A Study on Progress of Citizen’s Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal

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Journal of Computer Applications (JCA)

ISSN: 0974-1925, Volume V, Issue 3, 2012

93

A Study on Progress of Citizens Centric

E-Governance services in West BengalDr. Manas Kumar

Sanyal

a,*, Sudhangsu Das

b,1, Sajal Bhadra

c,2

Abstract - Government services in electronic format areimproving service delivery more effective, transparent

and faster. Adopting of e-Governance is helping to reach

out all the government services at door step anywhere

and anytime to all the stake holders. In this journey,

Government of West Bengal (GoWB) doesnt much more

behind from other states in India, trying to roll out all

government services through e-Governance service, also

trying to achieve international level in term of e-

Governance service delivery quality. In direction of

Government of India, GoWB has implemented a number

of remarkable e-Governance projects to establish fast,

flawless and real time connection across all the villages,

Cities, Blocks, and District head quarters. Stratified

sampling techniques have been used for collecting data

from different stakeholders in selected district in West

Bengal to cover most of project those are serving mostly

common citizens demand. Authors have tried to quantify

the progress and to figure out the road map of e-

Governance projects in West Bengal.

Index Terms E-GOVERNANCE, WBSDC, KMC, E-Kolkata,CSC, Telemedicine, WBSWAN, E-District, ICT, NEGP

I. INTRODUCTIONIn the fast globalizing world economy of today, governments

the world over are recognizing the importance of Information

and Communications Technology (ICT) in development. An

increasing number of Electronic Government (e-

Government) initiatives are being employed to improve the

delivery of public services to the people, and to tap the

potential synergy from the interaction between new

technologies, an educated population and an enabling

environment for the attainment of knowledge-based

economies [1].

Manuscript received 10/Sept/2012.

Manuscript selected 18/Sept/2012.

Dr.Manas Kumar Sanyal, Head & Assistant Professor, Department ofBusiness Administration, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India,

E-mail:[email protected].

Sudhnagsu Das, Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration,University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India,E-mail: [email protected].

Sajal Bhadra, Department of Business Administration, University of

Kalyani, West Bengal, India, E-mail: [email protected].

E-Governance is the application of electronic means to

improve the interaction between government and citizens;

and to increase the administrative effectiveness and

efficiency in the internal government operations.

The main e-Governance services is being classified into four

categories [2] as-

A. G to C Government to CitizenAdministration

Inter-government enterprise

Control, monitor and distributionB. G to B Government to BusinessTenders (e-tenders)

Contract Management

Tax

C. G to G Inter/Intra Govt. EmployeesRegistration/Land/Revenue Services

Hospital Services

Agricultural services

D. G to E Government to EmployeePolicy Enforcement

Standards

Accountability

This study is being discussed in context of GoWB e

Governance projects. According to Information Technology

Policy in the year 2003, GoWB is also started to implement

e-Governance service in all government sector for efficiency,

transparency and speeding up the work [3]. Already GoWB

implemented some e-governance services for all category of

citizens like- Child: Birth Certificate, Health Care

Student: School Admission, Scholarships, e-learning,

Examination result.

Youth: Employment services, Vehicle registration, drivers

license, passport/visa

Family: Agriculture, Land record, property registration,

Marriage certificate, Taxes, Utility services, municipalityservices.

Old age: Pension, insurance, health care, death certificate.

GoWB also implementing some government services with

the help of GI under NeGP plan like CSC, West Bengal

State Wide Area Network (WBSWAN), West Bengal State

Data Centre (WBSDC), Agriculture Information System

Network (AGRISNET) etc [4, 5]. With the implementation

of various e-governance projects, GoWB also organized a

Workshop on e-Governance on 14th September 2005[6] to


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A Study on Progress of Citizens Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal

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take stock of the various e-Governance initiatives taken by

the selected departments and to motivate others to use the

technology for the service delivery to the citizens. Because

GoWB trust that any departments in isolation cannot make

visible effect on the service delivery until and unless the

efforts of the departments are coordinated and shared.

