Ade Rahmadiyana

AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESSES OF INAUGURATION

SPEECHES OF TWO PRIME MINISTERS OF AUSTRALIA JOHN

HOWARD AND JULIA GILLARD

A THESIS

BY:

ADE RAHMADIANA

REG. STUDENT NO: 070705020

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2011

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT who has given me all of the

blessing, mercy, talent and time, so that I can finish my thesis entitled “An Analysis

of Transitivity Process of Inauguration Speeches of Two Prime Ministers of Australia

: John Howard and Julia Gillard”.

I would like to thank to the dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syahron Lubis,

M.A. also to Drs. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. and Dra. Nurlela, M. Hum as the head

and secretary of English Department, and to Bang Am for all of opportunities and

facilities that given to me and for all their attentions in all academic affairs.

I would like to express my best and sincere thanks to my supervisor, Prof. Hj.

T. Silvana Sinar, MA, Ph.D and my co-supervisor Dr. Drs. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP

for having shared their valuable ideas, times, guidance and patience.

My gratitude is also expressed to all of my lecturers in English Department

who taught me much and contributed the knowledge during the academic years.

My lovely thanks are due to my beloved family, Drs. Mawardy Rasyid, (Alm)

Siti Sabrina, Siti Omas Harahap and my beloved grandmother Hj. Juliana. All of my

brothers and sisters for giving me the good times (and hard times too) so I can stand

here as myself today. Special thanks and welcome to the new member of this family,

the in – laws, niece and nephew, bang Hendra, kak Lia, bang Faiz, bang Andi, kak

Neni, bang Heri, kak Siti, bang Duar, bang Kadir, Winda, Fizah, Evi, Santi, Jasmine

and Dzulhanan.

Big thanks to those friends who have been giving me the joy, laughter and

many other things, Vika, Tina, Fe, Suci, Hadi, Reza, Izal, Bayu, Yudha, Ade 09, Ai,

Dinda, Yugo, miss Lili, kak Indah, kak Rizki, kak Deka, Yusuf, Ibel, Edo, kak Rara,

kak Fani. Last, my special thanks to bang Ade, bang Dedi and bang Deman. Let’s

keep on ‘menyampah’ and remember all those black, white and grey memories of

Kansas and OEP.

Thanks for the support and friendship from my alumni and senior, and Junior.

Last but not least, for all of my friends and people who know me. I am truly

sorry because I cannot write your names but I hope you always know that all of you

are matter to me. Thank you very much.

Medan, April 2011

Writer,

Ade Rahmadiana

070705020

2

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, ADE RAHMADIANA, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except

where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no material

published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have

qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work had been used without due acknowledgement in the main text

of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date : 14th May, 2011

3

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : ADE RAHMADIANA

Thesis title : An Analysis of Transitivity Process of Inauguration Speeches of Two

Prime Ministers of Australia : John Howard and Julia Gillard”.

Qualification : S1/Sarjana Sastra

Department : English

I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of

the librarian of English Department, Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatra Utara,

on the understanding that the users are made aware of their obligations under law of

the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date : 14th May 2011

4

ABSTRACT

Skripsi yang berjudul “An Analysis of transitivity processes of inauguration speeches of two prime ministers of Australia John Howard and Julia Gillard’, membahas tentang analisis proses transitivitas yang terdapat dalam pidato pelantikan dua perdana menteri Australia, yaitu John Howard and Julia gillard.

Teori yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah teori Systemic Functional Linguistic oleh M.A.K Halliday (Oxford University Press, 2004). Dalam teori ini, Halliday membagi proses transitivitas menjadi 6 bagian, yaitu proses material, proses mental, proses verbal, proses relasi, proses eksistensi dan proses tingkah laku.

Data yang dikumpulkan adalah proses dalam teks pidato pelantikan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori transitivitas dengan menentukan jenis proses dalam teks tersebut. Untuk menganalisis data dibutuhkan metode dokumentasi dan pengelompokkan data secara keseluruhan.

Dari hasil analisis ditemukan total 429 klausa yang terdiri atas Relational Process 42, 6 %, Material Process 35, 7 %, Mental Process 13, 6 %, Verbal Process 9, 6 %, Behavioral Process 2, 9 %, and Existential Process 1, 7%

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………… i

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION.............................................................. iii

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………... iv

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………… vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Analysis……………………… 1

1.2 Problem of the Analysis………………………....... 4

1.3 Objectives of the Analysis………………………… 5

1.4 Scope of the Analysis…………………………….... 5

1.5 Significances of the Analysis…………………....... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Theoretical Framework …………………………… 6

2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis………. 6

2.1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistic……………. 7

2.1.3 Metafunctions of Language……………….. 8

2.1.3.1 The ideational Function………….. 8

2.1.3.2 The Interpersonal Function………. 9

2.1.3.3 The Textual Function……………. 9

2.2 Transitivity Processes..,……………………………. 10

2.2.1 Material Processes…………………………. 12

6

2.2.2 Mental Processes…………………………... 13

2.2.3 Behavioral Process…………………………. 13

2.2.4 Relational Process………………………….. 14

2.2.5 Verbal Processes…………………………… 14

2.2. 6 Existential Processes………………………. 16

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Method…………………………………... 17

3.2 Data Collecting Method……………………………. 17

3.3 Data Analysis Procedure…………………………... 18

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY PROCESSES IN

INAUGURAL SPEECHES OF TWO AUSTRALIA PRIME

MINISTERS AND FINDINGS

4.1 The Analysis of Data……………………………… 21

4.1.1 Transitivity of Inaugural Speech of John

Howard…………………………………… 21

4.1.1.1 Relational Process………………………… 21

4.1.1.2 Material Process………………………….. 31

4.1.1.3 Verbal Process …………………………... 38

4.1.1.4 Mental Process…………………………... 43

4.1.1.5 Existential Process ……………………… 45

4.1.1.6 Behavioral Process………………………. 46

4.1.1.7 Summary ………………………………... 47

7

4.1. 2 Transitivity of Inaugural Speech of Julia Gillard... 48

4.1.2.1 Relational Process………………………... 48

4.1.2.2 Material Process………………………… 65

4.1.2.3 Verbal Process………………………….. 79

4.1.2.4 Mental Process…………………………. 81

4.1.2.5 Existential Process……………………… 86

4.1.2.6 Behavioral Process……………………… 87

4.1.2.7 Summary ……………………………….. 91

4.2 Findings……………………………………………. 93

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………..... 95

5.2 Suggestions……………………………..................... 95

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………… 97

APPENDICES ………………………………………………………….. 99

Appendix 1: The Inauguration Speech of John Howard………………… 101

Appendix 2: The Inauguration Speech of Julia Gillard………………… 105

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Analysis

Language is one of tools of communication that human needs to share what

they are thinking about. Language has so many kinds in order that we can share

something to other people by various ways. Language has many functions in

communication, for instance, we can integrate or separate a country by language.

There are so many ways to convey what our thinking is, for example by speaking and

writing. In this thesis, the writer will analyze the language of two leaders in the form

of speeches that were used for communication to their society specifically, these are

the president inaugural speeches delivered by two prime ministers of Australia, i.e.

Julia Gillard and John Howard. The writer uses president inaugural speeches for her

analysis because she can know their real vision and mission of Julia Gillard and John

Howard using language in their president inaugural speeches, what are the presidents

feeling and action and how they convey their ideas in those speeches?

It is fact that a leader needs to communicate through his order speech process

because a leader needs to share what she or he is thinking through his communication

to his society by doing communication. A leader will put political strategies and

forward they practiced to his society.

Language consists of three levels or strata, namely Phonology,

Lexicogrammatical, and Discourse / Semantic. Halliday (1978:40) says,”…. Any text

represents an actualization (a path through the system) at each level: the level of

meaning, the level of saying (or wording, to use the folk of linguistic term for the

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lexicogrammatical system, and of course the level of sounding or writing. In this

thesis, the writer uses transitivity theory to analyze the speeches of Julia Gillard and

John Howard prime ministers.

The writer thinks she can explore processes that relate to the transitivity

process due to Halliday Functional System. The writer thinks that transitivity theory

is the most suitable theory to analyze text of written speeches due to the transitivity

system.

The transitivity system provides some types of process with own

characteristics and function. The transitivity is divided into three point, they are

Participants, processes, and circumstances. Participant is the doer that does an action

in a clause. This participant will be named by own name in each of types process of

transitivity, For example killing is a kind of material process and the participant or the

doer will have different name with hearing as the mental process. Then, processes are

actions that done by the doer or the participants based on their types, and in those two

president inaugural speeches, it portrays those aspects of transitivity found in

processes in those two speeches, like wise Enggins (2004:210) says that, “Transitivity

construes the world of experience into a manageable set of process types.” By

transitivity we can analyze the types of processes, what type of processes are mostly

used in the text. Next, circumstances is the background of process that done by the

participants. On the other words, circumstances can be location, time, manner, etc in

which the participant does some actions. Halliday (1994:151) quoted in Thompson’s

book (1996:105) proposes nine main types of circumstantial elements. They are

location, extent, manner, cause, Contingency, accompaniment, role, matter, angle.

10

In this thesis, the writer explores these six types of transitivity found in the

two president inaugural speeches, e.g. material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal,

and existential processes.

As said previously in this thesis, the writer discusses about president inaugural

speeches of two Prime Ministers Australia, i.e. Julia Gillard, and John Howard. These

two speeches are interested to be analyzed because the writer can find the most

dominant type of processes used by president, especially two presidents of Australia,

Julia Gillard and John Howard. Then, we can make conclusion what type is

commonly used by prime ministers of Australia in president inaugural speeches. This

chapter needs to describe about the country of origin of those two prime ministers.

That is Australia.

Australia is a country that has more 21 one million people. Indigenous people

and foreign people come from more than 200 hundreds countries. The capital of

Australia is Canberra. Australia has 6 states and 2 territories; they are New South

Wales, Queesland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Nothern

Territory, and Australian Capital Territory. Australia uses parliamentary system in its

governance. Australia forms constitutional monarchy. Australia has queen that

relating to England is Elizabeth Queen II. Then, Australia has three big political

parties. They are labor, liberal, and national. Julia Gillard, Prime minister of Australia

now, come labor political party.

John Howard was born on 26th July 1939. He is the 25th prime minister of

Australia. John Howard is known as the second longest Australia prime minister after

Sir Robert Menzies. He became prime minister of Australia from 11 th March 1996 to

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3rd December 2007. He was from liberal party and changed Paul Keating in1996. He

has a wife, Janneta Howard and has three children. They are Melanie, Tim, and

Richard. Besides prime minister and leader of his family, he likes doing sport, cricket

and Rugby.

Julia Gillard was born on 29th September, 1961. She is the 27th prime minister

of Australia and also the first woman who became prime minister in Australia. Julia

Gillard is from labor party and change Kevin Rudd as the leader and prime minister.

Julia Gillard won the general election in July 2010. In her vision as prime minister of

Australia, she concentrates her vision in health, education, immigration and weather

changes. We know that Julia Gillard disagree with Gay Marriage that many people do

this nowadays. She argues that marriage is only by a man and a woman.

1.2 Problems of Analysis

The problems of this analysis are:

1. How many transitivity processes that are found in the two president

inaugural speeches of Prime Minister of Australia?

2. What is the most dominant type of process that used in their inaugural

speeches?

3. Why it is one more dominant than the other?

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1.3 Objective of the Analysis

The objectives of the analysis are to:

1. Find out transitivity processes in the two inaugural speeches of Australia

Prime Minister.

2. Find out the most dominant process that used in the two inaugural

speeches of Australia Prime Minister.

3. Find out the reason why it is more dominant than the other.

1.4 Scope of the Analysis

This analysis focuses on transitivity processes found in president inaugural

speeches of two Prime Ministers of Australia. They are Julia Gillard and John

Howard.

1.5 Significances of Analysis

In analyzing transitivity processes, there are some significances, they are:

1. The readers can understand how many transitivity processes that used in the

two president inaugural speeches of Australia prime minister.

2. To enrich the study of transitivity verbs.

3. Theoretically it gives information about transitivity processes in a text and

how the texts work as they do.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Theoretical Framework

2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis

Discourse Analysis is a study about text. Text which is discussed is not only

in writing but also in speaking language. Halliday and Hasan (1976:1),quoted in

Enggins’s book, states “The word TEXT is used in linguistics to refer to any passage,

spoken and written, of whatever, that does form a unified whole”. From the

quotation, we know that discourse analyzes both written and spoken text. Written

texts can be found in the articles, letters, stories, instruction, comics, notice, caution,

etc, while spoken texts can be found in the speech, interview, conversation,

interruption, etc. in this thesis, the writer analyze spoken text becoming object of the

analysis. Speech is one of spoken text that used to do communication and to share

what someone thinks at that time by pronouncing in the front of audiences.

Basically, many scholars had differed texts into two parts, they are written

language called by text while spoken language called by discourse. Otherwise

Halliday and Hasan stated that text included both spoken and written language. In this

thesis, the writer agrees to Halliday and Hasan’s statement because all of things can

be called by text, if they have cohesion and coherence and has message to the others.

Enggins (2004:33) states, “The cohesive resource of reference refers to how

the writer or speaker introduces participants and then keeps track of them once they

are in the text. Participants are the people, places and things that get talked about in

the text”.

14

All of the texts, not only written text but also the spoken one, need cohesion,

cohesive and coherence to be called by text. Next, Enggins (2004:42) states “The

cohesive resource of lexical relation refers to how the writer/speaker uses lexical

items (nouns, verbs, adjective, adverbs) and even to sequences (chains of clauses and

sentences) to relate the text consistently to its area o focus or its field”.

The writer knows that text has to be coherence and cohesive in its structure.

Cohesive and coherence is not only found in the written text but also in the spoken

text. Content of Spoken text should relate each other. In this thesis, the writer agrees

to Halliday and Hasan statement.

