Chapter (1) General Definitions:

1-1 General The following words and expression shall have the meaning assigned to them: Approval: means approved by the Directorate General of Civil Defense. One of the approved specifications means one of the local, gulf or international specifications approved by the Directorate general of civil defense. Approved inspection body: means a local, gulf or international inspection body approved by the directorate general of civil defense. Special conditions: means conditions stated in chapters 9, 10 and 11.

1-2 Definitions: Building:

Any construction used to support or include any type of works

High Rise Building: And building which height exceeds 28 meters measured from pavement upto the

level of flooring of last occupied storey.

Mezzanine: A partial storey situated between the flooring and roof of any room or floor and

its area doesn’t exceed half area of this room or storey, if this percentage is exceeded, mezzanine shall be treated as an independent storey as to these conditions.

Underground structure – basement: As the definition stated in (10-1-2-1).

Open Air Structure: Any Storey which external walls are made with openings which percentage is not

less than 20% of the total area of the external walls of the storey, provided that the openings is distributed in a way that ensure appropriate ventilation of all parts of the related storey or the part thereon.

Means of Egress: Means of movement which is continuous and clear for safe egress incases of

emergency to the extend that the persons present at any point inside the building or establishment are able to move safely to the outside of the building in the opened air on the public roads.

2

Exit Access: The part of way of egress which leads to the exit.

Exit : Exit means that part of egress means separated from the other parts of the

building by fire proof elements in order to ensure protected movement route leading to the final exit, such as egress stairs and doors opening directly to outside

Exit discharge: Part of egress means which starts from the end of exit until the public road.

Yard: Its an open, unoccupied place which is uncovered by roof

Stairs: Mean of vertical movement between the storeys, in these conditions stairs means

all internal or external stairs used as an element of means of egress.

Smoke roof stairs: It is a stair protected from smoking passage resulting of fire; it consists of a

continuous stair separated from the other parts of the building by barriers which fire resistance is not less than 2 hours.

Ramps: The sloping route instead of stairs in movement from one level to another and in

this context it only means the ramps used as means and egress.

Horizontal Exit: A horizontal means of passing from the building to a temporary refuge area in

another building on the same level or a mean of passing through or around a fire fighting barrier to a temporary refuge area on the same level and in the same building where the occupants of the building shall have a temporary refuge place which is safe from fire risks and smoking resulting thereof.

Locked Door: The door which needs a key to be opened in order to get exit. The key may be

normal manual or may be mechanical or electrical opening device which can be control from distance.

Closed Door: A door which can be promptly opened and be used for exit without using keys.

3

Smoke Compartment: Any space inside a building when that space is circled by smoke barrier from all

sides including up and down (excluding outside facade and the last surface).

Fire compartment Any space inside the building when this space is circled with fire proof barriers of

all directions including up and down (as to the external façade, it may be sometimes excluded from this condition according to the location of the building as to the other buildings).

Smoke Barrier: Any continuous tissue, vertical or horizontal, such as walls, flooring, roof and last

surface and that tissue had been designed and executed to prevent smoke passage. A smoke barrier need not be fire proofed.

Fire Proof Barrier: Any continuous tissue, vertical or horizontal such as walls and roof and this tissue

had been designed and executed to resist fire spread for a pre determined time and also to prevent smoke passage.

Dead End: The part of corridor or space which doesn’t need an exit and accordingly when it

is passed a person must return again in order to reach the exit.

Common path of travel: The path of route to reach exits, through which a person must move before

reaching two separate ways of egress.

Travel Distance: The length of route between any points in the storey until the exit door,

movement distance is measured on the actual route access line of egress.

Occupants Load: The total number of persons probably present in the building or any part thereof

at any time.

Occupants Load Factor: The area expected for one person (sq.m / person):

Fire fighting Door: A door designed with its frame and accessories to resist smoke and fire passage

from the opening it covers for a predetermined period.

4

Interior Finish: Materials of opened internal surfaces of buildings including walls, flooring and

roofing surfaces.

Fire Resistance Rating: The time in minutes or hours, through which the material, barrier or element can

bear the fire in accordance with the inspection procedures stated in one of the approved specifications.

Flame Spread: It is the fast spreading of a flame on a surface.

Guard: A vertical guard to be built along the parts which doesn’t include stairs, balconies

and alike.

Handrail: It is beam, pipe, or something alike which purpose is to avail a mean for

supporting people during egress.

Occupancy: The purpose for which the building is used such as (industrial, residential

occupancy…..etc.)

Hazard of Contents: Contents hazards is divided into low, normal and high hazard

Low Hazard: Contents shall be low fire where self ignition fire is not probable.

Ordinary Hazard: Contents burn on moderate spread speed or remarkable amount of smoke

emerges and this is present in most of occupants.

High Hazard: Contents burn so quickly where explosions may result.

Automatic fire extinguishing Systems: A system designed and installed to detect fire and hence to send out the

extinguishers when the fire takes place without any need to human interference.

Emergency: Fire, explosion or any other hazardous case which directly threats safety of

people or may cause damages to properties.

5

Hazardous Areas: Those places of a building or an establishment which constitutes higher degree of

hazards than that of the building or establishment as per the type of occupancy, for example rooms where flammable or fast flame material are stored or used, boilers, heaters which works with fuel, laundries etc.

Hose Reel: It is fixed connection net work with continuous source feeding hoses which

diameter is 20 or 25 mm, used for first aid by ordinary person without a need to prior training.

Dry Riser: Fixed Installation net works, free from water which includes pushing points and

fire opening (exits with 2.5” dia. In accordance with the system used with the civil defense, distributed in the necessary places and used to assist civil defense individuals to push water to high storeys.

Wet Riser: Fixed Installation net works with continuous water source feeding fire openings

(exits) with 2.5” dia. In accordance with the system used by the civil defense individuals and used for fire fighting by civil defense man or by trained people.

Automatic sprinkler system: Net work which works to extinguish the fire by water automatically, they are of

different types as to performance.

Fire Hydrants: Installation network underground with continuous water source feeding fire

openings of normal measurements in accordance with the system used by civil defense personnel and used by civil defense teams to fight fire from outside the related building.

6

Chapter (2): Index General Conditions:

Subject

Page No

2-1 General 6 2-1-1 Aim 6 2-1-2 Application 6 2-1-3 Change of occupation 6 2-2 Competent Authority 6 2-3 Amendment 6 2-4 Inspection & Maintenance 6 2-5 Minimum required on buildings and establishments 7 2-6 Other Precaution 7 2-7 Other alternatives 8

7

Chapter (2): General Conditions 2-1 General 2-1-1 Aim:

The aim of these conditions is to provide the minimum requirements necessary to ensure integrity of lives and properties from fire and explosions hazards and other similar hazards.

2-1-2 Application: These conditions shall be applied on new buildings and also on buildings subject to amendment while the existing buildings are subjected to the subsequent instructions issued by the directorate general of civil defense and to observe the conditions stated in (2-1-3).

2-1-3 Type of Occupation: The type of occupation shall not be changed in any building or establishments or any part thereof unless and until the approval of civil defense has been obtained and after provision of the additional requirements which occurred due to the new status to ensure the terms of these conditions. The civil defense shall be entitled to reject the new status when the execution of the required conditions becomes impossible.

2-2 Competent Authority: It is the body authorized to apply these conditions, and it is represented by the Directorate General of Civil Defense or its representative including subsidiary departments or any other body considered appropriate.

2-3 Amendment: The directorate general of civil defense shall be entitled to amend these conditions as necessary.

2-4 Inspection and maintenance: A continuous maintenance shall be provided for all protection, alarm, fire fighting and equipment and any other equipment and machines required in these conditions. Maintenance shall be carried out by an approved body which is responsible for maintenance and inspections in periods to be determined by reference to any approved specifications in addition to the instructions issued by the directorate general of civil defense.

2-5 Minimum requirements on building and establishments. a) Each building or establishment shall be built and equipped and its

maintenance and operation shale b appropriately made to avoid major hazards on lives and to ensure safety of the building’s occupants from fire, smoke or fear arising during the time necessary for egress or during the period necessary for fire fighting.

b) Each building or establishment shall be provided with the necessary means of egress and other safety needs of appropriate type, number, location and capacity, taking into consideration type of occupancy, and physical ability of occupants, number of persons subjected to hazard, available means of protection, type and height of the building or establishment and other necessary factors to provide all occupants with the adequate degree of safety.

8

c) Means of egress shall be prepared and maintained in each building or establishment to provide egress ability from all parts of the building or establishment easily without any obstacles at all times when the building or establishment is occupied.

d) All exits shall be clear and easily seen and also clear guide marks shall be put on the corridors leading to exit, so that each person who is physically and mentally sound shall be able to know egress direction from any point.

e) When the artificial lights are required in the building or establishment, it shall include means of egress also to the extent that it shall be sufficient and reliable.

f) An alarm system shall be installed to warn the building’s occupants of fire in each building or establishment of occupancy volume or nature which makes occupants and able to feel the fire in the building when it arises.

g) A minimum of two separate means of egress shall be provided in each building, establishment or fire sector, or area if the area, type or nature of occupants of the building is of that which causes hazard to occupants during their attempt to use a single mean of egress which may probably closed due to fire and smoke. The two means of egress shall be prepared in a way that the probability of their breakdown together due to the same fire shall be minimized.

h) As to all buildings and establishments where the minimum safety condition is not available and which are considered unsafe due to inadequacy of means of egress or to the fact that it constitutes major fire hazard or if the type of occupancy doesn’t match the nature of the building it shall be removed or to make the necessary amendments so that it becomes safe, as per the conditions and instructions of the civil defense.

2-6 Other Precaution: Observance of these conditions is not considered justification to cancel or minimize other precautionary measurements necessary to the safety of building or establishment’s occupants.

2-7 Other Alternatives: Observance of this conditions doesn’t prevent use of other means of calculation, means of inspection, systems and protection equipment has alternatives to the requirement of these conditions, if this alternatives are of type, adequacy and fire fighting equal or exceeding the requirement in these conditions, provided that the technical and design documents proving the same shall be submitted and then approved by the civil defense.

9

Chapter (3): Index Conditions Related to site organization:

Subject

Page No

3-1: General Requirements:

9

3-2: Design of Streets and Roads:

10

3-3: Approaching distance 10

10

3- Chapter Conditions Related to site organization:

3-1 General Requirements:

A. Upon submission of drawings for approval, a site chart shall be enclosed with

appropriate drawing measurements on which the place of project, main entrances of the property, building/s required to be approved in addition to neighboring buildings and fields of use, fire hydrants locations, wet risers, measurements of streets, and parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments, and the names of surrounding streets shall be mentioned.

B. The building location shall be provided with an asphalt road or street to serve the civil defense’s machines and equipments to arrive easily to the nearest appropriate point to the building on one direction or more in accordance with these conditions, this shall be applied to the single buildings or to those which are part of complexes in one property.

C. Specific parking may be allocated on the street or road to serve the civil defense’s machines and equipments in parking and maneuvering. Incase of emergency the civil defense may use one quarter or more to be wholly allocated for this purpose.

D. Appropriate warning and traffic signs shall be put to prevent stopping in parking and places allocated for civil defense machines and equipments and this shall be made by pre coordination with the competent bodies in each emirate. Likewise, guidance marks shall be put to indicate all needs and equipments of fire fighting present in the site in accordance with the instructions of civil defense.

E. A guide line chart shall be put within a frame to be fixed in the main entrance of the property and the main entrance of the building showing all information related to fire fighting and prevention requirements in the project, the most important of which is the main entrances of the property and buildings, surrounding and internal streets, nature of use of the building, hazardous places, fire hydrants, risers, water spigot, sprinklers, pumps, rooms, ventilation openings and information necessary regarding systems of used fuel and other necessary information.

F Spaces prescribed in building system for industrial areas and complexes shall be used to serve the purposes of fire prevention according to the conditions of civil defense, such as provision of spaces, portioning between buildings or borders of properties or provision of a space for civil defense individuals and equipment works, the partitioning space between the buildings shall be reasonable and adequate to prevent movement of fire between neighboring buildings, in accordance with the conditions included in chapter (6).

11

3-2: Design of Streets and Roads: Adequate streets and roads shall be provided to arrival of civil defense’s machines and equipments to the building and all such streets and roads shall be subjected to the following specifications: 1. The width shall not be less than 6 meters and this shall also be applied to the gates

arising in the roads. 2. The net height of the gates and bridges occurring on roads shall not be less than

4.5 Meters. 3. Sloping of streets and roads shall not exceed -10% 4. Half Horizontal sloping diameters of internal roads shall not be less than 16 Meters 5. All streets shall be paved with concrete or asphalt and shall also be designed to

bear the loads arising of passage of civil defense machines and equipments and shall not be less than 30 tons.

6. Incase there is dead end which length exceeds 45 meters in any street or road allocated to serve civil defense machines and equipments, a round about shall be made at the end of the road and half of its diameters shall not be less than 16 meters.

7. If distance conditions required passage of civil defense machines inside the property, an entrance which width is not less than 6 meters and height not less than 4.5 m shall be made as the entrance of the property.

3-3 Approaching distance a) The type of civil defense machines and equipments expected to be used and the

distance between the parking point of these machines and equipments as to the building facades, number of these facades shall be determined in accordance with the building volume and height as per table (3-1) in addition to these conditions and special conditions.

b) If there are balconies or windows allocated to rescue, the arrival distance to these windows and balconies shall be to the limits of 10 to 15 meters. This condition of distance shall also be applied to emergency and exits of the underground storeys.

c) Where there are risers, the fire pump vehicle shall be availed to reach to a distance not exceeding 45 meters as to these risers.

d) Clear passage shall be made which shall not be less than 2 meters to enable passage of civil defense individuals throughout the distances between civil defense machines and equipments and points specified in these conditions whether this points are risers, main exit or otherwise.

12

Table (3-1), type of equipment, arrival distance, arrival points and number of facades: Height of the building as to storey

Volume of the bldg (1000 M3)

Type of necessary civil defense machine

Max. distance

Arrival points and number of facades.

1. Any volume Fire pump 45 Main exits Less than 7 Fire pump 30 Main exits 7-27 Fire pump 18 One façade or more +

main exits More than 27-57 Fire pump 18 Two facades + main

exits More than 57-85 Fire pump 18 Three facades + main

exits

2.

More than 85 Fire pump 18 all facades Less than 7 Automatic ladder

+ fire pump 10-15 At least one façade +

main exits 7-28 Automatic ladder

+ fire pump 10-15 Two facades+ main

exits More than 28-57 Automatic ladder

+ fire pump 10-15 Three facades + main

exits

3 or more

More than 57 Automatic ladder + fire pump

10-15 all facades

13

Chapter (4) Index: Classification of buildings and establishment as per contents’ hazards and type of occupancy:

Subject

Page No

4-1 Classification as per contents’ hazard. 12 4-1-1- General 12 4-1-2 Contents’ hazard: 12 4-1-2-1 Low hazard: 12 4-1-2-2 Ordinary hazard: 12 4-1-2-3 High hazard: 12 4-2 Classification as to occupancy type 12 4-2-1 Group A: assembly occupancies: 13 4-2-2 Group B: Educational occupancy: 13 4-2-3 Group C: Punitive occupancy and care occupancy: 13 4-2-4 Group: D Residential occupancy 14 4-2-5 Group: E: Administrative and professional

occupancy: 14

4-2-6 Group: F: commercial occupancy: 14 4-2-7 Group: G: industrial occupancy: 14 4-2-8 Group: H: Storage occupancy: 15 4-2-9 Group: I: High hazard occupancy: 16 4-3 Other buildings: 16 4-4 Change of occupancy type: 16

14

Chapter (4). Classification of buildings and establishments as per contents’ hazards and type of occupancy:

4-1 Classification as per contents’ hazard. 4-1-1 General a) Contents’ hazard stated in these conditions means the proportional hazards of

commencement and spread of fire in addition to hazards of smoke and gases resulting of fire, explosions hazard and other accidents which may expose lives to hazard.

b) Civil defense is the body which determines the degree of contents’ hazard, with reference to the nature of contents, activities and production operations which takes place within the building or establishment and by reference to an approved specification if necessary.

c) Incase of various main contents hazard degrees in several parts of the building, the building’s classification shall be made on the basis of the higher hazard degree, unless such parts has been separated from each other as per the conditions stated in (4-5)

4-1-2 Contents’ hazard: contents hazard in buildings and establishments are classified into low, ordinary or high hazard.

4-1-2-1 Low hazard: it is the contents’ hazard which is of low burning, means that there is no probability of self ignition.

4-1-2-2 Ordinary hazard: it is the hazard of contents’ which burns in average spreading speed or that which emerge remarkable quantities of smoke.

4-1-2-3 High hazard: this is a hazard of contents which burns very fast or which may result on explosions.

4-2 Classification as per type of occupancy: Buildings and establishments are classified into the following groups as per the

type of occupancy. 4-2-1 Group A, gathering occupancy, divided into the following groups a-1 Theaters – this is gathering of individuals in order to product and view place and

similar activities and it will usually be provided with fixed seats such as theaters, opera house, cinemas, broadcasting and TV studios which have seats for audience.

a-2 Gathering of individuals in closed halls, with or without audience for the purpose of entertainment or fun in addition to provisions of some place or cinema shows, lectures without having theater stage except the ordinary pallet and it is usually without fixed seats, such as lecture rooms, exhibition halls, wedding halls, dancing halls, art works display halls, passenger stations,(buses, trains, airports, ports) court halls, libraries, museums,, restaurants, halls of multiple purpose in schools and otherwise, games halls, bowling halls, gymnasium halls.

a-3 Gathering of individuals in closed sports halls, with or without grandstands (excluding halls stated in group A -2, such as closed sports grandstands, closed swimming pools, skating halls.

a-4 Gathering of individuals in closed religious place, such as mosques

15

a-5

Gathering of individuals in open areas such as amusement centers, opened sports grandstands, eid prayers area, opened exhibitions.

4-2-2 Group B: Educational occupancy: as per the definition stated in (9-2-1-1), such as schools, nurseries, kindergartens (more than five children of two years and half or more in age).

4-2-3 Group C: punitive occupancy and care occupancy: Divided into the following groups

c-1 Reformatory & punitive occupancy: This is the buildings which include different degrees of security control and movement restrictions, occupied by individuals who are not able to control themselves alone, such as prisons, detention wards in police stations, reformatories, detain areas, psychological disease hospital with places for detention, quarantine.

c-2

Care occupancy: buildings which include persons in need of care due to their psychological or health conditions (no restriction of freedom) such as care houses, children orphanage, nurseries (more than five children whose age is less than 2 and half years, elders houses, hospitals, medical units (with areas for sleeping, treatment and rehabilitation clinics, reformatories without detention areas, physiological disease hospital without detention areas).

4-2-4 Group: D Residential occupancy: this is a building used for accommodation and sleeping, excluding group C occupancy, they are divided in the following groups:

d-1 Hotels & Resorts include all buildings used for temporary accommodation for more than 16 persons and residence of a person will not exceed 30 days, likewise group accommodation for more than 16 people who are not from the same family such as hotels, motels, resorts, furnished apartments, hostels in schools, institutes, universities, Youth houses, sleeping wards, labor accommodations.

d-2 Residential flats buildings, include all buildings which contains not less than three separate residential units allocated for permanent accommodation, each residential unit contains a kitchen and bathroom. This group also includes furnished apartments which are used for permanent accommodation.

d-3 Single family / multi family’ buildings: this includes all buildings which contain one residential or two residential units for permanent accommodation, each residential unit are occupied by the same family members such as Shabiat areas and villas.

4-2-5 Group: E: Administrative and professional occupancy: the buildings in which administrative and professional non industrial services are practiced such as banks, beautician and saloons, clinics and dentistry, post offices, admin and professional offices, civil defense departments and centers municipalities, civil services offices, police station offices, wire and wireless communication equipment buildings, broadcast and TV stations, control towers in airports, cars showrooms, cars laundries, clinics without place for sleeping, typing centers, translation offices, consultancy offices, veterinary hospitals, educational buildings in universities (including classes which capacity is less than 50 persons, educational laboratories).

16

4-2-6 Group: F: commercial occupancy: The buildings where goods are displayed and stored such as commercial outlets, shops, shopping malls, shopping centers, commercial showrooms, halls, supermarkets, food and consumable stuff selling markets, car service stations.

4-2-7 Group: G: industrial occupancy: Buildings in which manufacturing, assembling, production of materials and other products are carried out, such buildings are divided into the following groups.

G-1 Group: G1: industrial occupancy of ordinary hazard, such as laboratories which include flammable materials and liquids such as energy stations, laundries, dry cleaning outlets, bakeries, manufacturing of cycles, buildings of vessels and boats, manufacturing of stationery equipment, manufacturing of photocopying equipments, canning including food products, cloths, manufacturing of powder milk, manufacturing of anti septic, manufacturing of electronics, manufacturing of motors and machines, manufacturing of textiles, cotton, tents, carpets and jute, manufacturing of cannabis, manufacturing of vegetable oil, manufacturing of carton , manufacturing of furniture and upholstery workshops, manufacturing of tobacco, manufacturing of all types of cars, manufacturing of photographic films, treatment of food, clothes laundry, manufacturing of wooden works, manufacturing of cartoon films for cinema and TV, manufacturing of musical instrument, manufacturing of paper and its products, plastic products, printing and publication, waste burning areas, shoes manufacturing, manufacturing of soaps and cleaning items, sugar labs, manufacturing of aero planes, manufacturing of sport equipments .

G-2

Industrial occupancy of low hazard such as beverages, manufacturing of ice, manufacturing of gypsum, pottery and crockery, bricks, concrete and glass products, mineral casting, manufacturing and assembling of minerals, small workshops, (electronic repairing workshops, welding, plumbing, mechanical, lathe), water pumping stations.

4-2-8 Group: H: Storage occupancy: Buildings used to store and accommodate commodities, products, goods, cars or

animals and divided into: Group H-1: Storage occupancy of ordinary hazard

Buildings on which ordinary hazard contents are stored such as, bags, clothes, papers, jute, bamboo baskets, belts made of clothes and leather, books, shoes, cartons, garments, ropes, furniture, fur, leather, glue, gum, leather, livestock yard, used furniture warehouses, cars repairing workshops, lubricants with 93 C. or more degrees point warehouses, closed parking areas, silk, soap, sugar, tobacco and cigarettes, upholstery furniture, brushes, candles. Group H2: Storage occupancy with low hazard: Buildings in which low hazard contents are stored (such contents may be put inside carton boxes or hold on wooden pallets, but plastic packing materials must be very limited and shall not exceed thin plastic tissues or plastic handles), such as juice and beverages, cement packed in bags, chokes, cheese and milk

17

products, dry batteries, electric coils, electric angles, food products, non flammable containers including foodstuff, fresh vegetables and fruits packed in boxes or non plastic containers, frozen foodstuff, glass, empty glass bottles, non glass bottles filled with non flammable liquids, gypsum boards, meat, metal safes, minerals, mirrors, empty metal cans, electric angles including transformers filled with oil, parking areas, opened from sides, porcelain, electrical washing machines.

4-2-9 Group: I: High hazard occupancy: Buildings and establishments which include main occupancy allocated for manufacture, production, generation, use or storage of hazardous materials in large quantities such as explosives, oxidizing materials, fast flammable gases and liquids, flammable gases and liquids in huge quantities, warehouse and stores of hazardous materials in big quantities. Burnable dust, burnable fibers, fast flammable solid items, radiant materials, toxic materials, processing and manufacturing of chemicals, distillation of alcoholic materials, fodder factories, mills, painting and varnish factories, plastic and rubber processing, painting by splashing processes, paper waste processing establishments, rubber tyres stored in big quantities.

4-3 Other buildings: Each building which is not under the classification stated in 4-2 shall be classified as per the recommendation of the directorate general of civil defense, based on the expected hazard degree and nature of the building use.

4-4 Change of occupancy type: The occupancy of the building or any part thereof shall not be changed contrary to the type authorized to it or contrary to these conditions. If there is any need to change the type of occupancy, a prior license shall be obtained from the directorate of civil defense and the required conditions for the new occupancy shall be implemented, the civil defense may not grant license incase there is no ability to implement the required conditions on the new occupancy.

4-5 Separation between combined occupancies: 4-5-1 Combined occupancies shall be separated from each other by bars with fire

resistance degree not less than the values stated in Table 4:1

4-5-2 Incase there are various inter related types of occupancy in the same building to the extent that the required separation cannot be carried out practically, the building shall be classified as per the more serious type of occupancy, but if there are types of occupancy with minor role in comparison with the activities and operations related to the main common occupancy, the building shall be classified on the basis on the main occupancy type.

18

Table: 4-1: Resistance degree of bars separating between various types of

occupancy: (Hour)

Group of Occupancy i h g f e d c b A

Group of occupancy

I1 H2 H1 G2 G1 F1 E1 D1 D2 D3 C1 C2 A1 A5 High hazard I - 3 3 3 3 3 3 * * * * * * * * * * *

H - 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Storage G - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 F - 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Industrial E - 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Commercial D - 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Admin./ professional

C - 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

B - 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Residential

- 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 A - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Punitive /

care - 2 2 2 2 2 2 Educational - 1 1 1 1 1

A1 - 1 1 1 1 A2 - 1 1 1 A3 - 1 1 A4 - 1

Combination

A5 - * Not allowed.

19

Chapter: 5 Means of Egress

Subject Page No. 5-1 General 18 5-1-1 Definition 18 5-1-2 Application in all buildings and establishments. 18 5-1-3 Separation of means of egress: 18 5-1-4 Exits: 18 5-1-4-1 Corridors: 18 5-1-4-2 Interior finish of exits: 19 5-1-5 Net height of means of egress: 19 5-1-6 Main components of means of egress: 19 5-2 Doors : 19 5-2-1-1 General: 19 5-2-1-2 Special arrangements: 19 5-2-1-3 Automatic doors: 20 5-2-1-4 Revolving doors: 21 5-2-1-5 Self closing tools (springs). 21 5-2-2 Stairs: 21 5-2-2-1 Measurements: 21 5-2-2-2 Stairs stretch: 21 5-2-2-3 Slopping stairs: 22 5-2-2-4 Spiral stairs: 22 5-2-2-5 Discontinuous of a stair: 22 5-2-2-6 Building Condition: 23 5-2-2-7 Guidance signs: 23 5-2-2-8 Protection from fire and smoke: 23 5-2-3 Stairs protected from smoke: 23 5-2-3-1 Definition: 23 5-2-3-2 Protected Stairs Access: 23 5-2-3-3 Ventilation: 23 5-2-3-4 Stairs protected from smoke: 25 5-2-4 Definition: 25 5-2-5 Bridges, Balconies and outside Windows: 26 5-2-6 Ramps 26 5-2-7 Exit Paths: 27 5-2-8 Escalating stairs and corridors: 27 5-2-9 Special methods of egress: 27 5-2-9-1 General: 27 5-2-9-2 Vertical Fixed Stairs: 28 5-2-9-3 Sloping fixed stairs: 28 5-2-9-4 Automatic emergency stairs 28

20

5-2-9-5 Rescue and Ventilation Windows: 28 5-3 Means of egress capacity: 28 5-3-1 General 28 5-3-2 Definitions 29 5-3-3 Occupancy Load: 30 5-3-4 Assessment of means of egress capacity : 30 5-4: Number of means of egress: 30 5-5 Arrangement of means of egress: 31 5-6 Dead End: 31 5-7 Common path of travel: 31 5-8 Movement Distance: 32 5-9 Exit Discharge (Ultimate Exit) 32 5-10: Handrails and Guards: 33 5-11 Directive signs of means of egress: 34 5-12 Emergency lighting:

34

21

5 Chapter Means of Egress

5-1 General 5-1-1 Definition

a) Means of egress means movement method/s, continuous and clear to escape safely in case of emergencies, so that the persons present at any point inside the building or establishment are able to move safety to outside the building in the open area on the public road. b) methods of escaping includes vertical, horizontal and sloping routes and it consists of various elements such as corridors, stairs, balconies, bridges, ramps, doors, halls and others.

5-1-2 Application in all buildings and establishments occupied by human beings there shall be suitable means of escape pursuant to the conditions of this chapter in addition to the special conditions.

5-1-3 Means of escape consists of three main parts, namely : Exit Access : this is the part which leads to the exit door Exit: This is the part separated from the other parts of the building by fire resisting elements in order to ensure protective movement route leading to the ultimate exit, such as egress stairs and doors which open directly to outside in the ground floor Exit Discharge: (ultimate exits): This is a part which starts from the end of exit until the public road.

5-1-4 Separation of means of egress:

5-1-4-1 Exits: a) exits shall be separated from the other parts of the building in order to protect them from fire and smoke hazard with barriers made of non burnable materials which are of high fire resistance degree, in accordance with the following: * Not less than one hour if the exit joins between three storeys or less. * Not less than two hours if the exit joins between four storeys or more. b) all openings joining between storeys and exits shall be protected by fire resistant doors which achieves the conditions stated in (6-3-6) and it shall be closed automatically or self closing, shall be of fire resistance degree in accordance with the condition in 6-3-6-2).

22

c) no other openings shall be made which breaks through the exit except for the openings necessary to pass the electrical cables which feed the exit lighting, require egress doors and channels necessary to the stairs pressure system, water pipes necessary to cool the exit or to feed the sprinklers system or risers, likewise no openings which join the neighboring exit shall be made. d) The exit shall constitute a continuous unit protected from fire to avail continuous egress upto the final exit. e) It will never be allowed to use exits for other purposes such as storage or otherwise.

5-1-4-2 Corridors: if corridors are used as routes as exit discharges and it used to serve an area which occupants exceed 30% it shall be separated from the other parts of the building by barriers which fire resistance degree is not less than one hour.

5-1-5 Interior finish of exits: the material used in the interior finishing of exit shall be non burnable and the interior finishing of the walls and roofs of exits shall be from category A as per the conditions stated in (6-6) unless the special conditions permitted otherwise

5-1-6 Net height of means of egress: a) The net height of means of egress shall not be less than 220 cm, and incase there is any protrusion overhang in the roof, and then the net height shall not be less than 200 cm for such protrusion. b) The net height for stairs shall be measured from any point on the sloping level of stairs to appoint above it down the sloping roof, and the net height shall not be less than 200 cm in this part, (Figure 5/1).

5-2 Main components of means of egress: 5-2-1 Doors : 5-2-1-1 General:

A Doors stated in this article shall mean all doors used in means of egress

including all its components such as frames, shutters, tools and others.

B Door width: when measuring the door with, the net width upon opening the door shutter shall be taken, figure (5/2). Incase the door is divided into two parts or more by a column; the net width shall be taken each part separately by the same means. The net width of a single door used as a mean of egress element shall not be less than 85 cm, not more than 120 cm.

23

C The difference between the flooring levels on the two sides of the door shall not be more than 13 mm for a distance not less than the width of the door itself.

D Except as permitted under the special conditions, the door shutter movement shall be normal with side hinges, while the other types such as sliding doors, shall not be used except for the limited cases permitted under the special conditions and after the approval of the civil defense has been taken, provided that it can be easily opened manually and that guidance marks shall be fixed on them to indicate the way of opening them.

E All doors separating between storey and exits, exits and public door and the doors serving the high hazard areas or serving rooms or areas which occupants exceeds 50 persons shall open to the direction of egress, when used as a component of means of egress.

F The movement of door shall not affect the capacity of means of egress to which it leads, figure (5/3), as follows:

1 The door movement shall not constitute an obstacle to use means of egress generally.

2 The door shall not minimize the width of stairs, stretch, corridor or any other part of means of egress components by more than half of the required width. Upon maximum opening of the door, it shall not stick out from the wall more than 18 cm, figure (5/3).

3 When the door opens on a stairs, a stretch with width not less than the door width shall be provided.

G The doors shall be easily open and in general the force necessary to open the door in full shall not exceed 133 nueton on the door handle.

H There should be a way to open the doors from inside the building when there are persons therein, and the means of closing and fixing the doors shall be of the type that doesn’t require special key or knowledge to open the doors.

I Latch: the door latch or any other means of fixing shall be equipped with handle, hand or any other means which can be easily opened and can be moved to open the doors under all conditions of lighting, provided that the opening shall be made with one movement only.

J No barriers, ropes or chains which may make movement difficult in the means of egress shall be put.

5-2-1-2 Special arrangements: A) If the nature of the place requires specific arrangements for measurements due

to security or other reasons, which may restrict the movement of using means of egress, this shall be after obtaining the approval of civil defense and each case shall be considered separately. Upon approval the necessary arrangements shall be made to facilitate the use of means of egress promptly on emergencies.

24

In all special cases where the approval is made to use electrical locks as a mean to lock doors, opening of locks shall be available as follows:

1 Automatically when the alarm system or water sprinklers system works, and 2 Automatically when the electrical current is disconnected. 3 Manually after pressing manual means of opening.

B) The door shall not be locked with keys unless in the cases permitted under the

special reasons.

5-2-1-3 Automatic doors: the automatic doors which open by light cell when people come near to it (or by any other automatic means) shall be equipped with manual mean to open and close them easily when the automatic mean has broken down.

5-2-1-4 Revolving doors: revolving doors are not admitted as an element of means of egress components.

5-2-1-5 Self closing tools (springs): the door located in the egress path must be closed, such as spare doors, it shall be equipped with self closing means (springs) of an approved type so that it can fully close the door after been opened, and if the nature of use required that the door must be left open, an automatic closing mean shall be provided.

5-2-2 Stairs: in this chapter the stairs means all internal or external stairs used as means of egress, the net width of a stair is the net width between the wall and the rails.

5-2-2-1 Measurements: a) measurements of the stairs shall be as stated in the following table:

Minimum net width of stairs * 110 cm Maximum height of the stair pillar 18 cm Minimum height of stair pillar 11 cm Minimum depth of stairs 28 cm Minimum net height of stairs 200 cm * The following exception shall be considered

* If the area of the typical floor doesn’t exceed 600 M2 and when there are two

stairs for egress, one of the two stairs may be to the width of 100 cm.

* The net width of a stair may be 90 cms, if the total occupancy load of the building doesn’t exceed 50 cm.

B) Other specifications:

25

In addition to the figures stated in the previous article the following specs shall be available in the stairs:

1. The stairs width shall be sufficient to include the building’s occupants during the egress.

2. The stairs shall be made in stages each stages end with a stretch, and the difference in height between two neighboring stretches shall not exceed 370 cm.

3. The total of consequent stairs in one stage shall be equal in depths and height and a difference in the measurements of two neighboring stairs shall not exceed 5 mm and a difference of 10 mm can be permitted between the bigger and smaller height or depth as to the stairs of one stage.

5-2-2-2 Stairs stretch: The stretch shall be even and there shall not be any grades within one stretch, the width of a stretch shall not be less than the width of the stairs except for the stretches which divide the straightness of that stairs (stage) to two divisions or more, as the width of the stretch may be decreased to 120 cm.

5-2-2-3 Slopping stairs: sloping stairs may be used as a mean of egress provided that the minimum depth of the stair (stretch) shall not be less than 20 cm measured on a distance of 30 cm from the narrow end of that stair, also the internal half diameter shall not be less than double the net width of the stairs (Figure 5-4).

5-2-2-4 Spiral stairs: spiral stairs shall not be considered as a competent of means of egress except for special cases and within the following conditions.

1. The occupancy load of the part served with the spiral stairs shall not be less than (5).

2. The net width of the stairs shall not be less than 7 cm.

3. The highest of the stair pillar shall not be less than 24 cm

4. The net height shall not be less than 200 cm 5. The depth of the stairs shall not be less than 20 cm on a point 30 cm far from

the narrow end of the stairs. 5-2-2-5 Discontinuous of a stair:

When the stair continues to a level lower than the ground floor level, this continuity shall be cut by barriers, doors or any other efficient mean, except for the cases when the stairs continue to the height of a floor only under the ground floor level.

26

5-2-2-6 Building Condition: All stairs with all its components shall be made of non burnable materials, with solid and continuous building and the flooring of all stairs parts shall be solid, anti slipping and not punctured. Stairs shall not be used for other purposes such as storage and others.

5-2-2-7 Guidance signs: If the stairs is allocated to serve four floors or more, guidance signs shall be kept near stair’s doors from inside to indicate the number of the floor to which such doors leads, the sign shall be put on the height of 150 cm above the stretch and shall be easily visible whether the door is open or closed.

5-2-2-8 Protection from fire and smoke:

5-2-2-8-1 Internal stairs: a) all internal stairs used as exits shall be separated from the other parts of the building with fire and smoke resistant barriers and shall be non burnable with fire resistance degree in accordance with the conditions stated in (5-1-4) b) all walls and external openings surrounding the stairs shall be protected if there is probability that the stairs shall be exposed to fire due to the internal spreading threat resulting of the other parts of the building with an angle less than 180 Deg. Protection shall be made on horizontal extension not less than 3 meters with fire resisting degree not less than one hour for walls and 45 minutes for doors and windows, (figure 5-5-)

5-2-2-8-2 External Stairs: All external stairs shall be separated from the other parts of the building by fire and smoke resisting barriers with the same degree required for internal stairs, (Fig. 5-6-A) and figure (5-6-B).

5-2-3 Stairs protected from smoke:

5-2-3-1 Definition: it is a stair protected against passage of smoke resulting of fire. It composes of continuous stairs separated from other parts of the building with barriers with fire resisting degree is not less than two hours. The protected stairs are reread in the areas determined under the special conditions.

5-2-3-2 Protected Stairs Access: Access to protected stairs shall be through an outside balcony or ventilated lobby (Fig. 5-7), the stairs protected by pressure system shall be excluded from this condition.

5-2-3-3 Ventilation: ventilation shall be made by one of the following means: 1) Natural ventilation

27

2) Mechanical ventilation 3) Pressure system 5-2-3-3-1 Natural ventilation: incase of natural ventilation is being used; it shall be

made as per the following specs. 1. The ventilated lobby or a balcony shall be separated from the other part of

the building as per figure (5-7) 2. The ventilation opening area in the ventilated lobby shall not be less than 1.5

M2, and shall be open on the external walls or on an opened area which width is not less than 6M, and the ventilation opening shall be fully opened without installing any windows thereon.

3. The width of the ventilated lobby shall not be less than the width of the corridor leading thereto and its length shall not be less than 185 cm on the egress direction.

5-2-3-3-2 Mechanical ventilation: incase mechanical ventilation is used it shall be according to the following specs.

1. The ventilated lobby shall be separated from the other part of the building as stated in figure (5-7)

2. The width of the lobby shall not be less than 100 cm and the length shall not be less than 175 cm at the direction of egress.

3. The lobby shall be ventilated with air change rate not less than one time per minute and the air sucking rate shall not be less than 150% of air supply rate and separate and special channels shall be installed for each of sucking and supply systems.

4. The lobby roof shall be higher than the access door to a height not less than 50 cm.

5. The height of supply opening shall not be less than 50 cm from the lobby flooring level and the sucking opening shall not be lower than 15 cm from the lobby roof level.

6. The stairs shall be provided with a spigot to release the excess pressure from up and the stairs shall be mechanically supplied with air to discharge not less than 2500 cu.ft per minute through excess pressure discharge spigot and shall preserve positive pressure not less than 25 pascal inside the stairs as to the lobby when all doors are closed.

5-2-3-3-3 Stairs Pressure System: A) When rely on the pressure system to protect the stairs from smoke, an

accredited engineering system shall be used to achieve positive difference in pressure within the stair case as to the other places which shall not be less than 25 pascal and the system shall be able to maintain this pressure difference under all circumstances such as wind and chimney effect, existence of two open doors and others, likewise the pressure difference between the doors shall not exceed the limit which require force exceeding 133 neuton to open the door.

28

B) The equipment and channels related to pressure system shall be put in the following places:

1. Outside the building and directly joined with the stairs through channels put inside a non flammable construction.

2. Inside the stair case where the entry and exit of air shall be directly or through channels situated inside a construction which fire resistance rate is not less than two hours.

3. Inside the building if they are separated from other parts of the building with barriers which fire resistance rate is not less than 2 hours.

5-2-3-3-4 Operation: The mechanical ventilation systems and pressure systems shall be operated

by all the following means: 1) The smoke detector situated on a distance not exceeding 3M from the protected stairs entrance. 2) By control key which can be manually operated and shall be situated in an easy accessible place by the civil defense such as the ground floor hall or the control room. c) By a sign from water sprinkler system in case such system is available. d) by assign from the general alarm system in the building

5-2-3-3-5 Reserve Energy: The mechanical ventilation system and the pressure system shall be joined by a reserve source (Generator) in addition to the main source of electricity and the reserve source shall be able to operate the system for at least two hours without need to re-provide it with fuel.

