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Allomorphy The Hebrew University June 2014. A fault of default Local and global default in Hebrew feminine verbs. Outi Bat-El Tel-Aviv University [email protected] www.outibatel.com. Default. A llomorphy. Given two or more surface allomorphs, which one is the default? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A fault of defaultLocal and global default
in Hebrew feminine verbs
Outi Bat-ElTel-Aviv Universityobatelposttauacil wwwoutibatelcom
Allomorphy The Hebrew University June 2014
2
DefaultAllomorphy
Given two or more surface allomorphs which one is the default The answer is often trivial
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Two types of allomorphy - two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic)
3
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
Two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic) Non-phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is NOT
irregular amp NOT limited in distribution ()
4
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Information to the contrary specific [X]sg [X-en]pl X = ox hellip No information default [X]sg [X-z]pl
The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails ndash it is the elsewhere case
English Plural
Reiter R 1980 A logic for default reasoning Artificial Intelligence 1381-132Kiparsky Paul 1973 lsquoElsewherersquo in phonology In SR Anderson and P Kiparsky (eds) A Festchrift for Morris Halle 93-106 Hold Rinehart and Winston 5
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
6
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
2
DefaultAllomorphy
Given two or more surface allomorphs which one is the default The answer is often trivial
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Two types of allomorphy - two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic)
3
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
Two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic) Non-phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is NOT
irregular amp NOT limited in distribution ()
4
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Information to the contrary specific [X]sg [X-en]pl X = ox hellip No information default [X]sg [X-z]pl
The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails ndash it is the elsewhere case
English Plural
Reiter R 1980 A logic for default reasoning Artificial Intelligence 1381-132Kiparsky Paul 1973 lsquoElsewherersquo in phonology In SR Anderson and P Kiparsky (eds) A Festchrift for Morris Halle 93-106 Hold Rinehart and Winston 5
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
6
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Two types of allomorphy - two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic)
3
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
Two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic) Non-phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is NOT
irregular amp NOT limited in distribution ()
4
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Information to the contrary specific [X]sg [X-en]pl X = ox hellip No information default [X]sg [X-z]pl
The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails ndash it is the elsewhere case
English Plural
Reiter R 1980 A logic for default reasoning Artificial Intelligence 1381-132Kiparsky Paul 1973 lsquoElsewherersquo in phonology In SR Anderson and P Kiparsky (eds) A Festchrift for Morris Halle 93-106 Hold Rinehart and Winston 5
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
6
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Two types of default Phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is identical to
the underlying representation (basic) Non-phonologically-conditioned allomorphy ndash the default is NOT
irregular amp NOT limited in distribution ()
4
English Plural
-en Identity -oslash -z
-ɨz -s -z
children sheep buses cats dogs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Information to the contrary specific [X]sg [X-en]pl X = ox hellip No information default [X]sg [X-z]pl
The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails ndash it is the elsewhere case
English Plural
Reiter R 1980 A logic for default reasoning Artificial Intelligence 1381-132Kiparsky Paul 1973 lsquoElsewherersquo in phonology In SR Anderson and P Kiparsky (eds) A Festchrift for Morris Halle 93-106 Hold Rinehart and Winston 5
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
6
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Information to the contrary specific [X]sg [X-en]pl X = ox hellip No information default [X]sg [X-z]pl
The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails ndash it is the elsewhere case
English Plural
Reiter R 1980 A logic for default reasoning Artificial Intelligence 1381-132Kiparsky Paul 1973 lsquoElsewherersquo in phonology In SR Anderson and P Kiparsky (eds) A Festchrift for Morris Halle 93-106 Hold Rinehart and Winston 5
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
6
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
6
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