2.1.2. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)

In daily life, we use language to many functions, chat to other people, read the

newspaper, speech in the front of audience, tell the story, do interview, make an

appointment. To do those activities, we need language and should know its context of

language that used at that time. And the language that we are used to doing those

activities relates to texts, both written text and spoken text in order that the writer will

analyze it by SFL.

Systemic Functional Linguistics is one of theories about language relating to

language and its context. The Idea of context firstly is founded by Malinowski

continued by Firth and developed by Firth’s students called by Neo-Firthian. One of

his students is M.A.K Halliday. Systemic functional linguistics was developed by

M.A.K Halliday, a professor of linguistics from Sydney University, Australia. In this

theory, the texts are analyzed based on language and its context.

15

SFL works on language and its context. ‘S’ for Systemic implies systemic

relations and their probabilities in systemic networks. The probabilities are started

from general to specific features. Next, it is also implies that the systems of meaning

involved interrelation relating to investigating phenomena. The “F” for Functional

implies that it is concerned with the functional realizations of the systems in

structures.

Enggins (2004:2) says, “Halliday’s interest has always been with the

meanings of language in use in the textual processes of social life”. Based on this

quotation, the writer agrees that all processes of social life as part of language have

meanings. It is the most suitable theory that the writer apply to analyze this thesis.

The writer thinks that SFL theory is the most suitable to analyze spoken text

in this thesis. They are inauguration speeches by Julia Gillard and John Howard as

Prime Ministers of Australia.

2.1.3 Metafunction of Language

Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) describes that language is functional

or called by Metafunction. Metafunction of language means that it is not about

functions of language but it is about fundamental concepts of someone in using

language. There are three functional of Metafunction in languages, they are The

Ideational Function, The Interpersonal Function and The Textual Function.

2.1.3.1 The Ideational Function

The ideational function relates to experiences of someone relating to process

that happened at that time. It is realized in some points, they are participants, process,

and circumstance. The ideational function has two meanings, they are experiential

16

meaning and logical meaning. Halliday and Matthiessen (2004) quoted in Enggins’s

book states that the ideational strand of meaning in fact involves two components :

that of experiential meaning in the clause and that of the logical meaning between

clauses in clause complexes.

Experiential meaning relates to what has happened between oneself to the

external world. The clause represents both actions relating to inside of oneself as

experience and outside world of someone. In this function, they have some points to

represent their experiences, they are participant, process, and circumstance. The

process that has been happened is called by transitivity process. They are material,

mental, relational, verbal, existential and behavioral process.

Besides experiential meaning, logical meaning relates to ideational function.

The clauses should be related each other and can take conclusion logically based on

the clauses described in the text, not only written text but also spoken text.

2.1.3.2 The Interpersonal Function

The interpersonal function relates to interpretation and interaction done by the

doers. The clauses describe relation between the speaker and the listener in the

spoken text or the writer and the listener in the written text. Halliday (1984, Halliday

and Matthiessen 2004:106-111) quoted in Enggins’s book state that approaches the

grammar of interaction from a semantic perspective. He points out that whenever we

use language to interact, one of the things we are doing with it is establishing a

relationship between the person speaking now and the person who will probably

speak next. Enggins (2004:144)

17

From this quotation, the writer concludes that relationship between speaker

and listener or writer and reader should establish called by interaction each other.

2.1.3.3 The Textual Function

The textual function relates to the interpretation of someone taken by clauses

as message. In this textual function, we can catch meaning the message and

coherence between a clause to other clauses and relate them by activity and language.

In this function, the components of textual function are theme and rheme. The

message or meaning in the clause called by theme and rest is called by rheme.

Enggins (2004:212) says, “By looking at what the speaker puts first in the clause, we

can capture the encoding of textual meaning”. And “with theme used to refer to the

point of departure (‘what I’m talking about) and Rheme to label the point of arrival

(‘what I’m telling you about it)”.

In this thesis, the writer will limit the analysis is only about the Ideational

Function relating to experiential meaning that representing experiences based on

participant, process and circumstances. In this thesis, the writer will concentrate to

Transitivity processes found in Inauguration speech of two selected prime minister.

They are Julia Gillard and John Howard.

2.1.4 Transitivity Process

Transitivity system belongs to experiential metafunctions. When someone

speaks by clauses consisting words, the meaning of the words has been in someone’s

mind. This meaning relates to the content or the idea of the words. Processes found is

representation of processes relating to transitivity systems. Transitivity provides some

types of process with own characteristics and functions.

18

The transitivity is divided into three point, they are Participants, processes,

and circumstances. Participant is the doer that does an action in a clause. This

participant will be named by own name in each of types process of transitivity, For

example killing is a kind of material process and the participant or the doer will have

different name with hearing as the mental process. Then, processes are actions that

done by the doer or the participants based on their types. Enggins (2004:210) says

that, “Transitivity construes the world of experience into a manageable set of process

types.” By transitivity we can analyze the types of processes, what type of processes

are mostly used in the text. Halliday (2004:169) says, “The clause construes a

relationship of signification between a word and its meaning”. Next, circumstances is

the background of process that done by the participants. On the other words,

circumstances can be location, time, manner, etc in which the participant does some

actions. Halliday (1994:151) proposes nine main types of circumstantial elements.

They are location, extent, manner, cause, Contingency, accompaniment, role, matter,

angle.

In this thesis, the writer only analyzes the types of processes. They are

material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal, existential processes. In this thesis, the

writer only focuses on types of transitivity processes found in those selected

inauguration speech. Halliday (2004:173) says, “The semiotic space shown in below

can be interpreted systematically as a system network. Like all system networks, this

network construes a continuous semiotic space”.

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Figure: 5.3 TRANSITIVITY represented as system networks (Source:

Halliday, 2004: 173)

Process

Type

2.2.1 Material Processes

Enggins (2004:215) says, “Material processes are processes about doing,

about action. Actions involve actors, or participants. Participants realized by nominal

groups.” This quotation stated that material processes has characteristic is doing a real

action or movement and this type relates to physical action, and in this process we

can see real action of doing this process, for instance walking, bringing, kicking,

touching, etc. in this material process, the first participants will be called by the actor

and the second or more participant will be named by the goal. In the inaugural

speech, we can see the examples,

20

Identifying

+ Token:

+ Sanser:

+

BehaviouralMajor

Material

Actor

Behaver ; Conscious

Mental

+ Sanser:

Sanser : Conscious

Verbal + Sayer

Relational

Attribute

+ Attribut:

+ Value:Existential

+ Existent

Many women follow us into the parliament

Many women Follow us into the parliamentActor Pr : Material Goal Circ loc: place

2.2.2 Mental Processes

Enggins (2004: 225) says, “We are not asking about actions or doings in a

tangible, physical sense, but about mental reactions: about thought, feelings,

perceptions.” We know that mental process is a type of transitivity process that

related to sense, feeling of person. In mental process, the first participant who does

the action is called by Senser, and the second participant or the purpose will be

named by Phenomenon, for example

We understand the great enduring truth.

We understand the great enduring truth

Senser Pr : Mental Phenomenon

2.2.3 Behavioral Processes

Behavioral process is a kind of process that relating to psychological and the

actions are done in conscious being. This type of process is between mental and

material processes. In this process, it usually has one participant that is called by

Behaver. If there is any second participant, it will be called by Behaviour. Enggins

(2004: 233) states that, “Halliday describes these processes semantically as a ‘half -

way house’ between mental and material processes.” In other words, behavioral

process is included the action process, but the action is done with consciousness. For

example, stared, laughed, waved, sigh, laugh, watch, etc.

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For instance, He laughed at people in the front of this building

He Laughed at people in the front of this building

Behaver Pr : Behavioral Behaviour Circ loc: place

Actually, between Mental processes and Behavioral Processes, there is

similarities, they discuss about processes relating to thinking and feeling. The

difference is Mental processes relates to verbs happened unconsciously while

Behavioral processes relates to verbs happened consciously by the Behaver. For

instance, hear, related to physical perception verbs, relating to mental processes. This

action is happened unconsciously by the Senser while listen to is a process requiring

consciousness when doing this process.

2.2.4 Verbal Processes

Verbal processes is a kind of processes that relating to the saying and directly

effects to mental operation. It is done by consciousness. For example, said, told,

report, asked, repeated, etc. For example :

Santi is asking me about the information

Santi is asking me the information

Sayer Pr : Verbal Receiver Verbiage

2.2.5 Relational Processes

Relational processes is a part of predicates that using to be or auxiliary as the

processes. There is no real action like material processes but there is regarded as a

clause that the existence is regarded, for instance am, will not be, may be, hasn’t had,

22

are, would have been, etc. There are two classifications in relational process. They are

Intensive Attributive Processes and Intensive Identifying Processes. Enggins

(2004:240) states that, “…. There is no passive form of the clause: the subject can

never conflate with the role attributive, but will always conflate with the role of

carrier”. In the intensive attributive processes, the first participant will be named by

Carrier while the second participant is called by Attributive. In intensive Identifying

process, the first participant will be named by Token, and the other participant will be

named by Value. Enggins (2004:242) states that, “Typically the nominal groups in

identifying intensive are definite, whereas in attributives the attribute is an indefinite

nominal group”. Means that there is no passive form in Intensive Attributive Process

otherwise it can be passive forms in intensive identifying process. It is happened

because most of the first participant and the other participants are nominal groups, for

example

1. Barry Jones is one of the few politicians of whom Australians are truly fond.

Barry Jones Is one of the few politicians of whom Australians are truly fond

Token Pr: Relational Indentifying

Process

Value

2. Premier Kennet and CSR are wrong

Premier Kennet and CSR Are wrong

Carrier Pr :Relational Attributive Process

Attributive

23

2.2.6 Existential Processes

Enggins (2004:238) states that, “Existential Processes represent experience by

positing that ‘there was / is something’. As we know that ‘there’ will have two

meanings, if ‘there’ word shows a location, it is not involved in existential process

but in circumstances, for example

1. There is a sense of community and a fighting spirit often missing from the

sleeker suburbs.

There is a sense of community and a fighting spirit often missing

from the sleeker suburbs

Pr : Existential

Existent Cir loc: place

2. There are only two reasons why Werribee has been selected as the site for this

toxic dump.

There are only two reasons why Werribee has selected as the site for this toxic dump

Pr : Existential Existent

24

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS

3.1 Research method

Method is needed in this analysis in order to get the research qualified. In this

thesis, the writer applied the descriptive qualitative content analysis method to do her

analysis in which supported by internet, other thesis, and other sources. This is done

by collecting data from inauguration speeches of two prime ministers Australia. They

are Julia Gillard and John Howard.

3.2 Data Collecting Method

Usman (2008:52) states “Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri atas observasi,

wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi”. (‘Data collecting method is divided into

observation, interview, questionary, and documentation’). Based on this statement,

the writer chooses one of data colleting method to apply in her thesis.

The writer applied documentation method in her analysis. The writer collected

the data based on documents. Usman (2008:69) states that “Teknik pengumpulan data

dengan dokumentasi ialah pengambilan data yang diperoleh melalui dokumen

dokumen” (‘Data collecting method by documentation takes data that got from

documents’). In this thesis, the documents were inauguration speeches by two prime

ministers Australia in order that the writer can take conclusion after analyzing those

documents in her analysis.

In this thesis, the writer does content analysis by applying Halliday’s theory to

analyze the object of the analysis. The objects of the analysis are inauguration

25

speeches of two Australia prime minister, John Howard and Julia Gillard while

method that the writer applies in this thesis is documentation method. In this thesis,

documentation method is applied because the writer analyzes the object based on the

spoken texts of those speeches.

3.3 Data Analysis Method

Descriptive method is one of methods that used in analysis by describing the

Data. Descriptive comes from English language meaning that describing. The object

of the research done is reported by descriptive method in order that the readers can

understand the result of research well. Bungin (2001:290) states that, “Penggunaan

strategi deskriptif kualitatif dimulai dari analisis berbagai data yang terhimpun dari

suatu penelitian, kemudian bergerak ke arah pembentukkan kesimpulan kategori atau

cirri cirri umum tertentu”. (‘Using in qualitative descriptive strategy is started from

analysis that collected from the research to forming of conclusion or specific

characteristic’) From this quotation, the writer will do the analysis of transitivity

process in president inaugural speeches of prime ministers of Australia by analyzing

all of Data and towards at making a conclusion.

All of data that the writer analyzed are called by population. Population is the

total object in the research in order that the inaugural presidents’ speeches of prime

ministers Australia were called by Population. In this thesis, the writer divided all of

sentences in those speeches into clauses, after dividing all of the sentences to clauses,

the writer identified and classified the processes based on transitivity theory that

26

explained in chapter two. And the last, the writer found out the most dominant

process that used in those speeches and take conclusion.

In order to find out the most dominant type of transitivity that used in the

Inaugural speeches of prime ministers of Australia, the writer applies Bungin’s

formula (2005:172);

N = fx / n x 100%

N = Percentage of each types of transitivity

Fx = total number of types of transitivity.

It can be concluded that speeches relate to the communication. Bungin

(2007:155) stated that, “Analisis isi berhubungan dengan komunikasi / isi

komunikasi”. (‘Content of the analysis relates to the communication’) So, the writer

does the analysis to get a conclusion that becomes an object of communication.

For Example, in Julia Gillard, the 27th Prime minister of Australia, her speech:

it is a cause for celebration and will inspire us to ensure that many more women

follow us into the parliament. In this sentence, the writer firstly divides that sentence

into clauses, they are:

1. It is a cause for celebration

2. It will inspire us to ensure

3. Many women follow us into the parliament

After dividing the sentence into clauses, the writer does identification and

classification based on transitivity theory. They are:

1. It is a cause for celebration

27

It is a cause for celebrationIdentified Pr :

relational Identifier Circ cause: purpose

2. It will inspire us to ensure

It will inspire Us to ensure

Phenomenon Pr :mental Senser Circ cause: purpose

3. Many more follow us into this parliament

Many more women

Follow Us into this parliament

Actor Pr : material Goal Circ loc: place

Next, after doing identification and classification for whole documents, the

writer decides the most dominant process that used in those inauguration speeches of

Australia Prime ministers. Then, the writer took conclusions after doing all of those

steps in the analysis.