5-2-3-4 Exit Discharge: (ultimate exit): except the cases permitted under the special conditions, the protected stairs shall be discharged to the public road or to a corridor leading directly to outside in which case this corridor must be without openings except the stairs doors or the door leading to the public road and such corridor shall be encircled with elements which fire resistance rate shall not be less than the fire resistance rate of the stair itself.

5-2-4 Horizontal exits and temporary refuge areas: A Horizontal exits are horizontal means of egress from the building to a

temporary refuge area in another building or from fire sector to temporary refuge area within another fire sector in the same building and in the same level where it provides a temporary and safe refuge area for the persons who are exposed to fire risk, Fig. 5-8.

B The temporary refuge area to which the horizontal exits lead, shall constitute separate fire sector with fire resistance rate not less than 2 hours and if the horizontal exit is within the fire resisting wall, it shall be covered with a door which fire resistance rate is not less than 90 minutes and it shall be either self closing or automatic and opening at the egress direction.

29

C Horizontal exits may be a substitute for half of the original exits required and the distance and capacity conditions shall be available at each temporary refuge area to which the horizontal exit shall have at least one stair leading to the ultimate exit.

D When chapter (9) conditions require that outside windows shall be provided for rescue and ventilation, these windows shall be as per (5-2-9-4)

E Incase both sides are considered temporary refuge area, another horizontal exit shall be available at the opposite direction on the same barrier, so that each of the two sides shall become a temporary refuge area to the other and the appropriate directive marks shall be fixed.

F The temporary refuge area to which the horizontal exit leads shall be for one user or tenant, and no locks or means to prevent its use shall be installed at any time, except as permitted under the special conditions.

G The temporary refuge area shall be sufficient to contain the potential persons to be present in both sides so that an area not less than .3 M2 shall be allocated for a single person, unless the special conditions provided otherwise.

H The temporary refuge area shall be outside the building in a neighboring building, bridge or corridor so that it shall be lead to the public road.

5-2-5 Bridges, Balconies and outside Windows:

A When bridges and balconies and elements of means of egress, it shall be subjected to the conditions related to outside stairs in addition to these conditions.

B The opening facing bridges and windows shall be protected unless it had been protected from sides by block or concrete walls with not less than 2 meters height.

C The net width of bridges and balconies shall be determined on the basis that it can contain the expected occupancy load and shall not be less than 110 cm.

D) Barriers shall be installed to protect from falling on the parts which are free bridges and balconies in accordance with 5-10.

5.2.6 Ramps: a) Ramps are the sloping way which is a substitute of the stairs when moving one level to another, they can be used as elements of means of egress provided that it shall include the general conditions of stairs in additional to these conditions. Flooring shall be solid and non slipping and the sloping percentage shall be the same in all parts of the ramp joining between two stretches and when the ramp’s direction is changed, this shall be through a stretch. b) barriers shall be installed to protect from falling on the path which doesn’t include ramps in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-10 and when the slopping of the ramp exceed (1 : 20), handrails shall be fixed. c) ramps measurements shall be in accordance with the following table:

30

Minimum net width 110 cm Maximum vertical sloping 1:10 Maximum horizontal sloping 1: 48 Maximum height between two stretches 76 cm

5-2-7 Exit Paths:

A) When exit paths such as lobbies, corridors , tunnels and others are used as

means of egress, it shall be incompliance with the general requirements stated in (5-1) in addition to these conditions.

B) Exit paths shall be separated from the other parts of the building as per the conditions stated in 5-1-4.

C) When using exit paths as a mean to discharge the exit so that it shall constitute the ultimate exit joining between the stairs and public road, it shall be separated from the other parts of the building with barriers which fire resistance rate is not less than the fire resistance rate for the stairs itself.

D) The flooring of exit paths shall be solid free from holes or openings and its net width shall be sufficient.

5-2-8: Escalating stairs and corridors: Escalating stairs and corridors and alike are not considered components of means of egress.

5-2-9 Special methods of egress: 5-2-9-1 General: A) The special methods of egress is considered as component of means of egress

in only special cases and after obtaining the approval of civil defense, each case shall be taken on its own merits. The special cases are as follows:

1) Existing buildings where execution of appropriate means of egress is difficult in accordance with these conditions.

2) Some limited cases to ensure additional means of egress to some places such as machine rooms, building roofs, control towers, etisalat towers and alike provided that the total occupancy load shall not exceed 3 persons.

B) All special methods of egress shall be made of non burnable materials and shall be treated with for protection from rust and air changes, be solid, fit and strongly connected with the building.

5-2-9-2 Vertical Fixed Stairs: In exceptional cases a fixed stair may be used to serve not more than 3 persons working in the site only and a barrier shall be fixed to it in both sides which shall extend to I meter above surface level to which it leads, if the head of the stairs exceeds 9 mm, it shall be fully covered with a barrier from grids to guard.

31

5-2-9-3 Sloping fixed stairs: Sloping fixed stairs may be used as stated in the previous article provided that the sloping angle with the surface shall not exceed 30 degrees provided that the stairs width shall not be less than 30 cm and the distance between them shall not exceed 20 cm.

5-2-9-4 Automatic emergency stairs: In the special cases where the civil defense allows, the automatic stairs may be used where it comes down when it is used and shall automatically escalate by equal load when left, provided that it shall be of an approved type.

5-2-9-5 Rescue and Ventilation Windows: Rescue and ventilation windows shall be opened from inside without a need

to use any tools or equipments and shall include a net opening which width or height is not less than 60 cm and area is not less than .55 m2 so that any solid body with the same measurements can pass through it. Likewise the height of the window shall not exceed 110 cm from the roof flooring. Access of civil defense shall be provided for these windows and it shall face areas linked with the public road.

5-3 Means of egress capacity: 5-3-1 General

Means of egress capacity for each building, floor, or any part of the building shall be sufficient to include the occupancy load in the building, floor or any other part thereof.

5-3-2

Definitions: Occupancy load: means the total number of the persons probably to be present in the building or any part thereof at any time. Occupancy load factor: It is the area expected to one person (1M2/person) as determined in table 5-1 in addition to the additional figures stated in the special conditions.

Table: (5-1): Occupancy load factor: Occupancy Group Occupancy load factors:

M2 per person. A) Assembling Average concentration without fixed seats

1.4

High concentration without fixed seats 0.65 Waiting areas 3.0 Libraries – book storage areas 9 Libraries – reading areas

4.5

B) Educational Academic classes 2 Workshops and professional areas 4.5

32

C) Punitive / care Sleeping suits 11 Treatment suits 22 Detention areas

11

D) residential 18.5 E) admin. & professional 9.5 F) commercial Ground floor and underground floors 2.8 Other floors 5.6 Storage areas

28

G) industrial Manufacturing & maint. Area 5.9 H) storage: Parking areas 5.18 Warehouses and other storages places 28 I) high hazard Manufacturing places 5.9 Warehouses 28 5-3-3 Occupancy Load: a) Occupancy load of a floor or any part thereof is estimated by dividing the area of

the floor or the related part divided by occupancy load factors. b) In the multi storeys buildings, the occupancy load for each floor is taken separate

when estimating exit capacity in that floor, provided that such capacity shall be maintained-preserved starting from the related floor in the direction of egress until access to the ultimate exit.

c)

When the exits of the higher and lower floors meets in middle floor, the capacity of exit starting from the junction point until the ultimate exit shall not be less than the total capacity of the two floors together.

5-3-4 Assessment of means of egress capacity : Means of egress capacity is assessed as per the following table, however, in all cases the net width of any part of egress means shall not be less than the minimum permitted:

Stairs (cm per person)

Other components of means of egress (doors, corridors, ramps, balconies etc.) (cm per person.

.8 .5

Occupancy group (C-2), care With sprinklers Without sprinklers 1.5 1.3

I) high hazard 1.8 1 Other groups .8 .5

33

5-4: Number of means of egress: Except as permitted by the special conditions, each floor or area in the building shall be provided with at least two separate means of egress, the total number of means of egress shall not be less than the minimum required as per the following table:

Minimum number of separate means of egress Occupancy load: 2 500 3 501-1000 4 ABOVE 1000 5-5 Arrangement of means of egress:

Exit and access paths to exit shall be distributed in a way which maintain the following conditions:

1. Shall be ready for use at all times 2. Exits shall be far away from each other as much as possible so that they do not

breakdown together during fire or any other emergency and there should be egress possibility by two opposite directions. This excluding cases where one exit is permitted.

3. When they are two exits or doors to egress, the distance separating between them shall not be less than half length of the floor or the related area (Fig. 5-9) and when there is protected path joining between the two exits, the distance between the two exits shall be measured along with the path which joins between them (Fig. 5-10) other than this, the distance shall be measured along a straight line joining between exits’ doors.

4.. It will be permitted to decrease the distance separating between the two exits to 1/3 of the length of the string in the following cases: * building protected with risers Whereas there is protected path joining between exits.

5. The readings of the dead end shall not exceed the figures stated in table (5-2). 6.. Exits doors and the doors of paths leading to exit shall be arranged in a way that

it shall be easily identified and access paths to exit shall not be through kitchens, warehouses, workshops, bathrooms or alike, nor through any roof which may be closed by keys likewise no curtains or mirrors shall be hanged on the exit’s doors.

7. Paths of access to exit may be made through an outside balcony, roof or anything alike provided that a continuous and clear road shall be provided to access to the exits.

5-6 Dead End: It is that part of corridor or space which doesn’t need an exit and therefore when passing through it a person must return another time to reach the exit, Fig: 5-11. The length of the dead end shall not exceed the limits stated in table (5-2).

5-7 Common path of travel: That part of path leading to the exit through which a person must move before reaching two separate means of egress (Fig. 5-11). The common path travel length shall not exceed the limits stated in table (5-2).

34

5-8 Movement Distance: A) Movement distance is access path from any point in a floor to the exit door, such

movement distance shall not exceed the limits permitted as stated in table (5-2), unless otherwise has been stated in the special conditions:

B)

Movement distance is measured along the actual path of egress, from the most far point upto the exit door, it must be considered that the measurement line in a curve around angles and obstacles, that it shall be at least 30 cm far from it, figure (5-11).

Table: 5-2, maximum limits of common paths of travel, locked end, and movement distance:

Common path of travel Dead end Movement distance Occupancy group Without sprinklers With

sprinklers Without

sprinklers With

sprinklers Without

sprinklers With

sprinklers Less than 50

persons 20 20 6 6 45 60 a) gathering

More than 50 persons

6 6 6 6 45 60

b) educational 23 23 6 6 45 60 C1 Reformatory 15 30 9 15 45 60 c) punitive / care

C2 Care Not required 6 9 45 60 d-1 /d-2 10 15 10 15 45 60 d) Residential

d- 3 Not required e) administrative/professional 23 30 6 15 50 75

Shopping arcades 23 30 6 15 30 90 e)commercial Other types 23 30 6 15 30 60

f) industrial 15 30 15 15 60 75 Low hazard 23 30 15 30 60 90

Ordinary hazard 15 30 15 30 45 90 Car open parking 15 15 15 15 60 90

g) storage

Car closed parking

15 15 15 15 45 60

H) high hazard 0 0 0 0 23 23 5-9 Exit Discharge (Ultimate Exit)\ A All exits shall directly lead to the public road, incase it becomes difficult, a

closed corridor with fire resistance rate not less than the exit’s fire resistance rate shall be provided, so that the corridor shall be the joining point between the exit and public road, no additional doors may be opened on the corridor except the exit door.

B Incases where the special conditions permit, the maximum of half numbers of exit may end in a hall in the ground floor, provided that:

1 Access from the end of the exit to the public road shall be easy and clear without any obstacles and that the distance between the exit and public road shall not exceed 10 meters, however such distance may be upto 20 meters if the ground floor is fully protected with sprinklers including the ground floor hall.

2 All the rooms out looking the hall shall be of low hazard degree nature and shall be separated from the hall with barriers which fire resistance rate is not less than the fire resistance rate of the surroundings of the exit.

35

3 The ground floor shall be separated from the floor under it with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not be less than the fire resistance rate of the surroundings of the exit.

5-10: Handrails and Guards: A. Guards shall be installed along the empty end in all parts of means of egress in

addition to buildings’ surfaces, balconies, mezzanine, glass fronts and others as per this conditions + the special conditions.

B. Barriers shall be made of non burnable materials except for handrails grip; likewise barriers shall be solid to bear the expected pressure and loads.

C. The spaces between barriers shall not be more than 10 cm, and the bars shall be appropriately fixed so that children cannot be able to climb on them.

D. The minimum height of the barrier shall be 110 cm in the external parts of the building such as balconies, surfaces and open sides of stairs, stretches, ramps and others.

E. Incase there is handrails fixed near the walls, the net distance between the wall and the handrail grip shall be not less than 4 cm and the height of the handrails shall not be less than 90 cm, not more than 100 cm on a vertical direction above the slopping line.

F. The height of guards shall not be less than 120 cm for the external stairs which completely opened outside the building, which height exceed three floors

G. Stairs and wide ramps shall be divided by handrails; the distance between them shall not exceed 150 cm.

H. Except for the special cases, to which civil defense approve, glass cannot be considered as a substitute for guards and if the height of the windows or glass fronts out looking outside the building is less than 90 cm, from the room flooring level, such windows and fronts shall be secured by guards which height shall not be less than 95 cm.

5-11 Directive signs of means of egress: A Means of egress shall be equipped with appropriate and approved directive

signs which can be easily seen from any direction within access routes to exits, if necessary, the sign exit shall be added with an arrow to show the exits’ directions, figure 5-12. The directive signs shall be put at the exits’ doors and in the routes leading to exits, provided that any point in the access path to the exit shall not be more than 30 meters far from the exit.

B Signs shall be of suitable volume, term, symbol, and color in accordance with the determination of the civil defense, so that it can be cleared, distinct and different from the neighboring light, finishing, colors or decorations. No fixtures or light which will prevent its vision shall be put.

C All directive sign shall be lighted continuously at all times when the building is occupied by persons, the light power shall not be less than 54 lox on the upper part of the sign and it shall be fed with power from the normal lighting source and also from a spare source which is sufficient to work for not less than 2 hours.

36

D Each stairs, corridor, door or others which may cause confusion and egress to a non safe place, shall bear special directive signs on which the actual use is written such as (to mezzanine, ) (fuel room) ..etc.

5-12 Emergency lighting:

A All parts of means of egress and other places, determined by the special conditions, shall be provided by suitable lighting and those also works incases of emergency when the main source of power has broken down. The connections related to emergency lighting shall be separate of the other connections of the building.

B The emergency lighting shall be fed from a reserve source of electrical current in addition to the main source, so that it shall be sufficient to work for at least two hours and shall automatically start when the main source is disconnected within a time not exceeding 10 seconds. Emergency shall be given lighting which power shall not be less than 10 lox as an average.

C In the big buildings, gathering places, commercial markets, hospitals and alike and in the cases which evaluation is left to the civil defense, emergency lighting shall be of integrated approved central system.

D In the cases where the special conditions permit, emergency lighting may be made by separate electrical lighting units, to be fed from the normal source of electrical current and shall be of self charging nature, so that it shall immediately work for at least two hours when the current is disconnected, provided that it shall be of an approved type.

37

6 Chapter Preventive Measurements from Construction field

Subject

Page No

6-1 General requirements 43 6-2 Constructional classifications, constructional structure 43 6-2-1-1 Fire type: fire resistance and non burnable 43 6-2-1-2 Type 2: non burnable 43 6-2-1-3 Type : 3 Burnable and protected from outside 43 6-2-1-4 Type 4; Heavy wood 43 6-2-1-5 Wooden frames 43 6-2-2 Division to subsidiary types 44 6-2-3 Internal partitions 44 6-2-4 Materials test 44 6-2-5 Test conditions 44 6-2-6

Protection of steel constructional structure elements 44

6-3 Divisions into fire sectors 44 6-3-3 Fire fighting barriers 46 6-3-3-3 Protection of opening within fire resistant barriers 46 6-3-4 Separation of fire sectors on external facades 46 6-3-5 Protection from outside spread of fire between buildings 47 6-3-5-1 General 47 6-3-5-2 Openings: 47 6-3-5-3 Protection of external wall openings 48 6-3-6 Fire Resisting Doors and Windows: 49 6-3-6-1 General : 49 6-3-6-2 Resistance Rate 49 6-3-6-3 Visibility openings 50 6-3-7 Filling spaces 50 6-3-8 Protection of A/C ducts passage openings

50

38

6-3-9 Protection of pipes passage openings and others 50 6-3-10 Protection of vertical spaces 51 6-3-10-1 General 51 6-3-10-2 Non Continuous spaces 51 6-3-10-3 Resistance Rate 51 6-3-10-4 Exclusion 51 6-3-10-5 Moveable Stairs and Corridors 51 6-3-10-6 The space connecting between three floors or less. 52 6-3-10-7 Medium space joining between more than three floors 52 6-3-10-8 Invisible spaces 53 6-4 Smoking Barriers 53 6-4-1 General 53 6-4-2 Doors and Windows 53 6-4-3 Smoke Choking 54 6-4-4 Protection of opening of pipes passage through smoke

barriers. 54

6-5 Protection from hazards 54 6-5-1 General 54 6-5-2 Protection from explosions 55 6-5-3 Flammable liquids and Gases 55 6-6 Interior finishes 55 6-6-1 General 55 6-6-2 Classification of interior finishes of walls and roofs 55 6-6-3 Classification of interior finishes of flooring 55 6-6-4 Use of Interior finish 56 6-6-5 Special Materials 56 6-6-5-1 Use of textile in interior finishes 56 6-6-5-2 Porous or foaming plastic materials 56 6-6-5-3 Use of extended fenil to cover walls and roofs: 56 6-6-6 Paints which slow down fire: 57 6-6-7 Role of Risers: 57 6-6-8 Paints and wall papers: 57 6-7 Furniture and decoration 57 6-8: Protection of burnable insulators 58

39

6- Chapter

Preventive Measurements from Construction field

6-1: General Requirements 6-1-1 All Buildings and constructions shall fulfill the minimum requirement of construction requirements in accordance with this chapter together with special conditions 6-1-2: preventive measurements in construction field aims to ensure the construction structure safety from fire hazards so that it shall lead to resistance of the building against destruction due to fire for an appropriate period of time, in addition to control over fire inside the building within the least possible are and to limit fire spreading to neighboring places and buildings. 6-1-3: each building or part thereof constructed as per these conditions shall be in general of that type which is non burnable and fire resistant except for the cases permitted under this conditions and special conditions, moreover, some special cases which are authorized by the directorate general of civil defense. 6-2: constructional classification, constructional structure. 6-2-1: classification: Buildings and establishments are classified, as to their constructional structure resistance to fire, into five types, namely: 6-2-1-1: first type: fire resistance and non burnable Construction materials shall be fire resistant and non burnable and some few burnable materials may be included; in general it is the constructions made of concrete. 6-2-1-2: type 2: non burnable: Construction materials shall be non burnable except some few burnable materials and it is not fire resistant but becomes fire resistance if treated, mainly it is the metal construction in addition to compound buildings in which constructional structure both iron and concrete are found. 6-2-1-3: type 3: Burnable and protected from outside: Construction materials are from burnable wood and raw iron may be used, while the external walls will be from non burnable material such as concrete or bricks. 6-2-1-4: type 4: Heavy wood: Construction material from heavy solid wood while holding external and internal walls are from non burnable materials such as concrete or bricks.

40

6-2-1-5: wooden frames: All construction materials including external walls are from wooden burnable frames. 6-2-2: division to subsidiary types: Types stated in 6-2-1 are divided into subsidiary types, based on its fire resistance rate. Table 6-1: shows types of buildings as to its constructional structure fire resistance. 6-2-3: Internal Partitions: Internal partitions and others may be used from materials which burning features is similar to wood, in order to divide internal spaces in type 1 and 2 constructions, for all occupants except groups C,D & E occupants, Provided that: The fire sector area in which these partitions are located shall not exceed 600 M2. These partitions shall not be used in the fire resistant barriers. 6-2-4: Materials’ test: Building materials and construction elements shall be tested by an approved laboratory, in accordance with the approved international standards. 6-2-5: Test Conditions: Construction elements samples shall be tested in conditions similar to their use in the building and the test standards and conditions shall be determined according to the function of the elements in the building. 6-2-6: Protection of Steel Constructional structure elements: a) When fire resistance rate is required as to steel construction elements, it shall be treated in accordance with these conditions so that it will give the required resistance degree. b) Protection of steel construction element shall be either by dipping, coating, inlaying or any other approved methods and shall achieve the degree required for the elements’ fire resistance, in all cases protection shall be carried out in accordance with an approved specifications and as per the applicable engineering principles, the same shall be stated in the project’s plans and specs which shall be approved by the civil defense before commencement of its execution. c) The drawings shall show sectors of various types and measurements of the steel elements which shall be protected, method of protection, thickness and type of protection material, designing and calculations tables, in order to be approved by the civil defense.

41

Table: 6-1 classification of building constructions as to its constructional structure resistance to fire:

Constructional structure elements fire resistance rate (hour) Type

First Second Third Fourth fifth

Construction structure elements

443 332 222 111 000 211 200 2kk 111 000 4 3 2 1 0 2 2 2 1 0

4 3 2 1 0 2 2 2 1 0

Holding external walls • holding more

than one floor • holding one

floor • holding the last

surface

4 3 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 0

4 3 2 1 0 1 0 2 1 0

3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

Holding internal walls • holding more

than one floor • holding one

floor • holding the last

surface

3 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

4 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 0

3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 0

columns • holding more

than one floor • holding one

floor • holding the last

surface

3 2 1 1 0 1 0

1 0

4 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 0

3 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 0

Ordinary and network bonuses

• holding more than one floor

• holding one floor

• holding the last surface

3 2 1 1 0 1 0

=

0 0

Flooring tiles 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 = 1 0 Last surface, ordinary and network bonuses, frames, arches, surface tiling

Height of surface from the flooring:

• less than 4.5M

• 4.5 – 6m

• More than 6 m

2 1 0

/2 1/1 0

1 1 0

1 0 0

0 0 0

1 0 0

0 0 0

=

1 1 0

0 0 0

Non holding external walls

Zero/ unless otherwise is required when there is hazard of external spreading of fire

Zero/ unless otherwise is required when there is hazard of external spreading of fire

42

6-3: Divisions into fire sectors: 6-3-1: a building or floor shall be divided into fire sector in order to control and limit fire in its place and to restrict its spreading within the same building, or its movement to the neighboring buildings. 6-3-2: each of the following items is considered as a separate fire sector except for the cases where otherwise is permitted: 1) A unit leased for a separate tenant such as a flat, office or shop. 2) A floor in the multi storey building 3) Various occupants 4) Vertical spaces in buildings such as staircase, elevator pit, all types of skylight, extension partitions and alike. 5) Some elements of egress means as per the stipulations of chapter (5) under special conditions. 6) Some places of special hazard and the special conditions shall be observed. 6-3-3: fire fighting barriers: 6-3-3-1: Fire sectors shall be separated from each other by barriers bearing the required fire resistance. The fire fighting barriers shall be of the following types: 1) Barriers with fire resistance rate equal to 3 hours. 2) Barriers with fire resistance rate equal to 2 hours 3) Barriers with fire resistance rate equal to 1hour 4) Barriers with fire resistance rate equal to 1/2 hour 6-3-3-2: the fire resistant barrier shall constitute an integrated actual barrier which prevents movement of fire and smoke, shall be continuous to cover the whole sector from wall to wall penetrating any space behind it or hollow within it and from the flooring upto the roof (Fig. 6-2). 6-3-3-3: protection of openings within fire resistant barriers: Openings in fire resistant barriers shall be protected by being covered with fire resistance doors or windows or fire choking and shall be approved by civil defense and bearing the required fire resistance rate in order to limit of movement of fire and smoke. 6-3-4: separation of fire sectors on external facades: a) Separation between fire sectors or external fronts shall continue according to these conditions, however, exits’ fronts shall be subjected to the conditions stated in chapter (5). Separation shall be made by provision of a barrier on the external front, such barrier fire resistance rate shall not be less than 1 hour, to separate between any neighboring fire sectors and its width shall not be less than the following:

43

• 200 cm in the horizontal level incase the two fire sectors are horizontal neighbors (Fig. 6-3).

• 100 cm in the vertical level incase the two fire sectors are vertical neighbors (Fig 6-4), the following shall be excluded.

* Buildings which height doesn’t exceed three floors * Buildings fully protected by water sprinklers b) all the openings lying within a vertical distance equal to 450 cm or less above the surface of another fire sector in a neighboring building and horizontal distance equal to 450 cm or less, shall be protected unless the surface bears fire resistance rate not less than 1 hour (Fig. 6-5). 6-3-5: Protection from outside spread of fire between buildings: 6-3-5-1 General: a) To limit the external spreading of fire, a sufficient distance shall be provided between the buildings or they shall be separated by fire resistance walls. b) The fire resistant rate of the external walls shall be as per table (6-2), while incase the external walls are holding, the conditions stated in table 6-1 shall also be adhered to. c) In the buildings wholly protected by sprinklers, the figures stated in table 6-2 may be decreased one hour, except for group I. Table 6-2: external walls fire resistance rate per hour:

Type of occupancy

Distance separating between buildings (meter)

I F,g-1, h-1

A,b,c,d,e, g-2, h-2

0-1.5 3 3 2 More than 1.5 – 3 3 2 1 More than 3-4.5 2 1 0 More than 4.5 – 9 1 0 0 More than 9 0 0 0

6-3-5-2: Openings: a) The area of protected or non protected openings in any external wall of any floor shall not be less than the percentage stated in table (6-3). b) incase there are non protected openings in addition to the protected openings in the external wall of any floor, the total permitted area for the openings shall be as per the following equation:

44

S �

+ A �

< 1 ___

S1 A1 S: the actual area of protected openings S1: the permitted area for protected openings. A: actual area of none protected openings A1: permitted area for non protected openings.

Table (6-3), Limits permitted for areas of opening as percentage of the external wall

Distance separating between the building (meter)

Type of opening

Less than 1

1-1.5 More than 1.5-3

More than 3-4.5

More than 4.5-6

More than 6 -7.5

More than 7.5-9

More than 9

Not protected Not permitted

Not permitted

10%

15% 25% 45% 70% 100%

Protected Not permitted

Not permitted

25%

45% 75% 100% 100% 100%

C) The following cases are excluded from the conditions stated in Table (6-3): 1) Parking opened from the sides, as the non protected openings percentage may be 100%, provided that the separating distance shall not be less than 3 meters. 2) Group I buildings, as non protected openings may not be left, if the separating distance is less than 4.5 Meters. d) In buildings fully protected by sprinklers, the permitted percentage for non protected openings shall not exceed the permitted percentage for protected openings as for all occupants, except for group: I. e) Non protected openings may be made to the percentage of 100% on the external walls overlooking streets in the ground floor only, provided that the street’s width shall not be less than 4.5 meters, for all occupants except group: I. 6-3-5-3: Protection of external wall openings: a) Necessary protection shall be made to the openings in the external walls when such openings are stipulated to be of a protected type. Protection shall be by installing

45

doors or windows of the required fire resistance rate, and the external openings may be protected by using sprinklers based on an approved specification. b) The required resistance rate to protect the opening shall be as follows: * One and half hour when the openings are found within walls which fire resistance rate exceeds one hour. • ¾ hour when the openings are found within walls which fire resistance rate is

equal to one hour only. 6-3-6: Fire Resisting Doors and Windows: 6-3-6-1 General : A Fire resisting doors and windows and the methods used to cover the

openings located in fire resisting barriers to control movement of fire and smoke. Fire resisting doors shall be in accordance with these conditions and if they are part of components of means of egress, the conditions of chapter 5 shall also be applied.

B Fire resisting doors and windows shall be an integrated unit with all its components including door panels, shutters, frame, accessories and others.

C Fire resisting door and windows shall be designed, manufactured, tested and installed in accordance of and approved specs.

D Fire resisting doors and windows of all its components shall be of a type approved by the directorate general of civil defense as per inspection certificate issued by an approved body and the basis of approved specifications.

E Fire resisting doors shall be sealed with a fixed sign stating resisting rate, license No. manufacturer of doors and the name of the inspection body in addition to the necessary information, provided that the seal shall be under the supervision of the testing body.

F Fire resisting doors shall be either self closing or automatically closing, except the doors of residential flats entrances while fire resisting window shall be automatically closing and shall be fixed in the place without any possibility to open it.

6-3-6-2 Resistance Rate: A Fire Resistance rate for doors shall be as follows: * 1 ½ hour if it is installed in the barriers which fire resistance rate is

required to be two hours. * 1 hour if installed in barriers which fire resistance rate it is required to be

one hour, if such barriers in circles exits or vertical spaces.

46

* 45 minutes when installed in other barriers which fire resistance rate is one hour (except corridors and smoke barriers).

* 20 Minutes when installed in barriers which fire resistance rate is half an hour or in corridors and smoke barriers which fire resistance rate doesn’t exceed one hour, as permitted by the special conditions.

B Fire resistance windows may only be used in barriers which requires fire resistance rate not exceeding one hour, provided that the window’s area shall not exceed 25% of the barriers area.

6-3-6-3 Visibility openings: A When it is required that a visibility opening shall be located in the fire

resisting door, it shall be in accordance to the following terms and conditions:

* It shall be covered with fire resisting clear reinforced glass with the same fire resistance of the door or any other approved glass.

* No visibility openings are allowed in the doors which fire resistance rate is required to be two hours or more.

B Visibility opening area shall not exceed : * .065 M2, indoors which fire resistance is one hour or half an hour * 0.84 M2 indoors which fire resistance is 45 minutes or less.

6-3-7 Filling Spaces:

Spaces and hollows located within fire resisting barriers such as walls, roofs, floorings and also on the size and round openings shall be filled and when it meets other construction elements by using an approved fire resisting materials.

6-3-8 Protection of A/C ducts passage openings:

A If a/c ducts passes through fire resisting barriers, it shall be protected by installing fire choking.

B Melting connections with high temperature shall be used when installing fire choking on the a/c ducts related to smoke control systems.

C Fire choking shall be of an approved type and shall be sealed with the approved inspection body.

6-3-9 Protection of pipes passage openings and others: When pipes, cables, electrical carriers, air ducts and other similar

elements passes within the fire resisting barriers, it shall be protected as follows:

A The space between the element and the barrier: shall be filled with a material able to maintain the fire resistance of the barrier or by a mean which is specially designed for these purposes.

b) When a sleeve is used to for the element’s passage through the barrier, the sleeve shall be well fixed with the barrier, the space between the

47

element and sleeve shall be protected as follows: It shall be filled with a material able to maintain the fire resistance of the barrier or shall be protected by a mean specially designed for this purpose.

c) Insulators and other materials used in coating pipes and ducts shall not pass through fire resisting barriers unless it is able to maintain the fire resistance of the barrier or has been protected by a mean specially designed for this purpose.

6-3-10 Protection of vertical spaces: 6-3-10-1 General:

All vertical spaces such as staircase and lift pit, balconies of all types, extension partitions….etc. shall be protected by being encircled by continuous barriers with the required fire resistance rate, this shall exclude the special cases stated in this article where the special conditions permit.

6-3-10-2 Non Continuous spaces: As to the vertical spaces which doesn’t continue up or down the building, it shall be protected also from down or up with fire resisting barriers

6-3-10-3 Resistance rate: The resistance rate of barrier surrounding the vertical spaces shall be as follows, unless the special conditions permit otherwise: * two hours for spaces which connect between four floors or more. * one hour for other spaces

6-3-10-4 Exclusion: Vertical spaces may be left without being encircled, if it joins between only neighboring floors so that it shall penetrate only one roof tile, provided that it shall not be used as an exit.

6-3-10-5 Moveable Stairs and corridors Moveable stairs and corridors used as exit shall be surrounded in the same way, the stairs used as exits are surrounded, but when they are not used as exits, they shall be surrounded with the same way the vertical spaces are surrounded, surrounding can be dispensed if such stairs and corridors are located within open huge spaces such as medium space and shopping arcades.

6-3-10-6 The space connecting between three floors or less: When the special conditions permit, a medium open space connecting between unnamed numbers of floors may be made, provided that the following shall be available.

1 The medium space area shall be separated from neighboring areas by

48

barriers which fire resistance rate is not less than one hour, unless the medium space connecting between three floors or less and this separation may be made by glass sheets made from toughened glass or reinforced glass and the glass shall be protected by sprinklers.

2 Access path to the exits and exits discharge points shall be through the medium space area.

3 Medium space area hazard shall be low or ordinary 4 All parts of the building shall be protected by sprinklers. 5 Smoke control system shall be provided in the medium space and shall be

as per the approved specifications.

6-3-10-7 Invisible spaces, if the invisible spaces are within the constructions of type 3, 4 or 5 and with flame spread factors exceeding category A, it shall be protected as follows:

1 All walls and internal and external partitions shall continue from the flooring until the roof tile and shall be filled with fire proof materials

2 Unoccupied invisible spaces located above the false ceiling shall be divided into parts; the area of each part shall not exceed 280 M2, by using smoke curtains.

3 The division of invisible spaces between the roof and flooring or surface above it, shall be divided by smoke curtains continuing upto the full height of the space, provided that the area of one part shall not exceed the following:

• 93 M2 for any space between the roof and the flooring. • 280 M2 for any space between the roof and surface.

B The following shall be excluded from the above conditions: • spaces protected by water sprinklers • Invisible spaces used only for the distribution of air and which is

part of the central a/c system.

6-3-10-8 Invisible spaces:

A) Invisible spaces, shall be protected if they are within construction of type 3, 4 or 5 with flame spreading factor exceeding category a. protection shall be as follows:

1 a) all walls, internal partitions shall continue from the flooring upto the roof and shall be filled with fire resisting materials

49

2 Unoccupied visible space located above the false ceiling shall be divided

into parts; the area of each part shall not exceed 280M2, by using smoking curtains.

3 Invisible spaces between the roof and the flooring or the surface above it, shale b divided by smoke curtains which shall continue to the full height of the space, and it shall not exceed the area of apart shall not exceed the following:

* 93 M2 for any space between the roof and the flooring * 280 M2 for any space between the roof and surface b) The following shall be excluded from the above provisions:

• spaces protected with water sprinkler system • Invisible spaces used only to distribute air, which is part of the

central a/c system.

6-4 Smoke Barriers: 6-4-1 General: A When the special conditions required the same, smoke barriers shall be

provided to divide the building’s spaces into parts in order to limit smoke spreading.

B The smoke barrier shall constitute a continuous barrier to prevent of smoke and shall continue in order to cover all smoke sectors from wall to wall penetrating any space behind in and any hollow within it and shall be from the flooring upto the roof tile.

C

A fire proof barrier may be used as smoke barrier if it includes the conditions stated herein.

6-4-2 Doors and windows: a) Doors installed in the smoke barriers shall be air tight and shall not allow

passage of smoke and shall not be having any openings or cracks, shall be automatically or self closed.

b) When required that the smoke barriers shall be fire resisting, the opening shall be protected as follows:

* The doors fire resistance rate shall not be less than 20 minutes and shall be self or automatically closed.

* The windows shall be as per article 6-3-6. 6-4-3 Smoke choking

Smoke choking of an approved type shall be installed on air passage openings, located on smoke barriers and also when a/c ducts passes through smoke barriers, unless such ducts are part of smoke control

50

system. Smoke choking shall automatically close when it detects smoke by smoke detectors.

6-4-4 When pipes, cables, electrical carriers, air ducts and other similar elements passes within smoke barriers, it shall be protected as follows:

a) The space between the element and the barrier: shall be filled with a material able to maintain the smoke barrier resistance or by a mean which is specially designed for these purposes.

b) When a sleeve is used to for the element’s passage through the barrier, the sleeve shall be well fixed with the barrier, while the space between the element and sleeve shall be protected as follows: It shall be filled with a material able to maintain the fire resistance of the smoke barrier or shall be protected by a mean specially designed for this purpose.

6-5 Protection from hazards: 6-5-1 General : a) Places which hazard degree is higher than the general hazard degree of

the building shall be protected as follows:

1. The place shall be surrounded by elements which fire resistance rate is not less than one hour, the door shall be fire resistant for ¾ of an hour and springs shall be installed or

2. The protection of the place by automatic fire fighting system or 3. Application of both procedures stated in a & b above when hazard is high

or when the special conditions requires the same.

b). Some examples of special hazard places: Places used to store flammable materials and fast flaming materials, places containing heat producing equipments such as boilers and places used for maintenance purposes….etc

c). To protect some special hazard places which are not covered by these conditions such as labs in hospitals, laboratories in which chemicals are used; reference shall be made to one of the approved specifications.

d). When the protection system is required to be by automatic extinguishing system only, without stipulating that the place shall be separated with fire fighting barriers, the place shall be protected with smoke barriers and also the doors shall be of the type that prevent smoke passage and shall be equipped with springs.

6-5-2. Protection from explosions: When the operations are dangerous or the storage is of a nature that leads to probability of explosions, ventilation shall be provided against explosions or explosion choking system shall be installed and shall be

51

specially designed to face the probable risks. It shall be also as per an approved specification.

6-5-3. Flammable liquids and gases: A. Flammable liquids and gases area shall be protected in accordance with

the conditions applicable with the civil defense and if necessary, reference shall be made to an approved specification

B. Flammable liquid and gas shall not be stored in any place which may expose vacation process for hazard/danger.

6-6. Interior finishes: 6-6-1 General A Interior finishes includes finishing, cladding and coating materials made

on walls surface’s and interior roofing in addition to floorings B Interior finishes of walls and roofs means interior surfaces exposed to the

building’s elements include the fixed and moveable walls, partitions, columns and roofs.

C Interior finishes of floorings means the uncovered internal surfaces of the buildings’ floorings.

6-6-2 Classification of interior finishes of walls and roofs. Interior finishes of walls and roofs are classified into three categories

based into flame spreading factors and smoke’s thickness, as per the following table:

Table: 6-4: Category Flame spreading factor Smoke thickness A 0-25 0-450 B 26-75 0-450 C 76-200 0-450

6-6-3 Classification of interior finishes of flooring: Interior finishes of floorings are classified based on the marginal superabundance of thermal radiation, as per table 6-5.

Table 6-5: classification of interior finishes of flooring: Category Minimum marginal superabundance of thermal

radiation 1. .45 watt/ cm2 2.

.22 watt/ cm2

6-6-4 Use of interior finish: A The conditions of interior finishes for walls and roofs shall be observed

52

as defined in chapter 5 and special conditions and the permitted exclusions shall be considered.

B Finishes of category C, may be used for the place required to be coated by category A or B Materials, if the area of these finishes doesn’t exceed 10% of the total area of walls and roofs.

C The conditions of interior finishes of flooring shall only be observed in the following cases:

* When the floorings are of non ordinary hazards * When the same is required in the special conditions

6-6-5: Special materials:

6-6-5-1 Using textile in interior finishes of walls and roofs, textile material of

category A may be used to cover the walls and roofs in the following cases:

* Full walls and roofs of places protected with sprinklers, even if the walls are continuing to the roofs

* Walls which height doesn’t exceed 3/4th of the net height in the places not proceed with sprinklers while the coating height shall not exceed 240 cm.

* Upto 120 cm above the flooring level, when the walls are continuous upto the roof and without sprinklers’ protection.

6-6-5-2 Porous or foaming plastic materials: Porous or foaming plastic materials shall not be used in interior finishes of walls and roofs when they are uncovered and without any protection, except the use for decoration provided that its area shall not exceed 10% of the wall or roof area and its density shall not be less than 320 Kgs / M3, thickens shall not exceed 13 mm and its width shall not exceed 10 cm, moreover it shall be from category A or B, and the limit permitted for smoke density may be exceeded.

6-6-5-3 Use of extended fenil to cover walls and roofs: Extended fenil may be used to coat the walls in the following cases:

1 Materials of category A may be used to coat the walls and roofs of the rooms and places protected with sprinklers.

2 Fenil materials from category A may be used to cover the walls which eight doesn’t exceed 3/4th of the net height of the room or the space which is not protected by sprinklers, provided that the coating height shall not exceed 240 cm.

53

3 Fenil of category A may be used to coat the walls continuing upto the roofs in the rooms which is not protected by sprinklers, provided that the coating shall not extend to more than 120 cm, above the flooring level.

