AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP CAMEROON: LIVESTOCK … · After the adoption of the National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP) in March 1996, Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996: Model

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AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP

CAMEROON: LIVESTOCK AND FISHERY VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT (PD-CVEP): CONSTRUCTION OF A MODERN CATTLE SLAUGHTER

HOUSE IN DOUALA – BONENDALÉ

Environnemental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Summary

Project Team

Team Leader B. Boulanouar Livestock Specialist AHAI.2 2721

Team

Members

A. Nyaga Rural Development Specialist RDGC.2 6815

J. M. Meng-Lihinag Agro-Economist RDGS.2 3968

J. L. Kromer Natural Resource Management Specialist ECNR 3331

L. Garba Environmentalist AHAI.2 1990

B. Sambe Financial Inclusion Consultant PIFD.1 5310

J. Bissakonou Social Development and Gender Specialist RDGC.2 6807

L. C. Djeufo Procurements Specialist COCM 6809

N. Thioye-Diallo Financial Management Specialist COCM 6833

D. Kirabo Financial Analyst RDGW.2 2478

Paul Bisso Civil Engineering Consultant COCM -

N. Korie Entrepreneurship Consultant AHAI.0 5485

Acting

Division

Manager

A. Eyeghe RDGC.2 2253

Sector

Director M. FREGENE AHAI 2042

Sector

Director M. Traore (OIC) ECNR 3308

Regional

Director

General

O. Dore RDGC 4902

Deputy

Director

General

R. Kane RDGC 4440

Country

Officer S. Kone COCM 6800

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1. Introduction

This paper is the summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the

“Construction of a Modern Cattle Slaughter-house in Douala-Bonendalé, Douala 4th District”

component of the Livestock and Fishery Value Chains Development Project (PD-CVEP)

In accordance with the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group’s Integrated Safeguards

System (ISS) and national requirements, this category of projects is subject to the conduct

beforehand of a detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.

This summary was prepared in line with AfDB environmental and social assessment guidelines

and procedures for projects of this category. It presents the project description and rationale;

the political, legal and administrative framework; a description of the project environment; the

alternative solutions for the project showing the “with-project” and “no-project” scenarios; the

potential impacts and mitigation/enhancement measures; environmental risk management; the

monitoring programme; public consultations and information dissemination; and

complementary initiatives. It ends with a conclusion.

2. Project Description and Rationale

The Livestock and Fishery Value Chains Development Project (PD-CVEP) aims generally to

increase the volume of meat and fish production and the incomes of value chain stakeholders

through the modernization of slaughter and conservation facilities and capacity-building. The

livestock sub-sector suffers from insufficient infrastructure for the slaughter, conservation (cold

chain) and marketing of livestock/fishery products but also from the proliferation of clandestine

slaughtering (60% for cattle, 90% for pigs and 80% for sheep) and precarious product

packaging, transportation, distribution and storage conditions. This project will bridge this gap.

PD-CVEP is consistent with the guidelines of Cameroon’s Growth and Employment Strategy

Paper (GESP 2010-2020) which places emphasis on infrastructure development, production

machinery modernization and trade diversification. The project will also contribute directly to

the sector objectives of the Rural Sector Development Strategy (RSDS), especially Pillars 2 and

3, aimed respectively at improving sector productivity and competitiveness and modernizing

rural infrastructure and agricultural production. Lastly, the project is in line with the thematic

thrusts of the 2014-2020 PNIA approved in April 2014 namely: (i) Develop production sectors

and improve food and nutritional security; (ii) Modernize rural production infrastructure; and

(iii) Build rural development stakeholders’ capacity and develop natural resources.

The zone to host the slaughter-house is in theDouala 4th Sub-division , Wouri Division, Littoral

Region – a composite district with an industrial zone, well-planned residential areas and

unplanned houses. Specifically, the project is located in Bonendalé village at the intersection of

latitude 4°06’42,06’’ North and longitude 9°38’42,06’’ East (see Figure 1).

The slaughter-house falls under the PD-CVEP component “Develop necessary infrastructure

for sub-sector upgrade” and its production capacity is 400 heads per day. The planned

infrastructure will be built on 3ha 53a 21ca (see Figure 2) and will comprise:

✓ A slaughter-house comprising the following key facilities:

- Meat line;

- Refrigerating block rails;

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- Slaughter-house refrigerating equipment;

- Tripe shop;

- Rolling stock and expendable equipment;

- Cutting equipment;

- Flatware;

- Other materials;

- Special equipment;

- Assembly and assistance;

- Cattle stalling area;

✓ A waste treatment unit

- Cleaning-up station;

- Blood treatment and collection facilities.

✓ An administrative building

✓ A borehole with solar unit

✓ A sentry box.

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Figure 1: Project Site Location

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3. Political, Legal and Administrative Framework

3.1. Applicable National Regulatory Instruments

After the adoption of the National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP) in March 1996,

Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996: Model Law on environmental management laid down the

general legal framework of ESIA management in Cameroon. Its enabling instruments especially

Decree No. 2013/0171/PM of 14 February 2013 defining conditions for the conduct of

environmental and social impact assessments and Order No. 00001/MINEPDED of 8 February

2016, outlined different categories of operations that require the timely conduct of a strategic

environmental assessment or an environmental and social impact assessment. The latter

instrument prescribes that slaughter-house projects with a capacity of 200 heads per day must

be subject to a detailed environmental and social impact assessment.