28

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS OF DATA AND FINDINGS

4.1 The Analysis of Data

This analysis includes the analysis of processes perhaps circumstances and

other aspects that rose in the Data. The following analysis consists of detailed

analysis of the data. The following analysis consists of detailed analysis of the Data.

4.1.1.1 Relational Process

Relational process is process relating to regard as clause uses to be, auxiliary

or part of predicates that indicates being or having situation. The data is Inauguration

speeches delivered by John Howard. The following analysis contains of detailed data.

1. I am truly humbled by this extraordinary expression of confidence in the leadership of this great nation by the coalition.

That I Am truly humbled by this extraordinary expression of confidence in the leadership of this great nation by the coalition

Carrier Pr : relational

Circ : quality

attributive Circ : manner

2. This nation by reason of the circumstances of history and by reason of its great capacity and the great capacity and dedication of the Australian people, this nation stands on the threshold of a new era of great achievement.

This nation by reason of the circumstances of history and by reason of its great capacity and the great capacity and dedication of the Australian people, this nation

stands on the threshold of a new era of great achievement

Token Pr : relational Value

3. This is a proud nation, a confident nation, a cohesive nation, a united nation

29

This Is a proud nation, a confident nation, a cohesive nation, a united nation

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive

4. Not only to be a partner with our friends in our own region

Not only

To be a partner with our friends in our own region

Pr : relational

Attributive Circ : accompaniment

Circ loc : place

5. But to be a beacon of democracy, of tolerance, of hope and of achievement all

around the world.

But To be a beacon of democracy, of tolerance, of hope and of achievement

all around the world

Pr : relational

Attributive Circ loc: place

6. We have in the world.

That we have in the world

Carrier Pr : relational Circ loc: place

7. We have a strong economy,

We Have a strong economy


8. We are a nation

We Are a nation

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 9. Ours is a great democracy

Ours Is a great democracy

30

Carrier Relational Attributive 10. We are happy

We Are Happy

Carrier Relational Attributive 11. We are joyful

We Are Joyful

Carrier Relational Attributive 12. This is a truly historic achievement for our two parties.

This Is a truly historic achievement for our two parties

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ cause : purpose

13. We have to reach back to the 1960s to find an occasion

We have to reach back

to the 1960s to find an occasion

Carrier Pr : relational Circ loc: time Pr : material

Goal

14. When an incumbent government has increased its majority on two successive

occasions.

When an incumbent government

has increased

its majority on two successive occasions


Attributive

15. That is an extraordinary achievement

That Is an extraordinary achievement


31

16. And the interests of country Australia is a source of continued inspiration

And the interest of country Australia

is a source of continued inspiration

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 17. That this country arguably has experienced since the end of World War II.

That this country arguably has experienced since the end of World War II.

Token Circ : quality

Pr : relational Circ loc : time

18. Those two men and all of my other cabinet colleagues have represented a

united team

Those two men and all of my other cabinet colleagues

have represented

a united team

Token Pr : relational Value 19. And we are here tonight

And we are Here Tonight

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ loc : time

20. That we have been a united team.

That we have been a united team

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 21. We have been a team.

We have been a team

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 22. We have not been a one-man band

32

We have not been an one man band

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 23. And to all of my colleagues I owe so much

And to all of my colleagues

I owe so much

Value Token Pr : relational Circ : quality 24. Because theirs is the victory tonight

Because theirs Is the victory Tonight


Attributive Circ : time

25. As much as it is mine

As much as It is Mine


26. And to Brian Loughnane, the new Federal Director who has steered us at an

organizational level to a wonderful victory on the first occasion

And to Brian Loughnane, the new Federal Director who

has steered usat an organizational level to a wonderful victory on the first occasion

Token Pr : relational Value Circ loc: place27. That he's been at the helm of the organization,

That he Has been at the helm of the organization

Carrier Pr : relational Circ loc: place 28. That is represented by tonight possible

That is represented by tonight Possible

Pr : relational Circ : time Circ : quality29. Being the staff of a prime minister is no easy task

33

Being the staff of a prime minister

Is no easy task

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 30. Being the staff of a prime minister during an election campaign is an almost

impossible task

Being the staff of a prime minister during an election campaign

is an almost impossible task

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 31. But they have carried it out with great dedication, great professionalism, and

great goodwill

They have carried out it with great dedication, great professionalism, and great goodwill

Token Pr : relational Value Circ : accompaniment 32. Probably one of the hardest jobs in an election campaign is to deal with the

media of Australia

One of the hardest jobs in an election campaign

is to deal with the media of Australia

Token Pr : relational Value 33. And it is a wonderful thing to be able

It Is a wonderful thing to be ableCarrier Pr :

relational Attributive Circ cause :

purpose 34. It's nerve-wracking and like many of you in this room,

It is nerve-wracking and like many of you in this room


Attributive Circ : comparison Circ loc : place

35. I had butterflies in my stomach this morning.

I had butterflies in my stomach this morning

34


Attributive

Circ loc : place

Circ loc: time

36. And it's true

And it is True

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 37. And it's perfectly normal

And it is perfectly Normal

Carrier Pr : relational Circ : quality Attributive 38. And it's perfectly human

And it is perfectly human

Carrier Pr : relational Circ : quality Attributive 39. But we are privileged to be able

But We are privileged to be able Token Pr : Relational Circ cause :

purpose 40. The people of Afghanistan have had an election and for the first time in years.

The people of Afghanistan

have had an election for the first time in years

Token Pr : relational Value Circ loc: time 41. That election has been made possible by reason of the fact

That Election has been made possible by reason of the fact

Token Pr : relational Circ : quality Circ : manner 42. We should be proud of the role

We should be proud of the role

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ : matter 43. That we have played in their liberating Afghanistan

35

That we have played in their liberating Afghanistan

Token Pr : relational Value 44. Just as we should be proud of the role

Just as We should be proud of the role

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ : matter 45. That Australia has played in many other areas in standing up for the values

That Australia has played in many other areas in standing up for the values

Token Pr : relational

Circ loc: place

46. And the things we hold dear.

And the things we hold dear

Value Token Pr : relational 47. We rededicated ourselves to the service of the Australian people

We Rededicated ourselves to the service of the Australian people

Token Pr : relational Value Circ cause: purpose 48. We rededicate ourselves to the great ideals of the Australian nation

We Rededicate ourselves to the great ideals of the Australian nation

Token Pr : relational Value Circ cause : purpose 49. We rededicate ourselves to that passionate belief of mine

We Rededicate ourselves to that passionate belief of mine

Token Pr : relational Value Circ cause: purpose 50. That the things that unite Australians are infinitely more important and more

enduring than the things that divide us

That the things that are more important and infinitely

36

unite Australians

more enduring than the things that divide us


Attributive

51. To be the prime minister of Australia is undoubtedly the greatest privilege

To be the prime minister of Australia

Is undoubtedly the greatest privilege

Carrier Pr: relational

Circ : quality Attributive

52. That can come the way of any person

That can come the way of any person

Pr : relational Value 53. I will never loss contact with

I Never will loss contact with

Token Circ : quality Pr : relational Value 54. I serve the Australian people

I Serve the Australian people


55. That tonight is possible for me

That tonight Is possible for me

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ : accompaniment

56. As my eight-and-a-half years as prime minister have been possible for me,

because of the tremendous support

As my eight-and-a-half years as

have been possible for me because of the tremendous

37

prime minister

support


Attributive Circ : accompaniment

Circ cause : reason

57. Who are on the stage with me tonight

Who Are on the stage with me tonight

Pr : relational Circ loc : place

Carrier Circ loc : time

58. We are two more than last time

We Are two more than last time

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 59. Tim was over in England three years ago

Tim Was in England three years ago

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ loc: time 60. And Rowan and Melanie hadn't got married or hitched by then

And Rowan and Melanie

hadn't got married or hitched

by then

Token Pr : relational Value Circ loc: time

61. So it's great to have Rowan with us on the platform tonight

So it Is great to have Rowan with us on the platform tonight


Attributive Circ cause: purpose

62. It's always been very much a family thing for us

It always has been very much a family thing for us

38

Carrier Pr : relational Circ : quality

Attributive

63. And to have you all here tonight

And To have You all here TonightPr : relational

Attributive Circ loc: place

Circ loc: time

64. Is something

Is SomethingPr: relational Attributive

65. That's very special to me

That Is very special to mePr : relational Circ : quality Attributive

66. That it was about trust

That it was about trust

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 67. It was who the Australian people

It Was who the Australian people

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 68. To keep the budget strong

To keep the budget StrongPr : relational Carrier Attributive

69. We start work immediately

We start work Immediately

Token Pr : relational Circ : quality

From the tables above, there can be found 69 process not only using

participants as Token (20) and Value (16) but also participants Carrier (43) and

Attributive (44). Every clause has different types of circumstances that also have

different meaning.

39

4.1.1.2 Material Process

Material process is process that relates to real action done by

participant, actor. The detailed data of material process are explained below.

1. A nation which can achieve anything it wants

A nation which

can achieve anything it Wants

Actor Pr : material

Goal Senser Pr : mental

2. And no Australian should ever shrink from a passionate

And no Australian should shrink from a passionate

Actor Pr : material Circ : accompaniment 3. Belief in the ability and the capacity of this nation not only to provide a

wonderful homeland for our 20 million,

Belief in the ability and the capacity of this nation

to provide a wonderful homeland for our 20 million,

Actor Pr : material Goal Circ : time

4. And my task, my mission, my commitment to the Australian people is to lead

them to the achievement of all of the opportunities

my task, my mission, my commitment to the Australian people

is to lead them to the achievement of all of the opportunities

40

Actor Pr : material Recipient Goal

5. Because we are prepared to stand up for what we believe in.

Because we are prepared to stand up for what we believe in

Actor Pr : material Pr : mental Circ cause: purpose

6. He rang me before making his speech

He rang me before making

his speech

Actor Pr : material Recipient Pr : material

Goal

7. When an election is held.

When an election is held

Goal Pr : material 8. You face that great moment of electoral judgment and electoral truth

You face that great moment of electoral judgment and electoral truth

Actor Pr : material Goal 9. That the verdict has been given by the Australian people

That the verdict has been given by the Australian people

Goal Pr : material Actor10. That government are elected

That government are elected

Actor Pr : material

41

11. To govern not only for the people who voted for them, but also for the people

who voted against them.

to govern not only for the people who voted for them, but also for the people who voted against them

Pr : material Circ cause: purpose

12. If I can address some remarks particularly

If I can address some remarks Particularly

Actor Pr : material Goal Circ : quality 13. He's displayed towards me, the leadership of his own party, the way in which

he represents

He has displayed

towards me the leadership of his own party, the way in which he represents

Actor Pr : material

Recipient Goal

14. We've won our fourth successive victory.

We have won our fourth successive victory

Actor Pr : material Goal 15. And we've won it for many reasons but one of the reasons that we have won it

is

And We have won it for many reasons but one of the reasons that we have won it is

Actor Pr : material Goal Circ cause: purpose 16. We have worked together,

We have worked Together

Actor Pr : material Circ : accompaniment 17. You cannot win elections without the assistance of a party organization.

You cannot win without the assistance of a party

42

organization

Actor Pr : material Circ : accompaniment 18. I cannot win elections without the assistance of people like you who are

gathered here tonight to share this victory,

And I cannot win elections without the assistance of people like you who are gathered here tonight to share this victory

Actor Pr : material

Goal Circ : accompaniment

19. And to all of the other directors of the party around Australia that have made

tonight possible,

And to all of the other directors of the party around Australia that

have made possible Tonight

Goal Pr : material Circ loc: time

20. They have made the achievement

They have made the achievementActor Pr : material Goal

21. They have done.

They have done

Actor Pr : material 22. To participate in a great democratic exercise like an election.

To participate

in a great democratic exercises like an election

43

Pr : material

Goal Circ: comparison

23. To participate in the great exercise in democracy.

To participate in the great exercise in democracy Pr : material Goal Circ loc: place

24. Let us

Let usPr : material Goal

25. That a number of countries, including Australia, were prepared to take a stand

for democracy and to take a stand against terrorism.

That a number of countries, including Australia

were prepared to take a stand for democracy and to take a stand against terrorism

Goal Pr : material Circ loc : purposes 26. As the people of Afghanistan vote today, and particularly the women of

Afghanistan,

As the people of Afghanistan

vote today and particularly the women of Afghanistan

Actor Pr : material

Circ loc : time

27. They have been so brutally suppressed for so long,

They have been suppressed

brutally for so long

Actor Pr : material Circ : quality Circ loc: time 28. That you've given me and to the broader Australian community

That you have given me to the broader Australian community

Actor Pr : material Recipient Circ cause: purpose 29. That you have again given me

That you have given me

44

Actor Pr : material Recipient 30. To lead this nation

To lead this nation Pr : material Goal

31. That's been given to me

That has been given to me

Pr : material Actor 32. I have received from those of my immediate family

I have received from those of my immediate family

Actor Pr : material Goal 33. They have given me over the years

They have given me over the years

Actor Pr : material Recipient Circ loc: time 34. That you have placed in us

That you have placed in usActor Pr : material Circ loc : place

35. To lead this nation at a time of international peril

To lead this nation at a time of international peril

Pr : material Goal Circ loc: place 36. Who did the Australian people better trust

Who did the Australian people better trust

Pr : material

Goal Pr : mental

37. Who did the people better trust

Who did the people better trust to lead it

Pr : material Goal 38. To lead it

45

To lead itPr : material Goal

39. In the first part of the 21st century The Australian people have given their

answer

In the first part of the 21st century

the Australian people

have given their answer

Circ loc: time Actor Pr : material Goal 40. To justify and Fulfill the trust

To justify Fulfill the trust

Pr : material Goal 41. That they have given to all of us tonight

That they have given to all of us Tonight

Actor Pr : material Recipient Circ loc : time

From all of tables above, the writer found 41 clauses consisting 45 material

process, and participants, they are actor (28), goal (28) and recipient (7). Every clause

has different meaning and different types of circumstances.