On the menu Data The distribution of the FMSG suffixes Take I Default -et Take II Default -a Claim Both default ndash local and global default OT analysis V final stems ndash free variation Experimental results More questions
7
Part ALife is good
Part BLife is not perfect
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
8
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
9
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
PresentNo person contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
10
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Plural Past and FutureNo gender contrast
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Suffixes in the verb paradigmPast Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 1
2 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms
3 fm -a 3 fm
ms ms
Pl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u
3 -u 3 -u
11
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FuturePrefixes provide further contrast
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
12
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
13
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-t and -et can serve as the only surface cue for tense contrast
lsquoenterrsquo Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past nixnaacutes nixnaacutes-t lsquo2nd pr
Present nixnaacutes nixneacutes-et
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
14
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
15
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
16
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
17
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
-a appears in both Past and Present
Ms Sg Fm Sg
Past hixniacutes hixniacutes-a lsquoput itrsquo
Present maxniacutes maxnis-aacute
Past kam kaacutem-a lsquoget uprsquo
Present kam kaacutem-a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
18
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
19
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why
20
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH
21
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
268-249ו-זהעברית ואחיותיה עדית תשסו-תשסז רוזן על הסמנטיקה של מערכת זמני הפועל בעברית דורון
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why A historical note Modern Hebrew (MH) drew the verb paradigm from Biblical Hebrew (BH) MH Present tense paradigm was not a verbal paradigm in BH Noun morphology is much more chaotic than verb morphology
also with regard to the feminine suffixes The paradigm changed its status but the chaos hasnrsquot yet disappeared
22
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Schwarzwald R Ora 1991 Lexical weight in Hebrew inflectional feminine formation In Alan S Kaye (ed) Semitic Studies In honor of Wolf Leslau Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz 1409-1425
-t -et -i -a
Gender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
Present FMSGis the only case where one bundle of morphosyntactic features corresponds to two exponents
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Past Present Future
Num Pr Gen Num Gen Num Pr Gen
Sg 1 -ti Sg fm -a -et Sg 12 fm -t ms 2 fm -i
ms -ta ms3 fm -a 3 fm
ms msPl 1 -nu Pl fm -ot Pl 1
2 -tem ms -im 2 -u3 -u 3 -u
23
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-t -et -i -aGender Fm Fm Fm FmNumber Sg Sg Sg SgPerson 2nd 2nd (3rd)Tense Past Present Future Past amp Present
FMSG Present tense suffixes
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
24
If -a and -et do not share an UR Then the default cannot be implied from the UR
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
25
If -a and -et share an UR Then the UR cannot serve as default since it differs from both
allomorphs
Faust Noam 2013 Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew Morphology 23409-440
Phonological representation UR a t a t at CVCV
C V C V C V C V [-a] [-et]
Note No commitment as to whether the two suffixes share an UR
Default ndash assuming we give ldquobadrdquo markedness points to one-to-many association floating segment
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
26
Take I default -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
27 ספר קמרט ע תשלא גישה חדשה לתיאור הפועל ולהוראתו והדגמתה בנטיית הבינוני בתוך ש קודש )עורך( אורנן
44-32ירושלים המועצה להנחלת הלשון עמ
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
28
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
29
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final stems)
30
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
31
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
Quantitative distribution
32
Zadok Gila 2012 Similarity Variation and Change In stability in Hebrew weak verbs PhD dissertation Tel-Aviv UniversityComplied and kindly provided by Shmuel Bolozky
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
33
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Summary of Take IThe data suggest that -a is the specific allomorph thus -et is the default based on three types of evidence
34
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
-et elsewherePolysyllabic verbs
bull with a non-high vowel in the final syllable nixnaacutesnofeacutel
nixneacutesetnofeacutelet
lsquoenterrsquolsquofallrsquo
bull with a non-low vowel in the first syllable mevakeacuteš mevakeacutešet lsquoaskrsquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
