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Organization9/08/2015
Mr. Kroesch 8J English
Why?Organization is how we lead audiences
through our writing and creates a unified feel to the workEnhances comprehensionGuides reader’s processing of informationMakes writing process flow smoothly
Styles of OrganizationChronological PatternsSequential PatternsSpatial PatternsCompare-Contrast PatternsAdvantages- Disadvantages PatternsCause-Effect PatternsProblem-Solution PatternsTopical Patterns
ChronologicalPresents information in order of events based
on timeFirst Event -> Second Event -> Third Event
Variations include:"past-present-future“"before-during-after“
Most commonly used for narratives and historic event papers
Chronological ExampleIntroductionI. 1895 - 1920
Significant Event # 1Significant Event # 2
II. 1920 - 1945Significant Event # 1Significant Event # 2
Conclusion
SequentialArranges events in order of completion,
similar to chronologic but without time needed
Main events can be broken down into sub-events based on importance
Most useful for describing processes (how-to speeches)
Sequential Example I: Harvest the grapes
Harvesting procedure number one Harvesting procedure number two
II. Step Two: Prepare the grapes Preparation procedure number one Preparation procedure number two
III. Step Three: Ferment the grapes Fermenting procedure number one Fermenting procedure number two
IV. Step Four: Press the grapes Pressing procedure number one Pressing procedure number two
V. Step Five: Age the wine Aging procedure number one Aging procedure number two
SpacialOrganizes information based on location
Usually goes from a larger area to a smaller area
Leads the audience through the information as if giving a tour
Good for describing physical locations
Spacial ExampleI. Downtown Waterfront
AquariumPike Place Market
II. Seattle CenterSpace NeedlePacific Science Center
III. University DistrictUniversity of Washington campusThe "Ave" (Shops on University Avenue)
Compare-ContrastTakes two or more things and discusses their
similarities and differencesStill divided by topic (for example: size, color,
uses)Useful for discussing two similar, but
different subjects
C/C ExampleColleges
I. Cost of Tuition Two-year Four-year
II. Quality of Education Two-year Four-year
III. Educational Programs Two-year Four-year
Advantage/DisadvantageLooks at a single topic
Discusses the “good” and “bad” aspects in each paragraph
Usually used in personal opinion writingUsually good for OBJECTIVE writing
Objective: without personal persuasion or bias
A/D ExampleStill Talking about College
I. Advantages Cost Accessibility
II. Disadvantages Number of educational programs Quality of instruction
Problem/SolutionAddresses a single subjectDivides main body into two sections
ProblemSolution
Useful for writing about topical issues and persuasive writing
P/S ExampleI. Problem: Motorized Transportation
Increasing traffic congestionIncreasing pollutionIncreasing "road rage" from traffic-related stress
II. Solution: Riding BicyclesBike riding reduces the number of motorized
vehicles in useBike riding is not a source of pollutionBike riding has physical and psychological
health benefits
Topical OrganizationTakes a very broad subject and breaks it
down into specific sub-topicsUsed for very general informative writing
about very large topicsEach sub-topic provides similar information
to maintain consistency in writing
Topical Example I. Red Wines
A. European Bordeaux Burgundy Chianti
B. Californian Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot Noir Zinfandel
II. White Wines A. European
Bordeaux Burgundy Mosel
B. Californian Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay Riesling
Your Task!Complete an outline for the following topicsPlan as if you’re writing a four paragraph
essay about the topics1. A paper discussing three different types of
sports2. Writing about your first day of school in
Bloomington3. Discuss how you would solve the problem of
gross food being served at your school for lunch