4.1.1.3 Verbal Process

Verbal process is the process that of saying whereby the speaker utters

the statement consciousness. The detailed data will be explained below.

1. can I say first of all

I can say first of all

46

Sayer Pr : verbal

2. The first thing I say is to rededicate myself and all of my colleagues to the service of the Australian people.

The first thing I say

is to rededicate

myself and all of my colleagues to the service of the Australian people

Verbiage Pr : verbal Receiver

3. And tonight the Australian people by their decision have declared themselves

confident and hopeful about their future

And tonight the Australian people by their decision

have declared

themselves confident and hopeful about their future

Circ : time Sayer Pr: verbal Verbiage 4. I do warmly thank him for the gracious things that he said.

I do thank warmly him for the gracious things that he said

Sayer Pr : verbal

Circ : quality

Receiver Circ cause: purpose

5. But to all of my colleagues I express my thanks for their loyalty and their

cooperation and their support, particularly during the weeks of this election

campaign.

But to all of my colleagues

I express my thanks for their loyalty and their cooperation and their support

particularly during the weeks of this election campaign

Sayer Pr : verbal

Verbiage Circ loc: time

47

6. Can I say to John Anderson, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Leader of the

National Party,

I can say to John Anderson, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Leader of the National Party

Sayer Pr : verbal Receiver

7. Can I also say a very special word of thanks to the Liberal Party organization

around Australia.

I can say a very special word of thanks

to the Liberal Party organisation around Australia

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage Receiver 8. To Shane Stone, the Federal President of the Liberal Party, Shane I thank you

very much for your leadership of the party.

To Shane Stone, the Federal President of the Liberal Party, Shane

I Thank you very much for your leadership of the party

Receiver Sayer Pr : verbal

Receiver Circ : quality

Circ cause : purpose

9. I express my tremendous gratitude and thanks.

I express my tremendous gratitude and thanks

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 10. Might I also say a very special word of gratitude to my staff.

I might say a very special word of gratitude

to my staff

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage Receiver 11. Particularly can I express my thanks to Arthur Sinodinos and

I can express my thanks to Arthur Sinodinos

48

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage Circ : accompaniment 12. I therefore should thank Tony O'Leary for the tremendous work

I should thank Tony O’Leary for the tremendous work

Sayer Pr : verbal Receiver Verbiage 13. I happily confess to that

I confess to that Happily

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage Circ : quality14. And so, my friends, I thank you for the support

And so my friends I thank you for the support



15. Can I say again

I can say Again

Sayer Pr : verbal Quality 16. I cannot muster words adequate enough to express my sense of gratitude and

humility at the great honour

I cannot muster words adequate enough to express my sense of gratitude and humility at the great honour

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 17. And finally, can I say on a personal note

And finally I can say on a personal note

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 18. And I have to say to Richard,

And I have to say to Richard

Sayer Pr : Receiver

49

verbal 19. Thank you very much for coming home briefly from the United States

Thank You very much for coming home briefly

from the United States

Pr : verbal Receiver Circ : quality Circ : cause

20. And if I could extend the family bit

And if I could extend the family bit

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 21. could I also acknowledge the presence of two of my brothers here tonight and

their families for the tremendous support

I could acknowledge the presence of two of my brothers here tonight and their families for the tremendous support

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 22. So again I say to my fellow Australians

So again I say to my fellow Australians

Sayer Pr : verbal Receiver 23. Thank you for the enormous trust

Thank you for the enormous trustPr: verbal Receiver Circ cause : reason

24. I said at the beginning of this election campaign

I Said at the beginning of this election campaign

Sayer Pr : verbal Circ loc : time 25. And to John I say thank you for the friendship and the loyalty of these past

years and the hope That it offers to the years ahead And the Deputy Leader of

my own party, Peter Costello, the Treasurer, whose stewardship has given us

one of the strongest economies in the Western World and also the strongest

economic conditions

50

And To john I say thank you for the friendship and the loyalty of these past years and the hope That it offers to the years ahead

And the Deputy Leader of my own party, Peter Costello, the Treasurer, whose stewardship has given us one of the strongest economies in the Western World and also the strongest economic conditions


Verbiage Receiver

26. We thank them for that

We thank them For that

Sayer Pr : verbal receiver Circ cause: reason

27. And Thank you very much

Thank you very much

Pr : verbal Receiver Circ : quality

From all of the data above, the writer found 27 clauses consisting 28 verbal

process, 23 sayer, 18 receiver and 14 verbiage. It is also found different

circumstances in each clause and has different meaning.

4.1.1.4 Mental Process

Mental process is a process relating to mental reaction. Process relate

to feelings, thought, or perceptions.

1. If it sets its mind to it.

51

It Sets its mind to it

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon Circ cause : purpose

2. The rest of the world sees us as a strong, successful nation

The rest of the world sees us as a strong, successful nation

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon

3. That is respected around the world

That is respected around the world

Pr : mental Senser 4. I want to thank the Leader of the Opposition Mark Latham for his gracious

remarks tonight.

I want to thank the leader of the opposition Mark Latham

for his gracious remarks tonight

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon Circ cause: purpose

5. But never forget the fact

But Never forget the fact

Circ : time Pr : mental Phenomenon 6. And I know the rest of my fellow Australians

And I know the rest of my fellow Australian

Senser Pr: mental Phenomenon 7. Will understand my doing this, Some remarks particularly to the two coalition

parties

Will understand

my doing this Some remarks particularly to the two coalition parties

52

Pr : mental Phenomenon 8. I guess the political steward of staff Tony Nutt.

I Guess the political steward of staff Tony Nutt

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 9. Remember that this very same day

Remember that this very same day

Pr :mental Phenomenon 10. We believe in

We believe inSenser Pr : mental

11. I will never forget

I Never will forget

Senser Circ : quality Pr : mental 12. I'll never misunderstand the nature of the honour and the privilege

I never will misunderstand the nature of the honor and the privilege

Senser Circ : quality

Pr : mental Phenomenon

13. And I commit myself to their service and their interest in the years ahead

And I commit myself to their service and their interest in the years ahead

Senser Pr : mental

Phenomenon

14. Had trusted to manage the economy,

Had trusted to manage the economyPr : mental Pr: material Goal

53

The writer found 14 clauses consisting 16 mental processes, 10 phenomena,

and 11 sensers. From the data above, the writer found different types of

circumstances and each clause has different meaning.

4.1.1.5 Existential Process

Existential Process relates to existent of experience signed by ‘there is/ there

was’ something.

1. There can only be one winner

There can be only one winner

Pr : existential Existent 2. There is a wonderful story to be told of achievement in each of the different

states of our nation

There is a wonderful story

to be told of achievement in each of the different states of our nation

Pr : existential

Existent Pr : verbal

Verbiage

3. There is no finer human being in public life than John Anderson and the

loyalty that

There is no finer human being in public life than John Anderson and the loyalty that

Pr : existential

Existent

From the data above, the writer found 3 existential processes and 3 existent

from 3 clauses.

54

4.1.1.6 Behavioral Process

Process relates to psychological done by conscious being. The detailed

data will be explained as follows.

1. When I look around the nation

When I look around the nation

Behaver Pr : behavioral Behavior

2. Help to me

Help to me

Pr : behavioral Behaver

From the data above, the writer found 2 clauses consisting 2 behavioral

process, 2 Behaver and 1 Behavior.

4.1. 1. 7 Summary

In the Inauguration Speech of John Howard, 25th Prime Minister of Australia,

the writer finds that there are transitivity verbs discovered on the text of his

inauguration speech. From 162 clauses is in the text, they are that the Relational

processes gained 69 processes, the Material processes gained 44 processes, the Verbal

processes gained 28 processes , the Mental Processes gained 16 processes, the

Existential Processes gained 3 processes, and the last, the Behavioral Processes

gained 2 processes. It can be seen in the following table:

55

Table 1. Types of Transitivity processes found in Inauguration Speech of John

Howard, 25th Prime Minister of Australia

NO PROCESSES TYPES TOTAL (%)

1 Relational 69 42,5

2 Material 44 27,1

3 Verbal 28 17,2

4 Mental 16 9,8

5 Existential 3 1,8

6 Behavioral 2 1,2

TOTAL 162 100%

From the findings above, it can be concluded that the most dominant

processes found in this speech is relational processes and followed by Material

process and Verbal Processes, next Mental process followed by Existential processes

and the least processes is behavioral process.

56

4.1.2 Inauguration Speech of 27th Australia Prime Minister Julia Gillard

4.1.2.1 Relational Process

Relational process is process relating to regard as clause uses to be, auxiliary

or part of predicates that indicates being or having situation. The data is Inauguration

speeches delivered by Julia Gillard. The following analysis contains of detailed data.

1. To be elected to this House as a Labor representative is a great honour.

To be elected to this house as a labor representative

is a great honour


2. To stand for an historically safe seat is more than a personal honour;

To stand for an historically safe seat

is more than a personal honour


57

3. It is a Labor landmark,

It is a labor landmarkCarrier Pr : relational Attributive

4. As is the record number of Labor women sitting in this House.

As is the record number of Labor women

sitting in this house

Pr : relational

Value Circ loc: place

5. It is a cause for celebration It is a cause for celebrationCarrier Pr :

relational Attributive Circ cause: purposes

6. Barry Jones has a unique place in Australian political life.

Barry Jones has a unique place in Australian political life

Carrier/ possessor

Pr : relational Attributive / possessed

Circ loc: place

7. Barry is famed throughout Australia for his intellect

Barry is famed throughout Australia

for his intellect

Token Pr : relational Value Circ cause: reason

8. In an age of cynicism about politicians, Barry Jones is one of the few

politicians of whom Australians are truly fond.

In an age of cynicism about politicians

Barry Jones is one of the few politicians of whom Australian are truly fond

Circ loc : time Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 9. Barry will continue to serve the Labor Party as its national president

Barry will to serve The labor party as its national

58

continue presidentToken Pr :

relational Pr : material Goal Circ : role

10. And will continue his passionate engagement with Australia in his writing and

public speaking.

And will continue his passionate engagement

with Australia

in his writing and public speaking

Pr : relational

Token Value Circ cause: purpose

11. Young families flock to Lalor

Young families flock to lalor Token Pr : relational Circ cause: purpose

12. And Part of Melbourne's industrial heartland, Lalor contains the Altona

petrochemical complex, the Laverton industrial estate and the Toyota

manufacturing plant, as well as the Point Cook and Laverton air bases.

And Part of Melbourne’s industrial heartland

Lalor contains the Altona petrochemical complex, the Laverton industrial estate and the Toyota manufacturing plant, as well as the Point Cook and Laverton air bases

Circ loc: place


Value

13. Lalor encompasses a significant agricultural precinct at Werribee South

Lalor Encompasses a significant agricultural precinct

at Werribee South

Token Pr : relational Value Circ loc: place 14. Lalor also contains major tourist attractions, including the historic Werribee

Mansion, the open range zoo and the State Rose Garden.

Lalor also contains major tourist attractions, including the

59

historic Werribee Mansion, the open range zoo and the State Rose Garden

Token Pr: relational

Value

15. As part of Melbourne's industrial west, the people of Lalor have always had to

try harder.

As part of Melbourne’s industrial west

The people of Lalor

have had to try harder

Circ cause: reason Token Pr : relational

Pr : material

Circ : quality

16. Werribee is no more than a dumping ground

Werribee is no more than a dumping ground Carrier Pr : relational Attributive

17. Because Melbourne's sewage farm is located there

Because Melbourne’s sewage farm is located thereToken Pr : relational Value

18. But Premier Kennett and CSR are wrong

But Premier Kennet and CSR

are wrong

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 19. This is a fight

This is a fightCarrier Pr : relational Attributive

20. Lalor has been represented in this place by only three members

Lalor has been represented in this place by only three members Reg Pollard, Jim Cairns, the famous antiwar advocate, and Barry Jones

Token Pr : relational Circ loc : place

Value

60

21. Whilst its parliamentary representation may have been stable, like all of

Australia

Whilst its parliamentary representation

may have been stable like all of Australia

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ : comparison 22. The electorate of Lalor has undergone a radical transformation since World

War II

The electorate of Lalor

has undergone a radical transformation since World War II

Token Pr : relational Value Circ loc : time

23. In Lalor, as in our nation generally, the twin forces of globalisation and

rapidly changing technology,

In Lalor, as in our nation generally

the twin forces of globalisation and rapidly changing technology


Value

24. And will continue to remake our lives

And will continue to remake our livesPr : relational Pr : material Goal

25. The prevailing mood of insecurity is an understandable community

The prevailing mood of insecurity

is an understable community


Attributive

26. Their teenagers are facing a tougher world

Their teenagers are facing a tougher worldToken Pr : relational Value

27. Than they themselves faced

Than they themselves facedToken Pr : relational

61

28. Endless remakes of the songs and movies of the 1960s and 1970s

Endless remakes of the songs and movies of the 1960s and 1970s

Token Pr : relational Value 29. And the rise of reactionary politics have something in common—both seek a

return to a mythical, simpler time, a deep and dreamless sleep.

And the rise of reactionary politics

have something in common—both seek a return to a mythical, simpler time, a deep and dreamless sleep


Attributive

30. The end result of this political cycle is a weary people

The end result of this political cycle is a weary people


Attributive

31. If the politics of values comes to the fore,

If the politics of values

comes to the fore

Token Pr : relational Value 32. It is only the Labor Party

It is only the Labor party

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 33. A value system that has endured since the Labor Party's formation,

62

a value system has endured since the Labor Party's formation

Token Pr : relational Circ loc : time 34. We stand for the right of ordinary Australians

We stand for the right of ordinary Australians

Token Pr :relational Circ cause : reason 35. Those who have neither wealth nor power—to a fair go,

Those who have neither wealth nor power to a fair go


Attributive Circ cause : purpose

36. And to have a say in their nation's future

And to have a say in their nation’s future

Pr : relational Attributive Circ : purpose 37. Our values are fundamentally democratic and collective.