6-6-6 Paints which slow down fire: First which slow down fire may be used in existing buildings to provide flame spreading factor conditions and smoke density condition required on the interior surfaces of these existing buildings, such case shall be of an approved type. The fire slowing down paints shall enjoy the necessary continuation and shall be maintained in a way which keep it efficient and make it able to fulfill the required purpose under the actual use conditions which are imposed by the site conditions and the air factors.

6-6-7 Role of Risers: If the place is protected with risers, it may : * use interior finishes for walls and roofs from category C instead of B, and from category B instead of A, unless otherwise is stated in another place of these conditions. * Use of interior finishes for flooring of category 2 instead of 1.

6-6-8 Paints and wall papers: Paints ands wall papers may be used in the interior finishes of walls and roofs, provided that its thickness shall not exceed 1 mm.

6-7 Furniture and decoration,

6-7-1 When the conditions required, curtains, covers, bed sheets and similar things such as hanged decorations shall be flame resistant, based on an approved specification.

6-7-2 The uphold furniture and blankets shall be from the type which resist flaming cigarettes, incase the conditions required the same and that will be based on an approved specifications.

6-7-3 When the conditions required, the blankets shall be from the type which doesn’t issue except limited quantity of heat and this shall be ensured based to an approved specification.

6-7-4 Furniture and decoration shall not be used if they are from the fast burning type or that which may cause explosions.

6-8 Protection of burnable insulators

6-8-1 The flame spreading factor of insulating foaming plastic materials shall not exceed 25, while the other insulators’ flame spreading factors shall not exceed 500.

54

6-8-2 All materials which flame spreading factor doesn’t exceed 25 may

remain uncovered and without protection except for the foaming plastic materials.

6-8-3 Foaming plastic materials and other materials which flame spreading factor exceed 25 may be protected by being coated with one of the following materials.

* Gypsum board which thickness is not less than 16mm and such boards shall be fixed on fixing elements independent of the insulator.

* Metal grills &mortar which thickness is not less than4 cm to be fixed on elements separate from the insulators.

* Stone, concrete or bricks which thinness is not less than 5 cm.

6-8-4 Insulating foaming plastic materials which flame spreading factor doesn’t exceed 500 when it is being caste in the factory and constitute part of the pre-made walls may be used without spaces, but shall only be used for external walls, provided that the following conditions shall be made:

1. The insulator shall be surrounded from all directions with steel sheets which thickness shall not be less than .38 mm and the sheets shall remain in its places for not less than 10 minutes when the wall is exposed to ordinary fire.

2. The flame spreading rate of the wall in hall shall not exceed the rate permitted for the place which surrounds the wall.

3. Shall not be used on category C or D occupancies.

4. The building’s height shall not exceed 18m measured from, the sidewalk until the flooring of the last floor.

Chapter: 7 Engineering Services in the Buildings:

Subject

Page No

7-1 Central A/C 63 7-2 Electrical Fixtures 63 7-3 Collection of waste 64 7-4 Chimneys 64

55

7-5 Ventilation and smoke exhaustion 65 7-5-1 General 65 7-5-1-1 Ventilation for persons’ safety 65 7-5-1-2 Ventilation to control fire and to drive out steam. 65 7-5-2 Specifications of ventilations 65 7-5-3 Smoke Curtains 66 7-6 Movable stairs 66 7-7 Liquid fuel 66 7-8 Storage of Liquid fuel 67 7-8-1 General 67 7-8-2 Storage inside the building 67 7-8-3 Storage outside the building above ground 68 7-8-4 Storage underground 68 7-8-5 Manufacturing of tank 68 7-9 Liquid fuel ignition tools 69 7-9-1 General 69 7-9-2 Pipes and connections 69 7-9-3 Burner and control tools 70 7-9-3-1 General requirements 70 7-9-3-2 Control tools 70 7-9-3-3 Burner room 71 7-9-4 Ventilation and gases discharge 71 7-9-5 Fire fighting equipment 72 7-10 Kitchen equipment 72

Chapter: 7 Engineering Services in the Buildings:

7-1: Central A/C:

a) The design of central a/c system shall include the necessary precautions to prevent fire and smoke through the a/c ducts in accordance with these conditions:

b) When selecting locations of air intake related to the a/c machine, it shall not be neighboring places or sources where it is exposed to fire risks.

56

c) The directorate general of civil defense may in special cases require installation of emergency switches on the a/c system in a place appropriate for the services of civil defense.

d) The main duct of a/c machine passes through vertical or horizontal passages may of non burnable materials as fire fighting unit with appropriate openings with fire fighting doors to facilitate maintenance procedures.

e) Fire choking shall be installed if the a/c duct penetrate fire fighting walls or roofs and that the fire choking resistance shall be of the same resistance of the walls, shall automatically be closed by melting connection which works under temperature ranging between 68-84 centigrade or well the detector shall discover the smoke.

f) The central a/c system duct may be provided with smoke detectors which automatically works to stop the operation of the whole system when the smoke is discovered and when necessary operates exhausters to dry the smoke away from the building. g) The insulators used in coating the air ducts inside and outside shall be non burnable and its thickness shall not be less than 3cm and no burnable material may be used therein. h) The ducts may be coated with burnable material in specific cases which is assessed by the directorate general of civil defense, provided that: * The distance shall be short It shall pass through paths made of non burnable materials.

i) the flexible connections of air ducts shall : • Be from fire resisting material for at least half an hour. • Doesn’t create thick smoke when it is burnt. • Its length shall not exceed 25 cm if it is in the beginning of the ducts near to the

exhaust fans. • If it is in the end of the ducts, its length shall not exceed 4M, shall not penetrate a

fire resisting wall or roof and shall not be located at the special hazardous places. 7-2: Electrical Fixtures: a) The electrical fixtures specifications must be in accordance with the electricity department specifying. b) The electrical fixtures and installations shall in general be correct so that when used it shall not cause direct or indirect reason for fire, the net work shall also be equipped with preventive machine from electrical shocks which shall automatically work by the land connector or by any other mean approved by the electricity dept. c) The wires shall be connected through well connected protective pipes so That nobody can play with it.

57

d) the uncovered electrical equipment shall not be accepted unless in narrow limits and short distance which doesn’t exceed 3 m, provided that it shall be fixed and without any connections. e) The electrical fixtures which feed the machines and equipments with electrical current shall be made in tight and preventive pipes. f) Electrical fixtures and machines located in the places used for storage of Fast or flammable powders, liquids or gases shall be from the type which prevent flaming, tightly closed, so that when it is operated no electrical spark shall emerge and which doesn’t allow out-flowing of gases within fixtures. g) Electrical lamps located in the storage places shall be with preventive cover made from grill and glass so that it will constitute a partition to prevent the movement of heat by radiation to the burnable materials. h) The electrical fixtures located on the hanged ceiling or internal partitions shall be within preventive pipes, while other electrical lamps and equipments which is heat radiant shall be placed far from the ceiling sheets for a distance enough to prevent the heat radiation effect. I) if there is a generator in the building, it shall be kept in a special room established for this purpose from material which fire resistance is not less than 3 hours and which is isolated from the building as an independent fire fighting unit, the following shall be stipulated in the room: * Its entrance shall be directly from outside * No openings to join between the room and other parts of the building shall be made. * a hole shall be allocated under the generator to collect the oil in case of leakage, provided that it can be easily vacated and cleaned. j) Subsidiary distribution panels and switches shall be placed in appropriate clear places with easy access and the main switch and main distribution panels shall be located in an apriority place to be approved by the civil defense, which shall be: * Near the main entrances. * be in a room isolated from the building and to be opening to outside. k) Boards and distinguished signs shall be fixed on the places of main and subsidiary switches, and the use and field of each of them shall be clarified. l) Lighted fluorescent signs with high pressure which is located on facades and surfaces shall be provided with circuit breaker emergency switch which shall be installed outside the building on an appropriate height which will not allow misuse and which shall be

58

covered with glass sheet to be broken by the civil defense when used on emergency cases. m) Necessary measurements to protect from the stagnant electricity risk shall be provided; such measurements include placing lighting rod in high buildings as per the specifications and conditions of directorate general of civil defense and electricity dept. 7-3: Collection of Waste: a) A pipe shall be constructed to transfer the garbage within the floors, to be made of non burnable materials which fire resistance rate shall be as per the conditions stated in 6-3. b) Garbage room shall be constructed down the pipe to be made from non burnable materials which fire resistance rate is not less than 2 hours; its door shall be of fire resistance not less than 1 hour and half and shall be automatically closed. c) The pipes openings which receive the garbage shall be closed from the floors which doors fire resistance rte is as per the conditions mentioned in 6-3 and shall be automatically closed. The door shall not outlook the exits directly, nor shall it be on the access paths to the exits, but special room shall be provided for this purpose which barriers’ fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour. 7-4: Chimneys: a) Owens, cookers and similar equipment of making food and warning equipment shall be equipped with ducts for smokes which lead to the outside air, chimneys must be made of non burnable materials of fire resistance rate as per the conditions stated in 6-3, likewise the conditions and specifications stated in 7-9-4 shall be observed. b) If the chimney is located inside the building, its internal surface shall be paved to facilitate the process of removing accumulated carbon and other depositions. c) If the chimney is made of steel sheets, it shall be of sufficient thickness and its connections shall be properly fixed, likewise it shall be fixed to the surrounding walls with strong stretch wires. d) The chimney shall be one meter above the highest point in the building and 3 meters above the highest point in the surrounding buildings, within the borders of a circle which half diameter is 25 meters. 7-5: Ventilation and smoke exhaustion: 7-5-1: General: Ventilation and smoke exhaustion is considered, as per fire prevention view, in the following aspects:

59

• Ventilation to exhaust smoke to maintain persons’ safety. • Ventilation to exhaust the smoke in order to assist civil defense individuals to

control fire. • Ventilation to drive out burnable steam, gases, and powders

7-5-1-1: Ventilation for persons’ safety: Natural or mechanical sufficient ventilation shall be ensured in the means of egress and in any part occupied in the building 7-5-1-2: ventilation to control fire and to drive out steam, gases and powders. Sufficient ventilation shall be ensured to control fire and to drive out burnable steams, gases or powders so that its concentration in air shall not reach burning or explosion degree, means of such ventilation shall be as follows: * Insulation of local ventilation means in the various places used to store or

operate liquids or gases ignition tools. * Insulation of local ventilation means for mechanical equipments and machines

as required by the preventive conditions related thereto. * When the natural ventilation is insufficient or inefficient, mechanical

ventilation can be relied on.

7-5-2 Specifications of ventilation: a) The natural or mechanical ventilation process shall be complete in order to

ensure the required efficiency to renew the air within a specific time depending on the place, volume, time occupancy, nature of contents and shall be in accordance with the approved specifications.

b) In the big one floor buildings (sheds) used for storage or manufacturing, the natural ventilation shall be provided in the upper section of the building to discharge steams, hot gases and smoke incase of emergency and to assist in controlling fire.

c) Ventilation shall be made through openings in the upper roof which shall permanently be opened and incase it is necessary to close it, it shall be prepared to be openable when the fire takes place by one of the following means (or any other means approved by the directorate general of civil defense):

* Automatically by melting connection

* Manually by an easy manual mean to be put on a reasonable height from the ground level in an easy accessible place and shall be subjected to the approval of the directorate general of civil defense.

* The openings shall be covered with fast melting materials by heat resulting of

60

fire.

d) Calculation of upper openings area depends on their nature, in this regard the following shall be considered:

* The area of a single opening shall not be less than one by one meter. * The distance between two neighboring openings shall not exceed 23 meters * The total area of openings shall not be less than 1: 50 of the flooring area. e) In the place opposite the upper openings there shall be openings at the ground

level to enter the fresh air, to be of the same area such as doors and others. 7-5-3 Smoke curtains: When the area of the fire sector in which there are upper ventilation openings

exceeds 3000 M2, the space between the openings shall be separated by smoke curtains, made of non burnable material to limit smoke and hot gases spreading horizontally and consequently to collect the same and dry it out from the openings, in calculating the curtains, the following shall be considered:

* The curtains shall reach the surface so that it shall constitute an actual barrier to limit smoke spreading.

* The curtain shall extend down to a depth not less than one third of the floors’ height.

7-6 Moveable stairs: When constructing moveable stairs, the smoke shall not spread through the

openings in these stairs, the provisions stated in 6-3-10 shall be observed and each case shall be considered on its own merits.

7-7 Liquid fuel:

a) In general fuel and oil burning connections and equipments shall be designed and executed in accordance with the approved specs

b) Liquid fuel connections shall be made of strong pipes with tight connections which don’t allow leakage of fuel or emission of gases, such connections shall not be constructed nor passes near any heat source. The machine shall be provided with necessary spigots for closure in suitable places which are easy and clear by distinct signs, the most important of which is:

1) Main closure spigot in the beginning of the line at the tanker. 2) Main closure spigot at the fuel ignition machine. 3) Automatic closure spigot to work by the effect of heat outside the fuel ignition machine room, in order to stop fuel feeding, to the ignition machine when fire takes place, it shall work by melting connections or any other suitable means.

61

4) Another manual mean of closure to be used in case the automatic spigot have broken down.

c) The fuel ignition machine shall be provided with necessary preventive means of fire, when operated.

7-8 Storage of liquid fuel: 7-8-1. General:

a) Liquid fuel necessary for the ignition process shall be kept in a tank of capacity

enough for consumption rate for two weeks.

b) The main tank shall be kept in a reasonable place accepted by the directorate general of civil defense and shall be fixed on a strong base of concrete which can bear the tank’s weight with its contents.

c) If the capacity of the main tank exceeds 900 liters, a small tank shall be installed for service which capacity doesn’t exceed that to be directly connected with the burner so that it can come between the main tank and the burner in order to achieve the following:

* Ensure regular flow by reason of gravity without need to lift the main tank.

* Minimize fire hazard incase fuel spilled

d) The service tank shall be put in the burner room on a reasonable distance enough for non movement of burner heat to it.

7-8-2 Storage inside the building:

a) If it is necessary to put a tank inside the building, it shall be kept in a special room constructed from non burnable materials with fire resistance rate not less than 3 hours, its door’s fire resistance shall not be less than 2 hours, shall be self closing and a distinct sign shall be fixed on it. The room shall outlook the outside wall and natural ventilation sufficient to it shall be provided in the upper and lower level so that the steam shall be directly driven out outside the building.

b) A threshold shall be built on the room’s door by reasonable height so that it will constitute a basin with the walls enough to isolate the stored fuel quantity

62

with 10% excess.

c) The electrical fixtures shall be of a special type (flameproof).

d) The liquid fuel storage room shall never be built in the basement.

7-8-3: Storage outside the building above ground:

a) The location of the tank shall be appropriate, approved by the Directorate General of civil defense and on a distance not less than 3 meters from the borders of the neighboring buildings, far away from any places in which fire hazards exist.

b) The tank shall be fixed on a base made of concrete or steel to bear the weight of the tank with its contents and shall be surrounded with a fence so that nobody can play with knowing that reasonable warning signs must be fixed.

c) The tank shall be surrounded by barrier from concrete or sand to make a hole enough for the stored liquid quantity in case it is spilled in the ground with 10% excess.

d) The tank shall be painted with white and silver color and shall be written in it with clear and big letters (fast flammable liquids – No smoking)

7-8-4: Storage underground: a) If the tank is constructed underground, the location must be appropriate to be

approved by the Directorate General of civil defense and shall be on a suitable distance of the neighboring foundations.

b) The tank shall be installed on concrete base which thickness shall be at least 20 cm and shall be able to bear the weight of the tank with its contents, the tank shall be joint to the base with steel jointers and shall then be filled from all sides from the upper side with sand, the upper coverage thickness shall not be less than 70 cm.

c) If there is ground water in the tank’s area, the tank shall be designed and installed in a way that ensure its proper immovability, even if its fully empty liquid and it is necessary to represent the calculations which prove the same.

d) The tank may be installed in a room consisting of walls made of bricks or reinforced concrete and its roof shall be from the reinforced concrete, the roof shall cover the full tank area and one opening shall be left for inspection and passage of connection pipes. It is necessary to make the appropriate arrangements to prevent the surface water from leaking into the tank’s room.

e) Incase the side is subjected to cars passage; the necessary constructional calculations shall be made so that the room’s roof shall bear the expected traffic movement load in addition to other loads.

63

7-8-5: Manufacturing of tank:

a) The tank shall be manufactured in accordance with the approved specifications

from steel sheets which thickness is not less than one quarter and inch and it shall be strong and doesn’t allow leakage.

b) A single inspection opening shall be provided for the tank with tight cover or lid. Moreover it shall provide the tank with the opening allocated for passage of ventilation, package, discharge and measurement pipes.

c) The tank shall be joined with underground connection line to discharge the stagnant electrical charges.

d) Rust and crust shall be removed from the external surface of the tank and shall be painted with anti rust paint and then isolated with asphalt (bitumen), before being put down in the hall.

e) The tank shall be subjected to hydrostatic pressure experiment, and if it is situated underground the experiment shall be made before it had been buried by sand, however in all cases the experiment shall be conducted in accordance with one of the approved specs.

7-9: Liquid fuel ignition tools: 7-9-1 General: a) These conditions discuss the matter of providing preventive measurements to

ensure safety of persons and properties from fire and explosion resulting of liquid fuels ignition tools.

b) These conditions shall govern each moveable or immovable tool / machine, the capacity of fuel tank which feed it exceed 230 liters.

c) Liquid fuel ignition tool is an integrated system for heating, which depend on liquid fuel ignition to obtain the required temperature for heating process, the machine shall include the following basic components.

* Fuel source and connection pipes, * Burner and control tools: * Ventilation and gases discharge

d) After installment of the machine under the initial approval, it shall not be used

before submitting an application to the directorate general of civil defense to obtain a final approval, which shall be given after the inspection is conducted inside and ensure that the machine is in conformity with the design accredited by the initial approval and including the required conditions.

e) The fuel ignition machine shall be subject to periodical inspection and

64

maintenance as per the instructions of the manufacturer, such inspection maintenance shall be made by professional technician.

f) The place shall be kept clean, around the burner and the tank and not to allow accumulation of any waste or burnable materials or any other unnecessary materials. Incase any leakage or spilling of fuel, the necessary measurements shall be taken to avoid the same and the damage shall be repaired in order to control fire risks.

g) The person in charge of the machine shall be trained to use preliminary fire fighting equipment and the measurements to be taken on accident and emergencies.

7-9-2 Pipes and connections:

a) The tank shall be equipped with an approved method to measure the quantity of the liquid therein in addition to filling pipes, sucking pipe, ventilation pipes in addition to any other necessary connections as per the approved specs.

b) The filling pipe’s dia shall not be less than 75 mm (3 inches), shall pass from the tank’s roof and extend for 5 cm above its bottom, joined with pushing point equipped with special connection to be joined with the pump of fuel carriage car which feeds the tank.

c) The ventilation pipe’s dia shall not be less than 50 mm (2”) shall extend from the tank to outside in the fresh air and in a suitable place far away of fire risks, holes, or basement, the following shall be observed:

* The pipe shall be at least four meters above the ground surface.

* The pipe opening direction shall be to up or to the sides, but not to down.

* Grill cover shall be installed on the opening for protection.

* The pipes shall pass from the tank’s roof to a depth which doesn’t exceed 2 cm.

7-9-3: Burner and Control Tools 7-9-3-1 General requirements:

a) The burner shall be made in accordance with the approved specs as per an

official certificate; the installation shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

b) No fuel other than the type for which the burner is made shall be used, as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

65

c) A sufficient source of air shall be provided for the burner to feed it with the necessary oxygen quantity for the burning process.

d) The burner shall include the following basic components: 1 Sufficient source of air in reasonable flow. 2 Sufficient source of fuel in reasonable flow 3 A mean to transfer the fuel to spray or steam and to push it by reasonable

pressure mixed with air. 4 A mean to ignite mixture of air and fuel.

7-9-3-2 Control Tools: Control tools must ensure the following basic purposes:

1. Control burning process by regulating it or stopping it when the water

temperature becomes high or fully evaporate all the steam pressure in the heater increased.

2. To stop the burner completely when the initial burning process of fuel had failed.

3. To stop the burner fully when the flame ceased while the machine is working. 4. To close the fuel pipe when the temperature outside the burning room becomes

high by a melting connection which works on 65 Centigrade or by any other approved means.

7-9-3-3 Burner Room: The room in which the burner which works with liquid fuel shall be as follows: 1. The room shall be built on the external wall of the building, its entrance shall

be directly from outside and it shall be far away from the building’s exit. 2. The heater’s room shall be constructed of non burnable materials which fire

resistance rate is not less than 3 hours, its door shall be of fire resistance rate not less than 2 hour and shall be automatically closed, and moreover a distinguished sign shall be fixed on it.

3. Sufficient natural ventilation shall be provided for the burner’s room. 4 The electrical fixtures shall be non flammable. 7-9-4 Ventilation and gases discharge: a) Natural ventilation shall be provided in the burner’s place and storage places in

an efficient way which doesn’t allow collection of liquid fuel steams in hazardous percentage which leads to fire, when the sufficient means of natural ventilation is not provided, ventilation may be artificial, provided that it shall be independent of any ventilation system in the building. The natural ventilation necessary to feed the burner with sufficient oxygen for burning process shall be calculated in addition to ordinary natural ventilation.

b) They shall be natural mean to the burner (chimney to discharge the gases resulting of burning, the chimney’s sector measures shall be calculated so that

66

it shall be enough to discharge the gases resulting of the burner, as per the instructions of the manufacturer.

C The chimney shall rise to reach a height of 1M above the point from which it comes out from the roof and 3M above the highest point from aiming part of a neighboring building, within a circle which half dia is 25 meters.

D) The chimney shall be built on a solid base so that it will be strong to resist the air conditions and outside influences, it may be built from fire bricks or concrete, in which case the internal hollow shall be smooth for easiness of cleaning.

E) The chimney may be made from steel sheets, in a way that it will be of sufficient thickness and its connections shall be joined together properly, shall be fixed on the walls or on strong stretching wires, so that it will not be affected with winds and outside influences.

F) The chimney shall be equipped with openings for cleaning and inspection, in suitable areas and distances, as per the nature of the place, especially in the curves (bends).

G) The chimney shall be provided with anti sparking machines on the head, if necessary in addition to carbon filter.

H) The smoke path shall not be near any burnable materials

7-9-5 Fire fighting equipment : a) The place where the burner is located shall be equipped with manual fire

extinguishers of reasonable type and number, suggested by the civil defense and the directorate general of civil defense shall be entitled to request any other preventive measurements.

b) Emergency spigot shall be installed on the pipe which feeds the burner with fuel, in order to close the pipe at emergencies, the pipe shall manually and automatically work due to the unnatural heat outside the burner, it usually works on 65 Centigrade temperature or any other Degree to be calculated on the basis of circumferential degree of the place with 20 – 30 degree excess.

7-10 Kitchen equipment:

a) All installations related to food processing equipment and machines shall be made in a way that the risks caused by these equipments to the safety of people shall be avoided.

b) Food processing equipment and their extensions shall be installed in accordance with the conditions related thereto.

c) Appropriate mechanical ventilation shall be provided for commercial kitchens

67

and protection shall be made by wet powder system or any other approved alternative system. An exception to this condition, are the kitchens where there are no oil or fat bases allocated for boiling.

Chapter: 8

Fire Fighting Equipment and Alarm Subject Page No 8-1 General 73 8-1-1 Types of fire fighting equipments 73 8-1-1-1 Portable manual equipments “first aid” 73 8-1-1-2 Fixed manual equipments 73 8-1-1-2-1 Hose Reel 73 8-1-1-2-2 CO2 fire fighting devices of hoes 73 8-1-1-2-3 Dry riser 73

68

8-1-1-2-4 Risers for pushing the foam 73 8-1-1-2-5 Wet risers 74 8-1-1-2-6 Fire hydrants 74 8-1-1-3 Automatic fixed fire fighting equipments 74 8-1-1-3-1 Automatic sprinkler system 74 8-1-1-3-2 Automatic co2 system 74 8-1-1-3-3 Automatic chemical powder system 74 8-1-1-3-4 Automatic foams systems 74 8-2 Portable fire extinguishers 74 8-2-1 General 75 8-2-2 Types of extinguishers 75 8-2-2-1 Water extinguishers 75 8-2-2-2 Foam extinguishers 76 8-2-2-3 CO2 extinguishers 76 8-2-2-4 Dry powder extinguishers 76 8-2-3 Types of fires and selecting suitable extinguishers 76 8-2-3-1 Fires of type (a) 77 8-2-3-2 Fires of type (b) 77 8-2-3-3 Fires of type (c ) 77 8-2-3-4 Fires of type (d) 77 8-2-4 Distribution of extinguishers 77 8-3 Dry riser System 77 8-3-1 General 77 8-3-2 Dry riser constituents 78 8-3-2-1 Rising vertical pipe 78 8-3-2-2 Point of projection 78 8-3-2-3 Risers 79 8-4 Wet riser system 79 8-4-1 General 79 8-4-2 Water sources 80 8-4-3 The pumps 80 8-4-4 System specifications 80 8-5 External fire hydrants 81 8-5-1 General 81 8-5-2 The network 81 8-5-3 Water sources 82 8-5-4 The pumps 82 8-5-5 The pressure 82 8-5-6 Risers 82 8-5-6-1 Definitions 82 8-5-6-2 Vertical “above the ground” risers 82 8-5-6-3 Under ground risers 83 8-6 Hose reel 83 8-6-1 General 83

69

8-6-2 The network pipes and joints 83 8-6-3 -- 84 8-6-4 Hose and its connections 84 8-6-5 Water sources 84 8-7 Fire alarm system 84 8-7-1 Manual fire alarm systems 84 8-7-2 Automatic fire alarm system 85 8-7-3 General Requirements 85

Chapter : 8 Fire Fighting Equipments and Alarm

8-1: General 8-1-1: Types of fire fighting equipments The fire fighting equipments used in the buildings are divided into:

• portable manual equipments • fixed manual equipments • automatic fixed manual equipments

8-1-1-1: Portable manual equipments “first aid”

70

Equipments used for fire fighting in its initial stages by normal persons who are present in the building, such as:

• manual extinguishers in all its types • manual water pumps • sand and water containers • special blankets for fire fighting

8-1-1-2 Fixed manual equipments A network of fixed extensions which are divided according to its work into the types stated hereunder: 8-1-1-2-1 Hose reel A network of fixed extensions of a continuing source supplies soft hoses with diameter of 20 or 25 mm. They are used for first aid by the normal persons existing in the building without need to previous training. 8-1-1-2-2 CO2 fire fighting devices of hoses They are principally similar to the previous type but they are used to fight limited areas and the material used in putting the fire off is CO2. 8-1-1-2-3 Dry riser A network of fixed extensions which are vacant from water, they contain a point of projection and valves (sockets) with the normal measure distributed into the required locations. They are used to provide assistance to civil defense men in thrusting the water to the high floors. 8-1-1-2-4 Risers for pushing the foam A fixed pipe used to push the foam in order to reach the places which can not be reached and which are normally used to store or to ignite the liquid fuel. 8-1-1-2-5 Wet risers A network of fixed extensions with water source which supplies valves (sockets) with normal measure used by civil defense men and they are used by civil defense men or by trained individuals. 8-1-1-2-6 Fire hydrants A network of underground extensions with source of water which supplies valves with normal measures and they are used by fire fighting men to fight the fire from outside the building.

8-1-1-3 Automatic fixed fire fighting equipments A network of fixed extensions with valves distributed in the locations required to be protected and they are supplied by a continuing source of proper extinguishing

71

material. They are automatically operated by effect of heating which results from fire, smoke, or by both effects, and they are of different types, stated as follows: 8-1-1-3-1 automatic sprinkler system A system which automatically operates. It is of different types as for its performance. It shall be referred to one of the approved specifications at designing and installing them. When it is required by the special conditions to install a system of sprinklers in the places and rooms which contain materials that are not in compliance with water as an extinguishing material (such as, Aluminum powder, calcium carbide, calcium phosphate, magnesium powder ….. etc.) the sprinklers must be replaced by another system in compliance with these materials and shall be from the approved type. 8-1-1-3-2 Automatic CO2 system A system with fixed extensions connected with CO2 cylinders automatically operated by effect of heating or smoke or by both means 8-1-1-3-3 Automatic chemical powder system It is the same as the previous system with a different extinguishing material. 8-1-1-3-4 Automatic foams system It is the same as the previous system with a different extinguishing material.

8-2 Portable fire extinguishers 8-2-1 General A. portable fire extinguishers are a light manual means to extinguish the fire in its initial stages and they are considered of the first aid fire equipments. B. the portable fire extinguishers are requested at any building which is subject to the civil defense approval or at any location the work performed at requests civil defense approval and also subject to the special conditions. C. the portable fire extinguishers shall be from the approved type under official permit from the general administration of civil defense. D. the portable fire extinguishers shall be kept in sound good condition ready for use when they are needed through taking the necessary arrangements to conduct procedures of periodical examination and inspection and the required maintenance by the accredited agent or a specialized technical body approved by the civil defense according to the approved specifications:

72

E. the works of inspection and periodical examination depend on the approved specifications, which are generally as the following: 1. Half annual: superficial inspection to make sure that the extinguishers in its contents are operative. 2. Annual: inspection of all the extinguishers with the contents to make sure that the operation tools are workable. 3. Every three years: comprehensive inspection in the factory or specialized workshops for all the parts of the extinguishers with putting the extinguisher under hydrostatic pressure test every five years. 4. After each fire accident, the extinguishers must be examined like the condition (3) above. 8-2-2 types of extinguishers The portable fire extinguishers are divided, in respect of extinguishing material, into the following three main types: 8-2-2-1 water extinguishers They are the extinguishers which provide water as an extinguishing material to put the fire off; they are divided into two types: 1. Water extinguishers by gas pressure: it is a cylinder full of water by normal

pressure inside installed of which a small cylinder (cartridge) pressured by CO2 and in case of need to operate it; the head of cartridge is pierced in order to release the pressured gas pushing forcefully the water out of a valve or a projection hose.

2. Water extinguishers kept by pressure: Cylinder two thirds of which are full of water and the other third is full with normal air or Nitrogen gas by the required pressure. At starting off, the seal will be opened and the water will be pushed by effect of the confined pressure.

8-2-2-2 foam extinguishers The extinguishers which provide liquid foam as an extinguishing material, they are of two types:

1. Chemical foam extinguishers: the type which provides foam by effect of chemical reaction and the foam is projected by pressure results from the reaction.

2. Mechanical foam extinguishers: the type which gives foam mechanically by mixing the liquid foam material with water and air. The projection is made by CO2, which is pressured inside small cylinder (cartridge).

8-2-2-3 CO2 extinguishers

73

The extinguishers which provide CO2 as an extinguishing material. They are principally one type with difference in sizes only, the gas is kept under pressure is in liquid condition and to be released at starting off by opening the control seal at the head of the cylinder. 8-2-2-4 dries powder extinguishers a) the extinguishers which provide dry chemical powder as an extinguishing material to put the fire off , in respect of the chemical compound of the powder they are of several types , the most important of which are:

• The powder which is most dominated by bicarbonate of sodium. It is commercially prevailing.

• The powder which is most dominated by bicarbonate of potassium, and it is little used.

• Multi-purposes powder: Powders which are used to fires of minerals. They are not used, except in special situations.

b) In respect of way of operation, there are two types of these extinguishers: a) 1. Extinguishers which work by pressured gas: as the powder is projected by CO2 pressure kept inside a small cylinder “cartridge” under pressure. 2. Extinguishers which work by reserved pressure: as the powder is projected by the normal air pressure or Nitrogen pressured inside the cylinder with the powder. 8-2-3 types of fires and selecting suitable extinguishers a) The following aspects should be observed at selecting the suitable type of the portable fire extinguishers: 1. Extinguishers in one location should be operated in one way in order to avoid confusion and mistake at using these extinguishers at occurrence of fire. 2. Extinguishers of hose should be used at locations with high place or those which require a projection angle. 3. Selecting the proper type for the location in respect of projection distance or projection type (spray or stream) 4. Selecting the types of reasonable weights which are proper for the persons who use them. 5. Selecting the types which are easy to be used and maintained. b) Fires are divided into four main types: (a), (b), (c), and (d), they will be set out hereunder with their suitable type of the portable fire extinguishers respectively: 8-2-3-1 fires of type (a) The fires of normal solid materials of carbonic origin, such as, papers, wood, cloth and else, it is suitable to put them off by water, foam, or multi-purposes powder. 8-2-3-2 fires of type (b)

74

The fast burning or flammable liquids, it is suitable to put them off by foam, dry powder or CO2. 8-2-3-3 fires of type (c) Fires which occur in the electrical equipments, it is suitable to put them off by CO2 or by dry powder. Water or foam to put these fires off must not be used before disconnection of power from these equipments. 8-2-3-4 fires of type (d) The fires which occur in the minerals such as, magnesium, titanium, sodium, potassium and else. They are suitable to put their fire off by a special type of dry powder. There are some minerals which are not suitable to put their fire off, except by a certain type of dry powder and other than that type cannot be used with them. However, civil defense administration shall be consulted in this respect and instructions fixed on the extinguishers by factory shall be followed up. 8-2-4 distribution of extinguishers Extinguishers shall be distributed in the suitable places which are recommended by the general administration of civil defense, generally, the following conditions shall be observed:

1. The extinguishers shall be kept in special, storing locations in order to protect them from weather conditions and tampering. If they are not exposed to weather conditions, they can be hanged openly on the walls.

2. Guidance plates shall be fixed on the locations of the extinguishers with writing down the required instructions about way of use and precautions to which attention shall be paid.

3. location of the extinguishers shall be in a suitable place that can be easily reached , provided that they are:

• as close as possible to the outside • Distance to reach the closest extinguishers shall not be more than 22 meter. • Shall rise approximately one meter above the ground surface. 4. The extinguishers shall be protected from weather conditions. 5. Number and capacity of the required extinguishers shall be specified by referring

to one of the approved specifications, provided that they shall not be less than two extinguishers in a floor.

8-3 Dry riser system 8-3-1 general This network is required in the following buildings (with taking into consideration that in case there are current networks of risers, there is no need for this dry riser system):

75

1. Buildings which consist of four floors including ground floor (or if the height is more than 9 meter, in comparison to the platform level until level of ground of highest occupied floor).

2. all the buildings in which the moving distance from any area in them to the nearest point reached by civil defense equipments increases than 120 meter, with exception of the following conditions:

• buildings which are totally protected by sprinklers • Occupancies of groups (Alef-4), (alef-5), (Sad-2), (Zaa-2), (Dal-3). • Buildings with flooring area which does not increase more than 1500 meter

square. 3. All other locations and conditions required as per the special conditions.

8-3-2 Dry riser constituents The dry riser consists of the following parts:

• rising vertical pipe which supplies the valves • point of projecting the water down the network by the civil defense • valves (sockets) in the floors

8-3-2-1: Rising vertical pipe A. the network in general, including its pipes and joints, shall be from good mineral material and according to the applied regulations or valid legislations related to the network of distributing the water which is approved by civil defense. B. if the pipe supplies two risers in each floor, its diameter shall not be less than 150mm. If it supplies one riser in each floor, its diameter shall not be less than 100mm. C. the pipe in the highest point at the roof and in the open air shall be supplied with a seal to discharge the air out of the network in case of pumping the water. In case of any change in the direction of the pipe, elbows with big diameters must be used in order to reduce the friction losers.

8-3-2-2 point of projection a. The network shall be supplied at the level of the ground floor with a riser to

project the water by civil defense pumps, provided that they shall be male risers, pressed, with diameter of 64 mm and they shall not be less than two.

b. Point of projection shall be supplied with protection cover connected with a sewer with a sufficient length for each riser and sprinkler seal and a pipe the diameter of which 25mm to discharge the water from the network.

76

c. Point of projection shall be located in a suitable place to be approved by the general administration of civil defense for which the nature of the location, fire hydrants in the streets and avoiding glass, or any other material, falling down from the windows during the occurrence of fire with taking into consideration the conditions mentioned in the third chapter.

d. point of projection shall be kept inside mineral cabinet in the wall, about one

meter above pavement level with a door on which a armed glass installed with a lock which can be opened from inside after breaking the glass. The words (riser- point of water projection) with capital letters shall be written on the glass.

8-3-2-3 Risers A. Water sockets (valves) shall be branched from the main network with female valve, pressed 64mm, supplied with closing seal (as per the specifications and sample with the civil defense). Those valves shall be distributed into all the floors including basement and outer roof of the building. b. Each point shall not be more than 30 meter from the closest riser (the distance is the natural direction course), this distance can be increased for 9 meter, which is the distance of projection of the water current, provided that there are no obstacles within the last 9 meter distance which block the water current. c. The riser shall be located at a proper place to be approved by the general administration of civil defense , it shall be observed that it is far from risk of fire and easily accessible , such as to be at the exits. The riser shall be kept within the wall about one meter above the ground surface or inside a cabinet with proper measures and to be written on the glass: (Riser). e. The system should be connected with electricity power and connected with

conveying earth pole as per the approved specifications. f. The system shall be designed and executed to stand the required load, provided

that it must undergo test of hydrostatic pressure before it is oiled and before the building is used in order to ensure its suitability in work and to deal with what appear from faults in an early stage.

g. The system should be kept in sound condition and to be protected from tampering

and damage and also should be maintained in order to be still working properly at all times, and shall be subject to periodical inspection to make sure of its readiness for operation.

77

h. Installment of the risers’ network shall be embarked on during execution in order to rise with the rise of the building for providing an available means of assistance for the civil defense men in fighting fire during the period of execution.

8-4 Wet Riser System 8-4-1 General a. this system is required at the buildings consist of ten floors or more including

ground floor ( or if the height is more than 28 meter from platform level until level of the flooring of highest occupied floor), and in the other situations required by the special conditions also.

b. Specifications of this dry riser system are applied to this system and also what will be mentioned from these conditions. The duty of this system shall be confined to fire fighting only.

c. Main keys and seals of the system are to be kept in special locked places and a copy of the key shall be kept in a box closed with glass plate fixed at the gate of the building in order to avoid tampering.

8-4-2 water sources The system shall be supplied with water source in a form of tank which is sufficient to fight fire for at least half an hour. 8-4-3 the pumps a. every system should be provided with two pumps, one of which is main and

working by electricity power, the other is spare and works by Diesel (or by power, provided it is connected with the generator) capacity of each shall not be less than 500 American Gallon per minuet, and pressure equals the height of the building with addition of 45 meter plus frication losers.

b. The two pumps are working in parallel in drawing water from the tank and the

drawing pipe is connected with spray seal to prevent water returning back to the tank. The main and spare pump must work automatically when the static pressure reduces in the system down to 5% and automatically stops when the pressure returns to its normal condition.

c. An automatic alarm device must be installed in case of operating the pumps connected with the following:

• an alarm bell in a suitable location at the ground floor to be approved by the general administration of civil defense

• Main board of alarm bells in the building, if they are available. • Board of control on the pumps

d. the board of control on the pumps must be at the ground floor and be designed to

give the following information: • volume of water in the tank

78

• pressure in the system • a signal at operating the pumps • Keys for operating the pumps manually.

8-4-4 system specifications a. The remaining pressure at each current riser should not be less than 45 meter and

should not be more than 70 meter. b. Diameter of the rising pipe shall not be less than 150mm if it supplies two risers in

each floor or if its height is more than 30 meter. If it supplies one riser in each floor and it is less than 30 meter, its diameter shall not be less than 100mm.

c. Pipes of the system shall not pass through dangerous areas or to be exposed to weather conditions or any external possible effects.

d. The conditions mentioned in (8-3-2-1) and (8-3-2-2) and (8-3-2-3) with all its provisions, except what is related to the pipe’s diameter, shall be applied.

e. Installment of the risers system shall be embarked on during execution in order to rise with the rise of the building for making a means of assistance available for the civil defense men in fighting fire during the period of execution.

f. Workers in the construction shall be trained on use of risers and maintaining it according a program to be agreed on with the general administration of civil defense, and also required arrangements for conducting periodical inspection on the system shall be make in order to make sure of its readiness for operation.