II. IMPORTANCEOF E-GOVERNANCE IN WESTBENGAL

The rise of the Internet and the rapid expansion of electronic

information present new challenges to GoWB to building a

citizen-centric, inclusive and information-driven welfare

Society which strives to make available all the services and

facilities offered by the Government with minimum

bureaucratic and procedural formalities. The main aim of the

E-Governance project is about to

Delivery government services to anytime, anywhere.

Provide government services in the form of electronic.

Transform the traditional government to good

government by making it accessible, transparent,

effective, responsive and accountable.

Building strong and effective information chain.

Fast and convenient service to citizens.

Participation in the world economy.

Effective utilization of resources.

Integration of communities.

Reduction in delays, Red tape and corruption.

III. LITERATURE REVIEWAccording to the World Bank (World Bank, 2005), e-

Government refers to the use by government agencies of

Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to

transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms

of government. On the other hand Carter and Belanger

(2005) states, the relationship of government with recipients

of its electronic services is characterized as; government to

citizen (G2C), government to business (G2B); government to

employees (G2E); government to government (G2G). In a

comprehensive review of the e-government studies within

above mentioned relationships, Titah and Barki (2006)

concluded that the most e-government studies fall under five

distinct categories that explore the influence of; a)

managerial practices, b) individual and organizational

characteristics, c) IT characteristics, d) measurement of e-

government, e) government subcultures; on e-government

adoption . The study by Mrinalini Shah (2007) highlights on

Indian e-Governance dream or reality and concluded that

most of the project meets the cataloguing and transaction

stage but still need to integrate vertically and horizontally.

Kalsi, Kiran & Vaidya(2009) is of the opinion that The

government in India has been continuously endeavouring to

provide citizen services in a better manner throughout the all

states to provide better governance. K. Bagga and Piyush

Gupta (2009) in their books identified four critical issue to

implement e-Governance services like 1)Building capacity

for implementation, 2)Management of the complete projectlife cycle, 3)Enterprise architecture model, integration and

interoperability,4)Socio-political implementation of e-

Governance.

The GoWB is fully committed to bridge the digital Divide in

the state to meet the citizen demand. As commitment, The

GoWB has developed citizen centric applications in major

departments. Some of the applications have been rolled out in

the State as pilot and some of them need funding for the

rollout. Some selective e-Governance project among them is

listed in Table I:

IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe present study is based on the analysis of both the primary as well as secondary data. A set of questionnaires and response

sheet has been used to collect primary data from the common people, availing e-Governance services. Same way data is being

collected from the government stuff, CSC operators and system administrator of e-Governance projects to analyze the qualitative

part of this study. Non-probability purposive sampling is used to find out the stake holder of the data collection. For the

secondary data we have reviewed lot of governments websites, published data and articles.


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V. GOWBE-GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES FOR COMMON CITIZENSTable I: e-Governance Projects in West Bengal and Deliverable Services with Progress

Name of theProject

Deliverable Service Progress

Computerization

of land records

(Land & Land

Reforms)

Electronic transformation of Land RegistrationInformation into Central Server.

Computerize digitization of Cadastral maps. The Block head quarters are dispensing computerized

record of rights to the land owners.

Land Acquisition Information System has been recentlydeveloped to ensure speedy disposal of land acquisition

cases.

Various reports relating to notification, declarations, landschedule, estimate preparation etc. speedily and

efficiently.

The land records and cadastral maps

have been computerized for all the

341 Blocks and 42309 mouzas of the

state. A Pilot Project has been taken

up in Hooghly district for online

mutation of the land records with

features like biometric features,

scanner and integration between

land records and cadastral maps.

WBSWAN An Optical Fiber Network that connects Kolkata to 19Districts to provides connectivity of Data, Voice & Video

Communication.

Network is established for 19districts through 341 Blocks, 62 subs

divisional Headquarters, 3354 Gram

Panchayats and 125 Municipalities.

