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International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)
Vol. 9 Issue 1, January -2019
ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196
International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences
Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.
1
Nutritional and Medicinal Importance of Edible mushrooms
Aasif Majeed Sofi1
Research Scholar
Dr. Purnima Srivastava2
Director Research at Dept. Of Applied Science
1,2Dept.of Biotechnology,Faculty of Applied Sciences,Bhagwant University Ajmer,Rajasthan.
Abstract: Edible mushrooms are highly rich nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and protiens.these can
be used as food for example mushroom soups .these consists of importantsprotiens for humankind .these are
very essential for human health as they consists of amino acids,fattyacids,minerals and vitamins. Medicinally
mushrooms play an important role in human beings also some species mushrooms posses anticancer activities.
in this regard here nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms was observed
Keywords.Microscopicstudy,mushrooms analysis, jammu& Kashmir.
Introduction:
Nutrition is the most important subject for humankind. A balanced nutrition is particularly important
from the point of taking in essential elements such as minerals, vitamins and high quality proteins. Nutritional
levels in societies depend on various factors such as economic conditions, ecology, nutritional habits, traditions
and education. Successful development of countries is achieved by advancing economic subjects including levels
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)
Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019
ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196
International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences
Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.
2
of agriculture, industry and education. Nutritional values of foods play an important role in human health. The
people have to provide a balance diet containing essential food compounds; amino acids, fatty acids, minerals
and vitamins. A sufficient and balanced diet should also include taking in enough carbohydrate and energy
supplies. Mushrooms can provide balancing diet compounds in sufficient quantities for human nutrition, and
contain medicinal compounds. They are in rich in crude fiber and protein. In fact, mushrooms also contain low
fat, low calories and good vitamins and many mushrooms possess multi-functional medicinal properties [1]. The
total number of edible and medicinal fungi is over 2300 species [2]. Cultivated mushrooms have become popular,
and over 200 genera of macro fungi are useful for the people in the world. Most of them are cultivated on
lignocelluloses waste materials and contribute to their re-cycling. The common mushroom species produced in
suitable ecological conditions are: Agaricus spp., Lentinulaedodes (shiitake), Pleurotus spp. (oyster),
Volvariellavolvacea (straw), Lion’s head or pompom (Hericium), ear (Auricularia), Ganoderma (Reishi),
Grifolafrondosa (maitake), Winter (Flammulina), white jelly (Tremella), Pholiota (nameko), and shaggy mane
(Coprinus). The most common ones produced are Agaricusbisporus (button) mushroom, Lentinulaedodes, and
Pleurotus species [2]. The nutritional and chemical composition, and physical properties of edible mushrooms
have been studied by different authors [3-7]. It is well know that mushrooms have a rich chemical composition
and functional properties for health
The aim of our article is to evaluvate the nutrinional, and medicinal values of edible mushrooms.(agaricusspp
and pluerotus spp.).
1.Nutritional values.
Latin Name :Agaricusbisporus
The most commonly cultivated is the white button mushroom, Agaricusbisporus. However, mushroom broadly
refers to a number of fungi which bear a fruiting body containing spores and which grows above the ground.
They may grow on the soil or on another food source. They usually have a stem, a cap, and gills on the underside
of the cap. However mushrooms may also grow without the stem and in such cases may be called differently.
China is the largest producer of edible mushrooms accounting for over 50% of the world's edible mushroom
production.
Nutrients in Mushrooms
Generally, all mushrooms are :
Low in sodium, fat and calories, just about 20 calories in a cup.
High in fiber and protein; 20-30% protein by dry weight.
Rich in the minerals potassium, selenium, copper, zinc and magnesium; oyster mushroom is rich in iron too.
Rich in the Bcomplex vitamins, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid.
The only vegetable or fruit for that matter that produces vitamin D when in sunlight and is a source of
natural Vitamin D.
Rich in L-ergothoneine, a powerful antioxidant.
Rich in cancer fighting nutrients like polysaccharides and linoleic acid.
Free of cholesterol.
Contain triterpines which inhibit histamine release and are anti inflammatory.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)
Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019
ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196
International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences
Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.
