A BRIEF NOTE ON PLANTS OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE TO

LIVESTOCK

Dr.Sunilchandra.UAssistant Professor

Dept. Pharmacology & ToxicologyVeterinary College,KVAFSU,Bidar-585

401

TYPES OF THERAPY: Conv/Alternative INTRODUCTION : CLASSIFICATION, PARTS

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES

COMMON VETERINARY MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THERAPEUTIC EFFCETS

CONCLUSION

Basic Terminology

Alternative medicine refers to treatments or therapies that are outside accepted conventional medicine

Complementary medicine refers to the use of alternative therapies with or in addition to conventional treatment

Types of Alternativeand Complementary Medicine

Veterinary acupuncture and acutherapy Veterinary chiropractic

Examination, diagnosis, and treatment of animals through manipulation and adjustments

Veterinary physical therapy Use of noninvasive techniques for rehabilitation

Veterinary homeopathy Treatment by administration of substances that are

capable of producing clinical signs in healthy animals

Types of Alternativeand Complementary Medicine

Veterinary botanical medicine Uses plants and plant derivatives as

therapeutic agents Nutraceutical medicine

Uses micronutrients, macronutrients, and other nutritional supplements as therapeutic agents

Holistic veterinary medicine Comprehensive approach to health care -

both alternative and conventional diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches

Herbal Supplements Herbal supplements are one of the fastest

growing segments of the dietary supplement market One reason may be the desire for a more holistic

approach to health care people believe conventional treatments have real or

perceived limitations natural products do not have side effects Herbs have been used for a long time Advertising methods

IntroductionPlants Utilized by man to meet his daily requirements

plus health care.

Plants(parts) , plant extracts or plant-derived pure chemicals

Active principles: for medicinal properties- Vegetable bases, Alkaloids, Glucosides, Saponins,

Proteins,Resins, Flavonoids, Tannins etc.

Different plant parts as drugs

Bark Root/Rhizome Bulb Leaf Flower and Flowering bud Fruit Seeds Whole plant/ Aerial Part Drugs

Classification First generation phytomedicines simple botanicals employed in crude form based on

empirical evidence of their clinical application by traditional societies from different parts of the world.

Second-generation pure molecules,more pharmacologically active than their

synthetic counterparts. Eg: quinine from Cinchona, reserpine from Rauwolfia, taxol from Taxus species.

Third Generationclinical evaluation of the treatment modalities and therapy as

administered by traditional doctors or as used by the community as folk medicine. This is then followed by acute and chronic toxicity studies in animals.

Considerations

Not commonly used in eye and ear infections as well as in endo-and ectoparasitoses

Often used in diseases of the liver, joints, kidneys, heart and skin.

More frequently applied in chronic diseases as well as secondary medication, whereas the time of treatment usually exceeds one month. .

Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages cheaper, less side effects acceptance minimal drug residue drug resistance problems suitable for skin diseases, worms, wounds, reproductive

disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and mild diarrhoea

Disadvantages Acceptance lack of wide information. less suitable to control epidemic and endemic infectious

diseases, acute life-threatening bacterial infections. May not be as fast-working,potent as allopathic in some

cases.

COMMON PLANTS WITH VETERINARY THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE

Acacia catechu Catechu (Kachu,kadira)

the extract-catechu passive diarrhoea

either alone, or in combination with cinnamon

Astringent Antimicrobial

Acacia senegal Gum Acacia, Gum Arabic Tree, or Gum Senegal Tree. Acacia, Hirijali

The gum-for soothing m.m of the intestine, inflamed skin

Burn,epistaxis

Antinflammatory

Aegle marmelos Bengal quince, stone apple (Bela, bilva)

The fruit Antidiarrhoeal Antibacterial Antimycotic Maggot wound

Allium sativum (Garlic, bellulli)

Bacteriostatic Antibacterial Antiviral antifungal activity. Antihyperlipedemic Digestive

Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis true aloe or medicinal aloe, (lole rasa)

The extracts soothing, moisturizing healing Purgative Sunheat burns Radiation Dermatitis

Alpinia galanga (galangal, greater galangal (Thai galangal)blue ginger or Thai ginger. Kulinjana, Gandhamula)

The rhizome weak antimalarial activity in mice

Carminative Bronchial stimulant Antirheumatic

Andrographis paniculata (green chiretta , Kirayat, Kiratha kaddi,Nelamevu,kala megha)

o The plant extract o Bronchitiso Diarrhoeao Dermatitis

o Hepatoprotective

Anethum sowa Dill(sabbaki)

Carminative Diuretic

Annona squamosa, Annona reticulata. (Sugar apple, Custard apple, seethaphala)

ruits Insecticidal Spasmogenic Oxytocic Antiseptic Antinematodal

Antidesama menasu (Kadivala soppu,Kurala soppu)

fruits, leaves Antiinflammatory Diuretic Scabies

Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari, Shatamull, hatamuli, jattige beru, narayani)

Roots. Leaves Adaptogen Galactogogue Antispasmodic Nervine tonic Antibacterial Threatened abortion

Azadirachta indica (Neem, Bevu , Kahi Bevu)

Seeds- natural alternative to synthetic pesticides.

