8730146 Alternative Energy by PhD Atta Ur Rahman

8/13/2019 8730146 Alternative Energy by PhD Atta Ur Rahman

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VISION

Economic development is no longerdependent on natural resources(eg.Japan,European countries)

KNOWLEDGEhas now become the maindriving force of world economies andhence the basis of socio-economicdevelopment

INDUSTRIALIZATION is the key to highGDP growth (through production & exportof high value-added goods (engineeringgoods,pharmaceuticals,IT,Biotechnology,etc.)


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The World Today

Over 6 billion people inhabit the earth, an increase of 140

per cent over the past fifty years

One Fifth of humanity survive on less than one dollar a

day

About 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water

7.7 million children die before their first birthday

25% of 4,630 mammal species and 11% of 9,675 bird

species are on the verge of complete extinction

20-30% population of Sub-Saharan Africa is HIV positive.


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Living in a Changing World-----

the only constant is change

New biology is decoding the blue print of life,

learning to manage the placement and

expression of genes and mobilizing

microorganisms to do our work for the

production of new products

New innovations are altering and expanding

the notions of development.


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Living in a Changing World

Technology is the great divider---

the rich are getting richer and the

poor, poorer

World is inflicted with poverty,

hunger, disease, conflicts, violence,

& economic uncertainty


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The Growing Gap

Investment in Health Research

Out of over 1,400 new medicines introduced in

clinical use in last 25 years, only 14 were fortropical diseases (poor mansdiseases)


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Exciting Horizons

Genomics---plant and animal structure

The living cellcancer, ageing

Neuroscience, The human brain---the final frontier?

Apoptosis ,structure-function relationships---new species!!

Material Sciences (nano-science)

Alternative energy (Hydrogen fuel cells, biomass-Amsterdam,wind, water, solar)

Robotics, machine intelligence

Dark matter---Higgs boson---birth of universe---black holes


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NANOTECHNOLOGY


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MATERIAL SCIENCES


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MOLECULAR MEDICINE


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


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SPACE

SCIENCES


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GDP OF ISLAMIC WORLD

THE TOTAL GDP OF ALL OIC MEMBERCOUNTRIES IS ONLY USD 1200bln---LESSTHAN HALF OF GERMANY(USD 2500bln)

AND LESS THAN A QUARTER OF JAPAN

(USD 5000bln)!!!----INSPITE OF OURHAVING OVER 70% OF THE WORLDSENERGY RESOURCES AND A QUARTEROF THE WORLDS POPULATION

JAPAN HAS VIRTUALLY NO NATURALRESOURCES BUT OVER 1000 UNIVERSITIES(OVER 120 IN TOKYO ALONE)----IN CONTRASTONLY ABOUT 500 UNIVERSITIES IN ISLAMIC

WORLD!!


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Source: Strategy for the Development of Science & Technology in Islamic Countries

Expenditure on Defense,Health and R & D (Asian OIC Countries)

4.1

1.4

0.3

0

1

2

3

4

5% of GDP


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Expenditure on Defense,Health and R & D (African OIC Countries)

3

2

0.1

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Defense Health R & D

% of GDP

Source: Strategy for the Development of Science & Technology in Islamic Countries


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Strategy forEconomic Development HE,S&T

11069.2Iran

13919.6Saudi Arabia

1524.4Norway

OIC Countries

95150Pakistan

18565.7Turkey

1745.3Denmark

2088.1Austria

24810.2Belgium

Knowledge Based Economies

GDP(Billion US$)

Population(Million)Country

Source: Human Development Report 2001


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Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan -Transition from Agriculture to

Knowledge-Based Economies

1960 : Over 50% of GDP contributed by

Agriculture.

2000 : Only 5-10% of GDP contributed byAgriculture, Over 50% of GDPcontributed by Engineering Goods,Electronics, etc.

12


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Korea: A Direct Correlation BetweenTechnical Manpower and Exports

1960 1970 1980 1990 2001

Higher Education

Enrollment 5% 8.7% 16% 37.7% 68%

Exports

US$ (Millions) 32 660 17,21 63,212 150,439

10


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It is possible for countries to catch up (eg. East AsianTigers, China etc.)