3
Nutrients in Mushrooms
Mushrooms, cooked, boiled,
drained, without salt
Serving size - 100 grams
Nutrients Amounts %DV
Calories 28.0 (117 kJ) 1%
Total Carbohydrate 5.3 gm 2%
Dietary Fiber 2.2 gm 9%
Total Omega-3 fatty acids 1.0mg
Total Omega-6 fatty acids 190mg
Sugars 1.9 gms
Vitamin A 0 IU 0%
Vitamin C 4 mg 7%
Vitamin D 21 IU 5%
Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) 0 IU 0%
Vitamin K 0 mcg 0%
Thiamin 0.1 mg 5%
Riboflavin 0.3 mg 18%
Niacin 4.5 mg 22%
Vitamin B6 0.1 mg 5%
Folate 18 mcg 5%
Vitamin B12 0 mcg 0%
Pantothenic Acid 2.2 mg 22%
Choline 19.9 mg
Minerals Amount % DV
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)
Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019
ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196
International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences
Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.
4
Calcium 6 mg 1%
Iron 1.7 mg 10%
Magnesium 12 mg 3%
Phosphorus 87 mg 9%
Potassium 356 mg 10%
Sodium 2 mg 0%
Zinc 0.9 mg 6%
Copper 0.5 mg 25%
Manganese 0.1 mg 6%
Selenium 11.9 mcg 17%
Fluoride ~ ~
2.Medicinal values
a.Anticancer activity of mushrooms.
But what mushrooms are best known for and researched is their apparent cancer-fighting powers. Mushrooms
contain a class of proteins called lectins, which are able to bind to abnormal cells and cancer cells and label the
cells for destruction by our immune system. According to a 2016 articlepublished in Molecules:
Numerous studies have shown that mushrooms help fight breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, uterine cervix
cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and acute leukemia. In addition, antitumor compounds have been
identified in various mushrooms species.
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among American women. So scientists have done a lot of
research about the activities mushrooms possess against breast cancer.
In one amazing study of 2,000 women conducted by researchers from the University of Western Australia in
Perth, women who consumed at least a third of an ounce of fresh mushrooms every day were 64% less
likely to develop breast cancer.
b. Antioxidant activity of mushrooms.
Antioxidant activity Antioxidants are chemical compounds that protect cells from the damage caused by unstable
molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals are powerful oxidants and those chemical entities that contain
unpaired electrons. They are capable of randomly damaging all components of the body, viz. lipids, proteins,
DNA, sugars and are involved in mutations and cancers (Przybytniak et al., 1999). The nascent oxygen is trapped
by enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Over production of free radicals
creates oxidative stress. The antioxidants are an important defense of the body against free radicals and
mushrooms which are rich sources of these antioxidants (Mau et al., 2004; Puttaraju et al., 2006; Ferreira et al.,
2007; Oyetayo et al., 2007). Waxy cap mushroom extracts (Hygrocybecoccinea) are inhibitory to sarcoma
(Ohtsuka et al., 1997). Immunoceticals isolated from more than 30 mushroom species have shown anticancer
action in animals (Wasser and Weis, 1999). Schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune is effective against
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)
Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019
ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196
International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences
Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.
5
head and neck cancer (Kimura et al. 1994; Borchers et al., 1999). Antioxidant property of compounds is
correlated with their phenolic compounds (Velioglu et al., 1998). Kim and kim (1999) reported that mushroom
extracts possess DNA protecting properties. G. lucidum extracts can trap number of free radicals(Jones and
Janardhanan, 2000). Mau et al. (2001) found antioxidant properties of several ear mushrooms. Many species of
mushrooms have been found to be highly potent immune enhancers, potentiating animal and human immunity
against cancer (Wasser and Weis, 1999; Borchers et al., 1999; Kidd, 2000; Feng et al., 2001). Tyrosinase from A.
bisporus is antioxidant (Shi et al., 2002). Lakshmi et al. (2005) determined antioxidant activity of P. sajorcaju.
Russell and Paterson (2006) observed that triterpenoides are the main chemical compounds in G. lucidium.
Camptothecin is responsible for antioxidant properties in G. lucidum (Zhou et al.,2007.)
Conclusion:
Conclusion We may conclude about the diverse benefits of mushrooms towards humans by the words of the
father of medicine that is, Hippocrates “Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”. This saying aptly
suits mushrooms, as they have tremendous medicinal food, drug and mineral values, hence they are valuable
asset for the welfare of humans.
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International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)
Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019
ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196
International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences
Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.
6
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