8-5 External fire hydrants 8-5-1 General 8-5-1 The purpose of the external fire hydrants is to enable fire fighting of the

buildings and establishment from outside and they are located in the yards and internal roads between the complexes of buildings required to be protected according to requirements of the special conditions. As for the system related to risers in the main streets of the city, they are not subject to these conditions. the external fire hydrants consist of the following:

• network of pipes which supply the risers • water sources • risers

8-5-2 The network a. the network consists of main lines connected with it sub-lines with smaller

diameter so as they all formulate a full circuit and full network penetrates the site to cover the places required to be protected. The design of the network should observe dividing it into several branches controls each of

79

them a sub-closing seal in order to provide possible facilities for operation and maintenance, such as possibility of concentrating the pressure and directing it to the fire area by closing the other lines, in addition to that the whole network would not be put out of order in case of conducting maintenance on some of the lines.

b. The network as a whole (pipes, connections and seals) shall be made of

good mineral materials and as per the approved specifications.

c. Diameter of the pipes used depends on calculations of the design of the network such as water sources, its flow, and number of risers which are supplied. However, the diameter of the pipe which supplies the riser shall not be less than 100mm.

d. The necessary signs shall be put on the places of the main and sub keys with

the possible information.

e. All seals must be still open or to be tied and locked (in open condition), if the place is open and exposed to tampering.

8-5-3 water sources a. A sufficient water source must be provided for the network in order to supply the

required quantity of water as per the project requirements. However, they should not be less than 250 Gallon per minute for at least one hour.

b. If the external fire hydrants are supplementary to the interior system, it can be supplied form the same source.

8-5-4 the pumps As for the pumps, they are generally complying with what has been mentioned in the clause (8-4-3) so as to ensure the required pressure and flow. 8-5-5- pressure Required pressure depends on the project requirements and the general administration of civil defense’s recommendations; however, it must not be less than 45 meter. 8-5-6 : risers 8-5-6-1: definitions a. Risers are the points which are connected with the water network and end into a (valve) connected with the hoses when required to be provided with necessary waters to fight the fire , they are usually divided into two types , one under ground , the other above the ground:

80

Locations of risers to be specified at proper strategic points according to the project’s requirements to give the best position to cover the places required to be protected, provided that the following should be observed:

• They should not be put in locations that they become unpractical at use. • They should not form an obstacle to the exits of the building or mechanisms of

the civil defense. • They should be not less than 7 meter from the establishments required to be

protected. b. a sign to be fixed at each riser , as per the sample kept with the general administration of the civil defense , indicates number of the riser and its diameter and it shall be fixed on the nearest neighboring wall- if it is not possible , it should be hanged on a mineral post.

8-5-6-2: vertical “above the ground” risers a. it is a fixed vertical post connected from below with the supplying network and ends at the top with a valve or more with a cover connected with a sewer for each riser as per the sample kept with the general administration of the civil defense, the diameter of the vertical pipe shall not be less than 100mm. B. a seal to be put beside each riser inside an inspection hole as per the approved specifications. 8-5-6-3 under ground risers a. it is a structure made of cast iron includes the seal and ends with a male valve “exit” with a circular tooth connected with a sewer . It must be according to the approved specifications and the sample kept with the general administration of the civil defense. B. the under ground risers are of two types:

• One type connected with horizontal supplying pipe. • The other type is connected with the vertical supplying pipe.

C. risers shall be kept in an inspection hole as per the approved specifications, provided the following should be observed: 1. The roof of the hole shall have two openings one for maintenance, the other is for the riser. 2. the opening of the riser shall be directly above the riser for easiness of using the vertical connection pipe, and shall has a cover that could be easily opened by civil defense members and as per the British specifications (750). 3. Distance between head of the riser and outer surface of the hole shall not be more than 35-40 cm. 8-6 : Hose reel 8-6-1 : General

81

A. the network of plastic hoses with a reel is a simple means for fighting the fire as a first aid only by the occupants themselves, without need to previous training. They are rubber hoses with a diameter of 20 or 30mm coiled on reels and fixed on the wall inside mineral boxes and they are connected directly with the water network. B. required at the places limited by the special conditions, and consists of the following elements: 1. The network 2. The reel 3. The hose and its joints 4. Water source C. the hose and the reel shall be maintained in order to be ready for use. A periodical inspection shall be conducted on them to make sure that it is in sound condition, provided that the use of the hose with a reel shall be limited to fire fighting works only. 8-6-2 a. the network (pipes and joints) shall be made of good material and according to the applied specifications and regulations. Diameter of the rising main pipe which supplies the hoses shall not be less than 1, 5 inch. B. a closing seal shall be installed at the beginning of the sub-line which supplies the hose. It is normally to be immediately before the hose and to be kept at the same cabinet. 8-6-3 a. the reel is two cylinders made of iron plates with a diameter of about 55 cm which form the two sides of the reel and they are separated by a distance of nearly 18 cm. the pivot is a hollow post which forms the pipe which connects the network with the end of the reel. The reel is connected with a mineral holder fixed on the wall of different types. b. to prevent tampering with the hose, it should be kept in a cabinet with an open-able door or locked with glass front and the lock can be opened from inside. A copy of the key shall be kept inside a box with a glass cover fixed inside the cabinet. c. the reel shall be put in a proper location to be approved by the general administration of the civil defense and should be far from fire hazard and easy to be reached , such as stairs and other exits. 8-6-4: Hose and its connections A. the hose shall be made of rubber or any similar material, strong, unbendable or be siphoned, in case be drawn, or wrapped on corners. Diameter of the hose is 20 or 25 mm, its length is 30 meter. Any point in the floor shall not be far from closest hose more than 30 meter ( and it is the distance of the natural length course), with possibility of increasing this distance for six meter which is the distance of water current projection, provided that there are no obstacles within the last six meter which prevent water current arrival. B. the end of the hose is connected with the pivot which forms at the same time connection pipe with the network and the other end with a projection valve its diameter

82

is about 5 to 6 mm connected with closing valve which controls the water current projected. 8-6-5 water sources A. the network is connected with permanent water source in the form of current water line or a fixed tank with a pump or a raised tank which allows flowing of the water by effect of gravity, the remaining pressure with the projector shall not be less than 2 bars. 8-7 fire alarm systems The fire alarm systems are divided into two main types: 1. manual alarm systems 2. Automatic alarm systems.

8-7-1 manual fire alarm systems It is a system which manually operated by keys (calling point) distributed in certain locations. It works by power of electricity. The manual alarm system consists of:

1. calling points 2. alarm bells 3. control board

8-7-2 automatic alarm systems

Is a system works by electric power for detecting fire then set off alarm? The automatic alarm system consists of: 1. Fire detectors (smoke-flame- heat…etc.) 2. alarm bells 3. control board

The automatic alarm system works by the following means:

1. At operating automatic fire equipments, if they are available. 2. by fire detectors 3. manually by calling points

8-7-3 general requirements A. the fire alarm system is required as per the special conditions according to the type of occupancy B. the fire alarm system shall be installed, tested and maintained according to one of the approved specifications. C. the fire alarm system shall be subject to approved maintenance program and periodical inspection in order to ensure the operation of the system as required, provided that special records for this purpose shall be opened.

83

CHAPTER: 9

SPECIAL CONDITIONS AS PER OCCUPANCY TYPE:

SUBJECT PAGE NO: 9-1: (Group A) Assembling Occupancy: (86) 9-1-1: General (86) 9-1-1-1: Definitions: (86) 9-1-1-2: Multiple Occupancy: (87) 9-1-1-3: Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments: (87) 9-1-1-4: Contents’ hazard degree: (87) 9-1-1-5: Constructional Requirements: (87)

84

9-1-2: Means of Egress: (87) 9-1-2-1: Occupancy loads: (87) 9-1-2-2: Means of Egress Capacity: (88) 9-1-2-3: Movement distance: (88) 9-1-2-4: Exit Discharge: (88) 9-1-2-6: Components of means of egress: (88) 9-1-2-7: No of exits: (89) 9-1-2-8: Arrangements of means of egress: (89) 9-1-2-8-1: Arrangements of seats: (89) 9-1-2-8-2: Fixed seats: (89) 9-1-2-9: Luxury Seats: (90) 9-1-2-9-1: Stair corridor: (91) 9-1-2-9-2: Assembling occupants in open air and which is surrounded by fences: (91) 9-1-2-9-3: Protection from falling down barriers: (91) 9-1-2-9-4 : Barriers on the sides and backside of the seat: (91) 9-1-2-9-5: Places excluded from barriers condition: (91) 9-1-3: Protection: (92) 9-1-3-1: Protection of vertical spaces: (92) 9-1-3-2: Protection from outside fire spreading: (92) 9-1-3-3: Division into fire sectors: (92) 9-1-3-4: Protection from hazards: (92) 9-1-3-4-1: Protection of special services room: (92) 9-1-3-4-2: Protection of other places: (92) 9-1-3-5: Interior Finishes: (93) 9-1-4: Special measurements: (93) 9-1-4-1: Review of lives’ safety: (93) 9-1-4-2: Stages and platforms: (94) 9-1-4-2-1: Building of a platform: (94) 9-1-4-2-2: Building of a Stage: (94) 9-1-4-2-3: Attached Rooms: (94) 9-1-4-2-4: Ventilation: (94) 9-1-4-2-5: Separation of the stage from public’s area: (95) 9-1-4-2-6: Spreading of flames: (95) 9-1-4-2-7: Protection of a stage with sprinklers (95) 9-1-4-3: Cartoons films show rooms: (95) 9.1.4.4.: Extra ordinary amusement building: (96) 9-1-4-5: Additional measurements related to exhibitions: (96) 9-1- 4-5-1: Goods’ display rooms: (96) 9-1-5: Fire fighting equipments and machines: (97) 9-1-5-1: Protection by water sprinklers: (97) 9-1-5-2: Other alarm and fire fighting equipment (97) 9-1-6: Operation and follows up: (97) 9-1-6-1: Cooking Equipment: (97) 9-1-6-2: Furniture and decoration: (97)

85

9-1-6-3: Crowd Management: (98) 9-1-6-4: Mock drill vacation process: (98) 9-1-6-5: Smoking: (98) 9-1-6-6: Seats (98) 9-2: Group (B) 103 9-2-1: General (103) 9-2-1-1: Definition of educational occupancies (103) 9-2-1-2: Other Establishments: (103) 9-2-1-3: Mixed occupancy: (103) 9-2-1-4: Assembling occupancies: (103) 9-2-1-5 Arrival of Civil defense machines and equipments: (103) 9-2-1-6: Contents’ hazard degree: (104) 9-2-1-7: Constructional requirements: (104) 9-2-2: Means of egress (104) 9-2-2-1: General (104) 9-2-2-2: Occupancy load: (104) 9-2-2-3: Components of means of egress (104) 9-2-2-4: No of exits (104) 9-2-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: (105) 9-2-2-5-1: General (105) 9-2-2-5-2: Interior corridors: (105) 9-2-2-5-3: Corridors inside classes: (105) 9-2-2-6: Travel distance: (105) 9-2-2-7: Discharge of exit (105) 9-2-2-8: Rescue and ventilation windows: (105) 9-2-2-9: Capacity of means of egress: (105) 9-2-3 Protection: 106 9-2-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: 106 9-2-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. 106 9-2-3-3 Division into fire sectors: 106 9-2-3-4 Protection from hazards: 107 9-2-3-5 Kitchen Equipment: 107 9-2-3-6 Stages: 107 9-2-3-7 Interior finishes 107 9-2-4- Fire fighting equipment and machines: 108 9-2-4-1 Requirements of water sprinklers: 108 9-2-4-2 Other Fire fighting and alarm equipment: 108 9-2-4-3 Engineering services: 108 9-2-5 Operation and follow up: 108 9-2-5-1 Vacation of exercises: 108 9-2-5-2 Daily inspection: 108 9-2-5-3 Furniture and decoration: 108

9-3: Reformatory and Punitive occupancy: 111

86

9-3-1 General 111 9-3-1-1 Definition 111 9-3-1-2 Application: 111 9-3-1-3 Mix occupancies: 111 9-3-1-4 Comprehensive Protection: 112 9-3-1-5 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments: 112 9-3-1-6 Degree of contents’ hazard: 112 9-3-1-7 Classification of reformatory and punitive

occupancies as per conditions of use. 112

Alternative solutions for smoke sectors: 113 Administrative and security procedures: 114 Constructional requirements: 114

Means of Egress: 114 General: 114 Occupancy load: 115 Components of means of egress: 115 Doors 115 Horizontal exits and places of temporary refuge: 116 Number of exits: 116 Arrangement of means of egress: 116 Traveling distance: 117 Discharge of exit: 117 Capacity of means of egress: 117

9-3-1-8 9-3-1-9 9-3-1-10 9-3-2 9-3-2-1 9-3-2-2 9-3-2-3 9.3.2.3.1 9-3-2-3-2 9-3-2-4 9-3-2-5 9-3-2-6 9-3-2-7 9-3-2-8 9-3-3

Protection 117 9-3-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 117 9-3-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 117 9-3-3-3 Division into fire sectors 118 9-3-3-4 Protection from hazards 118 9-3-3-5 Interior finishes 118 9-3-3-6 Division into smoke sectors 118 9-3-4 Alarm & Fire fighting equipments and machines 119 9-3-4-1 Detection, alarm and communications systems 119 9-3-4-1-1 General 119 9-3-4-1-2 Dweller’s alarm 119 9-3-4-1-3 Fire detection machines 120 9-3-4-2 Protection with water sprinklers 120 9-3-4-3 Manual extinguishers 120 9-3-4-4 Rubber hoses 121 9-3-4-5 Wet risers net work 121 9-3-4-6 Engineering services 121

87

9-3-5 Operation and follow up 121 9-3-5-1 Security individuals 121 9-3-5-2 Emergency plan & mock exercises 122 9-3-5-3 Books and clothes 123 9-3-5-4 Heat emerging equipment 123 9-3-5-5 Furniture, furnishing and decoration 123 9-3-5-6

Keys 123

9-4 Care occupancies 128 9-4-1 General 128 9-4-1-1 Definition 128 9-4-1-2 Mix occupancies 128 9-4-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments 129 9-4-1-4 Contents’ hazard degree 129 9-4-1-5 Constructional requirements 129 9-4-1-6 Comprehensive protection 9-4-2 Means of egress 130 9-4-2-1 -- 130 9-4-2-2 Occupancy loading 130 9-4-2-3 Components of means of egress 130 9-4-2-3-1 Doors 130 9-4-2-3-2 Horizontal exits and temporary refuge area 131 9-4-2-3-3 Corridors 131 9-4-2-3-4 External windows 131 9-4-2-4 Nos of exits 131 9-4-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 132 9-4-2-6 Traveling Distance 132 9-4-2-7 Discharge of exits 133 9-4-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 133 9-4-3 Protection 133 9-4-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 133 9-4-3-2 Protection for external spreading of fire 133 9-4-3-3 Division into fire sectors 133 9-4-3-4 Protection from hazards 134 9-4-3-4-1 General 134 9-4-3-4-2 Laboratories 134 9-4-3-4-3 Anesthesia areas 134 9-4-3-4-4 Medical gas 134 9-4-3-4-5 Gifts selling shop 134 9-4-3-4-6 Commercial kitchens 134 9-4-3-4-7 Helicopter pad 135 9-4-3-5 Interior finishes 135 9-4-3-6 Division into smoke sectors 136 9-4-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 137

88

9-4-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 137 9-4-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipments 137 9-4-4-3 Engineering services 137 9-4-5 Operation and follow up 139 9-4-5-1 Emergency plan and mock exercises 139 9-4-5-2 Measures to be taken during fire 139 9-4-5-3 Maintenances of the exits 139 9-4-5-4 Smoking 139 139 9-4-5-5 Furniture and decorations 140 9-5 Hotels and sleeping areas occupancies. 140 9-5-1-1 Definition 140 9-5-1-2 Mixed occupancies 141 9-5-1-3 Arrival of Civil defense machines & equipments 141 9-5-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 141 9-5-1-5

Constructional requirements 141

9-5-2 Means of egress 141 9-5-2-1 General 141 9-5-2-2 Occupancy load 141 9-5-2-3 Components of means of egress 142 9-5-2-4 No of exits 142 9-5-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 142 9-5-2-6 Traveling distance 142 9-5-2-7 Discharge of exits 142 9-5-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 143 9-5-3 Protection 143 9-5-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 143 9-5-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 143 9-5-3-3 Division into fire sectors 143 9-5-3-4 Protection from hazards 143 9-5-3-5 Interior finishes 144 9-5-3-6 Furniture and decorations 144 9-5-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 144 9-5-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 144 9-5-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 146 9-5-4-3 Engineering services 146 9-5-5 Operation and follow up 146 9-5-5-1 Emergency planning and mock exercises 146 9-5-5-2 Measures to be applied during fire 146 9-5-5-3

Safety instructions 146

9-6 Residential flat occupants: 9-6-1 General 147

89

9-6-1-1 Residential flat occupants 147 9-6-1-2 Mix occupants 147 9-6-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments 147 9-6-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 147 9-6-1-5

Constructional requirements 148

9-6-2 Means of egress 148 9-6-2-1 General 148 9-6-2-2 Occupancy load 148 9-6-2-3 Components of means of egress 148 9-6-2-4 No of exits 148 9-6-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 148 9-6-2-6 Traveling distance 149 9-6-2-7 Discharge of exits 149 9-6-2-8

Capacity of means of egress 149

9-6-3 Protection 149 9-6-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 149 9-6-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 149 9-6-3-3 Division into fire sectors 149 9-6-3-4 Protection from hazards 149 9-6-3-5 Interior finishes 150 9-6-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 152 9-6-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 152 9-6-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 152 9-6-4-3 Engineering services 152 9-6-5

Emergency instructions for the residents 152

9-7 Single Family Two Family building 152 9-7-1 General 152 9-7-1-1 Application 152 9-7-1-2 Mixed occupancies 152 9-7-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments 153 9-7-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 153 9-7-1-5 Constructional requirements 153 9-7-2 Means of egress 153 9-7-2-1 General 154 9-7-2-2 No and type of means of egress 154 9-7-2-2-1 Main mean of egress 154 9-7-2-2-2 Secondary mean of egress 154 9-7-2-3 Arrangements of means of egress 154 9-7-3 Protection 154 9-7-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 155 9-7-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 155

90

9-7-3-3 Division into fire sectors 155 9-7-3-4 Interior finishes 155 9-7-3-5

Protection from fire 155

9-8 Administrative and Professional occupancies 155 9-8-1 General 156 9-8-1-1 Definition of administrative and Professional

occupancies 156

9-8-1-2 Mixed occupancies 156 9-8-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments 156 9-8-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 157 9-8-1-5 Constructional requirements 157 9-8-2 Means of egress 157 9-8-2-1 General 157 9-8-2-2 Occupancy load 157 9-8-2-3 Components of means of egress 157 9-8-2-4 No of exits 157 9-8-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 157 9-8-2-6 Traveling distance 158 9-8-2-7 Discharge of exits 158 9-8-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 158 9-8-3 Protection 158 9-8-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 158 9-8-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 158 9-8-3-3 Division into fire sectors 158 9-8-3-4 Protection from hazards 159 9-8-3-5 Interior finishes 162 9-8-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 162 9-8-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 162 9-8-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 162 9-8-4-3 Engineering services 162 9-8-5 Emergency instructions for the residents 163 9-8-5-1 Mock vacation exercises 163 9-8-5-2 Preliminary fighting equipment

163

9-9 Commercial Occupancies 163 9-9-1 General 163 9-9-1-1 Definition of commercial occupancies 163 9-9-1-2 Mixed occupancies 164 9-9-1-3 Classification of commercial occupancies 164 9-9-1-4 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments 164 9-9-1-5 Contents’ degree of hazard 164 9-9-1-6

Constructional requirements 164

91

9-9-2 Means of egress 165 9-9-2-1 General 165 9-9-2-2 Occupancy load 165 9-9-2-3 Components of means of egress 165 9-9-2-4 No of exits 165 9-9-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 165 9-9-2-6 Discharge of exits 166 9-9-2-7

Capacity of means of egress 166

9-9-3 Protection 166 9-9-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 166 9-9-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 167 9-9-3-3 Division into fire sectors 167 9-9-3-4 Protection from hazards 167 9-9-3-5 Interior finishes 167 9-9-4 Special arrangements 167 9-9-4-1 Commercial operation in open air 167 9-9-4-2 Covered mall buildings 170 9-9-4-2-1 Means of egress from shopping malls 170 9-9-4-2-2 Details of means of egress 170 9-9-5 Fire fighting equipments and machines 170 9-9-5-1 Requirements of protection by water sprinklers 170 9-9-5-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipments 171 9-9-5-3 Engineering services 171 9-9-6 Operation and follow up

171

9-10 Storage occupancies 171 9-10-1 General 171 9-10-1-1 Ordinary storage occupancies 172 9-10-1-1-1 Storage occupancy with low hazard 172 9-10-1-1-2 Special storage occupancies 172 9-10-1-1-3 Storage establishment in open air 172 9-10-1-2 Application 172 9-10-1-3 Mixed occupancies 172 9-10-1-4 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipment 172 9-10-1-5 Constructional requirements 173 9-10-2 Means of egress 173 9-10-2-1 General 173 9-10-2-2 Occupancy load 173 9-10-2-3 Components of means of egress 173 9-10-2-4 No of means of egress 173 9-10-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 173 9-10-2-6 Traveling distance 173 9-10-2-7 Discharge of exits 174

92

9-10-2-8

Capacity of means of egress 174

9-10-3 Protection 174 9-10-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 174 9-10-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 174 9-10-3-3 Division into fire sectors 174 9-10-3-4 Protection from hazards 174 9-10-3-5 Interior finishes

177

9-10-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 177 9-10-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 177 9-10-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 177 9-10-4-3

Engineering services 178

9-10-5 Operation and follow up 178 9-10-5-1 Emergency plan 178 9-10-5-2 Preliminary fighting equipments 178 9-11 Storage occupancies 178 9-11-1 General 179 9-11-1-1 Definition of storage occupancies 179 9-11-1-2 Application 179 9-11-1-3 High Hazard Storage occupancies 179 9-11-1-4 Open storage buildings 179 9-11-1-5 Mixed occupancies 179 9-11-1-6 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments 179 9-11-1-7 Constructional requirements 179 9-11-2 Means of egress 179 9-11-2-1 General 179 9-11-2-2 Occupancy load 179 9-11-2-3 Components of means of egress 179 9-11-2-4 No of means of egress 179 9-11-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 179 9-11-2-6 Traveling distance 179 9-11-2-7 Discharge of exits 180 9-11-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 180 9-11-3 Protection 180 9-11-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 180 9-11-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 180 9-11-3-3 Divisions into fire sectors 180 9-11-3-4 Protection from hazards 180 9-11-3-5 Interior finishes 180 9-11-4 Special conditions related to car parking 181 9-11-4-1 Application 181 9-11-4-2 Mixed occupants 181

93

9-11-4-3 Parking areas open for 181 9-11-4-4 181 9-11-4-5 181 9-11-4-6 185 9-11-5 182 9-11-5-1 182 9-11-5-2 182 9-11-5-3 182 9-11-6 182 9-12 185 9-12-1 185 9-12-1-1 185 9-12-1-2 185 9-12-1-3 186 9-12-1-4 186 9-12-1-5 187 9-12-1-6 187 9-12-1-7 187 9-12-2 188 9-12-2-1 188 9-12-2-2 188 9-12-2-3 188 9-12-2-4 188 9-12-2-5 188 9-12-2-6 188 9-12-2-7 189 9-12-2-8 189 9-12-3 189 9-12-3-1 189 9-12-3-2 189 9-12-3-3 189 9-12-3-4 189 9-12-4 190 9-12-4-1 190 9-12-4-2 190 9-12-4-3 190 9-12-5 190 9-12-5-1 190 9-12-5-2 190

94

9-1: (Group A) Assembling Occupancy:

9-1-1: General 9-1-1-1: Definitions: Assembly Occupancy: It is buildings or parts of sated in 4-2-1, which includes bases of assembly of 50 persons or more for entertainment, amusement, culture, religious practices, sports, shows, food or similar activities, it shall be divided into five sub groups stated in 4-2-1. Stage: It is a space inside the building used for entertainment of amusement with background scenes, decorations and other show effects; it shall be divided into two main types:

1) Legitimate stage This is a stage which the space above it exceeds a measurement from the lowest point on the stage flooring upto the highest point on surface or on the roof, which is directly above the stage, 15M. 2) Regular stage: This is a stage which the highest of the space over it doesn’t exceed 15M. Platform: This is the high place inside the building used to present music shows or place and other means of entertainment (such as lecture halls platforms, boxing platforms and similar things) without a need for decoration or background scenes, except for lighting. Temporary Platform: This is a platform made for a limited period which doesn’t exceed 30 days. Proscenium wall: This is walls which separates the theatre from the audience. Special Amusement buildings: Any building whether temporary, permanent or moveable which include a machine or system allocated to transfer people in any direction for fun, in a way with which the means of egress are not clear due to live, vocal or other influences or means of egress will not be available due to the transfer way within the building or establishment such as ghost city and deathtrap inside closed areas. 9-1-1-2: Multiple Occupancy: a) When assembling occupancies are within a building with other occupancies such as restaurants in commercial buildings, party halls in hotels, meeting halls in schools, an appropriate measurement shall be taken to protect its occupants from the risk of arising from any fire which may take place in other occupancy areas. Protection may be made by separation with fire resisting barriers or by selecting suitable places.

95

b) Exits may be common between assembling occupancies and other occupancies, provided that it shall be calculated so that it will be enough for vacation from all occupancies in the same time. c) Multiple occupancies shall be separated as per the conditions stated in 4-5. d) The only means of egress for any residential unit shall not pass through assembling occupancy located in the same building. 9-1-1-3: Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments: a) In addition to chapter : 3 : Provisions, a street or road shall be provided around the assembling building, so that the civil defense machines shall be able to arrive to atleast two facades of the building, one of them must be of the main entrance side of the building. b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments, in accordance with chapter 3 provisions. 9-1-1-4: Contents’ hazard degree: Hazard of contents of assembling occupancies shall be classified as per the provisions stated in 4-1. 9-1-1-5: Constructional Requirements: a) Chapter: 6 provisions shall be applied in addition to these conditions: b) Types of permitted constructions in assembling buildings shall be determined as per table 9-1-1. c) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts, passages and other shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the conditions of provisions stated in Chapter: 6. 9-1-2: Means of Egress: The general provisions shall be applied to means of egress stated in the Chapter: 5, in addition to the present provisions: 9-1-2-1: occupancy loads: The permitted occupancy loads in the assembling buildings shale be determined as per the provisions stated in 5-3, based on the following occupancy load factors: 1) Assembling areas for high concentration use without fixed seats such as lecture halls, religion houses, party’s halls: .65 M2/ person. 2) Assembling areas for less concentration use such as meeting rooms, food halls, exhibitions, sports halls: 1.4 M2 person.

96

3) Waiting areas: lobbies and similar places: .3 M2 person. 4) Grandstands and similar long group seats: one person for each 45 longitude centimeter. 5) Fixed seats: the actual number of seats will be calculated. 6) Kitchens: 9.5 M2 for each person 7) Libraries: * Books storage areas 9M2 person * reading area 4.5 M2 per person 8) Swimming Pools: Pool 4.5 M2/person Corridors: 2.8 M2/Person 9) Stages: 1.4 M2 per person 10) Theater balconies and upper corridors: 9.4 M2 / person 9-1-2-2: Means of Egress Capacity: Means of egress capacity shall be estimated in accordance with the contents of 5-3-4. 9-1-2-3: Movement distance: a) The movement distance from any arrival point to the nearest exit shall not exceed the distance permitted in 5-8 in addition to these provisions, the maximum permitted for dead ends and compulsory movement paths stated in 5-8 shall also be observed. b) The general provisions for corridors shall be provided in accordance with chapter: 5 in addition to the following provisions: * The corridors shall be regular and streamlined so that it will directly lead to the exit. * The width of the corridor shall be sufficient to include the flow of persons who use them. 9-1-2-4: Exit Discharge: Exit discharge (ultimate exit) All exits shall directly lead to outside or to a protected corridor, fully separated from the building by fire fighting barriers, and half number of exits may end at the main hall of the building after the provisions stated in 5-9 have been provided.

97

9-1-2-5: Entrance / Main exit: a) A main entrance shall be provided for each assembling occupancy in each floor to be also used as emergency exit when necessary. b) The width of the main entrance shall be sufficient to cover half occupancy loading and shall be at the ground floor level or shall directly be connected to egress stairs or ramp which leads to the public road. Moreover additional exits, which width is enough to include the other half of the expected load shall be provided. c) The net width of the arrival paths to the exits shall not be less than 100 cm if it serves 50 persons or more. 9-1-2-6: Components of means of egress: The following elements may be used in the means of egress: stairs and ramps, doors, horizontal exits, corridors, balconies, temporary refuge areas as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to these provisions. 9-1-2-7: No of exits: The number of exits shall not be less than the requirements of 5-4, as to all assembling occupancies except group A-5. 9-1-2-8: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Exit shall be as far as possible from each other, shall be arranged in a way with which possibilities of its breakdown or difficulties will become less, during emergencies, as per the provisions stated in 5-5. b) all means and corridors of entry and exit shall be maintained in sound condition to enable individuals to move smoothly, without any obstacles and so that the administrative cadre, security and police personnel, civil defense individuals and medical emergency team shall be able to enter without unnecessary obstacles. 9-1-2-8-1: arrangements of seats: Paths between seat lines and tables shall be sufficient to include the occupants of the place. 9-1-2-8-1-1: Fixed seats: The net distance between ordinary seats lines shall not be less than 30 cm. The number of seats in one line shall not exceed 7, if there are joint with the corridor from one side, unless the net distance between the seats lines is 1.5 cm more for each additional seats, the net width did not be more than 55 cm, nevertheless, the

98

movement distance from any seat to the point in which there are two chances of egress at the direction of exits shall not be more than 9M. 9-1-2-8-1-2: Luxury Seats: a) When the seat lines are joined with service corridors from both sides or with doors from both ends, the seats of one line may be increased to 100, provided that the net distance between seats lines is increased by .5 cm, to each additional seat in excess of the 14 first seats, to a maximum of 55 cm. b) The movement distance from any seat to the nearest door of assembling hall shall not exceed 45 meters. c) The net width of crossing corridors with seats lines shall not be less than the following: * 120 cm for the stair corridors which serves seats from both sides. * 90 cm for the stair corridors which serves seats from one side. * 105 cm for straight corridors or ramps which serves the seats from both sides. 9-1-2-8-1-3: stair corridor: a) When the sloping of corridor exceeds 1: 8, it shall be executed in a graded way; the depth of a grade shall not exceed 28 cm, while its height shall range between 11 and 10 cm. b) The corridors crossing with seat lines shall end at in transfers corridor, lobby or exit which capacity is enough to cover all corridors which end in it, the length of the dead end of such corridors shall not exceed 6 meters. 9-1-2-8-1-4: Fixed Group Seats: (without supports) a) The distance between the seats lines from axel to axel shall not be less than: * 75 cm for the seats with back support * 55 cm for seats without back support b) The net distance between the seats lines shall not be less than 30 cm c) The theoretical number of seats shall be calculated on the basis of 45 cm per person. d) The number of seats in a single line joined with the corridor from one side shall not exceed 7 for the seat with back support and 20 for without back support. 9-1-2-8-2: Assembling occupants in open air and which is surrounded by fences: a) The number of exits shall not be less than two and they shall be far from each other as much as possible, if the occupancy loading exceeds 6000, at least 3 exits shall be provided and if it is exceeds 9000, at least 4 exits shall be provided.

99

b) The distance between grandstand exits or open sports stadiums shall not exceed 25 Meters. c) The egress distance, measured along the natural path of movement from the seat upto the exit or the play ground shall not exceed 45 meters. d) The number of seats between any seat and the nearest corridor shall not exceed 20. e) The width of a corridor shall not be less than 120 cm. provided that it is without grades, unless its sloping exceeds 1: 8 9-1-2-9: Protection from falling down barriers: 9-1-2-9-1: General a) Barriers of protection from falling shall be made in all places where falling of persons due to pushing or otherwise is probable. Such barriers shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-10 in addition to these provisions. b) The barriers shall be arranged in a way that the openings located within the barriers shall not allow passage a ball which diameter exceeds 10 cm. 9-1-2-9-2: when the height of the front forefront flooring of each grandstand or balcony is more than 75 cm as to the level under it, the height of the protection barrier shall not be less than the following, figure: 9-1-1. * 65 cm for the barriers located in front of the seats for all types of assembling occupants, except for the sports grandstand, so that the height shall not be less than 90 cm * 95 cm for the barriers located at the of the corridor. 9-1-2-9-3: barriers on horizontal corridors: a) Barriers of protection from falling down shall be installed in a way in which its height shall not be less than 65 cm at the horizontal corridors located between the seats’ lines unless the height of the seats’ back along the front side of the horizontal corridor is not less than 60 cm, Fig: 9-1-2. b) If the height of the horizontal corridor is more than 75 cm as to the level under it, protection barriers shall be installed in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-10.

100

9-1-2-9-4: Barriers on the sides and backside of the seat: If the level difference between the sides or the backside of the seats and the corridors is more than 75 cm as to theaters, cinemas, and similar buildings or 120 cm as to sport grandstands, protection barriers which height is not less than 105 cm shall be installed. 9-1-2-9-5: places excluded from barriers condition: It is not stipulated that protection barriers shall be installed on the following: 1) Stages, platforms and ramps used to play activities or to present shows, as for the ends out looking audiences. 2) Vertical openings located within the stages to serve play shows. 9-1-3: Protection: 9-1-3-1: Protection of vertical spaces: All vertical spaces shall be protected by being surrounded with fire fighting barriers as per the provisions stated in 6-3-10, all exceptions permitted in 6-3-10 may be used, moreover stairs and ramps connecting between the main area of assembling hall and mezzanine, balcony, upper corridors and /or lighting corridors may be without protection. 9-1-3-2: Protection from outside fire spreading: Protection from outside fire spreading shall be made as per provisions stated in 6-3-5. 9-1-3-3: Division into fire sectors: The building shall be divided into fire sectors as per the provisions stated in 6-3, in addition to the provisions of this section. 9-1-3-4: Protection from hazards: All hazardous places shall be protected in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-1-3-4-1: Protection of special services room: All rooms containing high pressure boilers, huge cooling equipment, huge electrical transformers or other equipment which are subjected to explosion, shall be protected either by being separated from the other building’s parts with elements which fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour, or being protected by automatic extinguishing system. Sufficient natural ventilation shall also be provided for these rooms through ventilation openings which directly outlook outside, such room shall not be placed near the exits or directly under it.

101

9-1-3-4-2: Protection of other places: The below stated hazardous places shall be protected as follows: a) by separation from other parts of the buildings with elements which fire resistance

rate shall not be less than one hour or by automatic extinguishing system for the following places:

1) Boilers, heaters and Owens rooms 2) Rooms or places used to storage or use of burnable accessories and materials in

quantities which are estimated to be hazardous, the estimation of this issue is subjected to the directorate of civil defense.

3) Rooms or places allocated for storage hazardous materials, burnable liquids or fast burning liquids in quantities which are estimated to be hazardous, the estimation of this issue is subjected to one of the approved specifications.

4) Rooms which contain fuel. 5) Maintenance workshops including wood workshops and painting places.

B) By separation from other parts of the buildings with elements which fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour in addition to being projected by automatic extinguishing system for the following places.

1) Laundries: 2) Places or rooms allocated for treatment or use of hazardous materials, fast flaming

materials in huge quantities, estimated to be hazardous, such estimation shall be made with reference to one of the approved specifications.

9-1-3-5: Interior Finishes: a) Provisions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs include the following 1) All corridors and balconies: category (A) or (B): 2) Exits: category (a) 3) Assembling areas with occupancy load of more than 300: category: A or B. 4) Assembling places with occupancy load of 300 or less: category A or B or C. 5) Cinema’s screen: category A or B. c) The interior finishes of vertical exits flooring and corridors leading to exits and ultimate exit corridors shall be from category A or 2. 9-1-4: Special measurements: 9-1-4-1: Review of lives’ safety: A study shall be conducted to assess lives safety if the occupancy load exceeds 6000, to be carried out by bodies accepted with civil defense. The study shall include written reports about safety measurements available in the building and shall be subjected to annual review and approval by the civil defense, to be amended upon change of conditions. Lives safety review includes assessment of the following conditions and safety measurements related thereto:

102

1) Nature of activities, participants and audience 2) Entry and exit movements, including crowd problems 3) Medical emergencies 4) Fire risks 5) Permanent and temporary buildings 6) Hard weather conditions 7) Problems between public 8) Hazardous materials accident within the building borders or near it. 9) Coordination between the building’s management and the other related bodies including civil defense. 9-1-4-2: Stages and platforms: 9-1-4-2-1: Building of a platform: a) Temporary platforms may be built from any materials, provided that the space between the platform and the flooring under it shall not be used for any purpose other than electrical connections necessary for the platform’s equipment. b) Permanent platforms shall be made from the same material permitted for the constructional structure of the building within which it is located, except the flooring’s coating which may be from wood. In all cases if the space between the platform and the flooring is being used for any purpose other than the electrical and sanitary connections, the platform’s flooring shall be fire resistant for not less than one hour. 9-1-4-2-2: Building of a Stage: a) A normal stage may be made of the same material permitted to the constructional structure of the building within which it is located, except for the flooring’s coating which may be allowed to be from wood in all cases. b) A high stage shall be made from the materials permitted for the constructional structure from the first type. 9-1-4-2-3: Attached Rooms: If the area of a stage exceeds 93 M2, workshops, storage rooms, clothes rooms and other places neighboring the stage shall be separated from each other and from the other places by elements which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour. 9-1-4-2-4: ventilation: If the area of a stage exceeds 39 M2 or if it is of a high type, it shall be provided with ventilation system to exhaust smoke and gases directly to outside when fire take place. Ventilation shall be made by one or more of the following means:

1) smoke control system to ensure the place free from smoke to a height of 183 cm above the flooring of the highest level in which there are seats or above the highest level to which the moveable stage reaches.

103

The system shale b provided with reserve power source in addition to the main source, likewise, there shall be possibility to operate the system with all the following means:

• Automatically when the sprinklers system works on the stage. • Automatically when the smoke detectors located on the stage works • Manually by a switch to be placed in a suitable place.

2) ventilation opening to be put on the roof near the stage’s center, they shall not be less than two openings and its total area shall not be less than 5% of the stage’s area, the ventilation opening shall be made to operate automatically through melted connections which work by heat, likewise a manual mean shall be provided to operate the openings.

3) Any other substitutes to discharge the smoke, which shall be approved. 9-1-4-2-5: Separation of the stage from public’s area: a) When the stage is of a high type, it shall be fully separated from the public’s area by a wall which fire resistant rate shall not be less than two hours, to be built from non burnable materials, while the viewing opening located in the wall shall be protected by one of the following means: 1- Water curtain 2- Protective curtain from fire.

b) the protective curtain from fire shall be of an approved type and shall be closed by all the following means:

1) Automatically when the sprinklers system operates. 2) Automatically when the alarm system operates. 3) Manually by switches to be put at the control panel by the curtain and also

at the two sides of the stage. 4) When the area where the public are found is protected from smoke by

calculated engineering system, the separation required in A above can be omitted.

9-1-4-2-6: Spreading of flames: All play influences which are burnable such as clothes, bed sheets, dry plants and others shall be treated with materials which slow down flame spreading. Forming plastic materials may not be used unless the approval of civil defense is obtained for each case separately. 9-1-4-2-7: Protection of a stage with sprinklers The stage shall be protected by a water sprinkler to cover the total area of the stage in addition to all rooms attached thereto; sprinklers can be dispensed with on the following cases:

104

1) Sprinklers are not required for the ordinary stage if its areas are less than 93 M2, provided that the curtains and other play influences are of the type which can vertically be pulled.

2) Sprinklers are not required under the stage when the height of the space under the

stage is less than 1.2M, such space shall not be used for storage except for tables and chairs.