Our values fundamentally are democratic and collective

Carrier Circ : quality Pr : relational

Attributive

38. From which Individuals can excel.

From which individuals can excel

Token Pr : relational 39. These values—our core Labor values—are true signposts which take us

beyond some of the sterile debates of the past.

63

These values—our core Labor values

are true signposts

which take us beyond some of the sterile debates of the past


Attributive Pr : material

Goal

40. Our conservative opponents would have Australians believe

Our conservative opponents

would have Australians believe


Attributive Pr : mental

41. Who are able to face the world

Who are able to face the world

Pr : relational

Attributive Pr : material Goal

42. And take the risks necessary to get ahead,

And take the risk necessary

to get ahead

Pr : relational Value Circ : cause purpose 43. Nurturing and caring society is the best foundation for the individuals

Nurturing and caring society

is the best foundation for the individuals

64

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 44. A strong economy and a strong society are not contradictory goals.

A strong economy and a strong society

are not contradictory goals

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 45. But security alone is not enough.

But security alone is not enough

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 46. a Labor vision, must also be a vision of opportunity, a vision whereby each

and every Australian,

a Labor vision must be a vision of opportunity, a vision whereby each and every Australian


47. That the opportunities for the next generation will be better.

That The opportunities for the next generation

will be better


Attributive

48. My personal story shows the difference

My personal story shows the difference

Token Pr : relational Value 49. That the vast majority of migrants come here determined

65

That The vast majority of migrants

come here Determined


Circ loc : place

Pr : material

50. Between them they have contributed more to this country as workers, as

citizens

Between them

they have contributed

more to this country as workers, as citizens,

Token Pr : relational Value 51. While they still have their accents and their culture

While They still have their accents and their culture


Attributive

52. They take nothing about it for granted

They take nothing about it for granted


Value Circ : matter Circ cause: purpose

53. That is the truth of our history of migration, our history of multiculturalism.

That is the truth of our history of migration, our history of multiculturalism

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 54. That would have been beyond my parents' understanding

66

That would have been

beyond my parents’ understanding

Pr : relational Attributive Carrier 55. It would have been inconceivable to them

It would have been inconceivable to them

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 56. I have only been able

I have been able

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 57. Which flourished in South Australia under the Dunstan Labor government

which Flourished under the Dunstan Labor government

Pr: relational Circ loc: place 58. It is fundamental to Labor's vision, to our compact with this and the next

generation

It is fundamental to Labor's vision, to our compact with this and the next generatio


Attributive Circ : matter

59. That stress all the importance of raising the educational standards of citizens,

not just a lucky few.

That Stress the importance of raising the educational standards of citizens

not just a lucky few

Pr : relational Value

67

60. This is because not only economists

This is because not only economists

Carrier Pr : relational Circ cause: reason 61. That the future of Australia and the future of themselves and their children is

tied to educational success.

That The future of Australia and the future of themselves and their children

is tied to educational success


Attributive

62. But, under this government, we are engaging in that shameful and cruel waste.

But under this government

we are engaging in that shameful and cruel waste

Circ : place Token Pr : relational 63. We are denying Australians access to opportunity.

We are denying Australians access to opportunity

Token Pr : relational Value Circ cause: purpose

64. In its 1996 budget, this government took $1.8 billion of public support away

from our university system.

In its 1996 budget

this government

Took $1.8 billion of public support away from our university system

68

Circ loc : time


Value

65. The inevitable result has been a decline in the number of students starting

courses at our universities.

The inevitable result

has been a decline in the number of students

starting courses at our universities



Goal Circ loc : place

66. When the cuts took effect,

When the cuts Took effect

Token Pr : relational Value 67. Perhaps worst of all, under this government we have returned to a system of

privilege

Perhaps worst of all

under this government

we have returned a system of privilege

Circ loc: place


68. Rather than merit in our universities,

Rather than merit in our universities

Pr : relational Circ loc: place 69. When I was in primary school.

When I Was in primary school

69

Carrier Pr : relational Circ loc: place 70. Of course, inequality in our education system is not just confined to higher

education.

Of course inequality in our education system

Is not just confined to higher education

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 71. Let me

Let me

Pr : relational Value 72. High achievers are those talented young people

High achievers are those talented young people

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 73. Who come in the top 7.5 per cent of results in their year 12 marks.

Who come in the top 7.5 per cent of results in their year 12 marks

Pr : relational Circ loc : place 74. Last year, one very good but very exclusive ladies college in the eastern

suburbs of Melbourne alone had 111 high achievers in the pivotal subject of

English.

Last year one very good but very exclusive ladies college in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne alone

had 111 high achievers in the pivotal subject of English

70

Circ loc : time


Attributive

75. The students from my electorate are not any less intelligent than those from

Higgins or Kooyong

The students from my electorate

are not any less intelligent than those

from Higgins or Kooyong

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ loc: place

76. Their educational opportunities are not the same.

Their educational opportunities

are not the same

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 77. Certainly, this massive discrepancy would be lessened

Certainly this massive discrepancy would be lessened

Token Pr : relational 78. that exists in our education system and create a high-class state school system.

That exists in our education system and create a high-class state school system

Pr : relational Value 79. That Unfortunately postcodes are probably the strongest factor in determining

a person's expectations of success in life.

That unfortunately postcodes are the strongest

in determining a person's

71

factor expectations of success in life


Attributive

80. It will be one of my priorities in politics to ensure

It will be one of my priorities in politics

to ensure

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Pr : mental 81. That in the Australia of the future the famous quizmaster is, for once, wrong.

That in the Australia of the future the famous quizmaster

is wrong for once

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 82. My passion for education is not only the product of my own personal

experience;

My passion for education

is not only the product of my own personal experience

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 83. It is the result of having campaigned on these very issues as a university

student.

It is the result of having campaigned on these very issues as a university student

Carrier Pr : relational Attributibve 84. One of the features of this parliament is that every few elections

72

One of the features of this parliament is that every few elections


Attributive

85. I come from the generation of students who followed.

I come from the generation of students

who followed


Value Pr : material

86. And pampered extremism.

And pampered extremism

Pr : relational Pr : value 87. Ours was a radicalism fashioned by a desire to be practical,

Ours was a radicalism fashioned

by a desire to be practical

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ : manner 88. Much like my Welsh forebear, Nye Bevan, who was just one of the people

from whom we took inspiration.

Much like my Welsh forebear Nye Bevan,

who was just one of the people

from whom

we took inspiration

Circ : comparison

Pr : relational

attributive Token Pr : relational

Value

89. That the antics of a bunch of university students had much relevance to real

working people,

73

That the antics of a bunch of university students

had much relevance to real working people


Attributive

90. But we were always conscious

But we Were always conscious


Attributive

91. That we were part of a wider movement to create a fairer society

That we were part of a wider movement

to create a fairer society



Goal

92. We were fortunate enough to have.

We Were fortunate enough to have

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Pr : relational

93. In this place, I will remain fiercely committed to working with unions and to

working for fair industrial laws.

In this place

I will remain

committed to working

with unions and to working for fair industrial laws

Circ loc : place

Carrier Pr: relational

Pr: material Circ : accompaniment

74

94. Our youthful anger may now be tempered by experience but the same beliefs

in fairness and the same fire remain.

Our youthful anger

may be tempered

by experience but the same beliefs in fairness and the same fire remain

now


Circ : manner Circ loc : time

95. Those friends from university have remained my comrades since the early

1980s.

Those friends from university

have remained my comrades since the early 1980s

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive Circ loc : time 96. They are people of intelligence, public spiritedness and integrity.

They Are people of intelligence, public spiritedness and integrity

Carrier Pr : relational Attributive 97. Michael O'Connor, who has been my closest confidant since those heady

days.

Michael O'Connor

who has been my closest confidant

since those heady days


Attributive Circ loc: time

98. I would not have reached this place without his support and without the

support of the friends

75

I would not have reached

this place without his support and without the support of the friends

Token Pr : relational Value Circ : accompaniment 99. To Darrell Cochrane and Joan Kirner for never once wavering: my thanks.

To Darrell Cochrane and Joan Kirner

never once wavering my thanks

Token Pr : relational Value 100. To John Brumby, who so richly deserves to be the next Premier of

Victoria: thanks for the opportunity to work with you and

To John Brumby,

who so richly

deserves to be

the next Premier of Victoria

thanks for the opportunity to work with you

Token Circ : quality

Pr : relational

Value Pr : verbal

Verbiage

From the tables above, the writer found 100 clauses consisting 103 Relational

processes, with participants Token (34) and Value (30) while carrier (54) and

Attributive (52) each clause has different circumstances and some of clauses does not

apply circumstance.

4.1.2.2 Material Process

76

Material process is the process that is related to the real action done by

participant, actor. The detailed data of material process are explained below.

1. To be elected as the first woman ever chosen by the Victorian branch of

the Labor Party

To be elected as the first woman

ever chosen by the Victorian branch of the labor party

Goal Pr : material Actor

2. That many more women follow us into this parliament.

That many more women

Follow us into this parliament

Actor Pr : material

Goal Circ loc: place

3. The electorate of Lalor, so ably served by Barry Jones, is situated in

Melbourne's outer west.

The electorate of Lalor, so ably served by Barry Jones

is situated in Melbourne's outer west.

Goal Pr : material Circ loc: place

4. Throughout the electorate you find internationally protected wetlands

Throughout the electorate

you find internationally protected wetlands

Circ : manner Actor Pr : material 5. New housing estates are constantly being built

New housing estates are being built constantlyGoal Pr : material Circ : quality 6. Throughout the electorate you find internationally protected wetlands

Throughout the electorate

you find internationally protected wetlands

Circ : manner Actor Pr : material 7. Given the standard imagery of Melbourne's west

77

Given the standard imagery of Melbourne’s westPr : material Goal 8. To stop CSR turning the local quarry at Werribee into a toxic dump.

To stop CSR turning the local quarry

at Werribee into a toxic dump

Pr : material Goal Circ loc: place 9. Why Werribee has been selected as the site for this toxic dump

Why werribee has been selected as the site For this toxic dumpActor Pr : material 10. When the Victorian Premier turns to the west

When The Victorian Premier turns to the west Actor Pr : material Circ loc: place

11. Who rallied to stop the dump

Who rallied to stop the dumpPr : material Goal

12. That Lalor named for that great fighter

That Lalor named for that great fighterActor Pr : material Circ cause: purpose 13. against injustice,

Against injustice Pr : material Goal

14. Peter Lalor will win.

Peter Lalor will winActor Pr : material15. Since its creation in 1949, apart from the curious aberration of being

represented by the Liberal Party for one parliamentary term

Since its creation in

Apart from the curious aberration of being

by the Liberal Party for one parliamentary term

78

1949 representedCirc loc: time

Pr : material

Goal Actor

16. particularly information technology, have remade

particularly information technology

have remade

Actor Pr : material 17. Response to the swirling winds of change

Response to the swirling winds of changePr : material Goal 18. Which threaten to blow us to unknowable destinations

Which threaten to blow us to unknowable destinationPr : material Goal Circ cause: purpose

19. In Hugh Mackay's Mind and Mood study and in Clemenger's Silent

Majority report, we find a society

In Hugh Mackay’s Mind and Mood study and in Clemenger's Silent Majority report

we find a society

Circ loc: place Actor Pr : material

Goal

20. As a community, in common with societies throughout the Western world,

our response to insecurity has run from simple nostalgia to the spectacle of

the frightened turning on the vulnerable.

As a community, in common with societies throughout the Western world

our response to insecurity

has run simple nostalgia to the spectacle of the frightened turning on the vulnerable

Actor Pr : material Goal

79

21. Various conservative politicians, some with subtlety, some nakedly, have

encouraged this dangerous trend.

Various conservative politicians, some with subtlety, some nakedly

have encouraged this dangerous trend

Actor Pr : material Goal 22. Sells the big lie

Sells the big lie

Pr : material Goal 23. That the answer to insecurity is to tread on the weakest amongst us.

That the answer to insecurity

is to tread on the weakest amongst us

Goal Pr : material


24. And helped none.

And Helped none

Pr : material Goal 25. For far too long public debate in Australia has failed to nourish or inspire

us.

For far too long

public debate in Australia

has failed to nourish or inspire

us

Actor Pr : material

Pr : mental Senser

26. For far too long it has been limited to the day-to-day monitoring of the

health of our economy rather than the morals and goals of our society.

80

For far too long

It has been limited

to the day-to-day monitoring of the health of our economy rather than the morals and goals of our society

Goal Pr : material Circ loc: time 27. In my view, the electors of Lalor, and the Australian people, are looking

for a return to passion and conviction in Australian politics and to the clear

articulation of values.

In my view

the electors of Lalor, and the Australian people

are looking for

a return to passion and conviction in Australian politics and to the clear articulation of values

Actor Pr : material

Goal

28. By what measures we are prepared to be judged.

By what measures

We are prepared To be judged

Actor Pr : material Circ cause: purposes

29. Then the Labor Party will win that contest.

Then the Labor Party

will win that contest

Actor Pr : material Goal 30. Even though the policies based upon those values are constantly revised in

order to meet the needs of a changed and changing world.

The policies based upon those values

are revised constantly in order to meet the needs of a changed and changing world

81

Goal Pr : material Circ : quality

Circ cause: purposes

31. To be treated with dignity

To be treated with dignity

Pr : material Circ : accompaniment 32. That individuals are immeasurably strengthened by being members of a

team, of a society, and

That Individuals immeasurably are strengthened

by being members of a team, of a society

Goal Circ : quality Pr : material Actor 33. That a strong community provides the best platform

That A strong community

Provides the best platform

Actor Pr : material Goal 34. Their daughters and sons, will lead a better life.