The other national instruments that apply to this project are:

• Law No. 2000/017 of 19 December 2000 regulating veterinary health inspection

and its annex (WOAH list of zoonoses and diseases that are transmissible to

man);

• Decree No. 75/527 of 16 July 1975 to regulate establishments that manage

livestock and animal industries;

• Law No. 98/005 of 14 April 1998 to lay down water regulations;

• Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998 relating to establishments classified as

dangerous, insanitary or polluting and its implementing Decree No. 99/818/PM

of 9 November 1999;

• Decree No. 99/81/PM of 9 November 1999 to lay down conditions for the

establishment and operation of establishments classified as dangerous, insanitary

or polluting;

• Law No. 1985-09 of 4 July 1985 on expropriation in the public interest and

compensation procedures;

• Law No. 92/007 of 14 August 1992 instituting the Labour Code: it seeks to

protect workers’ health/safety, guarantee the minimum wage and regulate

working conditions to make them fair and equitable; and

• Law No. 64/Lf23 of 13 November 1964 to protect public health.

3.2. International Instruments and Conventions

Cameroon has signed and ratified several related international and regional conventions. The

most relevant ones are presented below: (i) the African Convention on the Conservation of

Nature and Natural Resources (1968) ratified by Cameroon in 1977; (ii) the RAMSAR

Convention on Wetlands of international importance for the conservation of waterfowl; (iii)

the Stockholm Convention (2001) on persistent organic pollutants, signed by Cameroon on 5

October 2001; (iv) the Rio Convention (1992) on Biological Diversity (CBD); (vii) the Kyoto

Protocol on Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Kyoto, 1997) aimed at reducing greenhouse gases.

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3.3. African Development Bank (AfDB) Group’s Safeguard Policies Applied to this Project

The project is also consistent with the AfDB’s Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) as seen in

these five operational safeguards (OS):

• Operational Safeguard 1– Environmental Assessment: This operational

safeguard is triggered by the fact that this investment project is subject to

environmental and social assessment;

• Operational Safeguard 2 – Involuntary Resettlement: This operational

safeguard is triggered by the fact that the project will bring about economic

relocation (without the physical displacement of people);

• Operational Safeguard 3 – Biodiversity, Renewable Resources and Ecosystem

Services: This operational safeguard is not triggered since the project will not

affect any zone of high bio-diversity or ecosystem service potential;

• Operational Safeguard 4 – Pollution Prevention and Control, Greenhouse

Gases, Hazardous Materials and Efficient Resource Use: This operational

safeguard is triggered by the fact that the risk of pollution and various nuisances

exist during works;

• Operational Safeguard 5 – Working Conditions, Health and Safety. This

operational safeguard is triggered by the existence of risks for workers’ health

and safety during worksite operations.

3.4. Institutional Framework

The main institutions concerned with the project are:

• the Ministry of Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable

Development (MINEPDED) which designs and implements Government

policy on the environment and nature protection. It is responsible for the

approval of ESIAs and the issuance of environmental compliance certificates. At

the local level, MINEPDED’s decentralized services will participate in

monitoring the implementation of environmental and social management plans

jointly with other related sector ministries within the framework of the

Divisional ESMP Monitoring Committee;

• the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) is

responsible for implementing and assessing the State’s livestock and fisheries

policy and ensuring the harmonious development of animal industries. The

project will be attached at the central level to the MINEPIA Directorate for the

Development of Animal Production and Industries (DDPIA).

• the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Technological Development

(MINIMIDT) is tasked with monitoring the implementation of the provisions

of Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998 on establishments classified as hazardous,

polluting and insanitary. In fact, the list of hazardous, insanitary and polluting

establishments classifies modern slaughter-houses among first class

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establishments whose managers are required, before opening them, to prepare,

in addition to an ESIA, a dangers study together with an emergency plan.

• the Ministry of Water and Energy (MINEE) designs and monitors the

implementation of the Government’s energy and water resources policy. As

such, MINEE ensures compliance with the provisions of Law No. 98/005 of 14

April 1998 instituting water regulations with respect to the discharge of polluting

substances in surface water. Its devolved services ensure compliance with

provisions related to the authorization to extract surface or groundwater, the

quality of water extracted for industrial purposes, the discharge authorization,

the regular payment of sanitation tax and traceability in liquid waste

management.

• The Animal Production Development and Exploitation Company

(SODEPA) is concerned, in particular, with the production of by-products on a

national scale for use in agriculture, cosmetics and other sectors through its

slaughter-houses. It is placed under the administrative and technical supervision

of the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) and

administers, exploits and develops the animal production of slaughter-houses

and their related facilities (refrigerated warehouses, packaging workshops for

products meant to be sold and for industry);

• the Ministry of State Property, Surveys and Land Tenure (MINDCAF)

designs and implements Government policy on State property, surveys and land

tenure. In the specific context of the project, it will ensure compliance with the

provisions of Order No. 000662/MINDCAF/SG/D1/D14/D142 of 11 July 2016

declaring the works to secure the site to host slaughtering infrastructure at

Minkoameyos in Yaoundé 7 sub-division as being in the public interest.

4. Description of the Project Environment

This section presents a brief description of the main physical, biological and human (social,

cultural and economic) conditions existing in the study zone.

4.1. Bio-physical Environment

Climate: The project zone has a sub-equatorial tropical-type climate with two distinct dry

seasons and two wet seasons. This hot and humid climate is characterized by average

temperatures of 26°C and very abundant rainfall, particularly during the rainy season. The city

of Douala is noted for its abundant rainfall. The mean annual rainfall is around 3,900 mm.

Geology: The geological study of the region indicates the presence of secondary post-

cretaceous sedimentary formations (conglomerates, sandstone, marl and limestone) and recent

alluvial deposits. The soil here is mainly dark clayey topomorphic vertisols which, due to the

abundant rainfall, are subjected seasonally to internal shrinking and swelling. Although quite

coherent, dense and of good chemical quality, the soil still displays poor physical properties.