9-1-4-3: Cartoons films show rooms: a) Cartoon film show machines shall be put inside special rooms in compliance with the conditions stated in (9-1-3-4-2), when such machines are of the type which uses light sources which creates poisonous substances, gases or hazardous radiations or dust. b) The area of the room allocated for one machine shall not be less than 7.5 M2, and such area shall be increased by 3.7 M2 for any additional machine, likewise, the net height of the room shall not be less than 2.3 m2. c) The room’s doors shall open at the egress direction and shall automatically close. d) The area of show openings, located in the wall separating between the room and the hall shall not exceed 25% of the wall’s area and such openings shall be protected by glass. e) A special warehouse for the films shall be attached to the room. f) Mechanical ventilation shall be provided for the room in accordance with the approved specifications. 9.1.4.4.: extra ordinary amusement building: a) Regardless of the occupancy load, the provisions related to assembling occupancies shall be applied to all extra ordinary amusement buildings, in addition to the provisions stated herein, only the buildings which entertainment construction height doesn’t exceed 3 meters and which horizontal distance doesn’t exceed 15 meters, shall be excluded. b) Extra ordinary amusement buildings shall be provided with fire alarm and detection system. When the alarm system starts, all vocal and light influences shall be stopped, moreover emergency lights and exit signs shall be operated. c) The interior finishes shall be of category (a). 9-1-4-5: additional measurements related to exhibitions: Shelves and displayed materials shall be arranged in a way which doesn’t hinder or affect paths leading to exits, exits, exit signs or fire fighting equipments, (Fig. 9-1-3).

105

9-1- 4-5-1: goods’ display rooms: a) The maximum travel distance permitted from any point inside the display room to the nearest corridor is 15 meters. b) At least two separate means of egress shall be provided at each upper floor in the display rooms of multiple storeys. c) Display rooms may be constructed of one of the following materials: * Non burnable or limited burning materials * Flame spreading proof materials such as treated wood or any other approved material. * clothes and wall coating materials permitted to be used in the interior finishes of walls and roofs, in accordance with the conditions stated in 6-6. d) Curtains, bed sheets and decoration materials shall be subjected to the provisions stated in 6-7, while vocal isolating materials and other decoration materials such as cotton, sawyer and wood and similar materials shall be treated with materials which slow down flame spreading. 9-1-5: fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-1-5-1: protection by water sprinklers: a) Groups A-3, A-4, A-5, are excluded from sprinklers provision.

b) Groups A-1, A=2, shall be covered with water sprinklers if the occupancy load exceeds 300 as follows:

1) Complete coverage for the floor which contains assembly occupancy and all the floors under it.

2) When the assembly occupancy lies in an underground floor the ground floor and all underground floors shall be covered.

C) Sprinklers provision shall be also excluded in the following cases: 1) Assembly occupancies consisting of single multi purposes hall, provided that the whole area shall not exceed 1500 M2, and shall not be used as an exhibition. 2) All group 2 occupancies, if the contents are of low hazard degree and the height of the roof as the flooring under shall not less than 15 Meters. 9-1-5-2: other alarm and fire fighting equipment Preventive measurement shall be provided in engineering services field, in accordance with the provisos of chapter 5, also fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table (9-1-2), (9-1-3). 9-1-6: operation and follows up: 9-1-6-1: Cooking Equipment: a) Food preparations and kitchen machine and equipment shall be protected in accordance with article 7-10. b) The openings between food preparation area and food halls may be left without protection.

106

9-1-6-2: furniture and decoration: a) All clothes and bed sheets used in decoration and all curtains must be of a type which resists flame, as per the provisions stated in 6-7. b) The Directorate General of Civil Defense shall have the right to specify the quantity and mode of arranging burnable materials, in order to provide the required level of safety. 9-1-6-3: Crowd Management: Except for houses of religions, when the occupancy load exceeds 1000, crowd supervisors shall be assigned at the rate of 1 supervisor for each 250 persons. The crowd supervisor shall join an approved training course about crowd management techniques. 9-1-6-4: Mock drill vacation process: Sufficient training shall be provided for all supervisors and employees working in assembling occupancies, regarding the duties to be executed in cases of fire, terror or any other emergency, in order to secure the required vacation. Moreover they shall be trained on how to use the manual sprinklers and other preliminary fire fighting equipments. 9-1-6-5: Smoking: Smoking areas shall be specified in coordination with civil defense and such areas shall be provided with suitable ashtrays and the board (no smoking) shall be fixed in the places where smoking is not allowed. 9-1-6-6: Seats In the places occupied by more than 200 persons, except restaurants and similar places, seat shall be fixed with the flooring, unless such seats are fixed with each other within groups where the number of one group of seats ranges between 3 to 7 seats, moreover all seats located in the upper balconies shall be fixed with the flooring.

107

Table 9-1-1: Types of constructions permitted in assembling occupancies:

Assembling occupancy location Upper floors

Constructional structures type

Underground Ground Floor Floors

1 2 3 or more

First 443 First 332 Second 222

Permitted, only one floor

Permitted Permitted Permitted Not Permitted

Second 111

Permitted, only one floor

Permitted Permitted Permitted but the floor area shall not exceed 1600 M2

Not permitted

Second 000

Not permitted Permitted Permitted but the floor area shall not exceed 1600 M2

Not permitted Not permitted

Third 211 Fourth 2 kk, Fifth 111

Not permitted Permitted Permitted Not permitted Not permitted

Third 200

Not permitted Permitted but the floor area shall not exceed 800 M2

Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted

Fifth 000 Not permitted Permitted but the floor area shall not exceed 400 M2

Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted

1)Mezzanine floor is not considered as a separate floor unless it covers an area exceeding 50% of the floor area. 2)The constructional structure of the closed sports halls surface (group A-3) constructed from the first and second type (inclusive normal barriers, grill barriers, frames, arches and roof tiling) may be from type 4 or any other non burnable materials without any fire resistant rate.

Table: (9-1-2) Alarm and Fire Fighting Equipment for assembling building:

Type Group Required cases 1) manual extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All groups All floors 2) fixed fixtures

Rubber hose network a-1, a-2, a-3 After all floors – high stage – normal stage which is more than 93 M2.

Dry riser a-1, a-2, a-3 As per 8-3-1 Wet riser a-1, a-2, a-3 As per 8-4-1 External riser Big assembling 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system

a-1, a-2, a-3 All floors

108

Table: (9-1-3): Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in assembling areas: Type Required cases Ventilation system Basement – stage as per (9-1-4-2-4) Lighted guidance signs Basement, means of egress and assembling halls Emergency lighting network Basement, means of egress and assembling halls Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters 5 & 6.

109

9-2: Group (B) Educational Occupancy

9-2-1: General 9-2-1-1: Definition of educational occupancies Educational occupancy include all buildings used for educational purposes until the end of the secondary stage which includes not less than 6 students for a period not less than 4 hours daily or 12 hours weekly, such as schools, kindergartens, orphanage and nurseries. (More than five children whose age is more than 2 and half years). 9-2-1-2: other Establishments: a) When there are other occupants within the educational occupancies, reference shall be made to the sections related to these occupancies. b) Other educational establishments to which the definition stated in (9-2-1-1) doesn’t apply shall be classified as follows: * Educational buildings in institutes and universities : group E. *Academic classes which occupancy loads are not less than 50 persons: Group E. * Academic classes which occupancy load is 50 persons or more – Group A-2. * Educational laboratories: Group: E. * Non educational laborites group: G. 9-2-1-3: mixed occupancy: When there are other occupancies with the education occupancies, the provisions stated in 4-5, shall be applied in addition to these provisions. 9-2-1-4: assembling occupancies: When there are assembling occupancies with the educational occupancies such as grandstands, big lecture halls and sport halls, such occupancies shall be subjected to provisions of section 9-1. 9-2-1-5 Arrival of Civil defense machines and equipments: There shall be possibility for civil defense machine and equipment to arrive, in accordance with the provisos stated in chapter 3 in addition to the present provisions. Parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments shall be provided in accordance with the permission of chapter 3:

110

9-2-1-6: contents’ hazard degree: The degree of contents’ hazard of educational occupancies shall be classified with reference to article 4-2. 9-2-1-7: constructional requirements: a) The provisions of chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) Types of constructions permitted in educational buildings shall be determined with reference to table 9-2-1. c) Openings for passage of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in chapter 6. 9-2-2: means of egress 9-2-2-1: general a) The general provisions of means of egress, stated in chapter 5 shall be applied in addition to the present violins. b) All academic classes, allocated for grade I, of the preliminary school or below that shall be in the ground floor c) Academic classes allocated for grade: 2, preliminary shall never be in a floor higher than the 1st floor. 9-2-2-2: occupancy load: a) Occupancy load shall be determined on the basis of the following occupancy load factors: * Academic classes: two m2 /person * Workshops, labs and other professional rooms: 4.5 M2/person b) Where there are fixed seats, occupancy load shall be calculated on the basis of the actual number of the seats. c) Occupancy load of assembling areas, which occupants exceed 50 persons, such as lecture rooms, sport hall and cafeterias, shall be calculated as per article 9-1-2-1. 9-2-2-3: components of means of egress The following elements may be used in use of egress: Stairs and ramps, doors, horizontal exits, corridors, balconies and temporary refuge areas, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-2-2-4: no of exits The number of exits in any floor shall not be less than two, and the provisions stated in 5-4 shall be observed. 9-2-2-5: arrangements of means of egress: 9-2-2-5-1: General a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.)

111

b) The maximum limits permitted for travel distances, dead ends and obligatory routes of movements, stated in table 5-2 shall be observed. c) At least two exit doors shall be provided for each room or place which occupants exceed 50 persons or which area exceeds 93 M2, and they shall be far from each other as much as possible and shall lead to two separate exits at two opposite directions. d) Doors opening at the corridors’ directions shall be arranged in a way that they will not hinder movement in corridors, by being opened with 180 Deg angle or any other accepted mean. 9-2-2-5-2: interior corridors: Corridors shale b separated from the other parts of the floor with walls which fire resistant rate is not less than 1 hr, the following cases shall be excluded from this provision.

1) If each place, occupied by students is provided with at least one door, leading directly to outside or to an external balcony leading to the exits.

2) Buildings fully protected with water sprinklers: 9-2-2-5-3: corridors inside classes: a) if the number of seats exceed 60, the width of the corridor serving the seats from one side shall not exceed 90 cm, and the corridor which serves the seats from two sides shall not exceed 110 cm, however if the number of seats is 60 or less, the width of the corridor shall not be less than 75 cm b) The number of seats separating between any seats and corridor shall not be more than 6. 9-2-2-6: travel distance: Travel distance shall not exceed the numbers stated in table 5-2. 9-2-2-7: discharge of exit a) Discharge of exit shall be made in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9, in addition to the present provisions. B) At least one separate exit shall be provided for each academic class located in the underground floor, so that such an exit shall lead directly to outside the building without a need to pass through the ground floor. 9-2-2-8: rescue and ventilation windows: a) At least one external window shall be provided for rescue and ventilation for each academic class or room allocated for educational purposes, if the area exceeds 23 M2, an exception to this provision is the buildings fully protected with water sprinklers and also academic rooms and classes with doors leading directly to outside the building.

112

b) rescue and ventilation windows, shall be operable from inside without a need to use any tools or equipments, a clear opening which width or highest is not less than 60 cm and area is not less than .55 m2 shall be provided, so that any hard body with the same measurements can pass through it. Likewise the height of the window shall not exceed 110 cm from the room flooring. There must be possibility for the arrival of civil defense individuals to all windows and it shall outlook places connected with the public road. 9-2-2-9: Capacity of means of egress: a) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present provisions. b) The net width of the corridors leading to the exits shall not be less than 180 cm. 9-2-3

Protection:

9-2-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: All vertical spaces shall be protected in accordance with the conditions stated in 6-3-10; all exceptions permitted as stated in 6-3-10 may be used.

9-2-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-2-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Educational buildings shall be divided into fire sectors, as per the provisions stated in 6-3 in addition to the provisions of this section. b) educational buildings shall be divided into secondary fire sectors by smoke barriers which fire resistance rate is not less than one hour in following cases: * when the area of a single fire sector exceeds 2800 m2, * When the length or width of a building exceeds 90M, an exception for this shall be, * If each place occupied by students has at least one door, leading directly to an outside veranda which leads to the exit. * Building consisting of one floor and which is fully protected with water sprinklers. c) The Area of a single smoke sector shall not exceed 2800 M2, its length or width shall not exceed 90M, except the buildings fully protected with water sprinklers, as these limits may be exceeded provided that the smoke sectors’ number shall not be less than two.

9-2-3-4 Protection from hazards: a- all the hazardous area shall be protected as per the conditions stated in 6-5 in addition to the present conditions.

113

9-2-3-5 Kitchen Equipment: Commercial kitchens, if any, shall be protected in accordance with article 7-10, the openings between the area of food and food courts may be left without protection.

9-2-3-6 Stages: A stage, if any, shall be protected with reference to the conditions stated in section 9-1.

9-2-3-7

Interior finishes: a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs shall be from category (a), as to the exits and categories a & b as to the other places. c) The interior furnishes of the flooring of exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-2-4- Fire fighting equipment and machines:

9-2-4-1 Requirements of water sprinklers: All underground floors shall be protected by water sprinklers.

9-2-4-2 Other Fire fighting and alarm equipment: a) Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-2-2. b) A public alarm mean shall be installed such as a whistle or bell which can be heard throughout the school in a distinct way or it may be verbal messages to be operated by the administration.

9-2-4-3 Engineering services: a) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the field of engineering services in accordance with the provisions of chapter 7. b) Engineering services related to fire prevention shall be provided as per table 9-2-3.

9-2-5 Operation and follow up:

9-2-5-1 Vacation of exercises: a) Mock vacation exercise shall be periodically conducted at the rate of one time each month throughout the academic year; no fire fighting shall be conducted during the mock vacation exercise. The class teacher shall be in charge of his students as to vacation organization without causing any fear, pushing or running cases, the children who are more oriented and having better physical ability shall be assigned to help others.

114

b) An assembling place to be agreed upon in advance shall be allocated so that all students can be counted and then lost students shall be looked for if necessary, provided that the assembling place shall be far from fire hazards and shall not affect the work of civil defense individuals.

9-2-5-2 Daily inspection: The head master and the teacher shall be responsible for daily inspection of all exits to ensure that the stairs and doors of egress in addition to the other exits are in reasonable condition and to remove any hindrances, if any.

9-2-5-3 Furniture and decoration: a) Curtains and similar items shall be subjected to the provisions stated

in 6-7-1. b) Clothes shall not be stored in corridor unless they are protected with

water sprinklers or storage is made inside steel cabinets. c) Educational and training materials of the students may be hanged

directly on the walls, provided that their area shall not exceed 20% of the walls area.

115

Table: (9-2-1) types of permitted constructions in educational buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 3 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted, only 1 floor

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Permitted, only 1 floor

Permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 2100M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 2100M2.

Not permitted

Second (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 500M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

116

Table: 9-2-2: Fire Fighting & Alarm Equipment for educational buildings:

Type Required cases 1) Manual extinguishment equipment

Manual extinguishers All floors 2) fixed installation

Rubber hoses network

All floors if the total area exceed 2000 m2

Dry riser network

As per 8-3-1.

Wet risers network As per 8-4-1 External risers network Huge complexes 3) fire alarm equipment Manual alarm system In multiple purposes hall, admin corridors,

closed corridors between classes in all stages. Automatic alarm system In workshops, laboratories, stores, library,

multiple purpose halls, hazardous areas, a/c ducts, basement and closed corridors between classes.

Table: (9-2-3) Engineering Services related to fire prevention in educational buildings:

Type Required cases Ventilation system As per the approved specifications by the civil

defense.

Lighting guidance signs Means of egress and assembling halls

Emergency lighting Means of egress, underground floors, places without windows, workshops, laboratories, lecture rooms (excluding academic classes)

Reserve source of electricity High rise buildings

Fire elevator High rise buildings

Fire resisting doors In accordance with this section and chapter 5 & 6.

117

9-3: Reformatory and Punitive occupancy: 9-3-1 General 9-3-1-1 Definition

Reformatory and Punitive occupancies are the buildings with different degrees of Security Control and movement restrictions, occupied with individuals who are not able to manage themselves alone such as prisons, detention centers in police stations, reformatories, with detention areas, psychological hospitals with detention places, quarantines.

9-3-1-2 Application: This section mainly deals with accommodation and sleeping areas in Reformatory and Punitive Reformatory occupancy, while other occupancies within these establishments, such as sport halls, professional workshops, warehouses and others, each of them shall be dealt with in accordance with its type of occupancy, without prejudice to the condition stated herein when the doors of these establishments are closed.

9-3-1-3 Mix occupancies: When there are other occupancies with Reformatory and Punitive occupancies, special provisions for each of occupancy shall be referred to separately, whether it is a sport hall, reading room, warehouse, industrial workshop police offices or otherwise, however the following provisions shall be provided. 1) Sufficient means of egress shall be provided from other occupancy areas, if it is deemed necessary for security reasons, to close doors, there shall be sufficient number of employees at all times when such places are occupied, in order to ensure opening of doors to start vacation process during emergency. Closed doors may be open by a system operated by remote control, so that doors of egress can be automatically opened or by providing sufficient number of security men who hold the keys and who are directly present at the place where the doors are closed. 2) the above mentioned places may be classified as other occupancies within the following provisions: It shall not be used for accommodation or sleeping. To be separated from reformatory and punitive occupancies as per table 4-1. 3) If the Reformatory and Punitive occupancies are located in buildings including other occupancies, such reformatory and punitive occupancies shall be separated from other occupancies, elements which fire resistant shall not be less than 2 hours.

118

4) When means of egress related to Reformatory and Punitive occupancies, passes through other occupancies, it shall be subjected to the provisions related to Reformatory and Punitive occupancies.

High Risk places shall not be located within the buildings which include Reformatory and Punitive occupations, for example it is not possible to place fast flaming liquids warehouse or wood warehouse within such building, but shall be put in another separate building.

9-3-1-4 Comprehensive Protection: a) Comprehensive protection aims to protect dwellers in the place

where they are detained and to provide them with the means of “defense in the place”. In order to achieve this strategy there are special requirements, if they are provided it will help us to minimize the need to vacate the establishment from dwellers, by limiting development and spread of fire and blocking fire in the place where it arises.

b) Lives are protected in these establishments by conducting appropriate arrangements for establishments and providing the trained demonstrative cadre, develop and do procedures related to operation, security and maintenance consisting of the following.

1) architectural and constructional design of the building.: division into fire sections

2) Preventive measurements of fire alarm and detection in addition to fire fighting.

3) Prevention from fire, planning, training and conducting mock exercises related to fire blocking and then transfer of prisoners to temporary refuge places or full vacation of the building or protection of the prisoners in the place where they are.

4) Security measurements to the degree necessary to provide safety of all persons present in the establishments.

9-3-1-5 Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments:

A) A road or street shall be provided around the reformatory and punitive buildings, so that civil defense equipments shall arrive in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 3.

9-3-1-6 Degree of contents’ hazard: Contents’ hazard degree in reformatory and punitive buildings is classified as per the provisions stated in 4-1.

9-3-1-7 Classification of reformatory and punitive occupancies as per conditions of use.

119

Places of residence and accommodation in reformatory and punitive establishment is classified in to five, as per the confidants of use, related to freedom of movement given to dwellers, this five categories are as follows:, Fig. 9-3-1.

1 Conditions of use: (1) – Freedom of exit Dwellers can vacate their sleeping places and other places freely without any hinders and closed doors. This case shall be dealt with as hotels, and resort occupants, Group D-1.

2 Condition of use: (2) – going out from one sector to another is permitted. Where dwellers may freely move from their places of sleeping and others from occupied smoke sectors to another smoke sector or several other neighboring smoke sectors. Movement to outside the building through the ultimate exits located on the external wall is restricted by closed doors, to be manually opened with normal keys when necessary. (Fig. 9-3-1-)shows that dwellers are free to move inside the building and through smoke barrier to another smoke sector, however movement to outside the building is restricted by closed doors on the outside wall to be opened manually by normal keys.

3 Conditions of use: 3 - going out is permitted only within the sector. Dwellers are free to move inside and outside their rooms, but cannot go out of the smoke sector surrounding their rooms. Movement towards a neighboring smoke sector is restricted by closed doors located on the smoke barrier; this door shall be equipped by electrical or mechanical opening mechanism which can be controlled from a distance. Movement to outside the building through the ultimate exit located on the external walls is restricted by closed doors which can be manual opened by ordinary keys.

4 Conditions of use: (4) – going out is restricted: Dwellers are detained in their bed rooms and these rooms shall be provided with closed doors, where the locks are provided with electrical opening machine to be controlled by remote, however movement towards a neighboring smoke sector is restricted by closed doors which locks are also provided by mechanical or electrical opening machine to be remotely controlled. Movement to outside the building through the ultimate exit located in the outside wall shall be restricted by closed doors to be manually opened by ordinary keys.

5 Conditions of use: (5) – Full containment There is no any type of movement freedom, as all the doors are closed and only be opened by manually with ordinary keys, each door shall be opened separately and the people supervising the place will have the keys of all rooms and smoke sectors doors, all these doors shall be manually opened

120

upon emergency. 9-3-1-8 Alternative solutions for smoke sectors:

As clear from the conditions of use from 2 to 5, smoke sectors are used to vacate dwellers from the sector where they are to the neighboring sector, and an appropriate machine for opening doors located in smoke barriers shall be provided, smoke barrier can be dispensed with and consequently smoke sector can be dispensed with, if there is equal other alternatives where dwellers can be vacated to such as : * Another building separated from the place by fire fighting barriers or sufficient and safe distance. * Open square located outside the building, provided that it is located at sufficient and safe distance.

9-3-1-9 Administrative and security procedures: Sufficient administrative and security procedures shall be taken to vacate dwellers in emergency as fast as possible to a safe place (another smoke sector, open square, another building)…etc.

9-3-1-10 Constructional requirements:

a) The provisions of chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present poison.

b) Types of permitted constructions in reformatory and punitive establishments shall be decided by reference to table: 9-3-1:

c) All walls, internal partitions shall be made from non burnable materials.

d)

The openings of passage of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts, and other within the fire resisting barriers, shall be protected in accordance with the provisions stated in chapter : 6.

121

Table: 9-3-1: Types of Constructions permitted in reformatory & punitive buildings:

Floors Type of constructional structure

Underground Ground First Second

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111) Not permitted Permitted Permitted No Permitted Second (000) Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not Permitted Others Not permitted 9-3-2 Means of egress: 9-3-2-1 General:

General provisions of means of egress stated in chapter (5) shall be applied in addition to the present conditions:

9-3-2-2 Occupancy load: Occupancy load of any floor shall be calculated on the basis of the maximum number of persons which shall probable to be present on that floor, provided that it shall not be less than one person for each 11 M2, of the total area of the floor.

9-3-2-3 Components of means of egress: The following elements may be used in means of egress: Doors, ordinary and slopping stairs and ramps, stair protected from smoke, smoke sectors, horizontal exits, ramps, corridors, places of temporary refuge, as per the provisions of chapter (5) in addition to the present provisions.

9.3.2.3.1 Doors A) Doors may be closed by the way which suits the applicable conditions of

use, the width of a door of any room shall not be less than 70 cm for normal people and 80 cm for handicapped.

B The keys of the doors leading from temporary refuge areas, to outside the building must be kept continuously in good condition. Such keys shall be available at all times and there shall be possibility to open the closed doors from outside the building.

C Security individuals shall be trained about the place and means of using the keys and shall be given the necessary and clear powers to promptly open the doors which lead from smoke sectors to outside the building when it is necessary due to emergency.

122

D Incases where a remote controlled opening machine is required, there shall be reliable operation mean, located in a place far from dwellers accommodation, as control points from which the prompt opening of the doors shall be made either electrically or mechanically.

E The control point shall be provided with sufficient equipment to control dwellers places by audio and video, this may be made through use of cameras and vocal systems.

F All electrical doors which are remotely controlled and all electrical locks shall be provided with additional means of operation, so that the following shall be available to it:

* Manual mechanical means of opening to be used when the electrical current is disconnected and shall be installed near the door.

* Either reserve source of energy to operate the door or mechanical manual mean of opening to be remotely operated.

G All sliding doors which work mechanically and locks which operates mechanically shall be provided by mechanical manual means to be used to discharge and open doors and shall be installed near the door.

H All sliding electrical doors and electrical locks shall be provided with reserve source of power, the reserve power must work automatically within 10 seconds from the disconnection of the main power, in a way that it shall be sufficient for a period not less than 1 and half hour.

9-3-2-3-2 Horizontal exits and places of temporary refuge: A) Horizontal exit shall be as per the conditions stated in 5-2-4 in addition to the present provisions. b) Temporary places of refuge shall be provided on both sides of the horizontal exits, provided that the area shall not be less than .56 M2/person and it shall be enough to the total number of occupants of neighboring sectors. c) The horizontal exits may constitute 100% of the required exits, provided that an additional exit reaching up to outside of the building without passing by the fire place shall be provided. (Figure: 9-3-2).

9-3-2-4 Number of exits: a) Not less than 2 separate exits shall at least be provided for each floor, provided that easiness of reaching exits from any part of the floor or any fire sector or smoke sector shall be ensured. b) at least one of the exits shall be arranged in each fire or smoke sector so that a person need not go back to the fire area to complete the egress process, (Figure 9-3-2):

123

9-3-2-5 Arrangement of means of egress:

A)Each bedroom shall at least have one door leading directly to a main corridor connected with the exits, this provision may be dispensed with in the following cases:

• If the room is located in the ground floor and its door opens directly to outside.

• If the door of the room leads directly to activity hall or something similar provided that the hall shall have a door leading directly to the main corridor.

B) The length of the dead end and the length of the mandatory traveling paths shall not exceed the limits permitted in table 5-2.

9-3-2-6 Traveling distance: a) The traveling distance measured from the door of any room upto

the nearest exit shall not exceed 30 meters, if the building is protected with sprinklers or smoke control system, such distance may be increased to become 45 meters.

b) Travel distance measured from any point in the room, until the nearest exit shall not exceed 45 meter, if such building is protected with sprinklers or smoke control system this distance may be increased 6o meters.

c) The traveling distance from any point in any room upto the door of the room shall not exceed 15 meters, however this distance may be increased but shall not exceed 30 meters in sleeping area provided that the doors of such sleeping area shall be smoke barrier, and each sleeping area shall have two doors, far from each other.

9-3-2-7 Discharge of exit: a) All exits may be discharged to an open yard, may be surrounded by fences or door, provided that number of common walls between the building from which vacation is made and they are not exceed two. b) yards shall be designed to include all the building’s occupants on a distance not less than 15 meters from the building and an area of 1.4 M2, shall be allocated for each person( Figure 9-3-4) and 9-3-5.

9-3-2-8 Capacity of means of egress: a) Capacity of means of egress shall be estimated in accordance with provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present conditions. b) The net width of corridors used in means of egress shall not be less than 120 cm.

9-3-3 Protection: 9-3-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces:

A) all vertical spaces such as staircase, ramps, elevator pits, lighting or ventilation skylights, ducts and any other vertical spaces between floors

124

must be surrounded by fire resisting barriers as follows: 1) One hour for all buildings, which fire resistance of its constructional structure is permitted to be one hour and also for the vertical spaces which joints between three floors or less. 2) two hours for the spaces which joints between four floors or more. b) the following can be excluded from the above provisions: 1) vertical spaces which join between two neighboring floors as per article (6-3-10-4) The medium space joining between more than three floors in accordance with article (6-3-10-7)

9-3-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire: Protection from external spreading of fire shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-3-3-3- Division into fire sectors: The building shall be divided into fire sectors as per provisions stated in 6-3-in addition to the present provisions

9-3-3-4 Protection from hazards: a) Hazardous areas shall be protected as per the conditions stated in 6-5 in addition to the present provisions. b) Places of special hazard shall be protected in accordance with table 9-3-2 knowing that the table shall only be applied to the rooms located inside places of accommodation and sleeping of dwellers only or that directly related to it.

Table: 9-3-2: Protection of places of special hazard:

Description of places or areas Surrounding / protection Other buildings joined with places of dwellers’ sleeping

Resisting for two hours

Heaters and boilers which work with fuel Resisting for two hours (or one hour + sprinklers) Commercial kitchens Resisting for two hours + mechanical ventilation to

discharge gases and steam + wet riser for choking Food courts Resisting for one hour (or sprinklers) Employees clothing room Resisting for one hour (or sprinklers) Manual profession areas/ maintenance workshop

Resisting for one hour (or sprinklers)

Laundries which area exceeds 9 M2. Resisting for two hour (or one hour + sprinklers) Cells finished with burnable materials Resisting for one hour + sprinklers Linen storage room Resisting for two hours (or one hour + sprinklers) Storage rooms of ordinary burnable materials:

* area between 4.5 M2, upto 9 M2, Resisting for one hour * More than 9 M2. Resisting for two hours (or one hour + sprinklers) Garbage room Resisting for two hours (or one hour + sprinklers)

125

9-3-3-5 Interior finishes:

a) The provisions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) the interior finishes of the walls, corridors roofs, exits of category A, in addition to the interior finishes of the walls and roofs of other places of category A, B, & C, and the interior finishes of the corridors, flooring and exits of category A.

9-3-3-6 Division into smoke sectors: a) each floor which occupants exceed 50 and each floor used for dwellers sleeping shall be divided by smoke barriers, to the extent that not less than 2 smoke sectors to be used as temporary refuge areas, in accordance with the provisions stated in (9-3-2-3-2) b) when smoke barriers are required, this shall be arranged as follows: 1) The occupants of any smoke sector shall not exceed 200 persons. 2) the traveling distance to reach the smoke barrier’s door shall not exceed the following:

* 30 Meters measured from the door’s room (45 M when the building is protected by sprinklers)

* 45 Meters measured from any point in the room (60 m when the building is protected by sprinklers)

C. If there is an exit leading directly to the public road or to any other building separated with barriers which fire resistance rate is two hours (or at a distance not less than 15 M ) or to an open area which is not less than 15 meters far, which capacity is sufficient to include the dwellers and other occupants of the building, there will be no need to divide in smoke sectors, provided that the arrangements of the exit’s doors shall be in accordance with the conditions of this section (Fig. 9-3-6).

D.

Smoke barriers shall be made from solid materials, its constructional structure shall be fire resistant and it shall be as per the provisions stated in 6-4-1. Fast burning materials such as plastic sheets an others shall not be used in making smoke barrier’s smoke barriers opening may be coated with reinforced fire resistance glass. The doors of smoke barriers shall be of a type which doesn’t allow smoke passage and shall be self or automatically closed.

9-3-4 Alarm and Fire Fighting equipment and machines. 9-3-4-1 Detection, alarm and communication systems: 9-3-4-1-1 General

a) Reformatory and punitive establishments shall be provided with automatic alarm system for detection and an early fire alarm. b) The alarm bell shall start upon pressing the manual calling points and also be detectors installed in the building.

126

c) if there are continuous and supervision security individuals on places of dweller’s sleeping areas, the required manual calling point can be dispensed with in the sleeping areas, provided that alternative calling points shall be placed where the security individuals are present.

9-3-4-1-2 Dweller’s Alarm: a) Dwellers shall be alarmed automatically when fire or any other emergency case taken place. b) The alarm system shall be connected with civil defense whenever available, to the extent that the alarm sign shall immediately reach civil defense when the public alarm starts. c) In order to minimize occurrence of undesired alarms, (!) POSTIIVE alarm chain may be used instead of the automatic starting of alarm bells where a delay in time may be accepted in order to ensure the genuinely of alarm, so that if a detector had caught the smoke, an immediate alarm sign shall reach to the security point where there are trained security individuals who are present round the clock, so that they can proceed investigating the source of the signal. Positive alarm chain shall include all the following: 1) The signal shall be received by the security individual within 15 seconds, failing which the public alarm shall start. 2) The trained individual shall be given 180 seconds, call insurance period so that they will insure the conditions of fire and to restore the system back, if this is not done within the time specified, the public alarm will directly start. 3) If another detector started during this insurance period (a matter which will confirm genuineness of the alarm), the public alarm shall immediately start. 4) In case another machine started during insurance period, such as manual calling points, the public alarm shall immediately start. 5) The system shall include a possibility to jump over the positive alarm chain. d) regardless of the provisions stated in article © the smoke detectors may be arranged in a way that the system shall be reinforced by sending alarm signals to the permanent security points only, without need to cause starting of the public alarm, provided that the security individuals will be able to start the public alarm immediately and to inform civil defense, moreover they shall be able to directly contact the control room or any other sites allocated for starting public alarm and informing civil defense.

9-3-4-1-3 Fire detection machines: Smoke detectors shall be installed in all dwellers’ sleeping areas and areas jointed to it such as activity’s room corridors and others, smoke detectors may be arranged and placed in a way that nobody can play with

127

it or destroy it, provided that its function and role to detect smoke shall be maintained by being placed inside smoke discharge ducts and other places, this shall be depending on civil defense’s approval.

9-3-4-2 Protection with water sprinklers: Reformatory and punitive buildings, of conditions of use from 2 upto 5 shall be protected with water sprinklers, excluding buildings consisting of two floors or less, of a distance not exceeding 2000 M2 for a single floor.

9-3-4-3 Manual extinguishers: a) Manual distinguishers shall be provided and shall be put in to strategic places to be agreed upon with the civil defense. b) When distinguishers are placed inside dwellers sleeping suits, it may be placed inside clothes cupboards, provided that such cabinets can be immediately opened by the continuous security individuals. c) Distinguishers may be put on permanent security points instead of being placed inside sleeping suits.

9-3-4-4 Rubber hoses: Rubber hoses net work shall be provided for all reformatory and punitive build’s, however this provision may be dispensed with if there are water sprinklers system.

9-3-4-5 Wet risers net work If the number floors exceed two, wet riser net work shall be provided for all floors.

9-3-4-6 Engineering services: a) preventive measurements shall be provided in the filed of engineering services, in accordance with Chapter :7 b) Engineering services related to fire prevention shall be provided in accordance with table 9-3-3.

Table: 9-3-3: Engineering services related to fire prevention in reformatory and punitive buildings: Type Required cases Ventilation system As per the specs approved by civil defense Lighted guidance signals Basement and means of egress Emergency lighting network Basement, means of egress, sleeping areas and

halls Reserve source of electricity High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resisting doors In accordance with this section and chapter 5 &

6.

128

9-3-5 Operation and follow up:

9-3-5-1 Security individuals: a) A sufficient number of security individuals shall be provided round the clock. b) The security individuals shall be present within horizontal distance not exceeding 90 meters from the entrance of dwellers accommodation and sleeping area, if the building is multi story building, in addition to this provisions there must be security individuals for each three floors for maximum three floors. Moreover when the conditions of use No.3, 4 or 5 is approved, necessary arrangements shall be made so that the security individuals shall proceed within a maximum of two minutes since they receive the alarm, to open the doors necessary for vacation or rescue during emergency, in addition to the other necessary measurements of emergency. Incase there is a possibility to open the doors remotely; there shall be no need for such security individuals within the previous distances. c) Sufficient measurements shall be made so that the dwellers of building subjected to the conditions of use 3, 4, &5 shall be able to inform the security individuals of any emergency case. This can be made through using electronic vocal or audio control systems, both of them or by other means.

9-3-5-2 Emergency plan& mock exercises: a) Written emergency plan shall be made in order to protect dwellers and others from fire hazard and also to vacate them to temporary refuge areas or completely vacate them outside the building if necessary. The plan shall be distributed to all security and supervision individuals and the clear instructions shall be given to all employees, whether the security individuals or not and also mock exercises shall be conducted to clarify the duties assigned to each of them, as per the plan. b) The plan shall be organized in coordination with the civil defense and shall be subject to periodical review and amendment, if necessary; this shall also be made in coordination with the civil defense. C) the plan shall include the specific and clear measurements, regarding the following: 1) detect and restrict fire 2) use of alarm systems 3) response to alarm 4) fire fighting 5) vacation of dwellers who are directly present at the place of hazard 6) inform civil defense 7) vacation within sectors 8) full vacation to outside the building, if necessary

129

d) The plan shall clearly state the powers granted and responsibilities given to each person, in a way which doesn’t bear confusion, and the measurements to be followed up during night shifts, weekend’s holidays, vacation and official Eids shall be considered. e) Mock exercises shall be conducted to each shift separately; such exercise shall include the necessary training about locations and uses of alarm system, manual distinguishers and other fire prevention and fighting equipments. All new employees shall be informed about emergency measurements related to fire; while the old employees shall be given new training at least one time each year, such trainings may be done in coordination with civil defense. Special registries shall be opened to maintain emergency plan and the documents related to mock exercises and trainings given to employees.

9-3-5-3 Books and clothes: All books, clothes and other personal stuff which are burnable and allowed to be enter into bedrooms, within closed steel cabinets or fire resisting containers.

9-3-5-4 Heat emerging equipment: Equipment which produce heat such as electrical heaters, cooking cookers, irons and others shall not be used inside sleeping rooms, unless under the approval and supervision of the management.

9-3-5-5 Furniture, furnishings and decorations: a) All curtains, covers, bed sheets and other clothes hanged shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-7-1. b) The uphold furniture shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-7-2 and the bedding shale be in accordance with the provisions of 6-7-2 and 6-7-3. c) Burnable decoration materials shall not be used unless it is of a type treated with materials which slow down the flames spreading. d) Rubbish bins and garbage containers shall be made of non burnable materials and shall be covered with non burnable lid for each container which capacity exceeds 76 liters.

9-3-5-6 Keys : Appropriate arrangements shall be made to distinguish the keys of closed doors which are located in the means of egress in a way which facilitates the process of identifying each key separately whether by touching or by looking to it.

130

Chapter: 9-4 (Group C-2)

Care Occupancies: 9-4-1: General 9-4-1-1: Definition Care occupancies are the buildings in which there are persons who needs care due to their health and psychological reasons, their freedom is not restricted such as care houses, orphanages, nurseries (more than five children) whose age is less than 2 and half years, elders house, hospitals, medical units, (with places for sleeping), treatment and rehabilitation sanitarium, reformatory without detention areas, psychological diseases hospital without detention areas. 9-4-1-2: mix occupants: a) When there are other occupancies within medical care occupancies, it may be treated in accordance with the type of occupancy under which it comes, provided that all the following shall be available:

• It shall not be used for accommodating or treatment of patients who are unable to control themselves.

• Shall be separated from care occupancies as per table 4-1. b) medical dispensaries and centers and similar units may be included with group E, provided that it shall not include sleeping areas of dwellers, the number of patients who need to be carried on stretcher on the same time shall to exceed three, shall be separated from other care occupancies by barriers with fire resistance rate shall not be less than two hours. c) When the care occupancies are located within buildings including other main occupancies, it shall be separated with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not less than 2 hours. d) When the means of egress related to care occupancies passes through other occupancies, the means of egress shall be subjected to the requirements related to care occupancies. e) If the medical condition of patients requires closing the door of means of egress, two employees shall be allocated to supervision and vacation, if necessary, round the clock. f) Means of egress related to lecture halls, religious places, accommodation places and other occupancies appertaining there to shall be provided in accordance with the provisions related to touch occupancies.

131

g) No other occupancies shall be located inside the buildings in which the care occupancy is located, if those occupancies include high hazard contents which are not related to care occupancies. 9-4-1-3: Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments: a) in addition to the provisions of chapter (3) a street or road shall be provided around the care building, so that the equipments of civil defense can be delivered to all facades of the sleeping suits. b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with the provisions of chapter 3. 9-4-1-4: Contents’ hazard degree: Hazard degree of medical care occupancy’ contents shall be in accordance with article 4-1. 9-4-1-5: Constructional requirements: a) The condition of chapter (6) shall be applied in accordance with the present conditions: b) The permitted type of constructions in care buildings shall be determined in accordance with table 9-4-1. c) All internal walls and partitions in type 1 and 2 buildings shall be made of non burnable materials or materials with limited burning rate. d) Pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and other passage openings shall be protected in accordance with the provisions stated in chapter (6). Table: 9-4-1: Types of constructions permitted in care buildings:

Floors Type of constructional structure

Underground Ground First Second Third and above

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Not Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111) Not permitted Permitted Permitted No Permitted

Not permitted

Second (000) Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Not Permitted

Not permitted

Others Not permitted

132

9-4-1-6: Comprehensive Protection: All care occupancies shall be designed, constructed, maintained and operated to limit probabilities of fire emergencies which require vacation of dwellers. As vacation alone doesn’t insure dwellers’ integrity, therefore protection shall be provided from fire by doing appropriate arrangements for buildings and constructions and to provide reasonable and sufficient cadre in addition to development of operation and maintenance procedures, to include the following:

1) Architectural and constructional design of the building: construction and building, division into fire sectors.

2) Measurements of detection, alarm and fire fighting.

3) Prevention from fire, planning, training and mock exercises in order to

limit fire and restrict its spreading and then to transfer dwellers to temporary refuge area or to vacate the building in full.