Their daughters and sons

will lead a better life

Actor Pr : material Goal 35. That our nation will only find its place in an open and competitive global

economy

That our nation will find its place in an open and competitive global economy

82


36. If we sign up to the cult of individualism, to the survival of the fittest.

If we sign up to the cult of individualism, to the survival of the fittest

Actor Pr : material Goal 37. By contrast, Labor—guided by our values—understands

By contrast Labor guided by our values— understands

Circ : manner

Actor Pr : material Goal Pr : mental

38. That Just like the most loving homes produce the confident kids

That just like the most loving homes

produce the confident kids

Actor Pr : material Goal 39. Indeed, you can only achieve a sustainably strong economy by creating a

strong society.

Indeed you only can achieve

a sustainably strong economy

by creating a strong society

Actor Pr : material

Goal Circ : manner

40. A country is strengthened by individual security and national

inclusiveness.

A country is strengthened by individual security and national inclusiveness

83

Goal Pr : material Actor 41. A vision to satisfy Australians

A vision to satisfy Australians

Actor Pr : material Goal 42. No matter what their personal circumstances, is given an opportunity to

develop and to excel,

No matter what their personal circumstances

is given an opportunity to develop and to excel

Actor Pr : material Goal Pr : material 43. That opportunity can make to a life.

That opportunity can make to a life

Goal Pr : material Circ cause :purpose 44. What the last red-headed woman who made a first speech in this place

Will never understand is

What the last red-headed woman

made a first speech

in this place

will understand

never Is

Actor Pr : material

Goal Circ loc: place

Pr : mental Circ : quality

Pr : relational

45. To make a better life for themselves and their kids

To make a better life for themselves and their kids

84

Pr : material Goal Circ cause : purpose 46. And they are prepared to work unbelievably hard to achieve that dream.

And they are prepared to work

unbelievably hard

to achieve that dream

Actor Pr : material

Circ cause: purposes

Pr : material Goal

47. My father worked in a variety of blue-collar jobs before training as a

psychiatric nurse.

My father

worked in a variety of blue-collar jobs

before training as a psychiatric nurse

Actor Pr : material

Goal Pr : material

Circ : accompaniment

48. My mother worked as a domestic in an aged care institution.

My mother worked as a domestic in an aged care institution

Actor Pr : material Circ : role Circ loc : place 49. Than they ever cost it

Than they ever cost it

Actor Circ : quality Pr : material Goal 50. And because they chose this country

And because they choose this country

Actor Pr : material Goal 51. They have made within it

85

They have made within it

Actor Pr : material Circ : accompaniment 52. Because they choose this country

Because they choose this country

Actor Pr : material Goal 53. They celebrate

They celebrate

Actor Pr : material 54. When they stepped off that boat in Adelaide in 1966.

They stepped off that boat in Adelaide in 1966

Actor Pr : material Goal Circ loc : place

Circ loc : time

55. To obtain two degrees from a university and to serve in the nation's

parliament.

To obtain and to serve

two degrees from a university in the nation's parliament

Pr : material Goal Circ cause : purpose Circ loc :place 56. To take up those opportunities because of the excellent state education

system

to take up those opportunities

because of the excellent state education system

Pr : material Goal Circ cause : reason

86

57. And the access to universities made possible by the Whitlam government's

abolition of up-front fees.

And The access to universities

Made possible by the Whitlam government's abolition of up-front fees

Goal Pr : material

Actor

58. In coming to this House, I bring with me a passionately held view that

In coming to this House

I Bring with mea passionately held view

Circ loc : place

Actor Pr : material

Goal

59. To train, to retrain, to excel, throughout life.

To train, to retrain, to excel throughout life

Pr : material Circ : accompaniment 60. Victoria tumbled from having the second highest growth rate in

commencing enrolments to being the state with the biggest fall,

Victoria tumbled from having the second highest growth rate in commencing enrolments to being the state with the biggest fall

Actor Pr : material Circ loc : place 61. 4.7 per cent fall in commencing enrolments—a statistic which

47 per cent Fall in commencing enrolments—a statistic

87

Actor Pr : material 62. A system of allowing the rich to buy a place while those with better

entrance marks but not enough money miss out—a system

A system of allowing the rich

to buy a place while those with better entrance marks but not enough money miss out—a system

Actor Pr : material

Goal

63. Which was eradicated by the Whitlam government

Which was eradicated by the Whitlam government

Pr : material Actor 64. Give you just one example involving my own electorate.

Give you just one example involving my own electorate

Pr : material Recipient Goal 65. The 40 working-class secondary schools north and west of the Yarra,

including the schools in my electorate, managed only 84 between them.

The 40 working-class secondary schools north and west of the Yarra, including the schools in my electorate

managed only 84 between them

Actor Pr : material Goal 66. If we as a nation were prepared to seriously tackle the inequality of

opportunity

We as a nation were prepared to seriously

the inequality of

88

tackle opportunity

Actor Pr : material Circ : quality Goal

67. People today make a lot of the new generation from the other side of this

House

People today make a lot of the new generation from the other side of this House

Actor Circ loc: time

Pr : material Goal

68. Like them, we fought what we saw as self-indulgence

Like them we fought what we saw as self-indulgence

Circ : comparison


69. And give others the opportunities

And give Others opportunities

Pr : material Actor Goal 70. To spend eight years as an industrial lawyer defending trade unions and

working people.

To spend eight years as an industrial lawyer

defending trade unions and working people

Pr : material

Goal Pr : material Goal

71. We stuck together

89

We stuck together

Actor Pr : material

Circ : accompaniment

72. And we retained our common goals.

And we retained our common goals

Actor Pr : material Goal 73. Today you can find them fighting in our great trade union movement

Today you can find them fighting in our great trade union movement

Circ loc : time

Actor Pr : material

Goal Pr : material

Goal

74. To protect the jobs of timber workers, rubbish collectors, home care

workers, nurses and Aussie post workers

To protect the jobs of timber workers, rubbish collectors, home care workers, nurses and Aussie post workers

Pr : material Goal 75. Defending injured workers in the courts

Defending injured workers in the courts

Pr : material Goal Circ loc: place 76. And helping prepare the ALP for the new millennium.

And helping prepare the ALP for the new millennium

Pr : material Goal

90

77. Today I pay tribute to them and especially to the most committed of them

all

Today I pay tribute to them and especially to the most committed of them all

Circ loc : time

Actor Pr : material

Goal Recipient

78. And have turned up in remarkable force today.

And have turned up in remarkable force

today

Pr : material Goal Circ loc : time 79. Learn from you.

Learn from you

Pr : material Goal 80. And to my wonderful supporters in Lalor, including Terry Bracks, Henry

Barlow and Fiona Richardson watching from the gallery today: I will do

everything in my power

And to my wonderful supporters in Lalor, including Terry Bracks, Henry Barlow and Fiona Richardson

watching from

the

gallery

today I will do everything

in my

power

Recipient Pr : material

Circ loc: place

Circ loc: time

Actor Pr : material

Goal

81. To make you proud.

91

To make You proud

Pr : material Goal

The writer found 81 clauses consisting 100 Material Process and participants,

they are Actor (54), Goal (75), and Recipient (3). Each clause has different

circumstances and different meaning.

4.1.1.3 Verbal Process

Verbal process is a process that relates to the saying and done by

consciousness. The detailed data will be explained below.

1. Having reached this place, my first task as the new member for Lalor is to

thank the outgoing member, Mr Barry Jones, for his service to the local

community over the past 21 years, for his contribution to Australian political

life and for his personal support and encouragement.

Having reached this place

my first task as the new member for lalor

is to thank

the outgoing member, Mr. Barry Jones

for his service to the local community over the past 21 years, for his contribution to Australian political life and for his personal support and encouragement

Circ : comitation

Sayer Pr : verbal

Receiver Verbiage

2. That fighting spirit is now being called upon in a major community campaign

That fighting spirit

is being called

now in a major community campaign

Verbiage Pr : verbal Circ loc: time

Circ loc: place

3. So-called `wedge politics'

92

So called ‘wedge politics’

Pr : verbal Verbiage 4. That can claim to be based clearly upon a value system,

That can claim to be based clearly upon a value system

Pr : verbal Circ cause : purpose

Circ : quality

5. In return, Australia has offered me opportunities

In return Australia has offered me opportunities

Sayer Pr : verbal Receiver Verbiage 6. That their child, and a daughter at that, could be offered the opportunity

That Their child, and a daughter

could be offered the opportunity

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 7. That Australia not only offers the opportunities

That Australia not only offers the opportunities

Sayer Pr : verbal Verbiage 8. But Offers the opportunity

But offers the opportunity

Pr : verbal verbiage9. Australia cannot afford to waste talent.

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Australia cannot afford to waste talent

Sayer Pr : verbal Pr : material Goal 10. My sincere thanks to: my mother, Moira; my father, John; my sister, Alison;

her partner, Paul; and their children, Jenna and Tom.

My sincere thanks to: my mother, Moira; my father, John; my sister, Alison; her partner, Paul; and their children, Jenna and Tom

Sayer Pr : verbal Receiver 11. To Robyn McLeod: thanks for your friendship.

To Robyn McLeod

Thanks for your friendship

Receiver Pr : verbal Verbiage 12. To the member for Batman, Martin Ferguson: thanks for your help and

personal support.

To the member for Batman, Martin Ferguson

Thanks for your help and personal support

Receiver Pr : verbal Verbiage

From those tables, the writer found 12 clauses, consisting 11 Verbal process,

6 sayers, 9 Verbiage and 5 receiver, and different types circumstances and meaning.

4.1.1.4. Mental Process

Mental process is a process relating to mental reaction. Process relate to

feelings, thought, or perceptions.

1. And will inspire us to ensure

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And will Inspire Us to ensurePr : mental Phenomenn Pr : mental

2. And is respected throughout Australia for his genuineness and compassion.

And is respected throughout Australia

for his genuineness and compassion

Pr : mental Phenomenon Circ cause : reason 3. In the electorate of Lalor he is loved.

In the electorate of Lalor

he is loved

Circ loc: place Phenomenon Pr : mental 4. While he will be sorely missed from this House,

While he will be missed sorely from this houseSenser Pr : mental circ : quality Circ loc: place

5. Far less well known and perhaps surprising to some

Far less well

known and surprising

perhaps to some

Pr : mental Phenomenon 6. CSR wants to make money by filling its disused quarry with toxic waste and

CSR wants to make money by filling its disused quarry with toxic waste

Senser Pr : mental

Pr : material

Goal Circ : manner

7. The Kennett government thinks

The Kennett government ThinksSenser Pr : mental

8. He would have seen the 15,000 Werribee residents

He would have seen the 15,000 Werribee residentsSenser Pr : mental Phenomenon

9. And by now he should be smelling the scent of a political defeat

And by now

he should be smelling the scent of a political defeat

Circ loc: Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon

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time 10. In which individuals increasingly feel insecure and powerless their lives in the

face of rapid economic restructuring and social change.

In which

individuals feel insecure and powerless

to control their lives in the face of rapid economic restructuring and social change

Senser Pr : mental

phenomenon Circ cause : purposes

11. Most tellingly of all, parents believe

Most tellingly of all Parents BelieveSenser Pr : mental

12. This shabby opportunism has hurt many

This shabby opportunism

has hurt Many

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 13. who no longer believe what politicians say and who think the politicians

saying

Who no longer Believe what politicians say and who think the politicians saying

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 14. It do not even believe it themselves.

It do not believe it Themselves

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon

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15. They rightly want to know what their politicians stand for,

They rightly want to know what their politicians stand for

Senser Circ : quality Pr : mental Phenomenon 16. what we believe in and

What We believe in

Senser Pr : mental 17. And respect in the workplace,

And respect in the workplace

Pr : mental Circ loc : place 18. To be recognized and valued as citizens

To be recognized and valued as citizens

Pr : mental Phenomenon 19. We understand the great enduring truth

We Understand the great enduring truth

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 20. And we understand

And we Understand

Senser Pr : mental 21. The key aspiration of each generation of Australians is to ensure that the

generation to follow,

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The key aspiration of each generation of Australians

is to ensure that the generation

to follow

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon Pr : material 22. Who will ensure Australia competes in the global market.

Who will ensure Australia competes

in the global market

Pr : mental Senser Circ location: place 23. A vision whereby we can truly believe

A vision whereby We can believe Truly

Phenomenon Senser Pr : mental Circ : quality 24. Immigrants need courage and creativity

Immigrants need courage and creativity

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 25. They need open minds and sturdy hearts.

They Need open minds and sturdy hearts

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 26. They love this country and the lives

They love this country and the lives

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 27. And know its worth.

And know its worth

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Pr : mental Phenomenon 28. I enjoyed

I enjoyed

Senser Pr : mental 29. But ordinary people understand

But ordinary people understand

Senser Pr : mental 30. And lost opportunity

And lost opportunity

Pr : mental Phenomenon 31. We always understood the value of working collectively, of unionism.

We always understood the value of working collectively, of unionism

Senser Pr : mental Phenomenon 32. While experience in the student movement inspired those on the other side of

the House to dedicate themselves to the destruction of unionism,

While experience in the student movement

inspired those on the other side of the House

to dedicate

themselves to the destruction of unionism

Senser Pr : mental

Phenomenon

Pr : material

Goal Circ cause : purpose

33. It inspired us to work with and for unions.

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It inspired Us to work with and for unions

Phenomenon Pr : mental

Senser Pr : material


34. It inspired me

It inspired Me

Phenomenon Pr : mental Senser

The writer found 34 clauses that consist 39 Mental process, 27 senser and 22

Phenomenon. Each clause has different circumstances and meaning.

4.1.2.5 Existential Process

Process relates to existent of experience signed by ‘there is/ there was’

something.

1. There is a sense of community and a fighting spirit often missing from the

sleeker suburbs.

There is a sense of community and a fighting spirit

from the sleeker suburbs

Pr : existential

Existent Circ loc : place

2. There are only two reasons

There are only two reasons Pr : existential Existent

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3. Around the world now there is a trend back to the Centre Left, to social

democratic parties

Around the world

now there is a trend back to the Centre Left, to social democratic parties

Circ loc : place

Circ loc: time

Pr : existential

Existent

4. There arrives a new generation of politicians distinctly different from the

people who preceded them.