WBSDC Provide Central Data Repository of the State, Secure Data

Storage, Disaster Recovery, Remote Management and

Service Integration.

GoWB Set up four storied building

with floor area of 5000 sq ft, in the

Webel Campus Salt Lake, Kolkata

Geographical

Information

System (GIS)for

Municipalities

Provides municipal governments with extraordinaryquantitative and qualitative benefits for revolutionizing the

government processes work.

A comprehensive municipal GIS should provide acommon platform for data collection, storage, authorized

and secure access to spatial data.

Municipal GIS will largely address the needs of variouslocal government departments.

Geographical Information System

(GIS) has been implemented in 10

Municipalities in the State. The

spatial data survey and

implementation of GIS for Pujali,

Kurseong, Budge Budge,

Kalimpong and Bidhan NagarMunicipalities have already been

complete.

E- District IT enabling of internal processes of District

Administration and its subordinate offices to increase

functional efficiency

Automation of workflow and internal processes of DistrictAdministration.

Seamless integration of various departments for providingservices to the citizens by integrating various District

databases. Providing efficient individual department

services through delivery channels like Common Service

Centers (CSCs).

To provide easy access to government services to commonpeople, especially the people belonging to Scheduled

Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women.

Creation of IT infrastructure for rolling out e-Governanceplan right up to Block levels.

Develop capacities of human resources of Government tooperate & maintain IT enabled systems and applications

with confidence and provide services to the people

effectively and efficiently.

Hon'ble Chief Minister of West

Bengal Shri Buddhadeb

Bhattacharjee inaugurated the e-

district project through video

conferencing from Writers' Building

with Jalpaiguri and Bankura districts

on 27th Sep, 2010[6].


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Panchayats &

Rural

Development

The Department has developed Integrated FundMonitoring & Accounting System (IFMAS) and rolling it

out in the Zilla Parishads & Panchayat Samities.

The Department has developed Gram PanchayatManagement System (GPMS) and GIS based

decentralized Information System and rolling out in the

PRIs. GPMS has been introduced in 45 GPs.

Integrated Panchyat Planning and Management System(IPPMS) is a pilot project to computerize 20 Panchayat

Samities for Integrated Fund Monitoring and Accounting

System softwares.

The DIT,GOI recommends in the National e-GovernancePlan to set up the Common Service Centres (CSCs) in the

premises of the Panchayat Samities and the Gram

Panchayats.

Grasso, the Gramin Sanchar Society, an NGO, has beenselected by the Dept of Panchayat & Rural Development

to share their valuable field level experience in

establishing the citizen centric Information Centres.

The Panchayats & Rural

Development Department's

providing Portal [7] for G2G and

G2C services including web based

reporting mechanism.

Integrated Panchyat Planning and

Management System (IPPMS) have

been implemented in Burdwan

district, 50 GPs for GPMS softwares

and 35 GPs in 4 Blocks for GIS

based Decentralized Information

Management Initiatives.

The P & RD Dept has selected 8

GPs in 4 districts (Hooghly,

Jalpaiguri, Burdwan and Bankura) to

start the pilot project of CSC.

Public interfaces

through Info

kiosks/websites

An Interactive kiosk is a computer terminal that providesinformation access via electronic methods. Most kiosks

provide unattended access to web applications.

It can provide services in different kind of filed like TeleKiosk, Financial services kiosk, Photo kiosk, Internet

kiosk, Ticketing kiosk, Giving or Donation kiosk, Movie

ticket kiosk, DVD Vending kiosk, Visitor management

and security kiosk, Building directory and way finding

kiosk

The official website of the GoWB

which provides detailed information

on the Government initiatives and

various other details to the citizens.

Webel has also facilitated a number

of websites of different government

departments and public interface

through Information Kiosks.

Education

Department

Schools are being brought under the ambit of the schemewith training being provided to teachers to utilize ICTs in

teaching learning process.