Leaves, shoot, fruits Antiviral, Antifungal Larvicidal Anticancer Antiandrogenic

Berberis aristata (Indian Barberry or Tree Turmeric Bagisutra,Kadumandara)

The root bark Dermatitis Dysentry Anticancer Conjunctivitis Diuretic Laxative Jaundice

The leaves Antibacterial Expectorant Diuretic Styptic Anti convulsant Hepatoprotective

Boerhaavia diffusa (tar vine, punarnava, Hog weed Komme gida, Gana Jali, Thoppalu)

Capsicum frutescens (Chilli pepper, Menasinakai)

Carminative Counter irritant Rubefacient

Cassia alata (Candle Bush, Empress Candle Plant, Ringworm Tree or "candletree" Aanethajanku, aane chagthe)

The leaves, flowers Pruritus Antibacterial Antifungal; Dermatitis Warts Wound

Eclipta prostrataFalse Daisy , yerba de tago, and bhringraj, Aja gara, gurugada soppu

Styptic postpartum uterine

pain bronchitis Antiviral hepatoprotective

Centella asiatica Brahmi (saraswathisoppu,timare)

Adaptogen Antirhuematic Antispasmodic Antiseptic-bact, viral Sedative Nervine tonic Memory enhancer

Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree (karpura)

Powders Rubefacient Expectorant Antiseptic

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Cinnamon (dalchinni)

Carminative Styptic Antifungal

Citrullus colocynthis colocynth, bitter apple, bitter cucumber, egusi (Doddahale)

Fruits, seeds Purgative Abnormal foetal

presentation

Citrus aurantfolia (Key lime , Nimbu, cherunarangi)

Antibacterial Expectorant Dermatitis

Clerodendrum serratum (glorybower, bagflower,Kari tekki, Gantu barangi)

Leaves, fruits Sedative Analgesic Antihistaminic

Coleus ambainicus (Indian Borage, Sambrani ele, Doddapatre, Karpuravalli)

Leaevs Flavouring, Antibacterial Carminative Expectorant Itching, Dermatitis Antiasthma

Coriander sativum (coriander, Kottambari)

Leaves, fruit, root Antioxidants Carminative Antibacterial

Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin,Kumbala, Boodukumbala)

Fruit, leaves Postpartum uterine

bleeding Taenicide Fungicidal

Cuminum cyminum (Cummin, Jeerige)

Seeds, leaves Antibacterial Carminative spasmolytic

Curcuma amada ((mango ginger , Karpura arishina, Mavu Shunti)

Rhizome Antipyretic Laxative Carminative Dermatitis Contusion Sprain

Curcuma longa Turmeric Haridra, haldar or haldi (Arasina)

Antiinflammatory Antibacterial Antiviral Antiprotozoal Antioxidant Hepatoprotective Bioenhancer

Ficus hispida (fig tree, figs, Adavipatti)

Bark, seeds Epistaxis Expectorant Emetic Drying milk

Ficus racemosa (Cluster Fig Tree or Goolar (Gular) Fig, Attimara, Kollakitu)

Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antidiarrhoeal Threatened abortion Hemoptysis

Gardenia resinefera (Kunte, Dikka mali)

Leaves, flowers Antiseptic Astringent Antirheumatic Hepatoprotective

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice/licorice/ jeshtamadhu)

Root, Barks, extracts Antinflammatory Expectorant Antiarthritc Purgative Diuretic

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese hibiscus, China rose and shoe flower,

Oestrogenic Hemostatic Anodyne Expulsion of placenta Constipation Pruritus Spsmolytic

Leucas aspera (Thumbe)

Leaves-Scabies Antipyretic Insecticidal

Mentha arvensis Field Mint (Pudina), Wild Mint or Corn Mint

Leaves, flowers Counterirritant Antipruritic Flavouring

Myristica fragrans Nutmeg (Pathre,jayikayi)

Carminative Flavoring

Ocimum sanctum tulsi, tulasī, or Holy Basil

Antibacterial Antiprotozoal Expectorant Carminative Immunostimulant Antiulcerogenic Insecticidal