There Arrives a new generation of politicians distinctly different from the people

Who Preceded Them

Pr : existential

Existent Pr : relational

Value

The writer found 4 clauses consisting 4 existential processes and 4 existent in

those tables. They have different meaning and circumstances in each clause.

4.1.2.6 Behavioral Process

Behavioral Process relates to psychological done by conscious being. The

detailed data will be explained as follows.

1. He holds his nose

He holds his nose

Behaver Pr : behavioral Behavior 2. And closes his eyes.

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And closes his eyesPr : behavioral Behavior

3. If he opened his eyes

If he opened his eyesBehaver Pr : behavioral Behavior

4. The electoral division of Lalor has enjoyed great stability and quality in its

parliamentary representatives.

The electoral division of Lalor

has enjoyed great stability and quality

in its parliamentary representatives

Behaver Pr : behavioral Behavior Circ loc: place 5. My father John and my mother Moira, who is watching from the gallery

today, Migrated to this country with my sister Alison and I as assisted passage

migrants in 1966.

My father John and my mother Moira

is watching

from the gallery

today Migrated to this country

with my sister Alison and I as assisted passage migrants

in 1966

Behaver

Pr : behavioral

Behavior

Circ loc: time

Pr : material

Goal Circ : accompaniment

Circ loc : time

6. Speaks of misery

Speaks of misery

Pr : Behavioral Behaver 7. My predecessor, Barry Jones, used to say

My predecessor, Barry Jones used to say

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Behaver Pr : behavioral8. Who emerged from the battles with left-wing students on our campuses in the

1970s.

Who emerged from the battles with left-wing students on our campuses

in the 1970s

Pr : behavioral

Circ loc : place Circ loc : time

9. I will not pretend

I will not pretend

Behaver Pr : behavioral 10. And Family members who care about me

And family members

Who Care Me

Behaver Pr : behavioral

Behavior

From all tables above, the writer found 10 clauses consisting 10 Behavioral

processes, 8 Behaver, and 5 Behavior. Each clause has different circumstance and

meaning.

4.1.2.7 Summary

In the Inauguration Speech of Julia Gillard, 27th Prime Minister of Australia,

the writer finds that there are transitivity verbs discovered on the text of her

inauguration speech. From 241 clauses is in the text, they are that the Relational

processes gained 103 processes, the Material processes gained 100 processes, the

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Mental Processes gained 39 processes, next the Verbal Processes gained 11

processes, the Behavioral Processes gained 10 processes, and the last, the Existential

processes gained 4 processes. It can be seen in the following table:

Table 2. Types of Transitivity processes found in Inauguration Speech of Julia

Gillard, 27th Prime Minister of Australia

NO PROCESSES TYPES TOTAL (%)

1 Relational 103 42,7

2 Material 100 41,4

3 Mental 39 16,1

4 Verbal 11 4,5

5 Behavioral 10 4,1

6 Existential 4 1,6

Total 241 100%

From the findings above, it can be concluded that the most dominant

processes found in this speech is Relational processes and followed by Material

process and Mental Processes, next Behavioral process followed by Existential

processes and the least processes is Verbal process.

4.2. Findings

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Having performed the analysis above, these findings answer the third

problems of this thesis. It is found that there are 403 clauses consisting transitivity

verbs, they are Material processes, Relational processes, Verbal processes, Mental

processes, Behavioral process and Existential processes. The first Inauguration

speech delivered by John Howard found there are 162 clauses , these are 69

Relational processes, 44 Material Processes, and followed by 28 Verbal processes, 16

Mental processes, 3 Existential processes, and last, 2 Behavioral processes.

The second Inauguration speech delivered by Julia Gillard consists of 241

clauses, these are 103 Relational processes, 100 Material Processes, and followed by

39 Mental Process, 10 Behavioral Processes, 4 Existential processes, and last 11

Verbal processes. Based on the analyzed, the writer can find the percentage of

transitivity verbs by using Bungin’s formula. Such as follows:

Percentage of Relational Processes = 172/403 x 100%

= 42, 6 %

Percentage of Material Processes = 144/403 x 100%

= 35, 7%

Percentage of Mental Processes = 55/403 x 100%

= 13, 6 %

Percentage of Verbal Processes = 39 / 403 x 100%

= 9, 6 %

Percentage of Behavioral Processes = 12/ 403 x 100%

= 2, 9%

Percentage of Existential processes = 7/ 403 x 100%

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= 1, 7 %

Those mentioned percentages show that the process of the being or having are

predominated the texts which is realized by the Relational Processes (42, 6%),

followed by the Material Processes (35, 7%) as the second position, the Mental

Processes (13, 6%) and the Verbal Processes (9,6%) become the third and fourth, the

Behavioral Processes (2,9%) is in the fifth position, and finally the Existential

Processes (1,7%) is in the sixth position.

For more detail explanation we can see in the following table below:

NO PROCESS TYPES TOTAL %

1 Relational Process 172 42, 6

2 Material Process 144 35, 7

3 Mental Process 55 13, 6

4 Verbal Process 39 9, 6

5 Behavioral Process 12 2, 9

6 Existential Process 7 1,7

TOTAL 429 100

Relational process is the most dominant process found in those

selected speeches. Relational process is divided into two, they are Intensive

Attributive Process and Intensive Identifying Process.

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It is found that there are 47 relational processes relating to Intensive

Attributive process and 23 relational processes relating to Intensive Identifying

Process in the first speech text. There are 58 relational processes relating to Intensive

attributive Process and 44 relational processes relating to Intensive Identifying

process in the second speech text. From those findings, it is concluded that Intensive

Attributive Process is the most dominant found in both of speech texts.

My interpretation to the result of the analysis in the 2 inauguration speeches of

Australia Prime Ministers by John Howard and Julia Gillard contains about

experiences described by transitivity processes. The most dominant gained by

Relational process. It means that the meaning showed in those texts consist of

Relational Verbs. It portrays showed about the Relationships between the texts of

inauguration the speeches with the speaker or prime ministers, John Howard and Julia

Gillard who dominate.

In the case of Material Processes that dominated second position, it is

interpreted that texts of Inauguration Speeches showed consists of action verbs

realized through processes of doings and happenings. It is also the reason why the

Material Processes is in the second position.

The third position, the Mental and Verbal processes in inauguration speeches,

the meaning of the 2 selected speech texts are delivered by unreported speeches is

relatively small in frequency. Next, the total number of mental process implies about

feelings and senses.

The Behavioral process that found in those text contains of processes of

behaving relates to physiological and psychological behaviors.

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Finally, the Existential Process is rare to happen in those texts of inaugural

speeches. It means that existential process of existent relates to something exist or

happen.

These findings are true with Halliday’s statement (1994: 165) that “In the

attributive type, this is a distinct function analogous to the material initiator: the one

that brings about the attribution.” From this quotation, it can be concluded that

participants found in Intensive attributive carrier and attributive. Carrier is initiator

while attributive is the explanation that belongs to carrier as the initiator in the clause.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After describing the transitivity process and analyzing them, the writer comes

into some conclusions, as follows:

1. Relational process (42,6%) is the most dominant found in the Inaugural

speeches of Prime Ministers Australia, Julia Gillard and John Howard

followed by Material process (35,7%), Mental process (13,6%), Verbal

process (9,6%), Behavioral process (2,9%), and Existential process (1,7%).

2. As discussed in the previous chapter, the relational process become the most

dominant due to the relationship of carrier and attributive participants that

found through some verbs in the Inauguration Speech of Prime Ministers

Australia, John Howard and Julia Gillard.

3. While the Material processes are predominated due to action verbs that found

in some verbs in those texts of inauguration speeches. Mental and verbal

processes portrays attitude relating to feeling and sense of two prime ministers

of Australia, Julia Gillard and John Howard.

5.2 Suggestions

1. The writer suggests the readers especially learners concerning language to do

deeper study and research about transitivity systems in order to get a better in

understanding of transitivity.

2. The writer hopes the students can gain the knowledge from many sources

whether they are text books or research articles. Finally, it is expected that the

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future research can do the analysis other aspects of Lexicogrammar, for

instance, theme/rheme, mood/residue that applied to other texts. .

3. The writer hopes that she should enrich her knowledge about syntax

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bungin, Burhan. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Surabaya: Airlangga University

Enggins, Suzanne. 2004. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistic. New York: Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

Gerot, Linda and Peter Wignel. 1994. Making Sense of Functional. Sydney: AntiPodoan Educational Enterprises

Halliday, M. A. K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd Ed.), London:Edward Arnold

-----------------------. 1976. System and Function in Language. London: OxfordUniversity Press

----------------------. (1978). Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation ofLanguage and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold

Halliday-Hasan. 1992. Bahasa, Konteks, dan Teks. Yogyakarta: Gajah MadaUniversity Press

Halliday, M.A.K and Matthiessen C. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar(3rd ed.), London : Arnold

Kress, B. 1985. Ideological Structures in Discourse. London: Academic Press

McCharty, M. 1995. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. New York:Cambridge University Press

Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

Sinar, Tengku Silvana. 2003. Teori & Analisis Wacana (Pendekatan SistemikFungsional). Medan: Pustaka Bangsa Press

Stubbs, M. 1983. Discourse Analysis: The Socio Linguistic Analysis of NaturalLanguage. London: Basil Blackwell

Thompson, Geoff. 1996. Introducing Functional Grammar. Beijing: Edward Arnold

Usman, Husaini. 2009. Metodologi Penelitian Sosial. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara

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Speech, 2010. Available at:

http:// www_smh_com_au.mht, Accessed on 20 October 2010

http://en.wikipedia.org/free encyclopedia.mht, Accessed on 1 November 2010

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http://en.wikipedia.org/free%20encyclopedia.mht

Appendix 1:

The Transcript of:

John Howard

October 10th 2004

Ladies and gentlemen and my fellow Australians, can I say first of all that I am truly humbled by this extraordinary expression of confidence in the leadership of this great nation by the coalition and the first thing I say to the Australian people in accepting their charge to lead the nation over the years ahead, the first thing I say is to rededicate myself and all of my colleagues to the service of the Australian people.

This nation by reason of the circumstances of history and by reason of its great capacity and the great capacity and dedication of the Australian people, this nation stands on the threshold of a new era of great achievement.

This is a proud nation, a confident nation, a cohesive nation, a united nation, a nation which can achieve anything it wants if it sets its mind to it. An no Australian should ever shrink from a passionate belief in the ability and the capacity of this nation not only to provide a wonderful homeland for our 20 million, not only to be a partner with our friends in our own region but to be a beacon of democracy, of tolerance, of hope and of achievement all around the world.

The rest of the world sees us as a strong, successful nation and tonight the Australian people by their decision have declared themselves confident and hopeful about their future. And my task, my mission, my commitment to the Australian people is to lead them to the achievement of all of the opportunities that we have in the world. We have a strong economy, we are a nation that is respected around the world because we are prepared to stand up for what we believe in.

I want to thank the Leader of the Opposition Mark Latham for his gracious remarks tonight. He rang me before making his speech and I do warmly thank him for the gracious things that he said.

Ours is a great democracy, there can only be one winner when an election is held. You face that great moment of electoral judgment and electoral truth.

We are happy, we are joyful that the verdict has been given by the Australian people but never forget the fact that governments are elected to govern not only for the people who voted for them, but also for the people who voted against them.

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If I can address some remarks particularly, and I know the rest of my fellow Australians will understand my doing this, some remarks particularly to the two coalition parties. This is a truly historic achievement for our two parties. We have to reach back to the 1960s to find an occasion when an incumbent government has increased its majority on two successive occasions. That is an extraordinary achievement and when I look around the nation there is a wonderful story to be told of achievement in each of the different states of our nation but to all of my colleagues I express my thanks for their loyalty and their cooperation and their support, particularly during the weeks of this election campaign.

And may I especially say a few words about two very important colleagues of mine in the parliamentary party. Can I say to John Anderson, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Leader of the National Party, there is no finer human being in public life than John Anderson and the loyalty that he's displayed towards me, the leadership of his own party, the way in which he represents the interests of country Australia is a source of continued inspiration and help to me, and to John I say thank you for the friendship and the loyalty of these past years and the hope that it offers to the years ahead.

And the Deputy Leader of my own party, Peter Costello, the Treasurer, whose stewardship has given us one of the strongest economies in the Western World and also the strongest economic conditions that this country arguably has experienced since the end of World War II. Those two men and all of my other cabinet colleagues have represented a united team and we are here tonight, we've won our fourth successive victory. And we've won it for many reasons but one of the reasons that we have won it is that we have been a united team. We have worked together, we have been a team. We have not been a one-man band and to all of my colleagues I owe so much because theirs is the victory tonight as much as it is mine.

Can I also say a very special word of thanks to the Liberal Party organization around Australia. You cannot win elections without the assistance of a party organization. I cannot win elections without the assistance of people like you who are gathered here tonight to share this victory, and to Shane Stone, the Federal President of the Liberal Party, Shane I thank you very much for your leadership of the party. And to Brian Loughnane, the new Federal Director who has steered us at an organizational level to a wonderful victory on the first occasion that he's been at the helm of the organization, and to all of the other directors of the party around Australia that have made tonight possible, they have made the achievement that is represented by tonight possible, I express my tremendous gratitude and thanks.

Might I also say a very special word of gratitude to my staff. Being the staff of a prime minister is no easy task. Being the staff of a prime minister during an election campaign is an almost impossible task but they have carried it out with great dedication, great professionalism, and great goodwill and particularly can I express my thanks to Arthur Sinodinos and I guess the political steward of staff Tony Nutt.

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Probably one of the hardest jobs in an election campaign is to deal with the media of Australia and I therefore should thank Tony O'Leary for the tremendous work they have done.