Geomorphology: The zone to host the future slaughter-house is in the coastal area in the

Douala basin. Its relatively flat, low-altitude relief is strongly dominated by a low-lying

coastline with mangroves much of which have been felled. Topographically, the region has vast

expanses of plateaus and dregs with significant marshy areas dotted here and there.

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Hydrography: The city of Douala is in the middle of the Atlantic basin in the Cameroon

Estuary which is fed by River Wouri, River Mungo and many tributary streams. River Bomono,

a tributary of the Wouri crosses the project site, and flows less than one kilometre downstream

to the latter. Overall, the region has a dense hydrographic network which is in mesh form.

Air Quality: Douala is highly influenced by its intense industrial activity and abundant road

traffic. Situated some 30 km from the sea, the city is under the influence of the monsoon which

regularly brings back to shore all that emanates from its industrial installations as well as

emissions from the fuel burnt by road traffic. Specifically, the air quality in Bonendalé, the

project’s host locality, is dominated by the current slaughter-house’s wastes.

Flora: The Douala region is situated in the trough of the Gulf of Guinea. It is part of the Nigeria-

Cameroon-Gabon evergreen rainforest dominated by mangroves. These mangroves, about 72%

forest, are dominated by Rhizophora racemosa, Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora harrisoni.

The project site vegetation consists of herbaceous plants and food crops, especially groundnuts,

banana, plantains, cassava etc.

Fauna: The Wouri Estuary mangroves are home to a diversity of wildlife species. This zone is

recognized as being important for the saltwater fishes that spawn there. Likewise, water birds

especially herons, white pelicans and a thousand others use it as resting ground. However, the

project site has none of the above animal species. In addition, since it is located in the semi-

urban area, it has neither protected areas not hunting areas.

4.2 Human Environment

In terms of population and housing, the results of the last General Population Census

conducted in 2005 evaluated that the population of Douala is 2,865,795 people compared to

19,406,100 in the entire country. Due to its economic importance, Douala, initially inhabited

by the Sawa, is highly cosmopolitan today: its population hails from many tribes and from

diverse countries.

As concerns its demographic attributes, the project site is in Bonendalé, a locality of nearly

25,000 people spread in ten neighbourhoods. Like Douala, it is also cosmopolitan.

Bonendalé neigborhood, the project site, is under the authority of the two chiefs of Bonendalé

1 and Bonendalé 2 villages. When there are problems in the neighborhood, the population turns

to the chiefs for resolution. When the problems are more complicated, they are taken to the

Douala 4th competent administrative authorities.

Virtually all houses in the study zone are constructed with durable materials. Old buildings

dating back to German colonial times as well as new and more modern structures are also found

in the area.

Health Infrastructure: The Douala 4 Sub-divisional Council has several hospitals, including

the Bonassama District Hospital and Cebec Protestant Hospital. These hospitals are within a

radius of less than 7km from Bonendalé village whose integrated health centre is adjacent to

the project site. A nursing and midwifery school are also being constructed.

School Infrastructure: The council has many educational facilities including public or private

bilingual nursery schools; primary schools; Government secondary and high schools, in

particular, Government High School Bonaberi, one of the most important in the Littoral

Region. Specifically, Bonendalé village has 7 nursery schools (5 of them public and 3 private),

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22 primary schools and 22 Government secondary and high schools. One of the private colleges

– Presbyterian Secondary School (PSS) – is adjacent to the project site.

Access to Electricity and Drinking Water: The surrounding population of Bonendalé village

get their electricity supply from ENEO company. It is important to note the absence of lighting

of neighbourhood roads. The water company (Camerounaise des eaux - CDE), wells and

boreholes ensure water supply.

At the Economic Level: The local economy of the study zone comprises a structured industrial

fabric with a plethora of industrial units and an informal mainly small-scale economy. Activities

include urban agriculture, stock breeding, masonry, carpentry and petty trading. Trading is one

of the most widespread activities in the study zone. Note that commercial activities have

developed widely around the current slaughter-house.

Urban Roads: The main means of communication is the National Road No. 3 that crosses the

council area. Bonendale village is easily accessible from this national road. Despite the state of

the road constructed with paving stones on 2 km from the junction, the remaining road section

to the village is an earth-road, hardly passable, especially in the rainy season.

5. Alternative Solutions for the Project

This section presents and analyses various alternative solutions considered for achieving the

project objectives, including the “without-project” and “with-project” option. The choice of the

best option takes into consideration the technical, economic, environmental and social

feasibility.

5.1. Without-Project Situation

The without-project situation consists in leaving the animal industry in its current precarious

state. This sub-sector lacks slaughter, conservation (cold chain) and marketing infrastructure

for livestock and fishery products. Where such infrastructure exist, it is obsolete and non-

operational. The proliferation of clandestine slaughtering (60% for cattle) and the precarious

conditions under which products are packaged, transported, distributed and stored are a major

public health concern and undermine the profitability of the public infrastructure put in place.

The without-project situation also confirms the generic poor performance of cattle species,

evidenced in very slow growth due to ineffective use of feed, low fertility and low dressing

percentage. Indeed, the live weight ranges between 150kg and 350 kg with a dressing

percentage estimated at only 52%.

5.2. With-Project Situation

The second option is the with-project situation. With this option, the constraints that hinder the

attainment of the desired production and output levels are lifted. The project will focus on

aspects that hinder the sound operation of cattle value chains by: (i) improving cattle genetics;

(ii) improving the performance of cattle fattening workshops by placing emphasis on feeding;

(iii) improving the conditions of slaughter, processing, conservation and distribution of meat;

(iv) improving inclusive, customized access to financing; (v) providing technical capacity-

building and logistical support to Government services involved in the sector to enable them

carry through their supervisory mission. Furthermore, the spirit of the project is to stimulate

and support private initiative and lend impetus to inclusive development by fostering the

participation of women and youth.