An integrated "Higher Education Service System" is oneconcept that can empower the governing bodies to

administer the progress of the education plan in the whole

country and serve various stakeholders in a much bettermanner.

Database is now developed for the

Higher Education department which

can be accessed through their

website and kiosk with Touch

Screen and IVR which is of

immense help to students seeking

admission in various streams incolleges.

Tourism

Department

A website and Touch Screen Information kiosks for theTourism Department have been developed which provides

detailed information of tourist interest that is of great help

to both the domestic as well as international visitors.

Webel has also implemented a web-

based application for WBTDC for

easy reservation of Tourist Lodges

and various tourist services.

Kolkata Police

The Kolkata Police has an efficient intranet involving thepolice head quarters, important offices and all the police

stations within Kolkata Police.

This has brought marked efficient in the day to dayoperation of the police and police investigation.

A more ambitious project is under implementation toconnect all the 407 police stations of the state andimportant police establishments in the network.

Webel Technologies is given

responsibilities to computerize 45

Police Stations of Kolkata Police

and 5 Divisional Offices and 30

other offices of Battalion with the

aim to increase efficiency of their

existing operations in the Thanaoffices & Battalion, more effective

Crime Control, close liaison with

Lalbazar Higher officials.

Computerization

of Kolkata High

Court

NIC state centre has been actively involved in providingICT support to the High Court of Kolkata.

The software has been upgraded to state of the art webbased application using Oracle 10g RDBMS under a

campus wide LAN set up connecting all the sections,

offices and Court rooms.

Few important modules of this

software are Case Management

Information System (CMIS),

Generation of Cause List, Caveat

Information System, and Judicial

Service Information System,

Judgments/Orders Information

System, Exchange of Information


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among High Courts and Supreme

Court.

Telemedicine

The Health Department is enabling the patients in the ruralareas to interact with Consultants through the electronic

route

IIT, Kharagpur has developed technical solution fortelemedicine connectivity utilizing wide area network,leased lines, ISDN lines & including ordinary copper wire.

ISRO provides the VSAT support

Doctors in Rural Hospitals can consult the Specialist ofMedical Colleges through video conferencing facility and

Internet.

Quick & Secure movement of Diagnostics Report betweenDoctors

Maintain central repository of case studies of Critically &Rarely infected Patients for future Doctor Reference.

Rural hospitals are linked with the

medical colleges like NRS, Medical

College and Burdwan Medical

College.

The telemedicine roll out nowcovers five referral centers, which

have been electronically connected

to 15 nodal centers for facilitating

exchange of voice data and

images.So far 2500 patients have

been treated through telemedicine

route.

Smart Card A small electronic card, resembling a credit card in size

and shape, contains an embedded microprocessor

Holds its own data / information with possibility of easyreading/ writing information any number of times

Employee Attendance in Govt. Offices in West Bengalthrough Smart Card

Smart Card Based Driving License & RegisteringCertificate improves Transport facilities more convenient

and efficient

Complete Check on duplicity & Forgery

The GoWB is rolling out Transport

Smart Cards.

The Transport Smart Card, with

4KB microprocessor and usingbiometric security system, stores

details of the driver and the vehicle.

These cards have been designed for

readability anywhere in the country

and thus help in transport

management and crime tracking.

VI. STUDY,RESULTS AND FINDINGIn order to quantify the progress of different citizens centric

services, Authors have selected Kolkata Municipality

Corporation (KMC) services and E-District projects.

KMC-the capital city of West Bengalhas made most of the

KMC Services accessible to the common peoples in their

locality through e-Kolkata Citizen Centers with the help of

various e-Governance projects and ensure efficiency,

transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs

within minimum time period to realize the basic needs of the

common people. These centers have multiple counters, one

of the counters being dedicated for issuing Birth and Death

Certificates. These centers are also equipped with Drinking

Water Facility, Comfortable Seating arrangement in the air

conditioned waiting lounge, Large Screen LCD Television

sets, etc. The citizens visiting the centre need to collect atoken from an automated machine and wait till his/her token

number is displayed at the large electronic display board with

counter number. The different e-Kolkata citizen service

centre location and services provided by e-Kolkata CSC are

depicted in Table II and Table III respectively.