Specific
Default
35
Qualitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present all verbs 41 12292964Present FmSg Present 8 1011229 -a 44 44101
-et 56 57101
36
Type Token -a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 337498 57 161391281055
498 most frequent verbs in written material
Natural speech tokens (2 hours recoding)
Quantitative distribution
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
37
-a shows higher percentage of tokens than types -a appears with irregular verbs bull The 10 most frequent verbs are irregular (in different ways)bull 8 out of the 10 take -ayexolaacute lsquocanrsquo osaacute lsquodorsquo magiaacute lsquoarriversquo baacutea lsquocomersquo roaacute lsquoseersquo ʦrexaacute lsquoneedrsquo roʦaacute lsquowantrsquoomeacuteret lsquosayrsquo yodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo
-et surfaces as -at after the historical pharyngeals
Type Token
-a 33 161498 43 119664281055
-et 68 338498 57 161391281055
Regularity -a associats with irregular verbs (more than -et)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -aAffiliation with irregular verbs
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
The FMSG suffixes -et and -a in the present tense
Which is the default
38
Take II default -a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
39
The fault of the default Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X The default allomorph appears whenever the specific one fails Assuming with Take I that -et is the default
we expect -et to appear whenever -a failsHowever hellip -a appears whenever -et fails (blocked) Therefore -a must be the default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
The suffix -et is hosted by the weak syllable of a binary trochaic foot
40
-a emerges when the preceding vowel is not mid and it cannot
change to mid
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
oxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquo oxeacutel PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
oxeacutel-et oxel-aacute
šaacutera lsquosingrsquorsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Monosyllabic verbs take -a in Presentšaacutera lsquosingrsquokaacutema lsquoget uprsquoraacuteʦa lsquorunrsquo
-et has priority over -a in Presentoxeacutelet lsquoeatrsquomevašeacutelet lsquocookrsquonixneacuteset lsquoenterrsquo
41
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Phonological constraints on -et
[ C V C V C ]Ft
-lw -hi e t
The suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
42
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
43
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
44
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO
A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
45
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šar-a
šeacuter-et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
46
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Cf nixnaacutes ndash nixneacuteset lsquohe ndash she entersrsquo
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FaithV[high]A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
47
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxniacutes PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
48
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
šaacutera lsquosingrsquo šaacuter PRSFMSG FAITHVM MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
šaacuter-et
šaacuter-a
šeacuter-et
FAITHVMONO (FAITHVM)A vowel in a monosyllabic input has an identical correspondent in the output
49
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a and -et in the present tense (C-final verbs)
50
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo maxnis PRSFMSG FAITHVH MIDV-et -et FMSG -a FMSG
maxniacutes-et
maxneacutes-et
maxnis-aacute
FAITHV[high] (FAITHVH)A high vowel in the input has an identical correspondent In the output
51
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-aMonosyllabic verbs šaacuter šaacutera lsquosingrsquo
Polysyllabic verbs
bull with a high vowel in the final syllable makšiacutev makšivaacute lsquolistenrsquo
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
52
No synchronic story There is nothing bad with jaxoacutel ndash jaxoacutelet and kateacuten ndash kateacutenet
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
53
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
54
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a
bull with a low vowel in the initial open syllable jaxoacutelkateacuten
jexolaacutektenaacute
lsquocanrsquolsquoreducersquo
The distribution of -a in the present tense (C-final verbs)
55
Consolation This group is gradually shrinking Used only as adjectives kaveacuted ndash kvedaacute lsquoheavyrsquo
zakeacuten ndash zkenaacute lsquooldrsquo
New verb pattern and suffix gadeacutel ndash gdelaacute lsquogrowrsquogodeacutel ndash godeacutelet
jašeacuten ndash ješenaacute lsquosleeprsquo
jošeacuten ndash jošeacutenet
Gone for many speakers kateacuten ndash ktenaacute lsquoreducersquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
56
FMSG -aFMSG -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Present
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