Chinas Strategy---the Five Pillars

a) Massive Human Resource Development

b) Highest priority to Science & Technology

c) Promotion of Hi-Tech Industries

d) Emphasis on Value-added Agriculturee) Self-reliance in Defense Manufacturing

Last two hundred years: One key lesson:

3


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Manufacturing can be done anywhere

Designing can be done anywhere

INVESTMENT WILL FLOW INTO A COUNTRY ONLY IF ITHAS:

o Manpower with the right skills and productivity

o Infrastructure

o Stable law and order

21st Century is further characterized by twomain ideas:

Based upon Globalization and the Death of PhysicalDistance

4


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In the new century, innovations in science andtechnology will be key not only to health of the

environment but to miraculous improvements in thequality of our lives and advances in theeconomy.

PRESIDENT OF USA

State of the Union Address, Jan 27, 2000

.The three top priorities of my governmentareEDUCATION, EDUCATION & EDUCATION..

Tony Blair

Policy Announcement 2000


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Impact of just one institution----MIT

MIT graduates and faculty have founded4000 companies

Employ: 1.1 million people

Annual Sales: $232 billion

GDP contribution: $116 billion

Collectively these companies are the 24thlargest economy in the World!


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Requirements for sustained

equitable development

Human capital manifested in knowledge andskills

Innovation and entrepreneurship

Macro-economic stability

Strong public institutions

2


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Imperatives for Socio-Economic

Development

Socio-Economic

Development

Central Role of Higher Education/

Technology Development

In National Plans--

VISION!!!!

Linkages Between Applied Research

& Industrial Development

Govt.Facilitating Policies

Quality /Relevance

Of Education/Research

STANDARDS!!

Budgetary Allocations

(Min.2% of GNP)-

The-catch-up game!

Gl b l l ti f bi t h


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Source: Internat ional Service for the Acqu is i t ion o f Agr i -b iotech Appl icat ions

Global plantings of biotech cropsincreased by 12 percent in 2002

58.7

52.6

1.7 11

27.8

44.2

39.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Global Area of GM Crops

M

illionHecta

res

Products on the market 25


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Engineering Goods

WorldMarkets, 2004

US$ (B)

Electronics / Home Appliances / Components 1,500

Pharmaceutical / chemicals 630

Automotive Industry 600Contract Manufacturing / Outsourcing 186

Ceramics 83

Surgical /Electro Medical Instruments 30

Fan Industry 2.6

World Engineering Sector

63% of world trade is in manufactured goods, and electronics hasmajor share of it.

39

WORLD ELECTRONICS


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Major Opportunities: Contract Manufacturing: US$ 186 b (2004), US$ 500 b (2010).

ICTs: ~US$ 130B worldwide

Electronics / Chip Design : US$ 90 b in 2004

Software development :US$ 1300 by 2006

Electronics Services ( call centres, digital archiving)

WORLD ELECTRONICS:

Shift in Markets / Production by Region & Sector

World Markets: 2004: US$ 1500 b; (~90% in N. Amer, EU, Japan)

2006-07: US$ 1900 b: Their share wil l fal l to ~70%

Major Share: Consumer Electronics, Computers, Telecoms.

SHIFT TO CHINA ~22% of world p rodu ct ion in 2004

41


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Pakistan---A Promising Program

S&T Budget increased 6000%!!!

Higher Education budget increased 1,200%!!!

Full support from President of Pakistan

A real beginning after 50 years of lip service


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Overarching Approach

Simultaneous Bi-Modal ApproachRequired

Bottom-UpBasic Health, Primary Education, Water .

Top-DownHigher Education

Technology DevelopmentIndustrial Linkages


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S&T PROGRAMMES

Basic Sciences (physics, maths,chemistry, biology)

Applied Sciences(Engineering,Information Technology, Biotechnology,Material Sciences, Energy etc.)

Entrepreneurship/InnovationIndustrial Parks/Technology Incubators


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HEC Plan of ActionACCESS / QUALITY / RELEVANCE

Faculty Development

Infrastructure(Free Access to LiteratureFree Access to Sophisticated Instruments,Technology Assisted Learning)

Focused Support in Key Areas

Linkages to the Economy

Quality Assurance

Chi

400 Ci i


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822 cities on the Internet

2002

Iran

Afghanistan

India

China

400 Cities on

Optical Fibre

up

from 40, two yearsagoSDH/PDH(525/622 Mb/s)

backbone being

upgraded to

DWDM

10 Gb/s

Going to 600cities and Towns

in the next 12

months


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August 14, 2000

29 Cities


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FASTEST INTERNETSPREAD!!