Table II: List of E-Kolkata Citizen Service Centers

P-187, C. I. T. Road,

Kankurgachi V. I. P.

Market, Kolkata700 054,

Ward33

28A, K. N. Sen Road, Kasba,

Kolkata700 032, Ward67

11, Belvedere Road, Kolkata

700 027, Ward74

79, Bidhan Sarani,

Kolkata - 700 006, Ward

11

212, Rashbehari Avenue,

Kolkata700 019, Ward

68

516, D. H. Road, Kolkata700

034, Ward130

Baghajatin Market Complex,

Unit 2, Raja SC Mullick Road,

Kolkata - 700 092, (Beside

RAKTAKAMAL CLUB)

56/1 Raja Rajballabh

Street, Kolkata - 700

003, Ward8


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Table III: List of E-Kolkata CSC Services

Service Name Facilities Delivered

AssessmentAssessment-Collection, Process of Mutation, Tax Rates/Fees, Check Hearing Notices,

Check Mutation Status, Check Payment Status, Print Unpaid Bill, Make Online Payment,

Reprint e-receipt

Birth & Death

RegistrationBirth/Death Registration, Print Birth/Death Certificate, Find Birth/Death Records

BS (Bustee Services) and

SSEP

Monitoring & maintenance of municipal services to the slum areas under different GoI /GoWB & KMC schemes

Physical improvement / augmentation of the municipal services in the slum areas under the

different GoI & GoWB schemes

Carry out survey under the KMC area on Demographic, socio-economic & and level of

services provided

Old Age Pension Services

HealthImmunization & Control of Malaria, Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases etc

Diagnosis & Treatment of Leprosy

Diagnosis & Treatment of TB cases as per RNTCP guidelines

Treatment of common minor ailments

To care for various Health problems & Complains

Testing of Food samples Testing of water samples

Heritage Building

Conservation

Restoration of Heritage BuildingUndertaking new construction and/or addition/alteration within the Heritage Property

Selling or leasing out of the Heritage Property

Solid WastesLocal Solid Waste Management Dept.(SWM)Ward Office contact

Deposit the required fee

Obtain a receipt/permission from the KMC office

Intimate the KMC office on the commencement of the work

Sewerage & DrainageInformation about Drainage Pumping Stations, Information about Fees & Charges, Check

Demands Payable,On line Payment , Print Un Paid Bill, Reprint on line Receipt

Water SupplyFind Plumbers , Information about Fees & Charges, Check Demands Payable,On line

Payment ,Print Un Paid Bill, Reprint on line Receipt

Among all the KMC services our study given special attention on birth certificate issuance system.

Most of the People under KMC collect their babys birth

certificate from KMC e-Kolkata service centre. According

to KMC System officers, this trend is also growing

gradually and the primary data they given can be depict in

Fig.1

2133832305

48462

90044

113046

120579

14556

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

200 5 200 6 20 07 20 08 200 9 20 10 20 11

No. Of Issued Certificate

Figure 1. KMC year wise Birth Certificate Issue Chart as on 31st Jan, 2011

According to different stakeholders feed back, this new

system significantly improved the process in terms of-

Approval process

Documentation process

Certificate Issuance time

Error rectification

E-District - E-District is a one of the most important

Mission Mode project of Government of India (GI) under

National E-Governance Project plan aim to integrate the

entire government department and provide seamless district

administration. As the implementation strategy of GI, E-

district project would be implemented as Pilot project in

some selected district in India. GOWB also has

implemented E-District project in the district Bankura and

Jalpaiguri on 27th Sept. 2010. Our study has focused on

the progress of e-District project in these two districts.