57
FMSG -aFMSG -et -a-a
Local default
Globaldefault
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
When the default becomes specific
Present
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
58
Specific-en
Default -z
-a
English plural Hebrew FMSG present
Default -et
Default
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Local and global default
59
Specific-en
Default -d
-a
English past
Local default -et
Global default
Hebrew FMSG present
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
60
Why is -a the global default-a seems to associate with FMSG more than other feminine suffixes All a-final nouns are FMSG (except laacutejla lsquonightrsquo and šulijaacute lsquoapprenticersquo) There are Vt-final nouns which are not FMSG
bull Final (unstressed) et seacuteret lsquofilmrsquo keacutelet lsquoinputrsquo peacutelet lsquooutputrsquobull Final it tafriacutet lsquomenursquo šarviacutet lsquoscepterrsquo
Loan nounsbull Final a ndash always feminine televiacutezja piʤaacutema maacuteskara dieacutetabull Otherwise ndash masculine flirt ʤoacuteint diskeacutet pakeacutet
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Experimental support is required
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo soneacute ndash soneacutet lsquohatersquo
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet lsquois builtrsquo nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet lsquois healedrsquo
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute lsquopoint outrsquo maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute lsquohidersquo
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute lsquoclearrsquo mexateacute ndash mexateacutet lsquopurifyrsquo
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute lsquois vacatedrsquo mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet lsquojealousrsquo
61
Vowel final verbs (the ldquolife is not perfectrdquo part)
The distribution of -a and -et is unpredictable As expected there is inter- and intra-speaker variation
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
62
Vowel final verbs ndash historical reason for the chaos
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה)
Historically final Ɂ (א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute soneacute ndash soneacutet
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute mexateacute ndash mexateacutet
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
63
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Introduction On default
The distribution of Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
ChaosV-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Question addressedWhich of the two FMSG suffixes appearing in V-final present tense verbs in Hebrew is the default -et or -a
64
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
65
Experiment (pilot)
Participants20 monolingual native speakers of Hebrew (mean age 225)
Task Simple sentences with present tense MSSG verbs Same verb in FMSG
Eg aacuteladin metateacute lsquoAladdin sweepsrsquo jasmiacuten hellip lsquoJasmin helliprsquo
Material (presented in the following order)bull Nonce verbs ndash 12 4 C-final
8 V-finalbull Actual verbs ndash 15 V-final 5 -a verbs
10 -et verbs
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
66
Results Actual verbs -a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy -et verbs (n=10) -et ndash 46
-a ndash 54 (108200) ldquoerrorrdquo
kore mevate mitxabe mitpale mevade metate memale mexate mekane merape
lsquoreadrsquo lsquoexpressrsquo lsquohidersquo lsquosurprisersquo lsquoverifyrsquo lsquosweeprsquo lsquofillrsquo lsquopurifyrsquo lsquoenvyrsquo lsquohealsrsquo1920 1720 1220 1120 820 720 620 520 420 32095 85 60 55 40 35 30 25 20 15
33 282 --- --- 369 --- 163 --- --- ---
Correct responses of -et verbs
Position in Bolozkyrsquos frequency list
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Binyan Historically final V (ה) Historically final Ɂ
(א)
B1 poneacute ndash ponaacute 99 soneacute ndash soneacutet 18
B2 nivnaacute ndash nivneacutet 24 nirpaacute ndash nirpeacutet 9
B3 mafneacute ndash mafnaacute 43 maxbiacute ndash maxbiaacute 18
B4 mefaneacute ndash mefanaacute 52 mexateacute ndash mexateacutet 12
B5 mitpaneacute ndash mitpanaacute 43 mitkaneacute ndash mitkaneacutet 8
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
67
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes (type)
Type frequency could play a role in the experiment
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
68
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy Not in reality
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
69
mitkašeacutet instead of mitkašaacute lsquofind it difficult becomes hardrsquo
-a verbs (n=5) 100 accuracy
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Not in reality
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
70
merameacutet instead of meramaacute lsquocheatsrsquo
koneacutet instead of konaacute lsquobuyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
roʦeacutet instead of roʦaacute lsquowantrsquo
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsC-final ndash 4 verbs As expected mostly -et
71
Syncretic with past 3rd FMSG - always -a