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6. Potential Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures

This section presents the project’s negative and positive impacts on the bio-physical and human

environments. It identifies and summarizes the significant environmental and social impacts

and their importance. Lastly, it briefly describes the proposed mitigation and enhancement

measures to strengthen benefits or prevent, minimize or offset negative impacts.

6.1. Positive Impacts

❖ Job Creation and Income Increase

The recruitment of local manpower will offer the local population the

opportunity to have jobs although these will be mostly temporary. This positive

impact is of average intensity since some one hundred people will be involved.

Its scope is local and its duration short for it will last only as long as the works.

❖ Economic Environment: Development of Economic Activities

Construction and dismantling works will give rise to many income-generating

activities for the local population. The presence of salaried workers will also lead

to the consumption of more local products. This expected indirect positive

impact will be manifested in the project area during all project phases and will

be long-lasting. It is a relatively significant impact. The recommended impact

enhancement measures here consist in raising the population’s awareness about

new opportunities offered by the project to develop other sources of income.

6.1.1. Positive Impacts in the Operational Phase

❖ Economic Environment

• Development of Economic Activities

The presence of salaried workers will have a much-expected positive

impact on the consumption on local products in local communities around

the project area. This absolutely significant and relatively major long-

lasting impact will be seen throughout the operational phase;

• Capacity-building for Sector Stakeholders

The project goals are to increase the carcass dressing percentage and lower

the rates of uncontrolled slaughtering. The improvement of genetic

material will be reflected in better zoo-technical parameters and higher

productivity, and secondarily in higher stockbreeder incomes and more

affordable animal products for consumers. There are also plans to support

initiatives that aim to enhance the value of by-products like skins, horns,

unguis (making of combs and knife-handles) and blood (animal feed), etc.

This direct, positive and high-intensity impact is of long duration, local in

scope and of absolute and relatively major importance.

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❖ Health: Increase in the Supply of Quality Beef

The current conditions under which meat is conserved and transported are likely

to lead to food poisoning. The existence of sanitary services within the future

slaughter-house will help to bring this impact under control. This positive,

average-intensity impact comes with direct interaction. It is regional in scope

and of long-term duration. The result is an impact of absolute and relatively

major importance.

6.2. Negative Impacts

6.2.1. Negative Impacts in the Construction and Dismantling Phase

6.2.1.1. Impacts on the Human and Socio-economic Environment

❖ Social Climate

• Risks of Conflict

Several conflicts can arise during slaughter-house construction and

dismantling works. Sources of conflict during the different project phases

can be due to: road accidents linked to the passage of equipment; lack of

clarity in the recruitment process or the non-involvement of the local

population in the executing contractors’ teams during the construction and

dismantling phases; etc.

• Further Degradation of the Access Road to the Site

The back-and-forth movement of vehicles while transporting materials

during construction works will further degrade the road leading to the

slaughter-house which is already is a sorry state. As road degradation only

exacerbates precariousness, it is a direct negative impact. This impact is of

average duration, local scope and average intensity.

❖ Safety: Increase in Accidents and Insecurity

Activities likely to cause accidents for workers and the population include:

repeated transportation of materials, non-compliance with safety instructions

and irregular wearing of IPE. This impact is negative with direct inter-

relationship. Its intensity is average, its scope local and its duration long-term.

6.2.2. Negative Impacts in the Operational Phase

6.2.2.1. Negative Impact on the Biophysical Environment

❖ Soil Pollution, Contamination of Surface and Groundwater

Slaughter-house operations will lead to the production of multiple wastes and

the discharge of a significant quantity of waste water which can be dangerous

for soil and surface/groundwater preservation. Soil pollution and surface and

groundwater contamination is a negative impact. Since the effects of such

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pollution last a long time, the result will be a medium-to-long-term impact of

major importance.

❖ Project’s Vulnerability to Climate Change

Bonendalé village is crossed by a tributary of River Wouri which is less than one

kilometre downstream the slaughter-house site. The site is not a floodable area,

but it is still close to a tidal area. Aware that climate change contributes to

gradual sea-level rise, higher tides could intensify over the years and affect the

slaughter-house. This impact is of average importance.

6.2.2.2. Impact on the Socio-economic Environment

❖ Social Climate

• Risk of Conflicts

Several conflicts can arise during the operational phase of the slaughter-

house due to the passage of herds of cattle in the village with the attendant

destruction of goods, odours, accidents and laying of culverts. Other

factors include the lack of clarity in the recruitment process and/or the non-

involvement of the local population in contractors’ teams during the

construction and dismantling phases, and accidents linked to heavier

traffic, etc. Given the current context, this impact will probably be long-

term for it can be seen permanently throughout the project life. It is local

in scope and of average intensity given the number of people living around

the site.

• Risk of Degradation of the Access Road to the Site

Road degradation exacerbates precariousness. The back-and-forth

movement of vehicles transporting meat and the movement of cattle will

accelerate the deterioration of the road leading to the slaughter-house

which is already in an advanced state of disrepair. The impact is therefore

direct and negative. It is of average duration, local scope and average

intensity.

❖ Safety: Increase in the risk of accidents

Several activities are likely to cause accidents among workers and the local

population. However, considering the feedback from similar projects, we can

affirm that the intensity of accidents during the slaughter-house operational

phase will be low.

❖ Odour Nuisance

Poor waste management will generate odours that will make the surrounding air

unpleasant. The situation of the current slaughter-house is a serious nuisance to

the population. This negative impact can degrade the living environment. It is

average in intensity, long in duration and local in scope. The fact that it is

permanent lends it an average relative importance.