It is a wonderful thing to be able to participate in a great democratic exercise like an election. It's nerve-wracking and like many of you in this room, I had butterflies in my stomach this morning. I happily confess to that and it's true and it's perfectly normal and it's perfectly human but we are privileged to be able to participate in the great exercise in democracy.

Let us remember that this very same day the people of Afghanistan have had an election and for the first time in years. That election has been made possible by reason of the fact that a number of countries, including Australia, were prepared to take a stand for democracy and to take a stand against terrorism. As the people of Afghanistan vote today, and particularly the women of Afghanistan, they have been so brutally suppressed for so long, we should be proud of the role that we have played in their liberating Afghanistan just as we should be proud of the role that Australia has played in many other areas in standing up for the values we believe in and the things we hold dear.

We rededicated ourselves to the service of the Australian people. We rededicate ourselves to the great ideals of the Australian nation. We rededicate ourselves to that passionate belief of mine that the things that unite Australians are infinitely more important and more enduring than the things that divide us.

And so, my friends, I thank you for the support that you've given me and to the broader Australian community, can I say again I cannot muster words adequate enough to express my sense of gratitude and humility at the great honour that you have again given me to lead this nation.

To be the prime minister of Australia is undoubtedly the greatest privilege that can come the way of any person. I will never forget, I will never loss contact with, I'll never misunderstand the nature of the honour and the privilege that's been given to me. I serve the Australian people and I commit myself to their service and their interest in the years ahead.

And finally, can I say on a personal note, that tonight is possible for me, as my eight-and-a-half years as prime minister have been possible for me, because of the tremendous support I have received from those of my immediate family who are on the stage with me tonight. We are two more than last time - Tim was over in England three years ago and Rowan and Melanie hadn't got married or hitched by then, so it's great to have Rowan with us on the platform tonight. And I have to say to Richard thank you very much for coming home briefly from the United States, and if I could extend the family bit could I also acknowledge the presence of two of my brothers

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here tonight and their families for the tremendous support they have given me over the years, it's always been very much a family thing for us, and to have you all here tonight is something that's very special to me.

So again I say to my fellow Australians, thank you for the enormous trust that you have placed in us. I said at the beginning of this election campaign that it was about trust, it was who the Australian people had trusted to manage the economy, to lead this nation at a time of international peril, who did the Australian people better trust to keep the budget strong, who did the people better trust to lead it. In the first part of the 21st century...

The Australian people have given their answer, we thank them for that, and we start work immediately to justify and fulfill the trust that they have given to all of us tonight.

Thank you very much.

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Appendix 2

The Transcript of:

Julia Gillard

July 2010

To be elected to this House as a Labor representative is a great honour. To be elected as the first woman ever chosen by the Victorian branch of the Labor Party to stand for an historically safe seat is more than a personal honour; it is a Labor landmark, as is the record number of Labor women sitting in this House. It is a cause for celebration and will inspire us to ensure that many more women follow us into this parliament. Having reached this place, my first task as the new member for Lalor is to thank the outgoing member, Mr Barry Jones, for his service to the local community over the past 21 years, for his contribution to Australian political life and for his personal support and encouragement.

Barry Jones has a unique place in Australian political life. Barry is famed throughout Australia for his intellect and is respected throughout Australia for his genuineness and compassion. In an age of cynicism about politicians, Barry Jones is one of the few politicians of whom Australians are truly fond. In the electorate of Lalor he is loved. While he will be sorely missed from this House, Barry will continue to serve the Labor Party as its national president and will continue his passionate engagement with Australia in his writing and public speaking.

The electorate of Lalor, so ably served by Barry Jones, is situated in Melbourne's outer west. Young families flock to Lalor and new housing estates are constantly being built. Part of Melbourne's industrial heartland, Lalor contains the Altona petrochemical complex, the Laverton industrial estate and the Toyota manufacturing plant, as well as the Point Cook and Laverton air bases. Far less well known and perhaps surprising to some, given the standard imagery of Melbourne's west, Lalor encompasses a significant agricultural precinct at Werribee South and throughout the electorate you find internationally protected wetlands. Lalor also contains major tourist attractions, including the historic Werribee Mansion, the open range zoo and the State Rose Garden.

As part of Melbourne's industrial west, the people of Lalor have always had to try harder. There is a sense of community and a fighting spirit often missing from the sleeker suburbs. That fighting spirit is now being called upon in a major community campaign to stop CSR turning the local quarry at Werribee into a toxic dump. There are only two reasons why Werribee has been selected as the site for this toxic dump: CSR wants to make money by filling its disused quarry with toxic waste and the Kennett government thinks Werribee is no more than a dumping ground because Melbourne's sewage farm is located there. But Premier Kennett and CSR are wrong.

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When the Victorian Premier turns to the west, he holds his nose and closes his eyes. If he opened his eyes, he would have seen the 15,000 Werribee residents who rallied to stop the dump. And by now he should be smelling the scent of a political defeat because this is a fight that Lalor, named for that great fighter against injustice Peter Lalor, will win.

The electoral division of Lalor has enjoyed great stability and quality in its parliamentary representatives. Since its creation in 1949, apart from the curious aberration of being represented by the Liberal Party for one parliamentary term, Lalor has been represented in this place by only three members: Reg Pollard, Jim Cairns, the famous antiwar advocate, and Barry Jones. Whilst its parliamentary representation may have been stable, like all of Australia, the electorate of Lalor has undergone a radical transformation since World War II. In Lalor, as in our nation generally, the twin forces of globalisation and rapidly changing technology, particularly information technology, have remade and will continue to remake our lives.

The prevailing mood of insecurity is an understandable community response to the swirling winds of change which threaten to blow us to unknowable destinations. In Hugh Mackay's Mind and Mood study and in Clemenger's Silent Majority report, we find a society in which individuals increasingly feel insecure and powerless to control their lives in the face of rapid economic restructuring and social change. Most tellingly of all, parents believe their teenagers are facing a tougher world than they themselves faced. As a community, in common with societies throughout the Western world, our response to insecurity has run from simple nostalgia to the spectacle of the frightened turning on the vulnerable. Endless remakes of the songs and movies of the 1960s and 1970s and the rise of reactionary politics have something in common—both seek a return to a mythical, simpler time, a deep and dreamless sleep.

Various conservative politicians, some with subtlety, some nakedly, have encouraged this dangerous trend. So-called `wedge politics' sells the big lie that the answer to insecurity is to tread on the weakest amongst us. This shabby opportunism has hurt many and helped none.

For far too long public debate in Australia has failed to nourish or inspire us. For far too long it has been limited to the day-to-day monitoring of the health of our economy rather than the morals and goals of our society. The end result of this political cycle is a weary people who no longer believe what politicians say and who think the politicians saying it do not even believe it themselves.

In my view, the electors of Lalor, and the Australian people, are looking for a return to passion and conviction in Australian politics and to the clear articulation of values. They rightly want to know what their politicians stand for, what we believe in

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and by what measures we are prepared to be judged. If the politics of values comes to the fore, then the Labor Party will win that contest. It is only the Labor Party that can claim to be based clearly upon a value system, a value system that has endured since the Labor Party's formation, even though the policies based upon those values are constantly revised in order to meet the needs of a changed and changing world.

We stand for the right of ordinary Australians—those who have neither wealth nor power—to a fair go, to be treated with dignity and respect in the workplace, to be recognised and valued as citizens and to have a say in their nation's future.

Our values are fundamentally democratic and collective. We understand the great enduring truth that individuals are immeasurably strengthened by being members of a team, of a society, and that a strong community provides the best platform from which individuals can excel. And we understand that the key aspiration of each generation of Australians is to ensure that the generation to follow, their daughters and sons, will lead a better life. These values—our core Labor values—are true signposts which take us beyond some of the sterile debates of the past.

Our conservative opponents would have Australians believe that our nation will only find its place in an open and competitive global economy if we sign up to the cult of individualism, to the survival of the fittest. By contrast, Labor—guided by our values—understands that, just like the most loving homes produce the confident kids who are able to face the world and take the risks necessary to get ahead, a nurturing and caring society is the best foundation for the individuals who will ensure Australia competes in the global market.

A strong economy and a strong society are not contradictory goals. Indeed, you can only achieve a sustainably strong economy by creating a strong society. A country is strengthened by individual security and national inclusiveness.

But security alone is not enough. A vision to satisfy Australians, a Labor vision, must also be a vision of opportunity, a vision whereby each and every Australian, no matter what their personal circumstances, is given an opportunity to develop and to excel, a vision whereby we can truly believe that the opportunities for the next generation will be better.

My personal story shows the difference that opportunity can make to a life. My father John and my mother Moira, who is watching from the gallery today, migrated to this country with my sister Alison and I as assisted passage migrants in 1966. Immigrants need courage and creativity; they need open minds and sturdy hearts. What the last red-headed woman who made a first speech in this place will never understand is that the vast majority of migrants come here determined to make a better life for themselves and their kids, and they are prepared to work unbelievably hard to achieve that dream.

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My father worked in a variety of blue-collar jobs before training as a psychiatric nurse. My mother worked as a domestic in an aged care institution. Between them they have contributed more to this country as workers, as citizens, than they ever cost it. And because they chose this country, while they still have their accents and their culture, they love this country and the lives they have made within it. Because they chose this country, they take nothing about it for granted: they celebrate and know its worth. And that is the truth of our history of migration, our history of multiculturalism.

In return, Australia has offered me opportunities that would have been beyond my parents' understanding when they stepped off that boat in Adelaide in 1966. It would have been inconceivable to them that their child, and a daughter at that, could be offered the opportunity to obtain two degrees from a university and to serve in the nation's parliament. I have only been able to take up those opportunities because of the excellent state education system which flourished in South Australia under the Dunstan Labor government and the access to universities made possible by the Whitlam government's abolition of up-front fees.

In coming to this House, I bring with me a passionately held view that it is fundamental to Labor's vision, to our compact with this and the next generation, that Australia not only offers the opportunities I enjoyed but offers the opportunity to train, to retrain, to excel, throughout life. Around the world now there is a trend back to the Centre Left, to social democratic parties that stress the importance of raising the educational standards of all citizens, not just a lucky few. This is because not only economists but ordinary people understand that the future of Australia and the future of themselves and their children is tied to educational success.

Australia cannot afford to waste talent. But, under this government, we are engaging in that shameful and cruel waste. We are denying Australians access to opportunity. In its 1996 budget, this government took $1.8 billion of public support away from our university system. The inevitable result has been a decline in the number of students starting courses at our universities. When the cuts took effect, Victoria tumbled from having the second highest growth rate in commencing enrolments to being the state with the biggest fall, a 4.7 per cent fall in commencing enrolments—a statistic which speaks of misery and lost opportunity.

Perhaps worst of all, under this government we have returned to a system of privilege rather than merit in our universities, a system of allowing the rich to buy a place while those with better entrance marks but not enough money miss out—a system which was eradicated by the Whitlam government when I was in primary school.

Of course, inequality in our education system is not just confined to higher education. Let me give you just one example involving my own electorate. High

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achievers are those talented young people who come in the top 7.5 per cent of results in their year 12 marks. Last year, one very good but very exclusive ladies college in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne alone had 111 high achievers in the pivotal subject of English. The 40 working-class secondary schools north and west of the Yarra, including the schools in my electorate, managed only 84 between them.

The students from my electorate are not any less intelligent than those from Higgins or Kooyong but their educational opportunities are not the same. Certainly, this massive discrepancy would be lessened if we as a nation were prepared to seriously tackle the inequality of opportunity that exists in our education system and create a high-class state school system. My predecessor, Barry Jones, used to say that unfortunately postcodes are probably the strongest factor in determining a person's expectations of success in life. It will be one of my priorities in politics to ensure that in the Australia of the future the famous quizmaster is, for once, wrong.

My passion for education is not only the product of my own personal experience; it is the result of having campaigned on these very issues as a university student. One of the features of this parliament is that every few elections there arrives a new generation of politicians distinctly different from the people who preceded them. People today make a lot of the new generation from the other side of this House who emerged from the battles with left-wing students on our campuses in the 1970s. I come from the generation of students who followed. Like them, we fought what we saw as self-indulgence and pampered extremism. Ours was a radicalism fashioned by a desire to be practical, much like my Welsh forebear, Nye Bevan, who was just one of the people from whom we took inspiration.

I will not pretend that the antics of a bunch of university students had much relevance to real working people, but we were always conscious that we were part of a wider movement to create a fairer society and give others the opportunities we were fortunate enough to have. We always understood the value of working collectively, of unionism. While experience in the student movement inspired those on the other side of the House to dedicate themselves to the destruction of unionism, it inspired us to work with and for unions. It inspired me to spend eight years as an industrial lawyer defending trade unions and working people. In this place, I will remain fiercely committed to working with unions and to working for fair industrial laws.

Our youthful anger may now be tempered by experience but the same beliefs in fairness and the same fire remain. Those friends from university have remained my comrades since the early 1980s. They are people of intelligence, public spiritedness and integrity. We stuck together and we retained our common goals. Today you can find them fighting in our great trade union movement to protect the jobs of timber workers, rubbish collectors, home care workers, nurses and Aussie post workers, defending injured workers in the courts and helping prepare the ALP for the new millennium.

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Today I pay tribute to them and especially to the most committed of them all, Michael O'Connor, who has been my closest confidant since those heady days. I would not have reached this place without his support and without the support of the friends and family members who care about me and have turned up in remarkable force today. My sincere thanks to: my mother, Moira; my father, John; my sister, Alison; her partner, Paul; and their children, Jenna and Tom. To Darrell Cochrane and Joan Kirner for never once wavering: my thanks. To Robyn McLeod: thanks for your friendship. To John Brumby, who so richly deserves to be the next Premier of Victoria: thanks for the opportunity to work with you and learn from you. To the member for Batman, Martin Ferguson: thanks for your help and personal support. And to my wonderful supporters in Lalor, including Terry Bracks, Henry Barlow and Fiona Richardson watching from the gallery today: I will do everything in my power to make you proud.

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