-a -etB1 0 020 100 2020B2 45 920 55 1120B4 0 020 100 2020B5 5 120 95 1920
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
72Expectation ndash equal distribution Not significant (p=01548)Expectation ndash 78 -a and 22 -et (following type distribution) Significant (plt00001)
Where has 32 gone
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etB1 50 2040 20 840B2 0 040 65 2640B4 23 940 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440
29 46160 39 63160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
73
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
74
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Dictionary distributionBinyan Historically final ltעgt Type
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo 38
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo 23
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoaffectrsquo 36
B4 mevaʦeacutea ndash mevaʦaacuteat lsquoperformrsquo 27
B5 mitbaʦeacutea ndash mitbaʦaacuteat lsquois executedrsquo 22
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
75
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Binyan ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt B1 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at -a 62B2 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at -et 15B3 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a -at 23B4 52 -a 12 -et 27 -atB5 43 -a 8 -et 22 -atTotal 473 262 55 65 14 146 31
Dictionary distribution
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
76
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -atB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 Still missing 24
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Results Nonce verbsV-final ndash 8 verbs (2 for each binyan)
77
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -et -at -eCetB1 50 2040 20 840 5 240 25 1040B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140 38 1540B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340 15 640
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160 24 38160
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
78
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data How desperate one can get
There is no C-copying within the inflectional paradigm There are no structural relations of this sort in the inflectional paradigm
We want -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Input melage mezate tfʃoke goze mitgaze mitgade nirxa nirʒa
add hs melageacutehet tfʃokeacuteset
add t tfʃokeacutetet gozeacutetet nirxeacutetet nirʒeacutetet
add n melageacutenet mezateacutenet tfʃokeacutenet gozeacutenet mitgazeacutenet nirxeacutenet nirʒeacutenet
add r melageacuteret tfʃokeacuteret mitgadeacuteret
C copy melageacuteget mezateacutetet tfʃokeacuteket gozeacutezet mitgazeacutezet mitgadeacutedet nirʒeacutezet
79
-eacuteCet (24) ndash experiment data
The strategies used to add a consonant are familiar from derivation C-copyingbull Actual words xam lsquohotrsquo ndash ximeacutem lsquoto heatrsquobull Experiment (coining novel verbs) kiseacute lsquochairrsquo ndash mekaseacutes
Adding a consonant ndash coronal Experiment (coining novel verbs)kiseacute lsquochairrsquo ndash mekaseacutet mekaseacuten
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Berman Ruth 1989 Childrenrsquos knowledge of verb structure Data from Hebrew A paper presented in the 14th Annual Boston University conference on Language Development
) ־5ה ) או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה בכל סיומת שלרוב אלא שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני בניין
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
The feminine suffix in the participle (present tense) can be either -Vt or -a
80
roʦeacutet lsquowantrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
81
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
82
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
83
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Not only for V-final stems but also for C-final stems
84
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו
סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In most verb classes (binyanim) the common suffix is -Vt (this is our default)
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
) ־5ה ) או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה בכל סיומת שלרוב אלא שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני בניין
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
The feminine suffix in the participle (present tense) can be either -Vt or -a
80
roʦeacutet lsquowantrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
81
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
82
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
83
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Not only for V-final stems but also for C-final stems
84
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו
סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In most verb classes (binyanim) the common suffix is -Vt (this is our default)
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
roʦeacutet lsquowantrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
81
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
82
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