9-4-2: Means of Egress 9-4-2-1- :The general provisions of means of egress is stated in chapter 5 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. 9-4-2-2: Occupancy loading: Occupancy loading of any floor shall be calculated on the basis of the maximum number excepted to be present in the floor, provided that it shall not be less than the following: Sleeping suits 11M2/ person Treatment area: (without sleeping areas): 22 m2 per person 9-4-2-3: Components of means of egress: The following elements may be used in means of egress: Stairs, ramps, doors, horizontal exits, corridors, smoke sectors, places of temporary refuge as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-4-2-3-1: Doors a) Keys may not be used to close the doors of suits and bedrooms or elements of means of egress, the following cases shall be excluded: 1) If the closed doors can be opened from inside without using keys. 2) Incases where the medical or security condition of dwellers require that the door shall be closed, provided that employees will be assigned for control and vacation, if necessary, round the clock.

133

3) some special cases which discretion is left to civil defense and after taking measurements which will led the dwellers vacate quickly with high efficiency such as remote control of locks, close all doors with keys which the employees hold in all times or any other reliable mean. The number of locks installed in each door shall not exceed one lock. b) as to the doors located in corridors of egress, exits, stairs, horizontal exits and smoke barriers and also the doors of special hazard places (excluding boilers rooms, heaters and mechanical equipment rooms), this may be left open provided that it shall automatically closed. c) When a fire takes place in any floor, all stair or stairs’ doors shall be immediately closed in all floors. 9-4-2-3-2: horizontal exits and temporary refuge areas: a) Horizontal exits shall be as per the conditions stated in 5-2-4 in addition to the present conditions. b) Temporary refuge areas shall be provided on both sides of horizontal exits, in the low hazard areas such as corridors, patient’s rooms and treatment rooms, provided that the areas shall not be less than 2.8 M2/ person in hospitals and 1.4 m2 / person in other care places. In the floors which don’t include sleeping places or places for patients who are unable to move, the area may be decreased to .56 M2/person. c) if the width of the corridor on both sides of the horizontal exit is equal to 180 cm or more, the horizontal exit’s opening shall be protected with a door with two shutters opening at opposite directions, the width of a single shutters shall not be less than 80 cm or by using a door sliding horizontally and the net width shall not be less than 160 cm. if the width of the corridor equals 240 cm or more, the width of a shutter shall not less than 105, if a horizontally sliding door is used, its net width shall not be less than 210 cm. d) Horizontal exits shall be provided with vision openings covered with clear reinforced glass of an approved type. e) The capacity required for other exits such as stairs, ramps, external doors may be decreased to half if there are sufficient horizontal exits and temporary refuge areas. 9-4- 2-3-3: corridors: Corridors shall be separated from other areas by smoke barriers to limit traveling of smoke, they need not be fire resistant, and likewise all corridors’ doors shall be smoke proof. Exclusion to this provision shall be the lobby, waiting areas, nursing points and gifts shops (provided that it shall not be classified as hazardous area). 9-4-2-3-4: External Windows: An external window or door shall be provided for each room allocated for dwellers’ sleeping, the height of the window’s sill shall not exceed 90 cm measured on the tiling

134

level degree, the windows overlooking the middle space may be considered in accordance with this provision. 9-4-2-4: nos of exits: a) Each floor or fire sector in the building shall have not less than 2 separate exits, far from each other as much as possible and the provisions stated in 5-4, shall be considered. b) One of the exits of each floor or fire sector shall at least be one of the following types: 1) A door leading directly to outside the building 2) Ordinary stair of egress 3) A stair protected from smoke 4) Ramp 5) Ultimate exit corridor c) At least two exits shall be provided for each smoke sector. Egress may be made through the neighboring smoke sectors provided that they shall be continuous egress without a need to come back to the fire area to complete the egress process. 9-4-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Each room occupied with persons shall be provided with at least one door leading directly to main corridor connected with the exits and exemption to the provisions shall be the following cases: 1) Any room located in the ground floor and with a door opening to outside directly. 2) Other rooms or suits which are not used for patients’ sleeping. 3) The door of the sleeping areas of patients may lead to the hall or to the nurse’s room which will lead to the main corridor. b) There shall be at least two exits, far from each other, for each bedroom or sleeping suits to an area exceeding 93 m2, and likewise to each room or group of rooms for other uses, to an area which exceed 230 M2. c) The area of each sleeping suites shall not exceed 430 M2 and the area of any other suite shall not exceed 930 M2. d) Suits which are not used for sleeping may lead to a room which in turn will lead to the main corridor, provided that the limits permitted for compulsory traveling paths shall not be exceeded. e) Each corridor shall at least lead to two separate exits, as per the conditions of chapter (5) without passing through other rooms or places except the main corridors and the lobby.

135

f) All exits and arrival corridors shall be arranged so that the length of any dead end shall not exceed the limits permitted in table 5-2. 9-4-2-6: traveling distance: Traveling distance shall not exceed the following: 1) From the door leading to the arrival corridor upto to the exit, 30 M (45 Meters if there are sprinklers). 2) From any point in the room upto the nearest exit: 60 Meters if there are sprinklers). 3) From any point in any bed room upto the door leading to the corridor to the exit: 15 Meters if there are sprinklers). 4) From any point in any sleeping suite unto the door leading to corridor to exit: 30 Meters. 9-4-2-7: discharge of exits: Exit shall be discharged in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-9: 9-4-2-8: capacity of means of egress: a) Capacity of means of egress shall be assessed in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3 in addition to the present provisions. b) The net width of corridors and ramps used as traveling paths to exits shall not less than the following: * 240 cm for hospitals * 180 cm to other medical care areas * 110 cm to the attached places which are not used for patients’ sleeping or treatment. c) The net width of the doors of means of egress related to sleeping rooms and diagnosis and treatment areas and the nursery room shall not be less than the following: * 105 cm for hospitals 80 cm for other places. 9-4-3: Protection: 9-4-3-1: Protection of vertical spaces: a) All vertical spaces such as stair case, elevator pit, ramps, balconies and others shall be surrounded by barriers with fire resistance rate as follows: 1) one hour for all buildings which constructional structure fire resistance rate is permitted to be one hour and also the vertical spaces which join between three floors or less. 2) two hours for the spaces which join between four floors or more. b) An exemption of the above shall be as follows:

136

3) Vertical spaces stated in article (6-3-10-4): 4) Medium space joining between three floors or less, in accordance with article 6-3-10-7. 9-4-3-2: Protection for external spreading of fire: Protection form external spreading of fire shall be as per the provisions stated in 6-3-5. 9-4-3-3: Division into fire sectors: The building shall be divided into fire sectors as per conditions stated in 6-3- in addition to the provisions of this section. 9-4-3-4: Protection from hazards 9-4-3-4-1: general: a) All hazardous places shall be protected as per the provisions stated in 6-5, in additions the present provisions. b) The following places shall be protected by being surrounded with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour: 1) Boilers and heaters which operates with fuel 2) Laundries which area exceeds 9 M2 3) Laboratories where hazardous materials are used. 4) Maintenance workshops 5) Linen storage rooms 6) Storage rooms of ordinary burnable materials to an area exceeding 9 m2. 7) Garbage collection room 9-4-3-4-2: Laboratories Laboratories where fast burning or burnable materials are used or hazardous materials are used which are considered as big hazard shall be protected as per an approved specification. 9-4-3-4-3: Anesthesia areas: Anesthesia areas shall be protected as per an approved specification. 9-4-3-4-4: medical gas: Medical gas areas, including storage and distribution shall be protected as per an approved specification. 9-4-3-4-5: gifts’ selling shops: Gifts selling shops shall be protected on the basis of being hazardous areas if they are used to store or display burnable materials in quantities deemed to be hazardous.

137

9-4-3-4-6: commercial kitchens Commercial kitchens shall be protected as per the conditions stated in 7-10. 9-4-3-4-7: helicopter pad: Helicopter pads if any, shall be protected in accordance with an approved specifications. 9-4-3-5: interior finishes: a) The provisions stated in 6-6 shall be applied as to interior finishes. B) The interior finishes of walls and roofs shall be of category (a) or (b); however the interior finishes of the exit’s flooring shall be category 1 or 2. 9-4-3-6: division into smoke sectors: a) Building including care occupancies shall be divided by using smoke barriers as follows:

1) Divide each floor used for dwellers sleeping or treatment to at least two smoke sectors. 2) Each floor which occupancy load exceeds 50 shall be divided into at least two smoke sectors regardless of the type of use. 3) The area of a single smoke sector shall not exceed 2100 M2. 4) The traveling distance from any point up to the door of the smoke barrier shall not exceed 60 meters.

B) Smoke barriers shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-4, the fire resistance rate of which shall not be less than one hour, the fire resistance rate of the door shall not be less than 20 minutes and each smoke sector is considered a temporary refuge area. 9-4-4: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-4-4-1: protection by water sprinklers All care occupancies buildings shall be protected with water sprinklers except the building consisting of two floors or less to an area not exceeding 2000 M2 for each floor. 9-4-4-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-4-2. 9-4-4-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7 b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table 9-4-3.

138

Table: 9-4-2: fire fighting and alarm equipment for care’s building:

Type Required cases 1)Manual extinguishment equipment Manual extinguishers All floors

2)fixed installation Rubber hoses network All floors if the total area exceed 2000 m2 Dry riser network As per 8-3-1. Wet risers network As per 8-4-1 External risers network Huge complexes 3) Fire alarm equipment Manual and Automatic alarm system All floors Table: (9-4-3) Engineering Services related to fire prevention in care buildings:

Type Required cases Ventilation system As per the approved specifications by the civil

defense. Lighted guidance signs Means of egress Emergency lighting network Mezzanine, Means of egress, sleeping areas and

halls Reserve source of electricity All care occupants where equipment and machines

are necessary to keep a person alive. Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resisting doors In accordance with this section and chapter 5 & 6. 9-4-5: Operation and follow Up: 9-4-5-1: Emergency plan and mock exercises : a) The management shall develop and make a plan to protect all occupants of the building from any probable fire and also to vacate them to the temporary refuge and to vacate them outside the building if necessary. The plan shall be written and available for all supervision and control individuals. A copy of the plan shall be provided to the telephone operator and another to the security section. All employees shall be periodically informed of the responsibilities lying on them within the plan. b) Mock vacation exercise shall be conducted at least one time every three months, for each shift. c) All employees shall be trained on safety measurements and on safety equipments. 9-4-5-2: Measures to be applied during fire: All employees shall be trained to quick response to any emergency fire, so that all the people present at the fire place shall be transferred and then a reasonable alarm signal

139

shall be sent to warn the other people present in the building, in addition to closing of the door to isolate the fire area and limit its spreading after that the duties stated in the emergency plan shall be implemented. The plan shall include the following:

1) fire discovery: 2) use of alarm system 3) inform civil defense 4) response to alarm 5) isolate the fire 6) vacate the fire area 7) prepare the building for vacation 8) Fighting fire.

9-4-5-3: Maintenance of the exits: Exit shall be maintained to be preserved in a good way. When taking the approval of civil defense to close the door of exit, sufficient number of quailed employee shall be available to open the doors and then transfer the dwellers from the direct hazardous area to a safe place in case of emergency. 9-4-5-4: Smoking Smoking shall be organized in a way that shall include the following measurements as a minimum:

1) Smoking shall be prohibited in any place where fast burning liquids or gases or oxygen is used in addition to other hazardous places.

2) Dwellers who are unable to hold responsibilities alone shall not be allowed to smoke unless direct supervision is available.

3) “No smoking” sign shall be hanged in the places where smoking is prohibited.

4) Ashtrays made of non burnable materials shall be used and steel containers with self closing lids in order to discharge cigarette buds, it shall be distributed in all places where smoking is allowed.

9-4-5-5: furniture and decorations: a) All curtains, covers, bed sheets and other clothes hanged shall be as per the provisions stated in 6-7-1. b) The uphold furniture shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-7-2. c) The beddings shall be in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-7-2 & 6-7-3. d) Burnable decoration materials shall not be used unless it is treated with flame choking materials. e) The capacity of garbage containers, linen and bed sheets containers shall not exceed 121 Liters, if the capacity exceeds this figure, it shall be placed in special places to be classified and protected on the basis of being hazardous area.

140

9-5: Group (D- 1) Hotels and Sleeping Areas Occupancies

9-5-1: General 9-5-1-1: Definitions Hotels and sleeping area occupancies: This is the building used for temporary accommodation and listed under group D-1 and shown in article (4-2-4). Bed rooms: This is the room in the hotels allocated for sleeping and accommodating and which include medical services and storage services. Sleeping Suites: This is the suites consisting of two rooms or more in the hotel allocated for sleeping and accommodating and which include medical services and storage services. 9-5-1-2: Mixed occupancies: a) If there are other occupants in the same residential building, the provisions stated in 4-5 shall be applied unless otherwise is stated in this section. b) Regarding the residential occupants mixed with other assembling occupants, the provisions stated in 9-1-1-2 shall be applied, and with commercial occupancies the provisions stated in 9-9-1-2 and with administrative and professional occupancies, the provision of article 8-1-9-2 shall be applied. 9-5-1-3: Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments: a) There shall be possibility for arrival of civil defense machines and equipments, as per the conditions stated in chapter 3 in addition to the present conditions. b) There shall be parking allocated for the civil defense machines and equipments, in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 3. 9-5-1-4: contents’ degree of hazard: The degree of hazards of the residential occupancies shall be classified on the basis that they are of ordinary hazards, such classification shall not apply to designs and measurements related to water sprinklers, if any. 9-5-1-5: Constructional requirements a) The provisions of chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions B)) the types of permitted constructions in hotels and sleeping area buildings shall be determined with reference to table 9-5-1. c) The openings of pipes, carriers, and a/c passage and other shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers, as per the conditions stated in chapter: 6. Table: (9-5-1) types of permitted constructions in Hotels and sleeping area’s buildings:

141

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 3 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted but shall not be used for residence

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Not permitted Permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Not permitted

Second (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800 M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1200M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1200M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

9-5-2: Means of egress 9-5-2-1: General: a) The general provisions of means of egress, stated in chapter 5 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) Sufficient and reasonable means of egress shall be provided for all bedrooms and sleeping suites to outside the building as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisos.

142

9-5-2-2: occupancy load: Occupancy load shall be determined on the basis of one person for each 18.5 M2 of the total area of the place or on the basis of the maximum probable number of occupants, whichever is bigger. 9-5-2-3: Components of means of egress The Doors, Stairs and ramps, horizontal exits, corridors, and temporary refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-5-2-4: No of exits The number of exits in any floor shall not be less than two, and the provisions of article 5-4 shall be observed, one exit may be enough when all the following are available: 1) The number of floor shall not exceed 3 2) The total occupancy load of floor shall not exceed 30 3) The maximum traveling distance shall not exceed 15 M 9-5-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.) b) The maximum limits permitted for travel distances, dead ends and obligatory routes of movements, stated in table 5-2 shall be observed, for measuring the length of compulsory traveling paths no need to take the traveling path inside the residential unit in consideration. c) At least two exit doors shall be provided for each bed room or sleeping suites to an area exceeding 185 M2, the two doors shall be from each other. 9-5-2-6: Traveling distance: Traveling distance shall not exceed the following: 4) From any point in bed room or sleeping suites upto the door leading to the corridor: 20 M. the distance may be increased upto 30 m in the buildings protected with sprinklers. 5) From the door leading to the corridor upto the nearest exit: 25M, however the distance may be increased to become 45 M in the buildings protected with sprinklers or where the paths to reach exit are external balconies. 9-5-2-7: discharge of exits: a) Discharge of exit shall be made in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9: 9-5-2-8: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3 in addition to the present provisions.

143

B) The corridors shall be wide enough to include the expected occupancy load, and shall not be less than 110 cm. 9-5-3

Protection:

9-5-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: a) All vertical spaces such as stair case, elevator pit, balconies and others shall be protected in accordance with the conditions stated in 6-3-10; all exceptions permitted as stated in 6-3-10 may be used, provided that the building shall have two exits or more. b) all the openings connecting between the underground floors and the ground floor shall be surrounded with fire resisting barriers, if the under ground floors are allocated for storage or if there is some heaters, boilers or car parking.

9-5-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-5-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Hotels and sleeping areas shall be divided into fire sectors, as per the provisions stated in 6-3 in addition to the provisions of this section. b) The walls of all corridors leading to the exits shall be of fire resistance rate not less than one hour, the resistant rate may be minimized to half an hour, if the building is full protected with sprinklers: No unprotected opening shall be left in the walls of such corridors including a/c openings, however the corridors’ doors resistance rate shall not be less than 20 minutes and self closing.

9-5-3-4 Protection from hazards: a- All the hazardous area shall be protected as per the conditions stated

in 6-5 in addition to the present conditions. b- The rooms which contain high pressure boilers, or huge refrigerating

equipment, huge electrical transformers or other equipment which are exposed to explosion shall not be placed near exits or directly under it, moreover, such rooms shall be separated from the other parts of the building as per the conditions stated in 6-5.

c- Hazardous area shall be protected either by being separated from other parts of the building with fire resisting barriers, being protected with sprinklers, or by both, as stated in table 9-5-2 and when the place is allowed to be protected with sprinklers without stipulating that the fire resisting barriers shall be applied, when this solution is

144

approved, the place shall be separated by smoke barriers as per the provisions stated in 6-4.

9-5-3-5 Interior finishes: a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs shall be as follows: from category (a) as to the exits and categories a or b as to corridors and lobby and category A, B Or C as to the other places. c) The interior finishes of the flooring of exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-5-3-6 Furniture and decoration: d) All Curtains, covers, bed sheets and the clothes hanged shall be as per

the provisions stated in 6-7-1. e) Burnable decoration materials shall not be used unless it is treated

with flame spreading choking materials. 9-5-4: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-5-4-1: Protection by water sprinklers All hotel and sleeping areas buildings shall be protected with water sprinklers except for the following: 1) The building consisting of three floors or less provided that the area of a single fire sector shall not exceed 1000 M2. 2) The building in which there is a door for each bed room or sleeping suites opening to outside directly or to an external balcony leading to the exits. 9-5-4-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-5-3. 9-5-4-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-5-4. 9-5-5: Operation and follow up: 9-5-5-1: Emergency planning and mock exercises: a) All employees shall be trained on measurements to be followed up during fire, terror, and other emergency cases.

145

b) mock emergency exercises shall be conducted at least one time every three months, for each shift, it shall include the important main points such as vacation, operation and maintenance of preliminary fire fighting equipment, available in the building, how to use alarm equipment, study and review the emergency instructions. 9-5-5-2: Measures to be applied during fire: When fire is discovered, the employees will do the following:

• Launch the public alarm system, if any. • Inform the civil defense. • Carry out the other required measurements.

9-5-3: Safety Instructions An architectural plan shall be made to each floor so that it shall show the shape of the floor, locations of exits and rooms and the plan shall be hanged on the entrance of sleeping rooms and suites. All the dwellers shall also be provided with safety instructions bulletin.

Table: 9-5-2: Protection of hazardous places: Places or Areas Surrounding / protection Heaters and boilers which work with fuel and which serves more than one sleeping room or suite.

Resisting for one hour+ sprinklers.

Commercial kitchens As per the condition stated in 7-3. Sales outlets including sale of gifts Resisting for one hour ( or sprinklers) Employees clothing room Resisting for one hour (or sprinklers) maintenance workshops Resisting for one hour (or sprinklers) Central laundries Resisting for one hour + sprinklers Laundries to the area of 9.3 M2 or less which are located outside sleeping rooms or suites.

Resisting for one hour (or sprinklers)

Laundries which area exceeds 9.3 M2 which are located outside sleeping rooms or suites.

Resisting for one hour + sprinklers

Storage rooms : Resisting for one hour + sprinklers Garbage collection room Resisting for one hour + sprinklers

Table: (9-5-3): Alarm and Fire Fighting Equipment for Hotels and Sleeping Area Buildings:

Type Required cases 1) manual extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All floors 2) fixed fixtures

146

Rubber hose network After all floors – (excluding building consisted of two floors or less, the area of the floor is less than 2000 M2.

Dry riser net work As per 8-3-1 Wet riser net work As per 8-4-1 External riser net work Big Complexes 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system

All floors

Table: (9-5-4): Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in Hotels and sleeping area buildings: Type Required cases

Ventilation system As per the specifications approved by the civil defense.

Lighted guidance signs Basement, means of egress

Emergency lighting network Basement, means of egress

Reserve electricity source High rise buildings

Fire elevator High rise buildings

Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters 5 & 6.

9-6: Group D -2 Residential flat occupants:

9-6-1-: General 9-6-1-1: residential flat occupants Residential flat occupants include Building of Group D-2 which includes not less than 3 separate residential units allocated for permanent residence, each residence unit shall include a kitchen and bathroom, this group shall also include furnished flat used for permanent residence.

147

9-6-1-2-: mix occupants: a) If there are other occupants in the same residential building, the provision stated in 4-5- shall be applied unless otherwise stated in this section. b) regarding mixed residential occupants with assembling occupants, the provisions stated in 9-1-1-2, and as to commercial occupancies, the provisions stated in 9-9-1-2 shall be applied, for administrative and professional occupants the provisions stated in 9-8-1-2 shall be applied. 9-6-1-3: arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: a) There shall be possibility for civil defense machineries and equipment to arrive as per the provisions stated in chapter 3 in addition to the present provisions. b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-16-1-4: contents’ degree of hazard: Degree of hazard of the contents of residential occupants is classified as ordinary hazard. 9-6-1-5: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) The types of permitted constructions in residential flats buildings are determined in accordance with table 9-6-1. c) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others passage shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in Chapter: 6. 9-6-2: Means of egress 9-6-2-1 General a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accord with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. b) Sufficient and reasonable means of egress shall be provided from all residential units to outside the building in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-6-2-2: Occupancy load: Occupancy load shall be determined on the basis of one person for each 18.5 M2, of the total area of the place or on the basis of maximum probable number of occupants of the place, whichever is bigger. 9-6-2-3 Components of means of egress: The Doors, Stairs and ramps, horizontal exits, corridors, and temporary

refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5

148

in addition to the present provisions.

9-6-2-4 No of exits: The number of exits in any floor shall not be less than two, and the provisions of article 5-4 shall be observed, one exit may be enough when all the following are available: a) building which height of flooring of last occupied floor exceed 21 M, measured as to the level of pavement, provided that the following shall be provided number of residential units shall not exceed 6 2) The area of a single floor shall not exceed 500 m2 3) The distance from the entrance of the residential unit upto the stairs’ door shall not exceed 9 Meters. 4) The stairs shall outlook one of the external facades on the building and shall be provided with natural ventilation in the form of openable windows. 5) Each residential unit shall be provided with at least one window for rescue and ventilation as per the provisions stated in 5-2-9-4. And they shall be possibility for the civil defense machines and equipments to reach it. 6) The net width shall not be less than 110 cm for the stairs. b) The buildings which height of the flooring of the last occupied floor is between 21 upto 28 Meters measured as to the level of pavement provided that the following shall be available. 1) Number of the residential unit in a single floor shall not exceed 4. 2) the area of the floor shall not exceed 300 M2 3) The distance from the entrance of the residential unit upto the stairs door shall not exceed 6 meters. 4) The stairs shall outlook one of the external facades on the building and shall be provided with natural ventilation in the form of openable windows. 5) Each residential unit shall be provided with at least one window for rescue and ventilation as per the provisions stated in 5-2-9-4. And there shall be possibility for the civil defense machines and equipments to reach it. 6) The net width shall not be less than 120 cm for the stairs 7) The building shall be fully protected with water sprinklers system on the basis of full coverage.

9-6-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.) b) The maximum limits permitted for travel distances, dead ends and obligatory routes of movements, stated in table 5-2 shall be observed, for measuring the length of compulsory

149

traveling paths no need to take the traveling path inside the residential unit in consideration. 9-6-2-6: Traveling distance: Traveling distance shall not exceed the following: 1) From any point in residential unit upto the door leading to the corridor: 20 M. the distance may be increased upto 30 m in the buildings protected with sprinklers. 2) From the door leading to the corridor upto the nearest exit: 25M, however the distance may be increased to become 45 M in the buildings protected with sprinklers or where the paths to reach exit are external balconies. 9-6-2-7: Discharge of exits: Discharge of exit shall be made in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9: 9-6-2-8: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3 in addition to the present provisions. B) The corridors shall be wide enough to include the expected occupancy load, and shall not be less than 110 cm. 9-6-3 Protection: 9-6-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces:

a) All vertical spaces such as stair case, elevator pit, balconies and others shall be protected in accordance with the conditions stated in 6-3-10; all exceptions permitted as stated in 6-3-10 may be used, provided that the building shall have two exits or more. b) all the openings connecting between the underground floors and the ground floor shall be surrounded with fire resisting barriers, if the under ground floors are allocated for storage or if there is some heaters, boilers or car parking.

9-6-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-6-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Residential buildings shall be divided into fire sectors, as per the provisions stated in 6-3 in addition to the provisions of this section. b) The walls of all corridors leading to the exits shall be of fire resistance rate not less than one hour, the resistant rate may be minimized to half an hour, if the building is fully protected with sprinklers: No unprotected opening shall be left in the walls of such corridors including a/c openings, however the corridors’ doors resistance rate shall not be less than 20 minutes and self closing.

150

9-6-3-4 Protection from hazards: All the hazardous area shall be protected as per the conditions stated in 6-5

9-6-3-5 Interior finishes: a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs shall be as follows: from category (a) as to the exits and categories a or b as to corridors and lobby and category A, B Or C as to the other places. c) The interior finishes of the flooring of exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-6-4: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-6-4-1: Protection by water sprinklers All residential units are exempted from protection by water sprinklers, except what is required by the provisions stated in 9-6-2-4 9-6-4-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-6-2 9-6-4-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-6-3. 9-6-5: Emergency instructions for the residents. All residential units shall be annually provided with the emergency instructions, which shows the location of manual alarm points, corridors of egress, and exits in addition to the measurements to be followed up when fire takes place inside or outside the residential unit and also when the alarm bell is heard.

151

Table: (9-6-1) Type of constructions permitted in residential flat buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 3 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted but shall not be used for residence

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Not permitted Permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Not permitted

Second (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800 M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1200M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1200M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

152

Table: 9-6-2: Fire Fighting and alarm equipments in residential buildings:

Type Required cases

3) Manual Extinguishing equipment Manual extinguishers All floors

4) fixed fixtures Rubber hose network After all floors – (excluding building consisted of two

floors or less, the area of the floor is less than 2000 M2.) Dry riser net work As per 8-3-1 Wet riser net work As per 8-4-1 External riser net work Big Complexes 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system

All floors with closed corridors between flats

Table: (9-6-3) Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in Residential Flat Buildings: Type Required cases Ventilation system As per the specifications approved by the civil defense. Lighted guidance signs Basement, means of egress Emergency lighting network Basement, means of egress Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters 5 & 6.

153

9-7: Group D -3 Single Family / Two Families Building

9-7-1-: General 9-7-1-1: Application These conditions cover all buildings which include not more than two residential units for permanent residence; each residential unit is occupied by the members of the same family, such as popular residence and villas. 9-7-1-2-: Mixed occupancies: If there are other occupants in the same residential building, the provision stated in 4-5- shall be applied. 9-7-1-3: Arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: There shall be possibility for civil defense machineries and equipment to arrive as per the provisions stated in chapter 3 in addition to the present provisions. b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-7-1-4: Contents’ degree of hazard: Degree of hazard of the contents of residential occupants is classified as ordinary hazard. 9-7-1-5: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) All types of constructions stated in chapter: 6 may be used in single family/ two family buildings, however the following shall be observed: * Second type (000) and third type (200): only two floors and the area of the floor shall not exceed 600 M2. Type 5 (000): only one floor and the area shall not exceed 400 M2. * Other types: permitted without any restrictions. 9-7-2: Means of egress 9-7-2-1 General a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accord with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-7-2-2: No and type of means of egress: a) not less than one main means of egress shall be provided in addition to a secondary means of egress for each bed room and each dining room in any residential unit which contain two rooms or more, however the secondary means of egress may be dispensed with if the room is having a door leading directly to outside or if the residential unit is protected with water sprinklers.

154

b) Two main means of egress shall be provided for each floor which area doesn’t exceed 185 M2 or if the traveling distance to reach the main mean of egress exceeds 23 Meters. 9-7-2-2-1: Main mean of egress: There may be a main mean of egress which is door, stairs or ramp which must be characterized with the possibility of continuous egress from the residential unit upto the public road. 9-7-2-2-2: Secondary mean of egress There may be a secondary mean of egress of one of the following types:

1) Door, stairs or ramp separate from the main mean of egress and far from it leading to the public road.

2) A corridor through any neighboring area which is clear and independent of the main mean of egress and shall lead to an approved mean of egress.

3) External door or window opening from inside without a need to use keys and the external windows shall achieve the conditions stated in (5-2-9-5) and shall be considered admissible if one of the following conditions if fulfilled.

• the height of the window or door doesn’t exceed 6 meters as to the pavement

level, or • the civil defense ladders may reach to the window or the door or • The door or the window outlook an external balcony.

9-7-2-3: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be clear in all times and there shall be possibility to open all doors from inside without need to use keys. b) There shall be possibility to open the doors of bathrooms from outside emergencies c) The net width of the doors shall not be less than 70 cm d) Ramps, stairs and barriers of protection from failing down, handrails shall be as per the provisions of chapter 5 and the net width of stairs, ramps and balconies shall not exceed 90 cm. e) Revolving stairs may be used as per the provisions stated in 5-2-2-4. 9-7-3 Protection: 9-7-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces:

Vertical spaces may be left without restriction, excluding the openings joins between the underground floor and the ground floor which shall be surrounded by barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour.

9-7-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-7-3-3 Division into fire sectors:

155

a) Residential buildings shall be separated from each other with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not be less than ½ hour. b) The underground floor shall be separated from the from the ground floor with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour.

9-7-3-4 Interior finishes: a) The interior finishes of walls and roofs from category (A, B Or C shall be as per the provisions stated in 6-6

9-7-3-5: Protection from fire: a) There shall be at least two manual fire sprinklers, one in the kitchen and the other near the main entrance. b) Preventive measurements shall be provided in the field of engineering services in accordance with chapter: 5.

156

9-8: Group E Administrative and Professional Occupancies:

9-8-1-: General 9-8-1-1: Definition of administrative and professional occupancies: These are the buildings where administrative and professional non industrial services are practiced, such as banks, saloons, beauty centers, clinics, general and dental, administrative and professional offices, post offices, civil defense centers and departments, municipalities, civil service offices, police sections offices, wire and wireless etislat equipment buildings TV and broadcasting stations control towers in airports, car showrooms, cars cleaning centers, dispensaries without sleeping areas, typing centers, translations office, consultation offices, veterinary offices, educational buildings in universities, including classes which contains less than 50 persons, educational laboratories. 9-8-1-2-: mixed occupancies: a) Where there are other occupants with administrative and professional occupancies the conditions applied in 4-5 - shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) Administrative and professional occupancies shall be separated from other occupancies in accordance with table 4-1. c) Where there is residential occupancy (group-D) above the administrative and professional occupancy, the residential occupancy and its exits shall be separated from the administrative and professional occupancy with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour. d) Means of egress of any residential unit shall not pass through any professional and administrative occupancy. e) When there is common parking with administrative and professional occupancy in the same building, the two occupancies shall be separated from each other by barters which fire resistance rate shall not b less than 2 hours. f) Exits may be common between administrative and professional occupancies and other occupancies, provided that its capacity shall be enough to include the loads of all occupancies at the same time. 9-8-1-3: arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: a) There shall be possibility for civil defense machineries and equipment to arrive as per the provisions stated in chapter 3 in addition to the present provisions. b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-8-1-4: contents’ degree of hazard:

157

Degree of hazard of the contents of administrative and professional occupancies is classified as ordinary, such classification shall not apply to design and calculations related to water sprinklers system if any. 9-8-1-5: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) The types of permitted constructions in and professional buildings are determined in accordance with table 9-8-1. c) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others passage shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in Chapter: 6. 9-8-2: Means of egress 9-8-2-1 General a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. b) Sufficient and reasonable means of egress shall be provided from all sections upto outside the building in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-8-2-2: Occupancy load: Occupancy load shall be determined on the basis of not less than one person for each 9.5 M2, of the total area of the floor, however the occupancy load of the places used for other purposes shall be calculated on the basis of each type of occupancy separately. 9-8-2-3 Components of means of egress: The Doors, ordinary and slopping Stairs, stairs protected from smoke,

horizontal exits, ramps, corridors, and temporary refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions.

9-8-2-4 No of exits: a) Except what is permitted under this condition, at least two separate exits shall be provided for each floor and the provisions stated in 5-4 shall be observed. There shall be possibility to each exit from all part of the floor. b) It may be enough to keep one exit in each of the following cases. 1) Buildings which floors do not exceed four and which total occupancy load for each floor doesn’t exceed 50, the maximum travel distance to reach the exit doesn’t exceed 23 meters. (30 meters if the building is protected with sprinklers). 2) each room or area which occupancy load doesn’t exceed 100 provided that it shall have one exit at least leading to go outside and provided that the total

158

traveling distance shall from any point until reaching outside the building (including the traveling distance within the exit), shall not exceed 30 meters, the height of the stairs ( if any) shall not exceed 4.5 M, measured as to the pavement, unless the stairs is an outside one in compliance with the provisions stated in 5-2-2-8-2. 3) Mezzanine provided that the compulsory path of traveling length shall not exceed 23 meters (30 meters if the building is protected with sprinklers).

9-8-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.) b) The maximum limits permitted for dead ends and obligatory routes of movements, stated in table 5-2 shall be observed. 9-8-2-6: Traveling distance: Traveling distance from any point until reaching the nearest exit shall not exceed 50 Meters (75 meters if the building is protected with sprinklers). 9-8-2-7: Discharge of exits: Discharge of exit shall be made in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9: 9-8-2-8: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present provisions. B) The corridors shall be wide enough to include the expected occupancy load, and shall not be less than 110 cm. 9-8-3

Protection:

9-8-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: a) All vertical spaces such as stair case, elevator pit, balconies and others shall be protected in accordance with the conditions stated in 6-3-10; all exceptions permitted as stated in 6-3-10 may be used, provided that the building shall have two exits or more. b) All the openings connecting between the underground floors and the ground floor shall be surrounded with fire resisting barriers, if the under ground floors are allocated for storage or other occupancies other than administrative and professional occupancies.

159

9-8-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-8-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Administrative and professional buildings shall be divided into fire sectors, as per the provisions stated in 6-3 in addition to the provisions of this section. b) When reaching the exits shall be through corridors, such corridors shall be separated with barriers which fire resistant rate is not less than one hour and the resistance rate of such corridor shall not be less than 20 minutes, and except to the provisions in the following cases: * when the place or floor is used by one tenant, * when the building is protected by water sprinklers

9-8-3-4 Protection from hazards: All the hazardous area, such as storage rooms, boilers rooms, heaters which works with fuel, owners, electrical generators, maintenance workshops including wood workshops and painting areas shall be protected by being separated from the other part of the buildings with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour or shall be protected with sprinklers, however, all hazardous areas shall be protected in accordance with article 6-5. .

9-8-3-5 Interior finishes: a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs shall be as follows: from category (a) or B as to the exits and corridors and category A, B Or C as to the other places. c) The interior finishes of the flooring of exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-8-4: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-8-4-1: Protection by water sprinklers All underground floors shall be protected with by water sprinklers, when the conditions of article 10-1-3 applied to it. B) Administrative and professional buildings shall be protected with water sprinklers if the fire sector area exceeds 2000 m2, except for the buildings consisting of one floor. 9-8-4-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment:

160

Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-8-2 9-8-4-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-8-3. 9-8-5: Operation and follow up: 9-8-5-1: Mock vacation exercise: If the number of occupants of the building exceed 500 or the number of occupants in the upper or underground floors exceed 100 all employees shall be trained and the measurements to be followed for vacation due to fire, in addition to that there must be some mock vacation exercises to be conducted personally if it is practically possible. 9-8-5-2: Preliminary Fighting Equipment: All employees of administrative and professional building shall be trained to use the preliminary fighting equipment available in the building. Table: (9-8-1) Type of constructions permitted in administrative and professional buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 3 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Permitted Only one floor

Permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 2100M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 2100M2.

Not permitted

Second (000)

Not permitted

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400 M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1400 M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

161

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 500M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Not permitted

Table: 9-8-2: Fire Fighting and alarm equipments in administrative and

professional buildings:

Type Required cases 5) Manual Extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All floors 6) fixed fixtures

Rubber hose network After all floors – (excluding building consisted of two floors or less, the area of the floor is less than 2000 M2. for each floor)

Dry riser net work As per 8-3-1 Wet riser net work As per 8-4-1 External riser net work Big Complexes 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system All floors (except buildings which floor total

area doesn’t exceed 2000 M2 and the offices which opens directly to outside or to an open balcony join with the exits.

Table: (9-8-3) Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in administrative

and professional buildings: Type Required cases Ventilation system As per the specifications approved by the civil defense. Lighted guidance signs Basement, means of egress Emergency lighting network Basement, means of egress Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters 5 & 6.

162

9-9: Group F Commercial Occupancies:

9-9-1-: General 9-9-1-1: Definition of commercial occupancies: These are the buildings or part of where goods and commodities are displayed or sold such as commercial outlets, shops, malls, shopping centers, commercial showroom halls, supermarket, foodstuff, selling markets, cars’ service stations. Covered Mall: Pedestrians cover corridor, joined with several commercial outlets located inside the covered mall. Covered mall Building: It’s a building including the covered mall, corridor, with several tenants and several occupants such as supermarkets, other commercial outlets, restaurant, amusement establishments, offices and others, provided that the number of the leased places joined with a covered mall shall not be less than 2. Anchor store: This is the main commercial outlet lays at the sides of the mail and having entrances to the mall but with completely several means of egress apart from the mall. 9-9-1-2-: Mixed occupancies: a) All mixed occupancies shall be subjected to the provisions stated in 4-5, in addition to the present provisions: b) Commercial Occupancies shall be separated from other occupancies in accordance with table 4-1. c) Where there is residential occupancy (group – b) above a commercial occupancy, the residential occupancy and its exits shall be separated from the commercial occupancy which barriers with fire resistance rate shall not be less than one hour. d) If there is parking under the commercial occupancy, the two occupancies shall be separated with barriers which fire resistance shall be less than two hours. E) Occupancies of group (I) shall not be common with commercial occupancies. 9-9-1-3: classification of commercial occupancies: Commercial occupancies are classified into secondary categories as follows:

1) Category: 1 all commercial outlets allocated for selling, which total area exceeds 2800 M2, or which number of floors exceeds 3, excluding mezzanine.

2) Category: 2 all commercial outlets allocated for selling, which total area ranges between 280- 2800 M2, or outlets consisting of two floors, excluding mezzanine.

3) Category: 3 all commercial outlets allocated for selling and consisting of one floor which total area less than 280 M2, excluding mezzanine.

163

9-9-1-4: Arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: a) In addition to the provisions of chapter (3) there shall be a road or street around the shopping mall building and shopping centers so that there shall be possibility for civil defense machineries and equipment to arrive to all facades b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-9-1-5: contents’ degree of hazard: Degree of hazard of the contents of commercial occupancies, is classified as ordinary hazard as per the provisions stated in 4-1 9-9-1-6: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) The types of permitted constructions in commercial buildings are determined in accordance with table 9-9-1. c) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others passage shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in Chapter: 6. 9-9-2: Means of egress 9-9-2-1 General a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. b) Stairs, and opened internal ramps shall not be considered as means of egress unless it serves only one floor. 9-9-2-2: Occupancy load: Occupancy load in commercial building shall be determined on the basis of occupancy load factors stated in table 5-1: 9-9-2-3 Components of means of egress: The Doors, ordinary and slopping Stairs, horizontal exits, ramps, corridors,

and temporary refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions.

9-9-2-4 No of exits: a) they shall be provided with not less than two separate exits for each floor or fire sector in the building provided that they can be reached upon from any point in the floor or mezzanine and the and the provisions stated in 5-4 shall be observed.