Phyllanthus emblica Indian gooseberry, or aamla,

Leaves Fruits Antiviral Expectorant Carminative Hepatoprotective

Picrorrhiza kurroa (Black hellebore, black kutki, kali, kali kutki, kali-kutki, karru, katki, kaur, kuru, kuruwa, kutaki, kutki, Katuka, katukarohini,)

Roots Stomachic Cholagogue Febrifuge Tonic Hepatoprotective

Pimpinella anisum (aniseed ,Kadu oma, kadu sompu)

Seeds Colic Carminative

Piper cubeba tailed pepper,

Leaves Urinary antiseptic Flavouring Cough

Piper longum Pippali, Indian long pepper ,Hippali,thippali

Carminative Sedative Purgative Cough Bioenhancer

Piper nigrum (Pepper, Kalumenasu, karimenasu)

Carminative Antiseptic Rubefacient Sialogogue Abortive

Plantago ovata (Isapgol, isagolu)

psyllium seed husks Bulk Laxative

Pongamia pinnata (Indian Beech, Pongam, Karanj Honge mara)

Dermatitis Mange Antibacterial Laxative

Flower, leaves Fruits Expectorant Astringent

Prunus serotina (black cherry,Wild cheery bark ,cheery hannu)

Putranjiva roxburghhi (Amani, Kalada mani, Putranjeeva)

Diuretic Laxative Refrigerant

Saraca asoka (Asoka)

Astringent Tocolytic Scabies

Sida cordifolia bala, country mallow, heart-leaf sida or flannel weed

Leaves Antiinflammatory Demulcents Tenesmus Colic

Syzygium aromaticum ( clove, lavanga)

Carminative Antiseptic Rubefacient Diuretic Febrifuge Gum and teeth

strengthner

Astringent Antibacterial Dermatitis Gum and teeth

strengthener

Syzygium cumini Jambul , java plum, jamun, jamblang, jambolan, black plum, Damson plum

Antibacterial Diuretic Liverstimulant Antipyretic Dermatitis

Tephrosia purpurea

(Koggili, Vajradanti, Vajranili)

Terminalia bellirica Beleric, bastard myrobalan, ,Thouri, tare vriksha)

seeds Leaves Antimalarial Purgative Antimycotic Anodyne Laxative

Terminalia chebula (Black Myrobalan ,Alale kaayi, arale kaayi, hari taki)

Expectorant Anodyne Hepatoprotective Dermatitis Laxative Nervine tonic

Terminalis arjuna (Arjuna tree ,Bilimathi)

Astringent Febrifuge

Tinospora cordifolia (Amruta Balli, Madhu parni)

Leaves, flowers, fruit Spasmolytic Antirheumatic Diuretic Antiinflammatory Urolitholytic

Expectorant Dermatitis

Urginea maritima sea squill, red squill, sea onion, ein sit, and ada sogani. ,Adaviyerulli)

Woodfordia fruiticosa (Dhataki, arethamrapusti)

Antibacterial Antifungal Uterine sedative Hepatoprotective

Zingiber officinale (Ginger, Shunti)

Carminative Antiemetic

Zizyphus mauritiana (Elachi, badari, challe)

Purgative Styptic Colic Antipyretic Stomatitis Wound

Aromatherapy: volatile essential oils to achieve a physical

or psychological response.  by diffusion or nebulisation, with massage

or by topical application and rarely , orally. ready absorption through the nasal micosa

or skin.herbal therapy also makes use of whole plant derivatives

Aromatherapy

concentrated and powerful medicines, which must be used with care and understanding.

As some may cause abortion in pregnant animals and use in food-producing animals can result in ‘tainted’ food products from those animals.

Cedar

Cedrus atlantica

Expectorant, antiseptic, antifungal,insect repellant

Cinnamon

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Dermatophytes, dental antiseptic, antimicrobial

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus globulus

Antiseptic, decongestant, expectorant(upper respiratory tract infections), urinary antiseptic

Thyme

Thymus vulgaris

Antimicrobial, fungicidal, pneumonia, gastroenteritis

Turmeric Curcuma longa Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,Chronic

ulcers, scabies,

Peppermint Mentha piperita Carminative, antispasmodic, bronchitis,

antitussive, mild antibacterial

Evening primrose

Oenothera biennis

Astringent, sedative, spasmodic, atopic eczema.

Conclusion No detailed documented study in livestock

medicine No recorded fixed dose schedule Ethnoveterinary practices…..?

Extensive research exclusive to Animal health Regionwise classification and categorisation of

medicinal plants with proven therapeutic utility in animals for life threatening conditions