83
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Not only for V-final stems but also for C-final stems
84
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו
סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In most verb classes (binyanim) the common suffix is -Vt (this is our default)
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
82
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
83
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Not only for V-final stems but also for C-final stems
84
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו
סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In most verb classes (binyanim) the common suffix is -Vt (this is our default)
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
83
Two forms for almost every FMSG one with -a and one with -et
Not only for V-final stems but also for C-final stems
84
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו
סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In most verb classes (binyanim) the common suffix is -Vt (this is our default)
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
84
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו
סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם מותר יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת ממולאת ) ( ) ( ושאר פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום 10א)ה מ1קנ קל בבניין קו2ראת במקום קו2ר1א)ה לומר
בהן כיוצא הצורות
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In most verb classes (binyanim) the common suffix is -Vt (this is our default)
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
85
) בניין ) בכל שלרוב אלא ־)ה או ־ת להיות יכולה ההווה הבינוני צורות של הנקבה סיומת שאינה או האחרת הסיומת ואילו השגורה לסיומת אחת סיומת נעשתה הפועל מבנייני
כבולים בצירופים או ספרותית בלשון רק אותה שמוצאים או כלל משמשת כך ־)ה הסיומת שגורה הפעיל בבניין ואילו ־ת היא השגורה הסיומת הבניינים ברוב
סורקת יושבת לומר רגילים קל בבניין למשל סורקה יושבה מוצאים בספרות אבל אומרים הפעיל בבניין זאת לעומת שערה וסורקה לחלון יושבה היא ביאליק של כבשירו ידו אין אבל משיגה אומרים כלל בדרך רגשת מ יש ההלכה בספרות אבל מרגישה
משגת ( ד שיו משורשים להבדיל ף באל המסתיימים משורשים בינונית לצורות הדין הוא ndash מדכאת( קוראת ־ת סיומת הבניינים ובשאר ממציאה מקריאה בהפעיל בסופם
יושבת במקום יושבה לומר שמותר כפי אבל מתבטאת מומצאת מותר ממולאת ) ( HIא5ה מHקJנ קל בבניין קוMרLאת במקום א5ה HרMקו ( לומר ( פיעל בבניין 0את מ1קנ במקום
בהן כיוצא הצורות ושאר
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
According to the Hebrew Language Academy
In literary style one can use the other suffix -a instead of -et and vice versa
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
86
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
87
This is what our great poets used to do
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
יא הה ב 13לוןיוש ח ל13הו ק 13השור ר ע 13 ש
יא ם ה יכ ינ ע 13בה רוצ 13פ
ה ר יא ב י ה ינ ע 13וב
Hayim Nahman Bialik
jošvaacute ndash jošeacutevetsorkaacute ndash soreacutevet
Miriam Yalan Shtekelis
נורית קמה לפתע אךהיא אבא קוראהאבא
החושך גרש מהר בוארע ילד מפריע הוא
korʔaacute ndash koreacutet
Not native speakers of Hebrew
Immigrated to Israel - age 51
Immigrated to Israel - age 20
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
88
Whether or not we are ldquoallowedrdquo to use both suffixes our language knowledge assumes a system Indeed the system suffers from a certain degree of inconsistency
when it comes to V-final stems However grammatical systems tend to fix themselves over time and
the interesting questions arebull How does the system work now (I gave a partial answer only with
regard to C-final stems)bull In what way the system is going to fix itself (I need more
experimental work here)
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
89
Summary hellip Two allomorphs for the FMSG present tense Both have some characteristics of the default allomorph though -a
has also characteristics of the specific allomorph My claim
Both are default ndash but in different domains local default in the present tense and global default beyond the present tense
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
ThankYou
Thank you Betsy Ritter and Noam Faust for brain storming
Thank you Daniel Asherov and Stav Klein for the experiment
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
91
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Why OT Reason I Rule-based approachbull FMSG -a monosyllabic stems etc bull FMSG -et
This analysis fails to reflect the observation that -a appears whenever -et is blocked ie also -a behaves like a default
OT analysis reflects this observation allowingbull -et to be the local default of FMSG present tense andbull -a to be the global default to appear whenever the local default -et
fails
92
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Why OT Reason II Underspecificationbull -et FMSG Verb Presentbull -a FMSG Verb -a FMSG
This analysis fails to account for the following facts
93
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
94
Present tense verbs (participles) can also serve as nouns
Verb Noun
moreacute lsquopoints at MSSGrsquo lsquoteacherrsquo
ʦoleacutelet lsquodives FMSGrsquo lsquosubmarinersquo
menaheacutel lsquomanages MSSGrsquo lsquomanagerrsquo
kam lsquoget up MSSGrsquo lsquoenemyrsquo
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
-et and -a appear with other lexical categories
-a MsSg FmSg
Noun jeacuteled jaldaacute lsquoboy-girlrsquo
Verb jalaacuted jaldaacute lsquogave birthrsquo
Adjective xašuacutev xašuvaacute lsquoimportantrsquo
-et MsSg FmSg
Noun dajaacutel dajeacutelet lsquostewardrsquo
Verb oleacutex oleacutexet lsquogoesrsquo
Adjective mejutaacuter mejuteacuteret lsquoredundantrsquo
95
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
-a -etmištaacuter lsquoregimersquo mištaraacute lsquopolicersquo
guf lsquobodyrsquo gufaacute lsquocorpsersquo
meduraacute lsquobonfirersquo
kivuacuten lsquodirectionrsquo kavanaacute lsquointentrsquo kaveacutenet lsquo(gun) sightsrsquo
seacutevel lsquosufferingrsquo siboacutelet lsquostaminarsquo
mirpeacuteset lsquobalconyrsquo
96
-et and -a serve as derivational suffixes as well
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Both -a and -et are specified for two features only ndash Feminine and Singular
OT can handle the distribution of the feminine singular suffixes with co-phonologies
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
poneacutea
ponaacute
poneacuteet
poneacutet
97
koret lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV -et FMSG -a FMSG MAX
koreacutea
koraacute
koreacuteet
koreacutet
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
98
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Stem MAX Suff -et -a
koraacute
koreacutet
ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo poneacute PRSFMSG VV MAX Suff MAX Stem -et -a ponaacute
poneacutet
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e is deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e is deleted
99
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo koreacute -et -a MAXVSuff MAXVStm
koreacutet
koraacute
kore-et
pone-a
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Binyan Historically final ltעgt Historically final ltחgt
B1 šomeacutea ndash šomaacuteat lsquohearrsquo šoxeacuteax ndash šoxaacutexat lsquoforgetrsquo
B2 nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo niftaacutex ndash niftaacutexat lsquois openedrsquo
B3 mašpiacutea ndash mašpiaacute lsquoinfluencersquo mašbiacuteax ndash mašbixaacute lsquoimproversquo
B4 mešageacutea ndash mešagaacuteat lsquomaddenrsquo mešabeacuteax ndash mašabaacutexat
B5 mitpareacutea ndash mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitpateacuteax ndash mitpataacutexat
78 (255327 ) -a 22 (72327 ) -(e)t
Distribution ndash type
100
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
101
Further thoughts hellip Since the same forms are used for both nounsadjectives and verbs
there might be a reorganization in the systembull -a for nounsadjectivesbull -et for verbs
Partial results the of -a lowered with we added ldquonowrdquo or ldquothis momentrdquo to the sentencesbull -a with ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 32 (1856)
aacuteladin metateacute axšav mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps now under the rugrsquobull -a without ldquonowthis momentrdquo ndash 27 (28104)
aacuteladin metateacute mitaacutexat lašatiacuteax lsquoAladdin sweeps under the rugrsquo Further studies are required also with reference to FMSG in nouns
and adjectives
Introduction On default
Hebrew FMSG suffixes in the verb paradigm
Take I default -et
OT analysis
Local amp global default
Chaos V-final stems
Final remarksTake II
default -a
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Final ltעgt Final ltאgt Final ltהgt
nišmaacute ndash nišmaacuteat lsquois heardrsquo nimʦaacute ndash nimʦeacutet lsquois foundrsquo nifnaacute ndash nifneacutet lsquoturnrsquo
24 24 9
102
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
On defaul
t
Hebrew verb
inflectional
suffixes
Take I default -
et
Take II default -
a
Local amp
global defaul
t
OT analysi
s
Chaos V-final verbs
Final remark
s
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
MSSG ndash CiCCaacute for all vowel final stems MSSG ndash unique for final ltעgt
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
koreacute-et koreacutet lsquoreadrsquo suffix vowel e ndash deleted
poneacute-a ponaacute lsquoturnrsquo stem vowel e ndash deleted
103
bull Strength relation stem gt suffixbull Realize Morph The feature bundle PRESFMSG has an exponentRealizeMorph gtgt MaxVStem gt MaxVSuff
maxnisaacute lsquoput inrsquo koreacute RM MaxVEdge -et -a
koreacutet
koraacute
koreacute
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Selecting the optimal formponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo boleacutea MAXV2 VV MAX[a] MAX[e] -et -a
boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
boleacuteat boleacuteaet
boleacuteaet
bolaacuteet boleaacuteet
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaaacute
boleacuteaa
boleacuteaacutea
104
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
None of these restrictions is weird in Hebrew morphology
MIDV-etThe suffix -et is preceded by a mid vowel in an open syllable
At the core of Hebrew morphology stand the morphological classes (binyanmishkal) which are defined in terms of bull prosodic structure (number of syllables and syllable structure)bull vocalic patterns andbull affixes