The intended services by GOWB and till rolled out services

in both districts are being pointed in TableIV .


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Table IV: List of E-District Services in Plan and Rolled

Out by GOWB

Plan Services Rolled out Services

Certificates

-Income, Domicile,

SC/ST/OBC

RTI & Grievance Redressal

-RTI, Grievance Redressal

Licenses

-Blasting License

-Fatka / Fire Cracker

License

-Fire Arm License

Industry Services

-EM-1, EM-2

-Prime Minister

Employment Programme

-EC Cum RC, Subsidy

Pensions

-Old Age Pension

Social Welfare - ICDS

Certificates

-Income

Certificate

-Domicile

Certificate

-SC/ST/OBC

certificates

Industry Services

-EM-1

-EM-2

In Bankura, E-district operation is ongoing in 12 blocks out

of 22 blocks and it has started through 19 CSCs out of 183

running CSCs.

The percentage of E-district enabled CSCs in respect of

total running CSCs in a block are shown in figure Fig. 2.

Bankura-I

Bankura-II

Onda

Barjora

Chhatna

Saltora

Gangajal Ghati

Mejhia

Bishnupur

Joypur

Kotulpur

IndusPatrasayer

Sonamukhi

Indpur

Khatra

Hirbundh

Raipur

Sarenga

Ranibundh

Taldangra

Simlapal

Bankura-I

Bankura-II

Onda

Barjora

Chhatna

Saltora

Gangajal Ghati

Mejhia

Bishnupur

Joypur

Kotulpur

Indus

Patrasayer

Sonamukhi

Indpur

Khatra

Hirbundh

Raipur

Sarenga

Ranibundh

Taldangra

Simlapal

Figure2. Percentage of E-District Enabled CSC in Bankura District

Per Each Block

In Jalpaiguri, E-district operation is ongoing in 10 blocks

out of 13 blocks and it has started through 16 CSCs out of

199 running CSCs. The percentage of E-district enabled

CSCs in respect of total running CSCs in a block are shown

in figure Fig. 3

Alipurduar-I

Alipurduar-II

Kumargram

Kalchini

Madarihat

Falakata

Dhupguri

Nagrakata

Matiali

Malbazar

Maynaguri

Jalpaiguri Sadar

Rajganj Alipurduar-I

Alipurduar-II

Kumargram

Kalchini

Madarihat

Falakata

Dhupguri

Nagrakata

Matiali

Malbazar

Maynaguri

Jalpaiguri Sadar

Rajganj

Figure 3.Percentage of E-District Enabled CSC in Jalpaiguri DistrictPer Each Block

VII. CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED TO IMPLEMENTINGE-GOVERNANCE PROJECT IN WEST BENGAL

The Success of eGovernance projects and getting the

claimed benefits of e-Governance project has not been

easy in West Bengal for various technological as wellas organizational reasons. Also all implementers and

drivers of E-Governance initiatives agree that the

biggest challenge of deploying e-Governance is not

technology but change management. Change

management is important not only in terms of cultural

change but also in terms of changing operations and

processes workflow that the automated environment

will introduce.

A number of issues, some old and some new have

arisen in e-governance application implementation in

West Bengal [9], for example-

Building Capacity for Implementation.

Management of Complete project cycle.

Citizens are unlikely to use e-Governance services

without a guarantee of privacy and security.

Making a policy choice in favor of

computerization to overcome radically the even if

it requires huge investments to purchase hardware

and software.

Lack of standardization (For example, similar

projects are carried out by different state agencies

using incompatible file formats and application

standards).

Lack of understanding by the departments, for the

components of e-Governance projects, which can

be outsourced or can be carried out in house.

Lack of key factors like trained human resources,

Infrastructure and ICT penetration in remote areas.