164

b) It may be enough to keep one exit for commercial occupancies from category:, provided that the traveling distance from any point in the commercial outlets to the exit or to the main corridor in the covered mall shall not exceed 23 Meters

9-9-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.) b) For traveling distance and dead ends and obligatory routes of movements, stated in table 5-2 shall be observed. c) The width of the corridors leading to the exits shall not be less than 110 cm. there shall be at least one corridor which width shall not be less than 150 cm in category 1 outlets and such corridor shall lead directly to at least one exit. 9-9-2-7: Discharge of exits: A) Discharge of exit shall be made in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9 in addition to the preset conditions. b) Half of the required number of exits may end in the lobby of the ground floor as per the conditions stated in 5-7. 9-9-2-7: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present provisions. B) In outlets from category 1 or 2, the exit located in the ground floor shall be sufficient to include the occupancy load of the ground floor in addition to the occupancy load required for the stairs and ramps of other floors which ends in such exits. 9-9-3

Protection:

9-9-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: All vertical spaces such as stair case, balconies, elevator pit, and others shall be protected by fire resisting barriers as per the portions stated in 6-3-10; however the following exceptions shall be considered: a) the vertical spaces may be left without protection in category 1 and 2 commercial outlets, if they are fully protected with sprinklers as follows: 1) between any neighboring two floors or 2) between the ground floor and the floor under it and the one above it directly (or mezzanine), or 3) The medium space joining between 3 floors (maximum) in accordance with article (6-3-10-6).

165

b) In category 3 commercial outlets, vertical spaces between the ground floor and mezzanine may be left without protection. c) There might be medium space joining between more than 3 floors in accordance with article 6-3-10-7.

9-9-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-9-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) The building shall be divided into fire sectors as per the provisions stated in 6-2 3 in addition to the present provisions.

9-9-3-4 Protection from hazards: a) All hazardous areas shall be protected in accordance with article 6-5. b) All hazardous area such as storage rooms, boilers rooms, heaters which works with fuel, Owens, electrical generators, maintenance workshops including wood workshops and painting areas shall be protected by being separated from the other part of the buildings with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour or shall be protected with sprinklers. c) Places of high hazard basic contents shall be protected by being separated from the other part of the buildings with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour and to cover the place with water sprinklers.

9-9-3-5 Interior finishes: a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs of exits from shall be from category (a) or B shall be from category a, or b or c for the wall and roofs of corridors. c) The interior finishes of the flooring of exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-9-4: Special Arrangements 9-9-4-1: commercial operation in open air: When commercial operations are concluded in open air, such as open markets, fuel stations and others, the necessary arrangements shall be made to maintain the means of egress in clear condition, free from hindrance in all times, without any dead ends for any reason whatsoever. 9-9-4-2: Covered mall buildings:

166

The purpose of this article is to state the minimum required for safety as related to shopping malls which height doesn’t exceed 3 floors, if it is required for more than 3 floors, that shall be subjected to the approval of the civil defense and each case shall be taken on its own merit after submitting complete study to ensure safety of lives and properties. The civil defense may refuse to approve or may require any additional measurements. 9-9-4-2-1: means of egress from shopping malls: a) When calculating means of egress, the shopping mall building shall be considered as one building to which the general conditions stated in this section shall apply. The shopping mall shall be of sufficient width to include the occupants of the place. b) contrary to the previous article, the mall corridor may be considered as pedestrian corridor as the maximum permitted for traveling distance from any point in any leased outlet to the nearest exit or to the mall’s corridors may be 45 meters (or any other figure as per the type of occupancy) in addition to another 45 meters permitted to travel inside the mall’s corridor, provided that the following shall be available. 1) The corridor of the mall shall be wide enough to include the occupants of the place and shall not be less than 6 meters. 2) The net width between the facades of the outlets and any obstacles located in the corridor of the mall such as seats or display board or kiosks shall not be less than 3 meters, and corridor shall continue to lead to at least one exit which width shall not be less than 165 cm. 3) The distribution of the required exit shall be equally along with the mall’s corridor. 4) The corridor of the mall and all the buildings joined to it shall be protected by water sprinkler system. The system of the sprinklers shall be arranged in a way that if any part of the system which covers the leased outlets is put out of service that shall not affect the function of the other part which covers the mall’s corridor. 5) The wall separating with the leased outlet shall continue from the wall upto the roof except the walls of the facades out looking the mall’s corridor and except the walls of the outlets which are provided with smoke control system. 6) The mall’s corridor shall be provided with smoke control system. 9-9-4-2-2: Details of means of egress: a) Goods of high hazard degree shall not be stored of displayed in the limit of 30m distance from the exit unless they are put inside containers which provide necessary protection. b) The required number of means of egress shall be provided as per the conditions stated 5-4 for each floor of the shopping mall building, provided that the number shall not be less than 2. c) The number of means of egress for category 1 & 2 outlets which are joined with the corridor of the shopping mall shall not be less than 2.

167

d) Each main outlet attached to the mall shall have means of egress fully separate from the mall, otherwise it shall be considered when calculating the total load of occupancy of the mall. 9-9-5: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-9-5-1: requirements of protection by water sprinklers The following commercial occupancies shall be protected by water sprinklers.

1) Commercial occupants from category 1 unless the contents are of low hazard degree.

2) All commercial buildings in which the area of single fire sector exceeds 2000 M2 for the building consisting of ground floor only, and 1200 M2 for the building of multiple storey unless the contents are low hazard degree.

3) Shopping malls in accordance with article 9-9-4-2-1: 4) Underground floor if its area exceeds 250 m2, and it is used to sell, store, or treat

burnable materials and commodities. 9-9-5-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-9-2 9-9-5-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-9-3. 9-9-6: Operation and follow up: a) Periodical training shall be provided about vacation procedures and mock exercise execution as to all the employees of commercial companies of category 1 & 2. b) All the employees in commercial equipment categories shall be trained about how to use the manual sprinklers and other preliminary fighting equipments.

168

Table: (9-9-1) Type of constructions permitted in commercial buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 3 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted only two floors

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Permitted Only one floor

Permitted Permitted,

Permitted, Not permitted

Second (000)

Not permitted

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000 M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000M2.

Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000 M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Not permitted

Table: 9-9-2: Fire Fighting and alarm equipments in Commercial Buildings:

Type Category Required cases 7) Manual Extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All categories All floors 8) fixed fixtures

Rubber hose network (1), ( (2) All floors – if the area exceeds 2000 M2.

Dry riser net work (1) , (2) As per 8-3-1

169

Wet riser net work (1) As per 8-4-1, all shopping mall building

External riser net work Big Complexes 3) Fire Alarm equipment All floors – if the area exceeds

2000 M2. Automatic and manual alarm system

(1) , (2) All floors – if the area exceeds 2000 M2.

Table: (9-9-3): Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in commercial buildings:

Type Category Required cases

Ventilation system Shopping malls As per the specifications approved

by the civil defense. Lighted guidance signs (1), (2) Means of egress Emergency lighting network (1), (2) All floors Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator (2) High rise buildings Fire resistant doors All categories In accordance with this section and

chapters 5 & 6.

170

9-10: Group G Storage Occupancies:

9-10-1-: General 9-10-1-1: Definition of Storage occupancies: 9.10.1.1.1. Ordinary storage occupancies:

They are the buildings and establishments where persons carry out manufacturing, assembling or production of materials and other products inside the ordinary buildings allocated for such operations, the concentration of workers and employees is high. Storage occupancies are divided into two secondary groups, as per the degree of hazard. (In addition to high hazard storage occupancies as per section 9-12- ).

1) Group G: -1. Storage occupancies with ordinary hazard: Such as laboratories which include burnable materials and liquids, energy stations, laundries, dry cleaning outlets, bakeries, manufacturing of cycle, building of vessels and boats, stationery equipment and installation manufacturing, photographic equipment manufacturing, canning including food products, cloths, powder and condensed milk, antiseptics manufacturing, electronics, engines and machines, textile, cotton, tents, carpets, hemp, jute, audible oil, carton, furniture and upholstery workshop, manufacturing of tobacco, manufacturing of all types of cars, photographic films, treatment of food , laundries, wooden works, manufacturing of cartoon for cinema and TV, manufacturing of musical, papers and its products, manufacturing go plastic products, printing press, garbage burning Owens, manufacturing of shoes, manufacturing of soap and cleaning materials, sugar refining labs, manufacturing or aircrafts and manufacturing of sports equipments. 2) group G-2: Storage occupancies with low hazard: Such as

9.10.1.1.2. Manufacturing of carbonated beverages, ice, gypsum, bricks, concrete, glass products, mineral casting, manufacturing and assembly of minerals, small workshops such as electronics repair workshops, plumbing, welding, mechanical lathe, water pumping stations.

9.10.1.1.2. Special storage occupancies: This includes storage operation of ordinary low hazard which is carried out inside special building and is only suitable for limited storage operations. Such occupancies shall include small number of employees and labors, the bigger section of area shall be occupied with huge machines and equipments such as factories of steel iron and power generating stations.

171

9.10.1..1.3. Storage establishment in open air: These are the establishments were storage operations are made in the open air such as some chemical establishments and petrol refining stations.

9.10.1.2 Application: A) The provisions stated in this section shall be applied to ordinary storage occupancies and special storage occupancies.

b) High hazard storage occupancies are excluded from the provisions of this chapter as they are subject the provisions stated in 9-12.

c) If the storage establishment is in the open air, it shall be built and provided with safety and fire prevention requirements as per accepted engineering ethics, reference shall be made to the approved specifications if any. They will be exempted from the portions as stated in this section.

d) Storage buildings opened from two sides as per the definition stated in 1-2 shall be exempted from provisions stated in this section, related to water sprinklers, rubber hoses and alarm systems, such buildings shall also be exempted from the conditions related to constructional structure, if they are made of non burnable materials.

9-10-1-3-: Mixed occupancies: If there are other occupancies mixed with storage occupancies in the same building it shall be subjected to the provisions stated in 4-5, in addition to the present provisions: 9-10-1-4: Arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: a) There shall be possibility for the civil defense machines to arrive and in addition to the provisions of chapter (3) b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-10-1-5: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) The types of permitted constructions in storage buildings are determined in accordance with table 9-10-1. c) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others passage shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in Chapter: 6. 9-10-2: Means of egress 9-10-2-1 General a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions.

172

9-10-2-2: Occupancy load: Occupancy load in storage buildings shall be determined on the basis of persons probable to be present; however it shall not be less than one person for each 9. 5 M2, of the total area of the plot. 9-10-2-3 Components of means of egress: The Doors, ordinary and slopping Stairs, stairs protected from smoke,

horizontal exits, ramps, corridors, and temporary refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions.

9-10-2-4 No of means of exits: a) there shall be not less than two separate exits for each floor, section or area there shall be possibility to arrive directly to at least one exit in the same floor without any need to move to another floor b) It may be enough to keep one mean of egress for any floor, section or area, provided that the traveling distance to reach the exit shall not exceed 15 M (30 Meters if the building is protected with sprinklers). c) The means of egress allocated for the floors or areas which occupancy load exceeds 500 shall not be less than the minimum required in 5-4.

9-10-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.) b) The maximum limits permitted for dead ends and obligatory routes of movements stated in table 5-2 shall be observed. c) When the places of storage operation is not fixed, a matter which may cause the corridors to be not clear, the reflective paint shall be used to draw the corridors and production operation areas, storage areas and others. 9-10-2-6: Traveling Distance: The traveling distance from any point upto the nearest exit, exit shall not exceed the following:

• ordinary storage occupancies : 60 M (75 Meters when the building is protected with sprinklers )

• Special storage occupancies: 90 M (120 Meters when the building is protected with sprinklers).

9-10-2-7: Discharge of exits:

173

Discharge of exit shall be made in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9 in addition to the preset conditions. 9-10- 2-8: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present provisions. B) The corridor shall be wide enough to include the expected occupancy load, and it shall not be less than 110 CM. 9-10-3

Protection:

9-10-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: a) All vertical spaces such as stair case, balconies, elevator pit, and others shall be protected by fire resisting barriers as per the portions stated in 6-3-10. b) special storage occupancies shall be excluded from the conditions of this article when the existence of non protected vertical spaces is necessary to carry out the storage required operations, provided that a direct chance of egress or more shall be provided from each floor, and shall lead to one stair or more separated from the other part of the building within barriers which fire resistant rate as per the provisions stated in 5-1-4

9-10-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-10-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Offices and warehouses, hazardous areas, high hazard occupancies

shall be separated from each other and from storage operation areas with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour ( 45 minutes for doors) as per the provision stated in 6-3 in addition to the provisions of this section.

b) Mezzanine may not be severalty from the other areas necessary to complete the storages operations.

9-10-3-4 Protection from hazards:

a) All hazards areas shall be separated from each other and from storage operation areas with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour

9-10-3-5 Interior finishes:

174

a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs of exits of storage buildings shall be as follows: c) The interior finishes of the flooring of exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-10-4: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-10-4-1: protection by water sprinklers Ordinary storage occupancies building with ordinary hazard (group- 1) shall be protected with water sprinklers for the spaces which fire sector area exceeds 2000 M2. For the multiple storey buildings and 3000 M2 for the buildings consisted one floor. 9-10 -4-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-10-2. 9-10.4-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-10-3. 9-10-5: Operation and follow up: 9-10-5-1: Emergency Plan In the cases decided by the civil defense, an emergency plan shall be made to the est. in coordination with the civil defense. All the employees shall be informed of the plan and to be followed up during emergency. 9-10-5-2: Preliminary fighting equipment: All employees of storage building shall be trained to use preliminary fighting equipment in the building. Table: (9-10-1) Type of constructions permitted in storage buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111) Permitted Permitted Permitted, NO

175

Only one floor

Permitted,

Second (000)

Not permitted

Permitted. Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000M2 for group- G-1 or 2000 M2 for group G-2.

Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted

Not permitted

Table: 9-10-2: Fire Fighting and alarm equipments in Storage Buildings:

Type Required cases 9) Manual Extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All floors 10) fixed fixtures

Rubber hose network - group G -1, buildings (except the buildings

176

consisting of one floor, to the area less than 800 M2) and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building is less than 1000 M2. Group G 2, buildings (except the buildings consisting of one floor, to the area less than 2000 M2) and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building is less than 3000 M2. Buildings which are opened from both sides are exempted from this provision.

Dry riser net work As per 8-3-1 Wet riser net work As per 8-4-1. External riser net work Big Storage Complexes, Group – G1 only. 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system All closed areas (except the buildings

consisting of one floor, when the area of a single fire sector doesn’t exceed 600 M2 and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building is less than 1000 M2, fire detector can be dispensed in the places protected by sprinklers.

Table: (9-10-3): Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in Storage buildings:

Type Required cases

Ventilation system Group (G-1) if the fire sector is exceeds 2000 M2 as per the approved specifications.

Lighted guidance signs Means of egress except storage areas in open air.

Emergency lighting network All floors and places, except special storage occupancies and storage buildings opened from sides and storage buildings in open air.

Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters

177

5 & 6.

9-11: Group: H Storage Occupancies:

9-11-1-: General 9-11-1-1: Definition of Storage occupancies:

1) Storage occupancies: This is the buildings used for store and keep commodities, products

goods, cars or animals. they are divided into following groups: ( taking in considerations the provisions of article 9-11-1-3)

Group H-1: Storage occupancy of ordinary hazard Buildings on which ordinary hazard contents are stored such as bags, clothes, papers, jute, bamboo baskets, belts made of clothes and leather, books, shoes, cartons, garments, ropes, furniture, fur, leather, glue, gum,,

178

livestock yard, used furniture warehouses, cars repairing workshops, lubricants with 93 Deg C. or more degrees warehouses, closed parking areas, silk, soap, sugar, tobacco and cigarettes, upholstery furniture, brushes, candles. 2) Group H-2: Storage occupancy with low hazard

Buildings in which low hazard contents are stored (such contents may be put inside carton boxes or hold on wooden pallets, but plastic packing materials must be very limited and shall not exceed thin plastic tissues or plastic handles), such as juice and beverages, cement packed in bags, chokes, cheese and milk products, dry batteries, electric coils, electric angles, food products, non flammable containers including foodstuff, fresh vegetables and fruits packed in boxes or non plastic containers, frozen foodstuff, glass, empty glass bottles, non glass bottles filled with non flammable liquids, gypsum boards, meat, metal safes, minerals, mirrors, empty metal can, electric transformers including filled with oil, parking areas, opened from both sides, porcelain, electrical washing machines.

. 9.11.1.2 Application:

A) The provisions stated in this section shall be applied to main storage occupancies.

b) When there is storage occupancies not expressly listed in 9-11-1-1, it shall be classified by applying the same basis stated in 9-11-1-1 after considering the nature of the stored materials, packing materials, degree of hazard and other factors.

c) when the storage occupancy buildings or part there of are used for canning, labeling, sorting out, treatment or other operations which require occupancy load exceeding which is expected for storage occupancy it shall be classified in the basis of industrial occupancies ( Group-G) and the provisions stated in the section 9-10 shall be applied

d) If there secondary storage occupancies within buildings which include

other non storage main occupancy, such building shall be classified on the basis on the main occupancies.

9-11-1-3-: High Hazard Storage Occupancies: High hazard storage occupancies shall be excluded from the provisions of this section as there are subjected to the provisions stated in 9-12. 9-11-1-4: open storage buildings:

179

Storage buildings opened from sides shall be excluded as per the definition stated in 1-2 from all the provisions stated in this section regarding protection by water sprinklers, rubber hoses and alarm systems. Such buildings shall also be excluded from the provisions related to constructional structure if they are made of non burnable materials. 9-11-1-5: Mixed occupancies: If there are other occupancies mixed with storage occupancies in the same building it shall be subjected to the provisions stated in 4-5, in addition to the present provisions: 9-11-1-6: Arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: a) There shall be possibility for the civil defense machines to arrive and in addition to the provisions of chapter (3). b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-11-1-7: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) The types of permitted constructions in storage buildings are determined in accordance with table 9-11-1. c) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others passage shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in Chapter: 6. 9-11-2: Means of egress 9-11-2-1 General The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-11-2-2: Occupancy load: Occupancy load in storage buildings shall be determined on the basis on maximum number of persons probable to be present; however it shall not be less than one person for each 28 M2, of the total area of the plot as to ordinary storage occupancies and one person for each 18.5 M2 as to car parking. 9-11-2-3 Components of means of egress: The Doors, ordinary and slopping Stairs, stairs protected from smoke,

horizontal exits, ramps, corridors, and temporary refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions.

9-11-2-4 No of means of egress: a) There shall be not less than two separate exits for each floor, section or

180

area. b) It may be enough to keep one mean of egress for any floor, section or area, in the following cases: * occupancies of group H – 2: * Occupancies of group H-1 provided that the traveling distance to reach the exit shall not exceed 15M, (30 Meters if the building is fully protected with sprinklers). c) Means of egress allocated for floors or areas which occupancy load exceeds 500 shall not be less than the minimum require in 5-4.

9-11-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the conditions stated in (5-5.) b) The maximum limits permitted for dead ends and obligatory routes of movements stated in table 5-2 shall be observed. c) When the places of storage operation is not fixed, a matter which may cause the corridors to be not clear, the reflective paint shall be used to draw the corridors. 9-11-2-6: Traveling Distance: The traveling distance from any point upto the nearest exit, exit shall not exceed the figures stated in table 5-2: 9-11-2-7: Discharge of exits: Discharge of exit may make in accordance with the conditions stated in 5-9 in addition to the preset conditions. 9-11- 2-8: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present provisions. B) The corridor shall be wide enough to include the expected occupancy load, and it shall not be less than 90 CM. 9-1-3

Protection:

181

9-11-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: All vertical spaces such as stair case, balconies, elevator pit, and others shall be protected as per the provisions stated in 6-3-10; the building open from sides, mezzanine and other vertical spaces which join between only two floors shall be excluded in accordance with article 6-3-10-4.

9-11-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. Protection from external spreading of fire shall be made in accordance with the provisions stated in 6-3-5.

9-11-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Offices, industrial operation areas, hazardous areas, high hazard

occupancies shall be separated from each other and from storage areas with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour (45 minutes for doors) as per the provision stated in 6-3 in addition to the provisions of this section.

b) Non harmony materials shall be separated from each other by allocating special storage place for each material separately or being stored special metal safes, in accordance with approved specifications.

9-11-3-4 Protection from hazards:

a) All hazards areas shall be separated from the other part of the building with barriers which fire resistant rate shall not be less than one hour

9-11-3-5 Interior finishes: a) The conditions stated in 6-6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions or conditions. b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs of exits of storage buildings shall be as follows: From category A or B as to exits and corridors and from category A, b or C as to storage areas.

9-11-4: Special conditions related to car parking: 9-11-4-1: Application: The following additional provision shall be applied to car parking buildings whether they are open from sides or closed, whether they are above or underground. The provisions previously stated in this section shall also be applied for car parking when they don’t contradict with these additional conditions.

182

9-11-4-2: mixed occupancies: a) when car repairing is carried out along with car parking and in the same area, the provisions stated in 9-10, related to industrial occupancies shall be applied, however, if the parking area is separated form the repairing area with barrier which fire resistance rate is not less than one hour, each area shall be considered as a separate part. b) Appropriate and sufficient means of egress shall be provided for cars repair area as per the provisions of section 9-10. 9-11-4-3: Parking areas open from sides: This the establishment used to park or store cars, which shall include the following: 1) openings, regularly distributed on the external walls from at least two sides and on an extension which is not less than 40 % of the perimeter of the building. 2) The total area of such opening in each floor shall not be less than 20% of the total area, of the external walls of the floor. 3) The walls and internal partitions shall also have openings with not less than 20%, and such opening shall be distributed in a way which facilitates the natural ventilation process. 9-11-4-4: classification of occupancy: When there are secondary car parking located within other main occupancies, classification shall be made on the basis of main occupancies. 9-11-4-5: Means of egress a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accordance with the provisions previous stated in 9-11-2 in addition to the present provisions. b) Cars passage gates may be used from and to the building as exits in the ground floor, provided that it shall be left open without any installing door or gate thereon. c) Car passage rams may be used as alternative for one of the means of egress in the open car parking, provided that another mean of egress is available and ramps shall lead to the outside directly and shall not be closed with gates. d) as to the car parking which extends to one floor under the ground, a car passage ramp may be used as an alterative to one of the means of egress, provided that another mean of egress shall at least be provided and the ramp shall directly lead to outside and shall not be closed by gates. 9-11-4-6: Ventilation and discharge of smoke: Natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided for the car parking at the rate of changing air shall not be less than 6 times / one hour. 9-11-5: Fire Protection equipment and machines: 9-11-5-1: Protection by water sprinklers:

183

a) Ordinary hazard storage occupancy buildings group - H-1, and also closed parking areas shall be protected with water sprinklers, when the fire sector area exceeds 2000 M2, for multiple storey buildings and 3000 m2 for the one floor building. b) Buildings open from sides, and parking areas open from sides in addition to group H-2 shall be excluded from sprinklers provision. 9-11-5-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-11-2. 9-11-5-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-11-3. 9-11-6: Operation and follow up: All employees of storage building shall be trained to use preliminary fire fighting equipment available in the building. Table: (9-11-1) Type of constructions permitted in storage buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Permitted Only one floor

Permitted Permitted,

Not Permitted,

Second (000)

Not permitted

Permitted. Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 1000M2 for group- H-1 or 2000 M2 for group H-2

Not permitted

Third (211) Fourth (2kk) Fifth (111)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 800M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Third (200)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

Fifth (000)

Not permitted Permitted, the area of the floor shall not exceed 400M2.

Not permitted Not permitted

184

Table: 9-11-2: Fire Fighting and alarm equipments in Storage Buildings:

Type Required cases 1)Manual Extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All floors 2)fixed fixtures

Rubber hose network - group H -1, buildings and car parking (except the buildings consisting of one floor, to the area less than 800 M2) and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building is less than 1000 M2. Group H-2, buildings (except the buildings consisting of one floor, to the area less than 2000 M2) and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building is less than 3000 M2. Buildings which are opened from both sides are exempted from this provision.

Dry riser net work As per 8-3-1 Wet riser net work As per 8-4-1. External riser net work Big Storage Complexes, Group – H1 only. 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system All closed areas (except the buildings consisting of

one floor, when the area of a single fire sector doesn’t exceed 600 M2 and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building does not exceed 1200 M2, and the open parking, fire detector can be dispensed in the places protected by sprinklers.

Table: (9-11-3): Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in Storage buildings: Type Required cases Ventilation system Group (H-1) if the fire sector is exceeds 2000 M2 as per

the approved specifications + closed parking areas. Lighted guidance signs Means of egress Emergency lighting network All floors and places, except open l storage buildings, all

car parking. Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters 5 & 6.

185

9-12: Group -I High Hazard Occupancies

9-12-1-: General 9-12-1-1: Definitions High Hazard occupancies: High hazard occupancies are the buildings or establishments which include main occupancies allocated for manufacturing, production, generation, usage or storage of hazardous material in big quantities such as explosives, oxidized materials, burnable or fast burning gases liquids warehouse and factories, warehouses and stores of hazardous materials in big quantities, burnable dust, burnable fibers, fast burning solid material, radiation materials, poisonous materials, chemicals treatment and manufacturing, alcoholic materials distillation, fodder plants, mills and seeds mills , paint and varnish factory, treatment of rubber and plastic, spray painting, treatment of paper wastes establishments, rubber tires stored in big quantities, Establishment in open air: These are the establishments where industrial and storage process are carried out in open air such as chemical est. and petroleum refinery stations 9-12-1-2-: a) The provisions of this section shall be applied to the buildings which include high hazard main occupancies. b) The following cases shall be excluded from the provisions of this section, as they may be classified within the nearest occupancy group under which it may be listed after taking the necessary preventive measurements. 1) High hazard secondary occupancies located within other occupancies 2) All buildings and establishment which include limited quantities of hazard material as permitted by the approved specifications. 3) Any building in which the number of rubber tires stored doesn’t exceed 10000 tyres; the weight of each tyre doesn’t exceed 11 kg, provided that the building shall be fully protected by water sprinklers. 4) Places where fast burning liquids are stored within vessels, the capacity of each shall not exceed 3.8 liters for retail sale or personal use, the quantity shall not exceed 82 liter/ M2 of the area of the place. 5) The outlets of retail selling of paints and dyes, provided that the quantity shall not exceed 82/liter /M2 of the area of the outlet 6) Closed systems which include fast burning or burnable liquids or gases, which are used to operate machines and equipments.

186

7) cleaning companies where burnable liquids with fire point equal to 60 Deg C, are used inside closed systems, provided that the place shall be separated from the other parts of the building which elements which fire resistance rate is not less than 1 hour. 8) Other cleaning companies in which liquids with not less than 93 Deg C burning points are used. 9) Cooling systems: 10) Fixed batteries used to provide buildings with reserve power, provided that the necessary ventilation for the batteries’ room shall be provided. 11) Corrosive materials, as stimulants and sensitive materials located inside their original boxes and which are used for retail sale or for household uses. 12) Buildings allocated for manufacturing or storing of aerosols and such occupancy shall be classified on the basis of G-1 or H-1 as per the type of use. c) As to the establishment in open air, it shall be built and provided by requirements of safety and prevention from fire as per the admitted engineering usage and when there is an approved specification it shall be referred, they are exempted from the provisions stated in these sections. d) Buildings open from sides shall be excluded as per the definition stated in 1-2, from all provisions stated in this section as regarding protection by water sprinklers, rubber hoses and alarm systems. These buildings shall also be excluded from the provisions related to constructional structure if they are made of non burnable materials. 9-12-1-3: Necessary information: Detailed charts shall be provided of all high hazard main occupancies for review and approval that shall include the presumed locations for high hazard contents in addition to production process which will take place later. Likewise a detailed report shall be submitted regarding all hazardous materials which will be used, treated or stored and the hazards related thereto in addition to the means of protection from those hazards. 9-12-1-4: General requirements: a) Hazardous material which is not in harmony with each other shall not be stored together, special warehouses shall be allocated for each material or it shall be placed inside special steel safes. b) Burnable packing materials and other materials shall be minimized to the maximum inside high hazard occupancies. c) Hazardous materials shall be transferred, dealt with and stored as per the specs approved for each material separately.

187

d) As to radiation materials and explosives, reference shall be made to the provisions related thereto which are issued by the directorate general of civil defense. e) Smoking shall be prohibited inside high hazard occupancies. f) Equipment which emerges heat shall not be used inside high hazard occupancies unless necessary due to the nature of production process and after taking the necessary preventive measurements and obtaining the approval of civil defense. g) Electrical connections and equipments shall be of a type which doesn’t emerge sparks and the electrical connection shall be within the protection pipes and the necessary earthing point shall be provided in addition to electrical connection between metal pieces if necessary. 9-12-1-5: mixed occupancies: If there are other main occupancies mixed with high hazard occupancies in the same building, the provision stated in 4-5- shall be applied in addition the present provisions. 9-12-1-6: Arrival of civil defense machineries and equipment: a) There shall be possibility for civil defense machineries and equipment to arrive to all high hazard occupancy places, as per the provisions stated in chapter 3 in addition to the present provisions. b) There shall be parking allocated for civil defense machines and equipments in accordance with provisions of chapter: 3. 9-12-1-7: Constructional requirements: a) The provisions of the chapter 6 shall be applied in addition to the present provisions. b) Openings of pipes, carriers, a/c ducts and others passage shall be protected within the fire resisting barriers as per the provisions stated in Chapter: 6. C) Types of permitted constructions in industrial building shall be determined by reference to table 9-12-1, the following shall be considered. 1) Occupancies which include explosive materials shall not be placed in building which height exceeds one floor; such buildings shall be made of non burnable materials. 2) Occupancies which include explosive materials or fast burning materials or other materials which include explosion risks or high risks of fire shall not be located in underground buildings. 9-12-2: Means of egress 9-12-2-1 General a) The general conditions of means of egress shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of chapter: 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-12-2-2: Occupancy Load:

188

Occupancy of load shall be determine on the basis of maximum number of persons probable to be present that shall not be less than one person for each 9.5 M2 in manufacturing places and 28 M2 in storage places. 9-12-2-3: Components of means of egress: The Doors, ordinary and slopping Stairs, stairs protected from smoke, horizontal exits, ramps, corridors, and temporary refuge areas to be used as means of egress, as per the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions. 9-12-2-4: Number of Means of Egress: a) There shall be not less than two separate exits for each floor, section or area. There shall be possibility to arrive directly to at least on exit in the same floor, without a need to move to another floor. b) It may be enough to keep one mean of egress for any floor, section or area, in the following cases: 1) The number of floors shall not exceed one 2) The total occupancy load shall not exceed 5 3) The maximum traveling distance shall not exceed 10 Meters. c) Means of egress allocated for floors or areas which occupancy load exceeds 500 shall not be less than the minimum require in 5-4. 9-12-2-5: Arrangements of means of egress: a) Means of egress shall be arranged as per the provisions stated in 5-5 b) There shall not be dead ends or obligatory routes in high hazard occupancies.. C), the reflective paint shall be used in drawing the corridors, production process areas, storage areas and others. 9-12-2-6: Traveling Distance: The traveling distance from any point upto the nearest exit, exit shall not exceed 23 meters. 9-12-2-7: Discharge of exits: All exits shall directly lead to outside the building. 9-11- 2-8: Capacity of means of egress: A) Capacity of means of egress is estimated in accordance with the provisions stated in 5-3-4 in addition to the present provisions. B) The corridor shall be wide enough to include the expected occupancy load, and it shall not be less than 110 CM.

189

9-12-3

Protection: a) All vertical spaces such as staircase, elevator pit, balconies and others shall be protected as per the provision stated in 6-3-10.

b) Vertical spaces may be left without restriction, if they are not used as exits and they join between two neighboring floors only, in a way that it will penetrate the roof tiling of one only.

c) An exclusion for this provisions shall also be the cases where the non protected vertical spaces are necessary to carry out the required industrial operations, provided that they shall be a direct chance of egress or more from each floor and shall lead to one stair or more which is separated from other part of the building with barrier which fire resistance rate shall be as per the provision stated in 5-1-4.

9-12-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire: Protection from external spread of fire shall be as per the provision stated in 6-3-5.

9-12-3-3

Division into fire sectors: a) Offices and warehouses shall be separated from each other with barriers and from industrial operation places with fire resisting barriers in accordance with article 6-3 in addition to the provisions of the present section. b) Mezzanine and other places necessary to complete industrial operations may be left without serration.

9-12-3-4 Interior finishes:

a) The provisions stated in 6-6 shall be applied and in addition to the present provisions.

b) The interior finishes of walls and roofs of high hazard occupancies shall be as follows: from category A or B as to exits and corridors and from category a, b or c as to other places.

c) The interior finishes of the flooring of the exits and corridors shall be from category 1 or 2.

9-12-4: Fire Protection equipment and machines: 9-12-4-1: Protection by sprinklers and others: a) High hazard occupancies whether for storage or for production shall be protected with water sprinklers, when the fire sector area exceeds 1000 M2, for multiple storey buildings or 3000 m2 for the one floor building.

190

B) When protection with sprinklers is useless or not in conformity, other alternative protection systems suitable for the type of hazard shall be used such as ventilation to discharge explodable dust and powders and gases, likewise ventilation to discharge the explosion and other appropriate preventive measurements shall be used and reference shall be made one of the approved specifications. 9-12-4-2: Other fire fighting and alarm equipment: Fire fighting and alarm equipment shall be provided as per table 9-12-2. 9-12-4-3 Engineering Services: A) Preventive measurement shall be provided in the engineering services field in accordance with the provision of chapter: 7. b) The engineering services related to prevention of fire shall be provided in accordance with table: 9-12-3. 9-12-5: Operation and follow up: 9-12-5-1: emergency plan: An emergency plan shall be made to the establishment in coordination with the civil defense. All employees shall be informed of the plan and trained on the measurements to be followed during emergency. 9-12-5-2: Preliminary fighting equipment: All employees of high hazard buildings shall be trained to use preliminary fire fighting equipment available in the building. Table: (9-12-1) Type of constructions permitted in high hazard buildings:

Floor Upper Grounds

Type of constructional structure

Under ground Ground 1 2 or more

First (443) First (332) Second (222)

Permitted, article 9-12-1-7 shall be considered.

Permitted Permitted Permitted

Second (111)

Permitted One floor and article 9-12-1-7 shall be considered.

Permitted Permitted, the floor area shall not exceed 2000 M2.

Not Permitted,

Second (000)

Not permitted

Permitted, the floor area shall not exceed 1000 M2.

Permitted, the floor area shall not exceed 1000 M2.

Not permitted

Other types: Not permitted

191

Table: 9-12-2: Fire Fighting and alarm equipments in High Hazard

Buildings:

Type Required cases 1)Manual Extinguishing equipment

Manual extinguishers All floors 2)fixed fixtures

Rubber hose network - All floors (except the buildings consisting of one floor, to the area less than 800 M2) and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building is less than 1000 M2. And except the cases where water is not allowed to be used for fire fighting.

Dry riser net work As per 8-3-1 Wet riser net work As per 8-4-1. External riser net work Big Complexes 3) Fire Alarm equipment Automatic and manual alarm system

All floors (except the buildings consisting of one floor, when the area of a single fire sector doesn’t exceed 1000 M2 and multiple storey buildings if the total area of the building does not exceed 1500 M2.

Table: (9-12-3): Engineering Services Related to Fire Prevention in High Hazard buildings:

Type Required cases Ventilation system If the area of the fire sector exceeds 1000 M2 as

per the approved specifications + article 9-12-4-1 shall be considered.

Lighted guidance signs Means of egress Emergency lighting network All floors and places, except open buildings and

establishment in open air. Reserve electricity source High rise buildings Fire elevator High rise buildings Fire resistant doors In accordance with this section and chapters 5 & 6.

192

Chapter : 10

Index – Special Building:

193

10-1: Underground Buildings

10-1-1 Application 193 10-1-2 Definitions 193 10-1-2-1 Underground building 193 10-1-2-2 Entry opening 193 10-1-3 Special requirements 193 10-1-4 Exits 193 10-1-5 Smoke discharge system 193 10-2 High rise building 194 10-2-1 General 194 10-2-1-1 Application 194 10-2-1-2 Safety employees 194 10-2-2 Fire fighting 194 10-2-3 Fire detection and alarm 194 10-2-4 Ventilation and control of smoke 195 10-2-5 Elevators 195 10-2-6 Reserve source of power 195 10-2-7 Main control room 196

10 – 1: Underground Building:

194

10-1-1 Application

These provisions shall be applied to all underground buildings and the provision stated in Chapter: 9 as per the type of occupancy in addition to the requirements of amendments and additions to this section.

10-1-2 Definitions:

10-1-2-1 Underground building Any floor, building, or part thereof which flooring lays under the level of pavement, excluding the cases where the floor, on the limits of two external walls at least is provided with one entry opening on each 15 longitude meters, provided that the area of the entry opening shall not be less than 1.9 M2 and all the openings shall lay above the pavement level.

10-1-2-2 Entry opening: Any window, door or any similar opening which achieve the following: * its measurements shall not be less than 60 x 60 cm, and shall open in full so that it can be used for ventilation and rescue. * The side of the opening shall not exceed 170 cm as to the height, measured from the flooring. * It can be opened from inside and outside.

10-1-3 Special requirements a) If the occupancy load of any underground part of the building exceeds 50 persons, the underground part shall be protected with sprinklers. b) Emergency lighting shall be installed for all underground floors.

10-1-4 Exits; if the occupancy load of the underground part exceed 100 and the number of underground floors equal to 2 or more, the following shall be provided: a) The exits of the underground part shall be separated from the ground floor in accordance with article 5-1-4. B) These exits shall be provided with ventilation for smoke (mechanical or natural) or by pressure system.

10-1-5 Smoke discharge system: The underground floor shall be provided with an approved system to discharge the smoke if the following conditions are found together: 1) occupancy load of underground parts is not less than 100 2) The number of underground floors equal to two or more. 3) Contents of underground floor are burnable.

10-2 High Rise Buildings:

195

10-2-1 General 10-2-1-1 Application

a) The provisions of this section shall be applied to all buildings stated in chapter (9) which include floors occupied with persons, its height exceeds 28 meters above the pavement, and the provisions of chapter (9) shall be applied as per the occupancy type in addition to the equipment of amendments and additions stated in this section.

b) The following building and establishments shall be excluded from the provisions of this section.

1) control towers in airports, 2) open parking 3) assembly occupancies in open air, group A-5, 4) Transmission and electrical towers, 5) Mosques’ minarets

10-2-1-2 Safety employees:

One or more safety employee shall be allocated for each high building as per the discretion of civil defense to supervise safety measurements, fire protection and vacation; he shall be provided with the necessary training.

10-2-2 Fire fighting: a) High building shall be protected with sprinklers on the basis of full coverage, except residential flats buildings (group-D-2). Each floor shall be provided with sprinklers’ control spigot, control by electricity and connected to the alarm panel, in addition to floor switch also connected with the alarm panel. B) All high buildings shall be provided with current fire risers network, the dia of each riser shall be 2 and half inch.

10-2-3 Fire detection and alarm: a) Manual and automatic alarm system shall be installed in all floors of high rise building. b) If there is possibility to connect with civil defense, the main alarm panel shall be connected with the nearest civil defense center. c) Audio communication system shall be installed to be connected with the main alarm panel and control room, shall cover all floors in addition to elevators, in order to be used on emergencies by safety employees in the building and also by the civil defense individuals. d) The alarm system shall be connected with other engineering services such as ventilation system, elevators, and fire fighting equipment and others, in accordance with the provisions of civil defense.

196

10-2-4 Ventilation and control of smoke

a) All egress stairs shall be protected from smoke as per the provisions stated in 5-2-3. b) All floors shall be provided with means of ventilation and discharge of smoke, through ventilation windows or by using mechanical ventilation system. c) when the windows are used for ventilation it shall fulfill the following : 1) shall be distributed regularly in the external walls of each floor 2) Its area shall not be less than 1% of the area of external walls of each floor. 3) Shall be openable from inside without using any special tools. 4) Shall be designed in a way which doesn’t constitute any hazard to the persons present outside the building when it’s open during fire. d) if a mechanical ventilation system is used, such system may be separate or may be part of ventilation and a/c system in the building, however in all cases the system shall fulfill the following: 1- be sufficient to change air from any floor or areas at the rate of 6 times/hour 2- Shall be provided with reserve power source in addition to the main source. 3- shall be connected with the alarm system

10-2-5 Elevators: a) Elevators shall be in accordance with the provisions of civil defense in general and shall be subjected to periodical inspect and maintenance. b) At least one elevator shall be provided to civil defense individuals and shall be in accordance with one of the approved specs in this regard.

10-2-6 Reserve source of power: a) A reserve source of power shall be provided and shall be in

accordance with the provided specifications, its capacity shall be sufficient for the functioning of all required equipments, at the same time and for at least for two hours. It shall be connected with the control room.

b) If the reserve source of power is a generator, the generator room shall be separated with barriers which fire resistant rate is not less than 2 hours.

c) The reserve power source shall be connected with all of the following:

1) Emergency lighting system and guidance signals. 2) Fire elevator 3) Alarm system and audio communications 4) Electrical fire pumps

197

5) Equipment and systems of ventilation and discharge of smoke.

6) Main control room and its equipments including lighting equipment and other equipment

10-2-7 Main control room: a) There shall be a main control room, its location shall be

determined in agreement with civil defense. b) The main control room shall include the following:

1) main alarm panel and main communication panel 2) elevators control panel 3) control panel of sprinklers spigots and floor switches 4) Control panel of reserve power source. 5) Control panel of stairs’ doors, if the doors are electrically connected. 6) fire pumps control panel 7) Control panel of smoke and pressure systems.

198

Chapter: 11 - Index:

Safety Measurements from fire in construction sites building demolition and tents sites.

Subject Page No. 11-1 Temporary buildings for offices and labor accommodation 197 11-1-1 Application 197 11-1-2 General requirements 197 11-1-3 Protection from external spreading of fire 197 11-1-4 Means of egress 198 11-1-5 Constructional structure 198 11-1-6 Protection from hazard 198 11-1-7 Engineering services 198 11-1-8 Fire alarm and fighting equipment 199 11-1-9 Operation and follow up 199 11-2 Under construction buildings 200 11-2-1 Application 200 11-2-2 General requirements 200 11-2-3 Organization of the site 200 11-2-4 Electrical connections 201 11-2-5 Fire fighting and alarm equipment 201 11-2-6 Operation and follow up 201 11-3 Provision of safety from fire during demolition of building 202 11-3-1 General requirements 202 11-3-2 Demolition by explosives 202 11-4 Safety provisions from fire in tents 203 11-4-1 Application 203 11-4-2 General requirements 203 11-4-3 Means of egress 204

199

Chapter: 11 - Index:

Safety Measurements from fire in construction sites building demolition and tents sites.

11-1: Temporary buildings for offices and labor accommodation:

11-1-1 Application The provisions of this section shall be applied to temporary buildings in construction and building sites (whether pre-fab or installed in the site) for special uses such as temporary offices and temporary labor accommodation.

200

11-1-2 General requirements: a) Construction building sites shall be arranged, including temporary buildings to provide the possibility of arrival of civil defense equipments and machines to all the buildings and establishments as per the chapter of chapter 3. b) A chart of the temporary buildings shall be submitted and the neighboring roads and streets services shall be shown. C) A telephone line shall be allocated for emergency. d). the buildings’ area shall not exceed 200 M2, unless it is divided into fire sectors the area of each of them shall not exceed 200 M2, the sector shall be separated from each other with non burnable barriers with fire resistance rate not less than one hour. e) The residential units shall be separated from each other and from the other parts of the building with barriers which fire resistance rate shall not be less than half hour. f) The ground floor shall be separated from fire floor by roof tiling which fire resistance rate shall not be less than half an hour. g) The temporary buildings stated in this section shall not be used for storage purposes.

11-1-3 Protection from external spreading of fire: a) to limit external spreading of fire, sufficient distance shall be provided between the buildings or they shall be separated with walls which are fire resisting as per the provisions stated in 6-3-5, however the temporary buildings shall be separated from each other and moreover separated from other buildings, such as warehouse, workshop and under construction buildings, in all cases the distance separating between the temporary buildings stated in this section and between hazardous areas shall not be less than 6 meters. b) An area free of wastes, grass and burnable materials shall be maintained along at least 3 meters around all directions surrounding temporary buildings.

11-1-4 Means of egress: a) At least one main door shall be provided for each residential unit and shall directly lead to outside, shall be easily opened from inside without a need to use keys, b) Likewise, one external window shall be provided as per the provision stated in 5-2-9-4, for each bedroom and each living room in any residential unit consisting of two rooms or more. The window shall open from inside without a need to use keys. The window can be dispensed if there is at least one door leading directly to outside in the room. c) the traveling distance from any point until reaching the public road outside the building shall not exceed the following:

201

* 15 meters when there is one mean of egress * 30 meters when there are two means of egress separated from each other.

11-1-5 Constructional structure: a) the number of floors shall not exceed 2 b) Any type of construction types stated in table 6-1 may be used for temporary offices buildings and temporary residential buildings.

11-1-6 Protection from hazard: a) A separate building shall be allocated for the kitchen, if any and shall be at a distance not less than 6 meters as to all buildings and shall be finishes from inside with non burnable materials. b) Gas cylinders, if any, shall be placed outside the kitchen in the open air and shall be surrounded with steel grills with closed doors so that nobody can play with it. c) Equipment which emerge heat such as Owens, boilers and similar equipment shall not be used inside residential units or inside offices. d) Temporary building shall be made far from other sources of heat and welding.

11-1-7 Engineering services: a) All electrical connections shall be connected inside

protection pipes and the specifications and instructions of ministry of electricity shall be observed, appropriate earthing points, automatic electrical partitions shall be provided and electrical loads shall be distributed on circuit breakers. Circuit breakers shall be put within steel box in a place which can be easily reached, at least one breaker shall be allocated for each residential unit and office and a separate circuit breaker shall be provided for each a/c unit.

b) Other engineering services shall be provided as per the provisions stated in chapter (7):

11-1-8 Fire alarm and fighting equipment: a) when there are interior corridors joining between several bed room in the same residential unit, to the extend that the occupancy load of a signal residential unit exceeds 30 persons, smoke detectors shall be installed in all these corridors and shall be joined with the public alarm system of the site. B) All buildings shall be provided with manual existinguishers in accordance with article 8-2.

202

Rubber hoses net work shall be provided for big complexes in accordance with article 8-6. A mean shall be provided to alarm employees incase of fire and that shall be in the form of whistle, bell or any other suitable mean.

11-1-9

Operation and follow up: a) All the labors shall be trained to use the preliminary fighting equipment available at the site. b) warning and guidance boards shall be hanged in the project’s site and inside the temporary buildings to show the following: 1) No cooking and other cooking Owens shall not be used in addition to the other equipment which emerge heat inside temporary buildings. 2) no smoking inside the bedrooms 3) preventive measurements to be followed in limiting fire risks or hazards 4) The safety measurement to be applied incase of fire.

11-2 Under construction buildings:

11-2-1 Application: The provisions of this section shall be applied to the under construction buildings and the building attached to it, located in the site which are necessary to complete building constructions.

11-2-2 General requirements a) the project’s site shall be organized, including all temporary buildings, warehouse, workshops, and under construction buildings so that the civil defense machines and equipments shall arrive to all parts of buildings under constructions as per the provision of chapter : 3 b) A plan shall be made for protection from fire in big projects and a chart shall be provided for the permanent and temporary building sites, neighboring roads and streets and services shall be shown. c) A telephone line shall be allocated for emergency. d) Sufficient and reasonable means of egress shall be provided for all under construction buildings and temporary buildings in all times. Means of egress may be consisting of elements such as doors, corridors, stairs, ramps, ladders and other approved means which are stated in chapter : 5. e) All works related to storage, trading, transfer of hazardous materials such as fast burning liquids and gases and others shall be made in accordance with the approved specifications in addition to the civil defense instructions. f) industrial operations such as welding, electrical cutting and other hazardous operation shall be made in accordance with the approved specs

203

in addition to civil defense instructions, so that it shall not constitute big hazards and shall be made in the places allocated for that purpose, if it is required that such operations shall be made inside under construction building, a special approval shall be obtained.

11-2-3 Organization of the site: a) Roads and corridors shall be provided for civil defense machines and equipments arrival, before commencement of execution of the project and shall be in accordance with chapter 3. b) At least one clear stairs shall be provided in all times, and shall rise with the height of the building, during construction. c) special palaces shall be provided for storage and others for workshops, maintenance and other operations, however special buildings for this operation shall be made of non burnable materials and shall be separated from each other as per the provisions stated in 6-3-5; d) Hazardous areas shall be separated from other buildings by leaving a distance as per the provisions stated in 6-3-5, in all cases the distance separating between hazardous areas in another buildings shall not be less than 6 meters. e) the site shall be cleaned continuously and there shall be control on accumulation of wastes, and woods and other burnable materials, and all the roads and corridors shall be maintained clear in all times. f) burnable wastes shall be get rid off when they are in big quantities which may constitute hazard, by being transferred to a safe place inside the project or totally transported outside the project. g) Temporary buildings used for labor accommodation and offices shall be subjected to the provision stated in section 11-1. h) Labor accommodating is prohibited inside under construction buildings. i) Barriers shall be made for protection from falling down around all diggings, balconies, vertical spaces and other places which are exposed to falling hazard.

11-2-4 Electrical connections: All electrical equipment shall be protected from shocks and others and the specifications and instructions of the ministry of electricity shall be observed regarding temporary electrical connections, earthing point shall be provided and automatic electrical breakers, moreover, the distribution of electrical loads on breakers shall be observed.

11-2-5 Fire fighting and alarm equipment: a) All buildings shall be provided with manual sprinklers in accordance with the provisions stated in 8-2. b) Water tank or permanent water source shall be allocated to for fire fighting in big complexes.

204

c) in buildings where dry or current riser network is required, the rising pipe and risers shall be installed simultaneously with the building execution stages, so that the rising pipe shall rise with the building height, at least one riser shall be provided fro each floor and instead of that a temporary rising pipe may be installed with the necessary riser. d) There shall be a mean to alarm employees in case of fire and that shall be in the form of whistle, bell or any other appropriate mean.

11-2-6

Operation and follow Up: a) All employees shall be trained on how to use the preliminary fighting equipment available at the site. b) warning and guidance board related to safety from fire shall be hanged at the project site and inside all temporary buildings to show the following: Preventive fire measurements to be followed to limit the fire, including preventive measurements related to hazards material and operations. 2) safety measurements to be followed in case of fire

11-3 Provisions of safety from fire during demolition of building:

11-3-1 General requirements : a) Means of egress located in the demolition site shall be maintained clear and appropriate during demolition and appropriate warning sign shall be put. b) Permanent security shall be provided after official working hours and the watchman shall be given the necessary guidance regarding measurements of protection from fire and regarding preliminary fire fighting equipment available in the site. c) A telephone line shall be provided to contact civil defense incase of emergency. d) The building shall be surrounded by non burnable material or slow burning. e) Necessary preventive provisions shall be followed when executing hazardous operations such as welding and cutting. f) Fixed fire fighting equipment shall be kept for the longest possible time and shall be removed from each floor separately, in accordance with the demolition process progress. g) A special pipe shall be made outside the building to transfer waste and wrecks from the upper floors. Likewise burnable wastes and materials shall be cleared from the site before it accumulates in big quantities and shall not be burned inside the site.

11-3-2

Demolition by explosives: a) When explosives are used in demolition, the approval of the related bodies in the ministry of interior, including civil defense shall be

205

obtained. b) Necessary measurements shall be taken to forbid pedestrians, cars and others from coming near the explosion area. c) the site shall be provided with not less than 2 rubber hoses as per the provision stated in 8-6, before commencement of explosion, the hoses shall be long enough to reach to any fire which may take place in the site after the explosion immediately.

11-4 Safety provisions from fire in tents:

11-4-1 Application: The provisions of this section shall be applied to temporary tents of all types, sizes and uses.

11-4-2 General requirements: a) The tent shall be elastic enough so that it will fulfill the required safety conditions for its occupants. b) tents shall not be used for storage purpose c) Equipment which emerge heat such as Owen, boilers, cookers and similar equipment shall not be used inside tents. d) Inside cooling, if any, shall be made by putting the air treatment unit outside the tents and the tent shall be provided with air through cooling duct which shall not be less than 1.5 meters from the a/c machine upto the tent. e) Electrical lamps of the internal lighting shall be far from the tent’s clothing, not less than 50 cm far. F) Electrical connections shall be inside the protection pipes in addition to that an automatic electrical breaker shall be provided and the electrical load distribution on automatic breakers shall be observed. g) As to a/c systems, each a/c units shall be provided with an automatic electrical breaker separate to it. h)internal decoration and ornament clothing shall be treated with chocking materials i) Cloths and materials from which the tents are made shall be flaming resistance and shall be in accordance with that the approved specs in this regard. j) Sufficient number of reasonable manual fire extinguishers shall be provided and with the required capacity. k) One or more safety supervisor shall be provided with the body in charge of installing the tents, to follow up emergency case and shall be acquainted with the use of fire extinguishers and other emergency measurements and shall have a mean of direct contact with civil defense in emergencies or when consultancy is required. l) There shall be a distance separating between the tents not less than 4 m,

206

and the same distance shall be left between the tents and the neighboring buildings. m) A distance free of waste, grasses and burnable materials shall be kept along at least three meters around all directions, surrounding the tent. n) The structure of the tent shall be solid and the tent shall be fixed in an appropriate form so that it will resist destruction including destruction due to wind loads and other expected loads. o) The electricity current shall not be connected to tents of any type and size, unless and until the approval of the civil defense is obtained.

11-4-3 Means of egress a) Sufficient and reasonable means of egress shall be provided, as to

number, capacity, arrangements, width of corridors and others, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 5 in addition to the present provisions.

b) If the occupancy load exceeds 50 persons, the provisions of article 9-1-2 shall be observed in addition to provision of emergency lighting.

c) At least two separate means of egress shall be provided, apart from each other and shall lead directly to outside, for each tent, the door shall easily be opened from inside without a need to use keys.

d) The traveling distance from any point until reaching the public road outside the tent shall not exceed 30 meters.

e) As to parties and restaurants’ tents, chairs and tables lines shall be arranged in a way which will enable the occupants of the tents to exit fastly and easily in emergency cases.

f) Means of egress shall be provided with reasonable and lighted guidance signs which shall be placed at the exit’s doors and also in the paths leading to the exit, shall be continually lighted in all times when the tent is occupied by persons.

207

������������ �������������� �������������� �������������� ��

������������������������������������������������������������������������

1-1 General 1-2 Definitions 2-1 General 2-1-1 Aim 2-1-3 Application 2-2 Change of occupation 2-3 Competent Authority 2-4 Amendment 2-5 Inspection & Maintenance 2-6 Minimum required on buildings and establishments 2-7 Other Precaution 3-1 General Requirements: 3-2 Design of Streets and Roads: 3-3 Approaching Distance 4-1 Classification as per contents’ hazard. 4-1-1- General 4-1-2 Contents’ hazard: 4-1-2-1 Low hazard: 4-1-2-2 Ordinary hazard: 4-1-2-3 High hazard: 4-2 Group B: Educational occupancy: 4-2-1 Group C: punitive occupancy and care occupancy: 4-2-2 Group B: Educational occupancy: 4-2-3 Group C: punitive occupancy and care occupancy: 4-2-4 Group: D Residential occupancy 4-2-5 Group: E: Administrative and professional occupancy: 4-2-6 Group: F: commercial occupancy: 4-2-7 Group: G: industrial occupancy: 4-2-8 Group: H: Storage occupancy:

208

4-2-9 Group: I: High hazard occupancy: -a- 4-3 Other buildings: 4-4 Change of occupancy type: 4-5 Separation between combined occupancies: 4-5-1 -- 4-5-2 --

5-1 General 5-1-1 Definition 5-1-2 Application in all buildings and establishments. 5-1-3 Separation of means of egress: 5-1-4 Exits: 5-1-4-1 Corridors: 5-1-4-2 Interior finish of exits: 5-1-5 Net height of means of egress: 5-1-6 Main components of means of egress:

5-2 Doors : 5-2-1-1 General: 5-2-1-2 Special arrangements: 5-2-1-3 Automatic doors: 5-2-1-4 Revolving doors: 5-2-1-5 Self closing tools (springs). 5-2-2 Stairs: 5-2-2-1 Measurements: 5-2-2-2 Stairs stretch: 5-2-2-3 Slopping stairs: 5-2-2-4 Spiral stairs: 5-2-2-5 Discontinuous of a stair: 5-2-2-6 Building Condition: 5-2-2-7 Guidance signs: 5-2-2-8 Protection from fire and smoke: 5-2-3 Stairs protected from smoke: 5-2-3-1 Definition: 5-2-3-2 Protected Stairs Access: 5-2-3-3 Ventilation:

209

5-2-3-4 Stairs protected from smoke: 5-2-4 Definition: 5-2-5 Bridges, Balconies and outside Windows: 5-2-6 Ramps 5-2-7 Exit Paths: 5-2-8 Escalating stairs and corridors: 5-2-9 Special methods of egress: 5-2-9-1 General: 5-2-9-2 Vertical Fixed Stairs: 5-2-9-3 Sloping fixed stairs: 5-2-9-4 Automatic emergency stairs 5-2-9-5 Rescue and Ventilation Windows:

5-3 Means of egress capacity: 5-3-1 General 5-3-2 Definitions 5-3-3 Occupancy Load: 5-3-4 Assessment of means of egress capacity : 5-4: Number of means of egress: 5-5 Arrangement of means of egress: 5-6 Dead End: 5-7 Common path of travel: 5-8 Movement Distance: 5-9 Exit Discharge (Ultimate Exit) 5-10: Handrails and Guards: 5-11 Directive signs of means of egress: 5-12 Emergency lighting:

6-1 General Requirements 6-1-1 -- 6-1-2: -- 6-1-3 -- 6-2: Constructional classification, constructional structure. 6-2-1: Classification: 6-2-1-1: first type: fire resistance and non burnable 6-2-1-2: type 2: non burnable: 6-2-1-4: type 4: Heavy wood: 6-2-1-5: wooden frames:

210

6-2-2: division to subsidiary types: 6-2-3: Internal Partitions: 6-2-4: Materials’ test: 6-2-5: Test Conditions: 6-2-6: Protection of Steel Constructional structure elements: 6-3: Divisions into fire sectors: 6-3-1: -- 6-3-2: --- 6-3-3: Fire fighting barriers: 6-3-3-1: -- 6-3-3-2: -- 6-3-3-3: Protection of openings within fire resistant barriers: 6-3-4: Separation of fire sectors on external facades: 6-3-5: Protection from outside spread of fire between buildings: 6-3-5-1 General: 6-3-5-2: Openings: 6-3-5-3: Protection of external wall openings: 6-3-6 Fire Resisting Doors and Windows: 6-3-6-1 General : 6-3-6-2 Resistance Rate 6-3-6-3 Visibility openings 6-3-7 Filling spaces 6-3-8 Protection of A/C ducts passage openings 6-3-9 Protection of pipes passage openings and others 6-3-10 Protection of vertical spaces 6-3-10-1 General 6-3-10-2 Non Continuous spaces 6-3-10-3 Resistance Rate 6-3-10-4 Exclusion 6-3-10-5 Moveable Stairs and Corridors 6-3-10-6 The space connecting between three floors or less. 6-3-10-7 Medium space joining between more than three floors 6-3-10-8 Invisible spaces

6-4 Smoking Barriers 6-4-1 General 6-4-2 Doors and Windows 6-4-3 Smoke Choking

211

6-4-4 Pipes, cables, electrical carriers, air ducts and other similar elements 6-5 Protection from hazards 6-5-1 General 6-5-2 Protection from explosions 6-5-3 Flammable liquids and Gases 6-6 Interior finishes 6-6-1 General 6-6-2 Classification of interior finishes of walls and roofs 6-6-3 Classification of interior finishes of flooring 6-6-4 Use of Interior finish 6-6-5 Special Materials 6-6-5-1 Use of textile in interior finishes 6-6-5-2 Porous or foaming plastic materials 6-6-5-3 Use of extended fenil to cover walls and roofs: 6-6-6 Paints which slow down fire: 6-6-7 Role of Risers: 6-6-8 Paints and wall papers: 6-7 Furniture and decoration 6-8: Protection of burnable insulators 7-1 Central A/C: 7-2 Electrical Fixtures:: 7-3 Collection of Waste 7-4 Chimneys: 7-5 Ventilation and smoke exhaustion: 7-5-1 General:: 7-5-1-1 Ventilation for persons’ safety: 7-5-1-2 Ventilation to control fire and to drive out steam, gases and powders. 7-5-2 Specifications of ventilation: 7-5-3 Smoke curtains: 7-6 Moveable stairs: 7-7 Liquid fuel: 7-8 Storage of liquid fuel:

7-8-1 General: 7-8-2 Storage inside the building: 7-8-3 Storage outside the building above ground: 7-8-4 Storage underground:

212

7-8-5 Manufacturing of tank: 7-9 Liquid fuel ignition tools: 7-9-1 General: 7-9-2 Pipes and connections: 7-9-3 Burner and Control Tools 7-9-3-1 General requirements: 7-9-3-2 Control Tools: 7-9-3-3 Burner Room: 7-9-4 Ventilation and gases discharge: 7-9-5 Fire fighting equipment : 7-10 Kitchen equipment:

Fire Fighting Equipments and Alarm 8-1 General 8-1-1: Types of fire fighting equipments 8-1-1-1: Portable manual equipments “first aid” 8-1-1-3 Fixed manual equipments 8-5-1-2-1 Hose reel

8-5-1-2-2 CO2 fire fighting devices of hoses 8-5-1-2-3 Dry riser 8-5-1-2-4 Risers for pushing the foam 8-5-1-2-5 Wet risers 8-5-1-2-6 Fire hydrants 8-5-1-3 Automatic fixed fire fighting equipments

8-5-1-3-1 Automatic sprinkler system 8-5-1-3-2 Automatic CO2 system 8-5-1-3-3 Automatic chemical powder system 8-5-1-3-4 Automatic foams system

8-6 Portable fire extinguishers 8-2-1 General 8-2-2 Types of extinguishers 8-2-2-1 Water extinguishers 8-2-2-2 Foam extinguishers 8-2-2-3 CO2 extinguishers 8-2-2-4 Dry powder extinguishers 8-2-3 Types of fires and selecting suitable extinguishers 8-2-3-1 Fires of type (a) 8-2-3-2 Fires of type (b)

213

8-2-3-3 Fires of type (c) 8-2-3-4 Fires of type (d) 8-2-4 Distribution of extinguishers 8-7 Dry riser system 8-7-1 General 8-7-2 Dry riser constituents 8-3-2-1: Rising vertical pipe

8-7-2-2 Point of projection 8-7-2-3 Risers

8-8 Wet Riser System 8-8-1 General 8-8-2 Water sources 8-8-3 The pumps 8-8-4 System specifications 8-4-5 External fire hydrants 8-5- General 8-5-5 The network 8-5-6 Water sources 8-5-7 The pumps 8-5-8 8-5-5- Pressure 8-7-6 : Risers 8-5-6-1 : Definitions 8-5-6-2: Vertical “above the ground” risers 8-5-6-3 Under ground risers 8-8 : Hose reel 8-6-1 : General 8-6-2: Net work (pipes & joints) 8-6-3 8-6-4: Hose and its connections 8-6-5 Water sources 8-9 Fire alarm systems 8-7-1 Manual fire alarm systems 8-7-2 Automatic alarm systems 8-7-3 General requirements 9-1: (Group A) Assembling Occupancy: 9-1-1: General

214

9-1-1-1: Definitions: 9-1-1-2: Multiple Occupancy: 9-1-1-3: Arrival of civil defense machines and equipments: 9-1-1-4: Contents’ hazard degree: 9-1-1-5: Constructional Requirements: 9-1-2: Means of Egress: 9-1-2-1: Occupancy loads: 9-1-2-2: Means of Egress Capacity: 9-1-2-3: Movement distance: 9-1-2-4: Exit Discharge: 9-1-2-6: Components of means of egress: 9-1-2-7: No of exits: 9-1-2-8: Arrangements of means of egress: 9-1-2-8-1: Arrangements of seats: 9-1-2-8-1-1: Fixed seats: 9-1-2-8-1-2: Luxury Seats: 9-1-2-8-1-3: Stair corridor: 9-1-2-8-2: Assembling occupants in open air and which is surrounded by fences: 9-1-2-9: Protection from falling down barriers: 9-1-2-9-1: General 9-1-2-9-2: 9-1-2-9-3: Barriers on horizontal corridors: 9-1-2-9-4: Barriers on the sides and backside of the seat: 9-1-2-9-5: Places excluded from barriers condition: 9-1-3: Protection: 9-1-3-1: Protection of vertical spaces: 9-1-3-2: Protection from outside fire spreading: 9-1-3-3: Division into fire sectors: 9-1-3-4: Protection from hazards: 9-1-3-4-1: Protection of special services room: 9-1-3-4-2: Protection of other places: 9-1-3-5: Interior Finishes: 9-1-4: Special measurements: 9-1-4-1: Review of lives’ safety: 9-1-4-2: Stages and platforms: 9-1-4-2-1: Building of a platform: 9-1-4-2-2: Building of a Stage: 9-1-4-2-3: Attached Rooms:

215

9-1-4-2-4: Ventilation: 9-1-4-2-5: Separation of the stage from public’s area: 9-1-4-2-6: Spreading of flames: 9-1-4-2-7: Protection of a stage with sprinklers 9-1-4-3: Cartoons films show rooms: 9.1.4.4.: Extra ordinary amusement building: 9-1-4-5: Additional measurements related to exhibitions: 9-1- 4-5-1: Goods’ display rooms: 9-1-5: Fire fighting equipments and machines: 9-1-5-1: Protection by water sprinklers: 9-1-5-2: Other alarm and fire fighting equipment 9-1-6: Operation and follows up: 9-1-6-1: Cooking Equipment: 9-1-6-2: Furniture and decoration: 9-1-6-3: Crowd Management: 9-1-6-4: Mock drill vacation process: 9-1-6-5: Smoking: 9-1-6-6: Seats 9-2 Group (B) 9-2-1: General 9-2-1-1: Definition of educational occupancies 9-2-1-2: Other Establishments: 9-2-1-3: Mixed occupancy: 9-2-1-4: Assembling occupancies: 9-2-1-5 Arrival of Civil defense machines and equipments: 9-2-1-6: contents’ hazard degree: 9-2-1-7: constructional requirements: 9-2-2: means of egress 9-2-2-1: general 9-2-2-2: occupancy load: 9-2-2-3: components of means of egress 9-2-2-4: no of exits 9-2-2-5: arrangements of means of egress: 9-2-2-5-1: General 9-2-2-5-2: Interior corridors: 9-2-2-5-3: Corridors inside classes: 9-2-2-6: travel distance: 9-2-2-7: discharge of exit

216

9-2-2-8: rescue and ventilation windows: 9-2-2-9: Capacity of means of egress: 9-2-3 Protection: 9-2-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces: 9-2-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire. 9-2-3-3 Division into fire sectors: 9-2-3-4 Protection from hazards: 9-2-3-5 Kitchen Equipment: 9-2-3-6 Stages: 9-2-3-7 Interior finishes 9-2-4- Fire fighting equipment and machines: 9-2-4-1 Requirements of water sprinklers: 9-2-4-2 Other Fire fighting and alarm equipment: 9-2-4-3 Engineering services: 9-2-5 Operation and follow up: 9-2-5-1 Vacation of exercises: 9-2-5-2 Daily inspection: 9-2-5-3

Furniture and decoration:

9-3: Reformatory and Punitive occupancy: 9-3-1 General 9-3-1-1 Definition 9-3-1-2 Application: 9-3-1-3 Mix occupancies: 9-3-1-4 Comprehensive Protection: 9-3-1-5 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipments:

9-3-1-6 Degree of contents’ hazard: 9-3-1-7 Classification of reformatory and punitive

occupancies as per conditions of use.

9-3-1-8 9-3-1-9

Alternative solutions for smoke sectors:

217

Doors Horizontal exits and places of temporary refuge:

Number of exits: Arrangement of means of egress: Traveling distance: Discharge of exit: Capacity of means of egress:

9-3-2-3 9.3.2.3.1 9-3-2-3-2 9-3-2-4 9-3-2-5 9-3-2-6 9-3-2-7 9-3-2-8 9-3-3 Protection

9-3-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-3-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-3-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-3-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-3-3-5 Interior finishes 9-3-3-6 Division into smoke sectors 9-3-4 Alarm & Fire fighting equipments and

machines

9-3-4-1 Detection, alarm and communications systems

9-3-4-1-1 General 9-3-4-1-2 Dweller’s alarm 9-3-4-1-3 Fire detection machines 9-3-4-2 Protection with water sprinklers 9-3-4-3 Manual extinguishers 9-3-4-4 Rubber hoses 9-3-4-5 Wet risers net work 9-3-4-6 Engineering services 9-3-5 Operation and follow up 9-3-5-1 Security individuals 9-3-5-2 Emergency plan & mock exercises 9-3-5-3 Books and clothes 9-3-5-4 Heat emerging equipment 9-3-5-5 Furniture, furnishing and decoration 9-3-5-6

Keys

9-4 Care occupancies 9-4-1 General

218

9-4-1-1 Definition 9-4-1-2 Mix occupancies 9-4-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipments

9-4-1-4 Contents’ hazard degree 9-4-1-5 Constructional requirements 9-4-1-6 Comprehensive protection 9-4-2 Means of egress 9-4-2-1 -- 9-4-2-2 Occupancy loading 9-4-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-4-2-3-1 Doors 9-4-2-3-2 Horizontal exits and temporary refuge area 9-4-2-3-3 Corridors 9-4-2-3-4 External windows 9-4-2-4 Nos of exits 9-4-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-4-2-6 Traveling Distance 9-4-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-4-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 9-4-3 Protection 9-4-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-4-3-2 Protection for external spreading of fire 9-4-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-4-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-4-3-4-1 General 9-4-3-4-2 Laboratories 9-4-3-4-3 Anesthesia areas 9-4-3-4-4 Medical gas 9-4-3-4-5 Gifts selling shop 9-4-3-4-6 Commercial kitchens 9-4-3-4-7 Helicopter pad 9-4-3-5 Interior finishes 9-4-3-6 Division into smoke sectors 9-4-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 9-4-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 9-4-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipments 9-4-4-3 Engineering services

219

9-4-5 Operation and follow up 9-4-5-1 Emergency plan and mock exercises 9-4-5-2 Measures to be taken during fire 9-4-5-3 Maintenances of the exits 9-4-5-4 Smoking 9-4-5-5 Furniture and decorations 9-5 Hotels and sleeping areas occupancies. 9-5-1-1 Definition 9-5-1-2 Mixed occupancies 9-5-1-3 Arrival of Civil defense machines &

equipments

9-5-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 9-5-1-5

Constructional requirements

9-5-2 Means of egress 9-5-2-1 General 9-5-2-2 Occupancy load 9-5-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-5-2-4 No of exits 9-5-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-5-2-6 Traveling distance 9-5-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-5-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 9-5-3 Protection 9-5-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-5-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-5-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-5-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-5-3-5 Interior finishes 9-5-3-6 Furniture and decorations 9-5-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 9-5-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 9-5-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 9-5-4-3 Engineering services 9-5-5 Operation and follow up 9-5-5-1 Emergency planning and mock exercises 9-5-5-2 Measures to be applied during fire

220

9-5-5-3

Safety instructions

9-6 Residential flat occupants: 9-6-1 General 9-6-1-1 Residential flat occupants 9-6-1-2 Mix occupants 9-6-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipments

9-6-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 9-6-1-5

Constructional requirements

9-6-2 Means of egress 9-6-2-1 General 9-6-2-2 Occupancy load 9-6-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-6-2-4 No of exits 9-6-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-6-2-6 Traveling distance 9-6-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-6-2-8

Capacity of means of egress

9-6-3 Protection 9-6-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-6-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-6-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-6-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-6-3-5 Interior finishes 9-6-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 9-6-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 9-6-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 9-6-4-3 Engineering services 9-6-5

Emergency instructions for the residents

9-7 Single Family Two Family building 9-7-1 General 9-7-1-1 Application 9-7-1-2 Mixed occupancies 9-7-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and

221

equipments 9-7-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 9-7-1-5 Constructional requirements 9-7-2 Means of egress 9-7-2-1 General 9-7-2-2 No and type of means of egress 9-7-2-2-1 Main mean of egress 9-7-2-2-2 Secondary mean of egress 9-7-2-3 Arrangements of means of egress 9-7-3 Protection 9-7-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-7-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-7-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-7-3-4 Interior finishes 9-7-3-5

Protection from fire

9-8 Administrative and Professional occupancies 9-8-1 General 9-8-1-1 Definition of administrative and Professional

occupancies

9-8-1-2 Mixed occupancies 9-8-1-3 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipments

9-8-1-4 Contents’ degree of hazard 9-8-1-5 Constructional requirements 9-8-2 Means of egress 9-8-2-1 General 9-8-2-2 Occupancy load 9-8-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-8-2-4 No of exits 9-8-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-8-2-6 Traveling distance 9-8-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-8-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 9-8-3 Protection 9-8-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-8-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-8-3-3 Division into fire sectors

222

9-8-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-8-3-5 Interior finishes 9-8-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines 9-8-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 9-8-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 9-8-4-3 Engineering services 9-8-5 Emergency instructions for the residents 9-8-5-1 Mock vacation exercises 9-8-5-2 Preliminary fighting equipment

9-9 Commercial Occupancies 9-9-1 General 9-9-1-1 Definition of commercial occupancies 9-9-1-2 Mixed occupancies 9-9-1-3 Classification of commercial occupancies 9-9-1-4 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipments

9-9-1-5 Contents’ degree of hazard 9-9-1-6

Constructional requirements

9-9-2 Means of egress 9-9-2-1 General 9-9-2-2 Occupancy load 9-9-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-9-2-4 No of exits 9-9-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-9-2-6 Discharge of exits 9-9-2-7

Capacity of means of egress

9-9-3 Protection 9-9-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-9-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-9-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-9-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-9-3-5 Interior finishes 9-9-4 Special arrangements 9-9-4-1 Commercial operation in open air 9-9-4-2 Covered mall buildings

223

9-9-4-2-1 Means of egress from shopping malls 9-9-4-2-2 Details of means of egress 9-9-5 Fire fighting equipments and machines 9-9-5-1 Requirements of protection by water

sprinklers

9-9-5-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipments 9-9-5-3 Engineering services 9-9-6 Operation and follow up

9-10 Storage occupancies 9-10-1 General 9-10-1-1 Ordinary storage occupancies 9-10-1-1-1 Storage occupancy with low hazard 9-10-1-1-2 Special storage occupancies 9-10-1-1-3 Storage establishment in open air 9-10-1-2 Application 9-10-1-3 Mixed occupancies 9-10-1-4 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipment

9-10-1-5 Constructional requirements 9-10-2 Means of egress 9-10-2-1 General 9-10-2-2 Occupancy load 9-10-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-10-2-4 No of means of egress 9-10-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-10-2-6 Traveling distance 9-10-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-10-2-8

Capacity of means of egress

9-10-3 Protection 9-10-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-10-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-10-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-10-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-10-3-5 Interior finishes

9-10-4 Fire fighting equipments and machines

224

9-10-4-1 Protection by water sprinklers 9-10-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 9-10-4-3

Engineering services

9-10-5 Operation and follow up 9-10-5-1 Emergency plan 9-10-5-2 Preliminary fighting equipments 9-11 Storage occupancies 9-11-1 General 9-11-1-1 Definition of storage occupancies 9-11-1-2 Application 9-11-1-3 High Hazard Storage occupancies 9-11-1-4 Open storage buildings 9-11-1-5 Mixed occupancies 9-11-1-6 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipments

9-11-1-7 Constructional requirements 9-11-2 Means of egress 9-11-2-1 General 9-11-2-2 Occupancy load 9-11-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-11-2-4 No of means of egress 9-11-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-11-2-6 Traveling distance 9-11-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-11-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 9-11-3 Protection 9-11-3-1 Protection of vertical spaces 9-11-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-11-3-3 Divisions into fire sectors 9-11-3-4 Protection from hazards 9-11-3-5 Interior finishes 9-11-4 Special conditions related to car parking 9-11-4-1 Application 9-11-4-2 Mixed occupants 9-11-4-3 Parking areas open for 9-11-4-4 Classification of occupancy 9-11-4-5 Means of egress

225

9-11-4-6 Ventilation and discharge of smoke 9-11-5 Fire protection equipment and machines 9-11-5-1 Protection by water sprinklers 9-11-5-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 9-11-5-3 Engineering services 9-11-6 Operation and follow up 9-12 High hazard occupancies 9-12-1 General 9-12-1-1 Definitions 9-12-1-2 -- 9-12-1-3 Necessary information 9-12-1-4 General requirements 9-12-1-5 Mixed occupancies 9-12-1-6 Arrival of civil defense machines and

equipment

9-12-1-7 Constructional requirements 9-12-2 Means of egress 9-12-2-1 General 9-12-2-2 Occupancy load 9-12-2-3 Components of means of egress 9-12-2-4 Number of means of egress 9-12-2-5 Arrangements of means of egress 9-12-2-6 Traveling distance 9-12-2-7 Discharge of exits 9-12-2-8 Capacity of means of egress 9-12-3-1 Protection 9-12-3-2 Protection from external spreading of fire 9-12-3-3 Division into fire sectors 9-12-3-4 Interior finishes 9-12-4 Fire protection equipment and machines 9-12-4-1 Protection by sprinklers and other 9-12-4-2 Other fire fighting and alarm equipment 9-12-4-3 Engineering services 9-12-5 Operation and follow up 9-12-5-1 Emergency plan 9-12-5-2 Preliminary fighting equipment

226

10-1 Underground Building. 10-1-1 Application 10-1-2 Definitions 10-1-2-1 Underground building 10-1-2-2 Entry opening 10-1-3 Special requirements 10-1-4 Exits 10-1-5 Smoke discharge system 10-2 High rise building 10-2-1 General 10-2-1-1 Application 10-2-1-2 Safety employees 10-2-2 Fire fighting 10-2-3 Fire detection and alarm 10-2-4 Ventilation and control of smoke 10-2-5 Elevators 10-2-6 Reserve source of power 10-2-7 Main control room 11-1 Temporary buildings for offices and labor accommodation 11-1-1 Application 11-1-2 General requirements 11-1-3 Protection from external spreading of fire 11-1-4 Means of egress 11-1-5 Constructional structure 11-1-6 Protection from hazard 11-1-7 Engineering services 11-1-8 Fire alarm and fighting equipment

227

11-1-9 Operation and follow up 11-2 Under construction buildings 11-2-1 Application 11-2-2 General requirements 11-2-3 Organization of the site 11-2-4 Electrical connections 11-2-5 Fire fighting and alarm equipment 11-2-6 Operation and follow up 11-3 Provision of safety from fire during demolition of building 11-3-1 General requirements 11-3-2 Demolition by explosives 11-4 Safety provisions from fire in tents 11-4-1 Application 11-4-2 General requirements 11-4-3 Means of egress

228

������������ ������

� ������� �������

����������������! ��"�!

�� ����

��� ��#������������

�#�$������

���!�����

229

������������ ������������������ ������������������ ������������������ ������

� ������� �������� ������� �������� ������� �������� ������� �������

����������������������������������! ��"����������! ��"����������! ��"����������! ��"�!�� �����!�� �����!�� �����!�� ����

��"�!$����������

�� �����$�������

�"�����%&&'

��� ��#������������

�#�$������

���!�����

230

INDEX DESCRIPTIONS PAGE NO.

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL DEFINITIONS:

1

CHAPTER TWO GENERAL CONDITIONS:

6

CHAPTER THREE CONDITIONS RELATED TO SITE ORGANIZATION:

9

CHAPTER FOUR CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AND ESTABLISHMENT AS PER CONTENTS’ HAZARDS AND TYPE OF OCCUPANCY

12

CHAPTER FIVE MEANS OF EGRESS

18

CHAPTER SIX PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENTS FROM CONSTRUCTION FIELD

43

CHAPTER SEVEN ENGINEERING SERVICES IN THE BUILDINGS:

62

CHAPTER EIGHT FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS AND ALARM

73

CHAPTER NINE SPECIAL CONDITIONS AS PER OCCUPANCY TYPE:

86

CHAPTER TEN SPECIAL BUILDING:

193

CHAPTER ELEVEN SAFETY MEASUREMENTS FROM FIRE IN CONSTRUCTION SITES BUILDING DEMOLITION AND TENTS.

198

231

������������ �������������� �������������� �������������� ��

������������������������������������������������������������������������

Subject Page No

1-1 General 1

1-2 Definitions 1