Bat-El O 2002 Semitic verb structure within a universal perspective Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic Root-based Morphology J Shimron (ed) Amsterdam John Benjamins 29-59
105
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCe]Stem
106
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
poneacute ponaacute lsquoturnsrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mexaseacute mexasaacute lsquocoversrsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitbaleacute mitbalaacute lsquowears outrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ה) 80 (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
Tarmon Asher and Ezri Uval 1998 Hebrew Verb Tables Jerusalem Tamir Publisher
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Vowel final stems ndash hellipCeacutea]Stem
107
MSSG FMSG MSSG FMSG
jodeacutea jodaacuteat lsquoknowrsquo soneacute soneacutet lsquohatersquo
mesajeacutea mesajaacuteat lsquohelprsquo medakeacute medakeacutet lsquodepressingrsquo
mitpareacutea mitparaacuteat lsquogo wildrsquo mitnaseacute mitnaseacutet lsquostuck uprsquo
(final ע) (final א) 20
Distribution in the dictionary
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
108
Default vs basicDefault of category vs formDefault and underspecification
Nominative is the maximally unmarked case category in the language with no restrictions on its occurrence It is not
assigned when the other cases fail to be assigned rather it is the lack of assignment of other cases
McFadden Thomas 2007 Default case and the status of compound categories in Distributed morphology In Tatjana Scheffler Joshua Tauberer Aviad Eilam and Laia Mayol (eds) Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 13(1) Proceedings of the 30th Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium 225-238
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
109
Default and related notions
Default and underspecification
xxxx
bull Default category is not specified for morphological features
Farkas Donca 1990 Two Cases of Underspecification in Morphology Linguistic Inquiry 21539-50
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
110
Is it a case of contrast neutralizationbull Due to phonological restrictions on -et the contrast between 3rd
FMSF past and FMSG present forms is neutralizedbull Why -a lsquo3rd FMSF past rsquo and not other feminine suffixes Eg -t lsquo2nd
FMSF past rsquo -i lsquo2rd FMSF futurersquo
Arregi Karlos and Andrew Nevins 2012 Contextual neutralization and the elsewhere principle Ms University of Chicago and University College London
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
On the notion ldquodefaultrdquo
The Elsewhere Condition (Kiparsky 1982)The more specific process applies before the more general default one such that the specific blocks the default
Common non-theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull more frequent bull used in loan wordsbull first to appear in childrenrsquos speech
Theoretical characteristics of the default morphemebull less specified bull less restricted contextually
111
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
112
Outline of the talk
Hebrew verb paradigms undergo inter-paradigm leveling
Hebrew verb paradigms ndash classes and sub-classes
Change-oriented variation ndash inter-paradigm leveling
Similarity
There are two types of directionality
Frequency
Concluding remarks
Introduction Hebrew verb paradigms
Variation DirectionalityConclusion
Similarity Frequency
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Booij G 1995 The Phonology of Dutch Oxford Oxford University Press
113
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Binyan Total ltאgt ltהgt ltעgt
B1 719 99 -a 18 -et 38 -at
B2 328 25 -et 9 -et 23 -at
B3 527 43 -a 18 -a 36 -a
B4 861 52 -a 12 -et 27 -at
B5 515 43 -a 8 -et 22 -at
Total 2950 262 9 65 2 146 5
114
Vowel final verbs ndash distribution of suffixes
Results Nonce verbs-a -et -at
B1 50 2040 20 840 5 240B2 0 040 65 2640 18 740B4 23 940 38 1540 3 140B5 43 1740 35 1440 8 340
29 46160 39 63160 8 13160
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
Default X In the absence of any information to the contrary assume X
Dutch Diminutive
Information to the contrary - specific 1 -jə after stem-final obstruents
- specific 2 -ətjə after sonorant Cs preceded by a short stressed V
No information to the contrary - default -tjə (subject to place assimilation)
115
Phonological information
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
116
Default vs basic
Zwicky M Arnold 1986 The general case Basic form versus Default form Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 305-314
bull Basic ndash a structural notion referring to the underlying representation thus basic is the default (eg Dutch)
bull Default ndash an organizational notion referring to order of rule application - is not always basic non-phonologically conditioned allomorphy)
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
QuestionWhich of these two suffixes is the default
Empirical focusThe FM SG suffixes in Hebrew present tense (participle) ndash -et and -a
Theoretical interestExpansion of the notion default ndash local and global default
117