According to NIC officers, success factors of e-

Governance projects depends on -

10% Technology

60% Process

20% Change Management


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VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STUDYThough West Bengal has achieved many milestones,

many more benchmarks are yet to be set. KMC

managed all manual hazard and providing smooth

services for the common people. In the area of e-

governance, West Bengal has still a long way to go to

reach the standards that others state have. It can

conclude that there is huge scope to create ICTinfrastructure and roll out e-Governance projects with

funding from NeGP. In our future study we will

consider more KMC services to find out the process

and user satisfaction level as well as avoiding the time

limitation we will study all e-Governance service

already roll-out in West Bengal and ready to go-live.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe are grateful to all those who helped us in carrying

out this study. First of all we wish to express our

greatest gratitude to NIC officers and CSC operators to

have given us valuable time as well as enriching us

with the knowledge sharing of various e-Governance

issues, challenges and data. Also we are extremely

thankful to KMC to provide data and CSC e-Kolkata

application screen shot what given a clear view to us

about the KMC e-Kolkata Services.

REFERENCES

[1] M. Kaliannan,H. Awang,M. Raman Public-PrivatePartnerships for E-Government Services: Lessons from

Malaysia, International Journal institution and Economies

Vol. 2, No. 2, October 2010, pp. 207-220[2] H. Al-Omari , A. Al-Omari Building an e-Government e-

Trust Infrastructure,, American Journal of Applied Sciences 3

(11): 2122-2130, 2006.[3] West Bengal IT Policy 2003, http://www.itwb.org

/download_pdf /itpolicy_2003.pdf

[4] Piyush Gupta, A Sridevi & Dhrupad Mathur: "e-GovernanceApproach in India - The National e-Governance Plan,

Computer Society of India, NISG and Nihilent (2009)

[5] Department of Information Technology, Government of India,http://www.mit.gov.in/

[6] Department of Information Technology, Government of WestBengal, http://www.itwb.org/

[7] Panchayats and Rural Development, West Bengalwww.wbprd.nic.in

[8] West Bengal pollution Control Board, West Bengalwww.wbpcb.gov.in

[9] R K Bagga and Piyush Gupta Transforming Government: e -Governance Initiatives in India, The Icfai University Press,

2009

[10] http://www.edistrictwb.gov.in/portal/index.jsp

BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Manas Kumar Sanyal is currently working as an

Associate professor and Head of the Department in theBusiness Administration, Kalyani University. He has

completed M.Tech. in Computer Science from

Calcutta University and Ph.D.. He is serving more than18 years in teaching. He has presented papers in

national and international Conferences and published papers in

international journal. His area of interest is e-Governance, E-Commerce,ERP, Data warehouse, cloud computing, Semi Structured Data base.

Mr. Sudhnagsu Das, Research Scholar in Department of

Business Administration, Kalyani. He has completed

MCA from Indira Gandhi National University in 2005.

He is currently working in Ericsson India GlobalServices Private Limited as Senior Solution Integrator

and doing PhD. from Department of BusinessesAdministration, Kalyani, West Bengal. He has presented

papers in national and international Conferences and published papers in

international journal. His area of interest is e-Governance, E-Commerce,ERP, Data warehouse, cloud computing, Semi Structured Data base.

Mr. Sajal Bhadra, Research Scholar Department of

Business Administration, Kalyani. He has completed

B.Tech in Computer Science and Technology from

Kalyani Government Engineering College in 2002. He is

currently working in Tata Consultancy Services Limitedas Assistant Consultant and doing PhD. from

Department of Businesses Administration, Kalyani,

West Bengal. He has presented papers in national and

international Conferences and published papers in international journal.

His area of interest is e-Governance, E-Commerce, ERP, Data warehouse,

cloud computing, Semi Structured Data base.
http://www.mit.gov.in/http://www.wbprd.nic.in/http://www.wbpcb.gov.in/http://www.edistrictwb.gov.in/portal/index.jsphttp://www.edistrictwb.gov.in/portal/index.jsphttp://www.wbpcb.gov.in/http://www.wbprd.nic.in/http://www.mit.gov.in/

Documents

A Study on Progress of Citizen’s Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal