.

‘Local’ attach the mote to a programming board which is connected to the host via ethernet cable or serial port.

‘Over The Air Programming’ (OTAP). Locally, install/program the mote to receive

commands over the air from a base station. Then, when deployed, it can be re-

programmed from the base station and not brought in from the field.

Many motes together make a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

In WSNs motes form a network by communicating, listening and transmitting information to and from each other and a base station mote.

A wireless sensor that derives the power necessary for it operation from environmental vibrations. The primary purpose of the project is to demonstrate vibration-based power scavenging and its integration into a self-contained wireless sensor that measures and communicates some measured property of the platform, in the present case the temperature. http://www.rlwinc.com/

MoteTrack is a robust, decentralized location tracking system based on TinyOS motes (Mica2, MicaZ, Telos). MoteTrack allows motes can determine their own location to within 1-2 meter accuracy by comparing received radio signals to a replicated database of stored signatures. http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~konrad/projects/motetrack/

Other projects can be found at http://www.tinyos.net

Moteview – GUI to view data received, the network, graphs, basic configuration of motes

Moteconfig – programming the motes Programmers Notepad – source code IDE Xserve – interface between database and

base station PostgreSQL – database management

system

Crossbow Technologies Dust Networks Spectrum Technologies

References for pricingCrossbow Technologies http://www.xbow.com/Home/HomePage.aspx

Dust Networkshttp://www.dustnetworks.com/flash-index.shtml

Microstainhttp://www.microstrain.com/wireless-sensors.aspx?gclid=CMS7qrykzYsCFQJjSgodEA5XEA

Intellisensinghttp://www.intellisensing.com/

Microdaqhttp://www.microdaq.com/accsense/index.php?

gclid=CKq168umzYsCFSYiSgod3Q9PBA

PointSix Wirelesshttp://www.pointsix.com/cgi-bin/PointSix.cgi?Point_Sensors

Crossbow Classroom Kithttp://www.xbow.com/Products/

productdetails.aspx?sid=233

WSN Projectshttp://faculty.stedwards.edu/laurab/wsn/

http://wireless.industrial-networking.com/articles/articles.asp http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/users/select_users.phphttp://www.tinyos.net/