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6.3. Description of Cumulative Impacts

Cumulative impacts are analyzed in terms of the impact ongoing or future activities in the

project area will have on developed elements of the environment

Douala 4th Sub-division, specifically Bonendalé village which hosts the project, already has a

functional slaughter-house. It is important to point out that other daily activities use the same

infrastructure as the project, especially the road serving the current slaughter-house which is

used by commercial motorbike riders and the rest of the population. Other projects are also

planned therein: the rehabilitation of the Douala-Nkongsamba railway; the construction of a

Nursing and Midwifery School where the school currently in the Douala Laquintinie Hospital

will be relocated; and the project to construct a district hospital to strengthen the capacity of the

Bonassama Hospital, today overwhelmed by the galloping demographics of Douala 4

subdivision.

6.3.1. Cumulative Impacts on Infrastructure

The construction and operational phases will induce development around the project

construction site to satisfy workers’ temporary and/or permanent needs in terms of health,

school, water supply, transport and other infrastructure. The induced effect will be the greater

demands placed on infrastructure that lacks corresponding intake capacity. It will therefore be

necessary to envisage the building of this capacity so as to meet this high induced demand.

For the specific case of the access road, the new project will certainly have an impact on traffic

density which is already significant and a source of accidents. Note that the planned private

project to construct low-cost houses in the area will also increase traffic on this stretch of road.

Given this context, it is imperative to improve and regulate the use of the road in order to ensure

the smooth flow of traffic, reduce the risk of accidents and improve users’ comfort.

6.3.2. Cumulative Impacts on Social and Economic Development

In the short term, the concentration of workers will accelerate local socio-economic

development through commerce and services.

The supplementary works and infrastructure as well as the training and awareness-raising

programmes which the local population will benefit from will help to improve many aspects of

their daily lives. At the regional level, the increased slaughter and conservation capacity will

make Douala the main pole for quality meat production and distribution and, consequently,

generate even higher receipts for State coffers.

6.3.3. Cumulative Impacts at the Human Level

The absence of a waste management system in the current slaughter-house generates odours

that are a major inconvenience for the local population. Although the future slaughter-house

expects to have a modern waste management system, the current facility should be improved

by aligning it to the future project. Besides, depolluting the latter will serve as a good

benchmark to better assess the future project’s outputs.

6.3.4. Cumulative Impacts on Soils, and Surface and Groundwater

The absence of a system for managing the current slaughter-house’s solid and liquid wastes as

was observed is no guarantee for the preservation of the soil, as well as surface and

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groundwater. Although the project plans to have modern infrastructure equipped with a

purification station, this risk is still a major concern. Measures are envisaged in the project’s

ESMP to recycle solid wastes and by-products.

6.4. Mitigation/Enhancement Measures and Complementary Initiatives

6.4.1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Risk of Soil and Surface/Groundwater Pollution: To minimize impacts linked to the spillage

of cow dung, the project envisages putting in place a dung management system.

The main measures to be taken are: the construction and maintenance of a purification station to

receive water used in washing carcasses as planned by the project; the periodic analysis of water

exiting the purification station.

To avoid water stagnating on leaving the purification station, the project will build an

underground canal system for evacuating recycled water to the water body downstream given the

relief of the area.

Risk of encumbrance of the area and landscape deterioration with horns and bones: To

mitigate this impact linked to the storage of horns and bones, the project will procure horn/bone

recycling equipment to produce powder that can be re-used in stockbreeding.

Risk of accidents linked to the movement of cattle herds: To mitigate this impact, the project

will widen the stalling area to be able to contain at least the equivalent of two days of slaughter-

house activities (800 heads).

Contamination of soil and surface water, odour nuisance and risk of water-borne diseases

emanating from the current slaughter-house: To minimize the impact linked to the discharge

of waste-water and dung coming from the current slaughter-house, the project will treat them

using the treatment equipment of the new slaughter-house.

Industrial and professional risk: To minimize the impact linked to industrial and professional

risks related to the future slaughter-house, the project will prepare a Danger Report together with

an Emergency Plan before the commencement of works. This will help to factor in industrial and

professional accidents that may likely occur when the slaughter-house becomes operational.

Risk of social conflicts: To minimize this impact, the main measures to be taken are

transparency in recruitment procedures, preference to local manpower for tasks that match

profiles available locally and raising the awareness of drivers on speed limits and accidents.

Stakeholder capacity-building: To optimize this impact, capacity-building sessions and

campaigns need to be organized on opportunities offered by the project.

6.4.2. Complementary Measures

✓ Improvement of the Social Climate: To enhance this impact linked to the

operation of the new slaughter-house, the main measures proposed include:

constructing some ten boreholes to offset the low drinking water supply in the

village; constructing a community hut in Bonendalé village; strengthening the

technical support unit of Bonendale Medical Centre and securing it with a fence;

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securing Presbyterian Secondary School (PSS) by a fence and equipping it with

a water point; offering training programmes to the local youth.

✓ Improvement of the access road to the site: This road section should be paved

and periodically maintained.

7. Environmental Risk Management

The absence of equipment and facilities like furnaces, hydrocarbon tanks, power plant etc under

this project will significantly reduce potential risks of technology-related accidents. Besides, it

was recommended that a danger study be prepared along with an emergency plan before the

commencement of works. This study will identify all forms of potential occupational

technological accidents so as to propose suitable management measures.

8. Surveillance and Monitoring Programme

8.1. Environmental Surveillance Programme

In general, environmental surveillance seeks to ensure that the recommended environmental

measures in the ESIA and its matching ESMP are properly implemented.

8.1.1. Environmental Surveillance Stakeholders

✓ PD-CVEP Environmentalist, HHS service provider tasked with the construction

of the slaughter-house and Environmentalist of the slaughter-house operator:

They are the main stakeholders of environmental surveillance and hence of

environmental compliance.

✓ Local Population: The local population’s participation in ESMP implementation

is important and their support for the project should be maintained.

8.1.2. Elements Requiring Environmental Surveillance

The elements involved in environmental surveillance during project implementation include:

(i) In Construction and Dismantling phase:

- Equipment and vehicle pool used during works (state, emission level);

- staff (wearing protective gear);

- watercourse and borehole (pollution);

- safety and emergency arrangement (existence, state, functioning,

accessibility);

- wastes from development and construction works, etc.

- percentage of local youth in staff mobilized in the different project phases;

(ii) In Operational Phase

- treatment station;

16

- road traffic;

- staff;

- watercourse and borehole (pollution);

- wastes and waste water;

- safety and emergency measures (existence, state, functioning,

accessibility) ;

8.2. Environmental Monitoring Programme

Environmental monitoring serves to measure the real impacts of project outputs and assess the

performance of proposed environmental measures. Therefore, it involves an ongoing or

periodic review and observation of the project. Environmental monitoring aims particularly to:

(i) verify projected impacts and the effectiveness of measures implemented ; and (ii) ensure the

optimization of positive spin-offs.

8.2.1. Monitoring Actors and their Role

Monitoring will be conducted jointly by MINEPDED and the technical ministries concerned

pursuant to Decree No. 2013/0171/PM of 14 February 2013 laying down conditions for the

conduct of environmental impact assessment. This mainly involves the following Government

departments:

- the Ministry of the Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable

Development MINEPDED) which will monitor the implementation of measures

contained in the ESMP;

- the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) which

will be responsible for the evaluation of actions carried out by different actors of

ESMP implementation;

- the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources (MINEE) will assess the actions

carried out by different actors of ESMP implementation concerning the water

component;

- the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Technological Development (MINIMIDT)

will assess actions carried out by the different actors of ESMP implementation

concerning the Work Safety component;

- the Ministry of Social Affairs will assess the actions carried out by different

actors of ESMP implementation concerning the socio-economic component.

8.2.2. Elements requiring Environmental Monitoring

Tables 1 and 2 detail elements that will be subject to environmental monitoring in the

construction, operation and dismantling phase.

17

Table 1

Environmental and Social Monitoring in the Construction and Dismantling Phase

Components Indicators

Soil, surface and groundwater -Existence of rubbish bins

-Existence of a traceability manifest on the removal of special wastes

Air

-Compliance with the wearing of IPE;

-Existence of speed limit signs;

-Existence of tarpaulins to cover tipper trucks

Health and safety Reports of STI/AIDS awareness campaigns

Accidents on the works site (number registered)

Quality of life

-Complaints of the population about noise;

-Sensitization of drivers on compliance with instructions on the use

of the vehicle horn

Economic and social aspects Recruitment notice (before commencement of works)

Number of jobs created and filled by local people

In Operation Phase: Several environmental and social components will need to be monitored

periodically. Their monitoring indicators are summarized in the following table:

Table 2

Environmental and Social Monitoring in the Operational Phase

Components Indicators

Soil, surface and

groundwater

Waste water analysis bulletin

Purification station maintenance report

Presence of rubbish bins

Waste management report (traceability manifesto)

Industrial waste management plan

Health and safety

Pressure appliance test certificates (fire extinguishers)

Accident report

STI/AIDS awareness campaign reports

Report on drills on the implementation of the emergency plan

Medical follow-up of employees

Economic and social

aspects

Proportion of local population in the company staff

Report of consultative meetings between the slaughter-house and chiefdoms

Report of cattle dung management activities

Report of blood development activities

Report of capacity-building sessions for staff and other stakeholders

9. Public Consultations and Information Dissemination

9.1. National and AfDB Requirements

Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996, the Framework Law on environmental management, laid

down the general legal framework for managing the environment and ESIAs in Cameroon.

Pursuant to Article 20(1) of its implementing decree, the ESIA must be conducted with the

participation of the populations concerned through public consultations in order to collect their

18

views on the project as well as proposals of mitigation and optimization measures for

beneficiaries.

The AfDB’s 2013 ISS requires the Borrower or client to organize transparent consultations with

communities affected by the project, particularly with vulnerable groups, to enable their free,

preliminary and informed participation in decisions on the prevention or management of

environmental and social impacts.

Consultations held as part of this project are in compliance with this provision.

The purpose was to collect the points of view and concerns of project stakeholders. This phase

comprised two main activities: individual interviews with institutional actors and the holding

of two meetings on the site with the local population, active population, leaders of thought and

actors of the beef sector.

9.2. Summary of Stakeholders’ Concerns

Below is the summary of the points of view of the local population and stakeholders and

proposed measures:

Concerns Formulated Measures Proposed in the ESMP

Increase of fatal accidents on the access road to

the site with the commissioning of the future

slaughter-house

- Limit speeds at 30 km/h when crossing the village

- Organize the movement of herds of cattle so that

this can be done at night (as from 8:00 p.m.);

Increase in soil and surface water pollution and

increase in odour nuisance.

- Construct and periodically maintain the

purification station;

Risk of failure to consider the environmental

problems of the current slaughter-house in the

future slaughter-house.

- Treat the waste water of the current slaughter-

house by the treatment station of the future facility

Risk of non-involvement of chiefdoms in all

phases of the project.

- Involve chiefdoms in the different project phases;

Issue of employment and the risk that the village

youth are not granted priority in recruitment

during the project

- Design transparent recruitment policies and

procedures and publish employment opportunities at

very frequented places (chiefdoms, markets,

churches etc.);

- solicit local manpower and sub-contractors for the

supply of various services;

Risk of compliance with contractual

specifications resulting in the low involvement of

the population in this important project.

- Include in the contractor’s contract the ESMP

measures and those of SODEPA responsible for

managing the slaughter-house during its operational

phase;

Degradation of the access road leading to the site

as the project starts.

- Pave this road section and periodically maintain it.

Risk that the village youth do not benefit from

capacity-building as planned.

Sponsor youth initiatives aimed at enhancing the value

of slaughter-house wastes and by-products.

Other expectations

- Construct boreholes in the villages;

- Secure Bonendalé Medical Centre and Presbyterian

Secondary School (PSS) and equip them with water

points; and

- Construct a community hut in Bonendalé village.

9.2.1. Complementary Initiatives

This section presents, in the table below, the proposed complementary initiatives for mitigation

and enhancement measures described earlier

19

Table : Proposed Complementary Initiatives

Environmental Measures and

Activities Envisaged

Objective of

Measure

Implementatio

n and Internal

Monitoring

Actor(s)

Impementa

tion Period

External

Monitoring

Actor(s)

- Construct ten boreholes to address

the problem of low drinking water

supply in the village.

Foster the local

population’s

acceptance of the

project

- Service

Provider

- Unit

Operator’s

Environme

ntalist

First three

years of the

project life

cycle

- Sub-

Directorate

of ESMP

Divisional

ESMP

Monitoring

Committee

- Construct a community hut in

Bonendalé village.

- Strengthen the technical support

unit of Bonendale Medical Centre

and secure it with a fence.

- Build a fence round Presbyterian

Secondary School and equip the

school with a water point.

- Offer training to the youth of the

locality.

Facilitate their

integration in the

project

Slaughter-

house operator

(SODEPA)

Operational

phase

- Sub-

Directorate

of ESMP

- ESMP

Monitoring

Committee

- Pave and periodically maintain this

road section.

Facilitate access and

reduce the

degradation of the

access road to the site

Service

provider

During

construction

works

- Sub-

Directorate

of ESMP

- ESMP

Monitoring

Committee

- Step up Gendarmerie patrols. Reduce banditry and

delinquency

Gendarmerie of

Bonendale

Constructio

n and

operational

phase

- Sub-

Directorate

of ESMP

- ESMP

Monitoring

Committee

20

10. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

10.1. Details of ESMP Measures and Responsibilities

Impacts Environmental Measures and Envisaged Activities Implementation and Internal

Monitoring Actor(s)

External Monitoring

Actor(s)

Soil and surface water

pollution

Put in place a cow dung management arrangement PD-CVEP Environmentalist - Sub-Directorate of

ESMP

- Divisional ESMP

Monitoring Committee

Water stagnation Construct an underground canal system to evacuate

treated water right to the watercourse downstream

PD-CVEP Environmentalist - Sub-Directorate of

ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Encumbrance of the area

and landscape

deterioration

Procure horn/bone recycling equipment to produce

powder that can be re-used in stockbreeding


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Risk of accidents linked to

the movement of herds

- Increase the capacity of the cattle stalling area to

accommodate at least the equivalent of two days of

slaughter-house activities (800 heads)


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP



contamination

–Odour nuisance;

- Risk of spread of

water-borne diseases

- Provide for the treatment of wastes (solid and

liquid) produced by the current slaughter-house

through the waste treatment system of the new

slaughter-house

PD-CVEP Environment Officer

- Architectural firm

- Sub-Directorate of

ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Industrial and

occupational risk

Conduct a Dangers Study along with an Emergency

Plan

Consultant - Sub-Directorate of ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Measures to be Implemented during the Construction Phase

Atmospheric pollution - Carry out regular and systematic inspection and

verification of all filtering devices of vehicles used;

- Undertake the technical inspection of equipment

and vehicles used, pursuant to the regulations in

force;

- Cover tipper trucks transporting rubble and sand

with tarpaulins;

- Provider’s HHE Officer

- PD-CVEP

Environmentalist

- Code inspector

- Sub-Directorate of ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


21

- Provide workers with appropriate individual

protection equipment (IPE);

- Place speed limit signs

Noise - Sensitize drivers to comply with instructions on the

use of their vehicle horn when crossing the locality

both by day and by night

- Contractor’s HHE Officer

- PD-

CVEP Environmentalist;

- Code inspector


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


-Soil and

surface/groundwater

pollution

- Sensitize workers to avoid and properly handle

spills;

- Ensure that waste collection containers are in place

and labelled by category;

- Place at the population’s disposal inert waste like

offcuts;

- Place special wastes at the disposal of authorized

providers; and

- Forbid the washing of vehicles and equipment by

the side of watercourses.

Contractor’s HHE Officer

- PD-CVEP

Environmentalist

- Code inspector


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Damage to the landscape

and vegetation

- Train and sensitize workers on hygiene and

sanitation.

- Lay out green spaces

- Provider’s HHE Officer,

PD-CVEP Environmentalist and

Code inspector


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Creation of jobs locally

and risk of social conflicts

- Recruit local manpower at equal competence;

- Make the recruitment policy transparent;

- Inform the population of employment

opportunities that are open to them and post the

same information at very frequented locations

(chiefdoms, markets and churches)

- Provider’s HHE officer

- PD-CVEP

Environmentalist

- Code inspector


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Risk of the spread of

respiratory diseases

- Install a safety fence round the site to mitigate the

effects of spreading dust and exhaust gases, etc;

- Limit the speed of traffic at 30 km/h;

- Cover tipper trucks with tarpaulin when

transporting aggregates.


- PD-CVEP

Environmentalist

- Code inspector


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Risk of accidents and

insecurity.

- Include security clauses in sub-contractors’

contracts;

- Ensure that IPEs are worn at the works site;

- Ensure the existence of a first-aid box;

- Install signs during the construction phase of the

slaughter-house; and

- Forbid access to strangers during working hours.


- PD-CVEP

Environmentalist

- Code inspector


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


22

Risk of rising prevalence

of STI/HIV/AIDS.

- Organize public HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns;

- Distribute condoms to workers and encourage

voluntary screening.

- Bonendalé Medical Centre - Sub-Directorate of

ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Measures to be put in place during Operational Phase


contamination

-Odour nuisance

-Risk of spread of water-

borne diseases

- Ensure the maintenance of the blood treatment

facility and purification station to receive water

used in washing carcasses as planned by the

project; and

- Undertake the periodic analysis of water exiting the

purification station

- Service provider - Sub-Directorate of

ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Social climate - Inform and involve traditional authorities in the

entire recruitment process;

- Create a consultation framework between the

slaughter-house management and the local

population.

- Slaughter-house operator

(SODEPA)


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Economic development - Sensitize the population on contract opportunities

that are open to them


(SODEPA)


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Congestion of the area and

landscape deterioration

after slaughter

- Strengthen the capacity of the sector actors

concerned on recycling techniques and the value of

cow horns and hoofs


(SODEPA)


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Health and safety within

the slaughter-house

- Provide workers in risky sections with IPE;

- Organize staff awareness campaigns on safety

attitudes;

- Have first-aid kits;

- Implement the prospective danger study

recommendations;

- Ensure medical follow-up of exposed workers.


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Increase in the supply of

quality meat

- Ensure the maintenance of refrigerating

equipment;

- Perform ongoing health inspection of animals upon

their arrival;

- Ensure the compulsory passage of slaughter

products in the quality control laboratory planned

by the slaughter-house.


(SODEPA);

- Veterinary doctor;

- Slaughter-house operator’s

(SODEPA’s)

environmentalist;


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


23

Safety of the population - Organize herds movements so that they take place

at night (as from 8:00 p.m.);

- Sensitize herdsmen on the respect of persons and

their property.


(SODEPA);


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Risk of noise pollution - Sensitize drivers on compliance with instructions

related to the use of the horn when crossing the

locality by day and by night;

- Turn off parked equipment and vehicles on the site


(SODEPA’s)

environmentalist;


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Complementary Measures

Further degradation of the

access road to the site

- Pave and periodically maintain this stretch of raod Provider - Sub-Directorate of

ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


Social climate - Construct some ten boreholes to address the low

drinking water supply in the village;

- Construct a community hut in Bonendalé village;

- Strengthen the technical support unit of the

Bonendale Medical Centre and secure it by a fence;

- Offer training programmes to the youth of the

locality

- Provider


environmentalist


ESMP

- Divisional ESMP


24

10.2. ESMP Implementation Schedule

The environmental and social management measures will be implemented according to the

following schedule:

10.3. ESMP IMPLEMENTATION COST

The costs of implementing the environmental and social measures recommended under this

project are summarized in the following table:

Description Total Cost in CFAF

1. ESMP Implementation

Establishment of a cattle dung management system 500,000,000

System for channeling treated water 3,000,000

Procurement of horn/bone recycling equipment to produce powder that can

be re-used in stockbreeding

20,000,000

Conduct of a Dangers Study accompanied by an Emergency Plan 7,000,000

➢ Sensitize the local population and slaughter-house staff on STI/HIV/

AIDS prevention

➢ Distribute condoms to workers and encourage voluntary screening

550,000

2. Complementary Measures:

➢ Construct 10 drinking water boreholes in the village;

➢ Construct a community hut in Bonendalé village;

➢ Construct a fence and water point at Presbyterian

Secondary School

50,000,000

7,500,00

8,000,000

3. Capacity-building 7,000,000

4. Environmental monitoring 500,000

TOTAL 603,550,000

25

11. Stakeholder Capacity-Building

The capacity-building aims to: (i) ensure the proper implementation of ESMP measures by the

stakeholders concerned, especially supervisory structures (Executing agency) and slaughter-

house workers; and (ii) help in the sound surveillance and better monitoring of ESMP. The

following table provides the key components and related costs:

Capacity-Building Plan and Related Costs

Targets Aspects of Capacity-building Number of

Sessions/Yr

Unit Cost

CFAF

Total Cost

CFAF

Slaughter-house

workers

Health and safety 2 500,000 1,000,000

Maintenance of equipment 2 1,000,000 2,000,000

Slaughter-house

environmentalist ESMP monitoring 1 500,000 500,000

Sector actors

(crafts)

Recycling techniques and value

enhancement of cattle horns and

hoofs

4 500,000 2,000,000

Sector actors

Upgrading of by-products (dung,

blood, horns and bones) in

agriculture

4 500,000 2,000,000

Total 7,500,000

12. Conclusion

The Project to Construct a Modern Slaughter-house in Bonendale, Douala, is acceptable from

an environmental and social point of view. After the ESIA, it appears that its positive impacts

outweigh the negative ones. The negative impacts identified will be strongly mitigated by the

above-mentioned ESMP measures.

13. Reference and Contacts

Reference:

This summary was prepared based on the following documents:

• Summary Report of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)

for PD-CVEP Component 2: Construction of a Modern Cattle Slaughter-house

(400 heads/day) in Douala, specifically at Bonendalé in the Douala 4

Subdivision.

Contacts:

- B. BOULANOUAR, Livestock Specialist; AHI1

Email : [email protected]

- A. NYAGA, Rural Development Specialist; RDGC2

E-mail : [email protected];

L. GARBA, Environmentalist, AHI2.

[email protected]

- P. HORUGAVYE; Chief Socio-Economist, RDGC4.

Email : [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




Documents

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP CAMEROON: LIVESTOCK … · After the adoption of the National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP) in March 1996, Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996: Model