97% of thepopulation

UNCTAD

report 2003

>35%

ahead of

regional

countries!!

Oct 2003:1600 locations

97% Population Access to

the Internet

UNCTAD Report 2003


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UNCTAD Report 2003Information & Communications Technology development

Index

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

America United Kingdom Japan Korea

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Malaysia Pakistan India Bangladesh

Connectivity Access Policy ICT Diffusion


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Plummeting costs.

Cost /E1

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Mar-0

0

May-00

Jul-0

0

Sep-00

Nov-00

Jan-01

Mar-0

1

May-01

US

$

Cost /E1

Start point

Today

June 2000:US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001:US$ 6,000

October 2004 : US$ 3,800

Aiming for US$ 2,500/2 Mb/s IP!


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Internet user growth

Internet users

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,0001,000,000

Jan-95

Jan-96

Jan-97

Jan-98

Jan-99

Jan-00

Jan-01

Jan-02

Internet users

Start point

Today

June 2000:130,000 Oct2004: 6,800,000

Actual users

more than 6

Million!

Dial up

C


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Cellular explosion

Cellular Users

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

J

an-95

J

an-96

J

an-97

J

an-98

J

an-99

J

an-00

J

an-01

J

an-02

CellularUsers

Cellular Users

Start point

Today

CPP

Jan 2001:225,000 Oct2004:3, 550,000

Multiplied 500% in the last 18

months as compared to thewhole of the last 11 years


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Paksat 1

Ku Band

C-Band


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PAKSAT 1A major opportunity

PAKSAT 1

A MAJOR COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITEWITH 34 TRANSPONDERS

CAPABLE OF CARRYING 250 TVCHANNELS!!( 4 New TV Channels for

Education!)

BACKBONE FOR PERN (Pakistan

Educational Researh Network)

INCENTIVES TO


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INCENTIVES TOSCIENTISTS/ACADEMICS

RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY ALLOWANCE(National Ranking System Introduced)

TENURE TRACK SYSTEM(salaries 4 times

that of government ministers !)

MASSIVE RESEARCH FUNDING (upto Usd100,000 per project, USD 600,000 per

international linkage program)

50%REDUCTION OF INCOME TAX


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Faculty DevelopmentDevelop a strong base of Ph.D. level

highly qualified faculty

Indigenous Scholarship Program(200 to1500/yr.)Foreign Faculty Hiring---reversing the braindrain! (249 have returned---others coming!)Foreign Ph.D. Scholarship Program(sending15,000 students for Ph.D. level trainingContractual tenure track system---internationalassessment


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PERN ---App l icat ions

Digital LibraryAccess to Information

Virtual University

Satellite Internet DeliveryRemote Lecture Program

University Information Management

System


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Results

44% Increase in ISI abstractedpublications----rate of increase highest inIslamic world

Young men and women have startedopting to adopt careers in S&T subjects asfirst choice

Landscape of Universities has begun tochange


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Keys to Success

Courage to dream great dreamsand hardwork/tenacity to transform them in to realityIdentifying and grooming the brightest

manpower---merit based systemFocusing on cutting edge technologies inmarket oriented disciplinesMoving fast!but--- sense of urgency must be

combined with striving for perfectionOptimism---Taking failures as challengesFocus----Focus-----Focus !!


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I di t A ti b I t ti l


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ImmediateActionsby InternationalCommunity (contd)

ProvideAccess to International Journals/DataBasesas part of Developmental assistance (oras policy eg.HINARI)

Promote Distance LearningPromote free access to internationallectures/lecture materials( MIT OpenCourseware ) to be replicated

Subsidize publishersfor selling cheap text booksin developing countries

I t ti l C t


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International Comments

Editorial in Nature----29th

January 2004:

Rahman has convinced Musharraf and a deluge of

money and new initiatives has poured out. Ministry of Science

and Technology s annual budget has increased 60 fo ld

compared with 1999; researchers have an opportunity to morethan double their earnings i f they publ ish more in peer-

reviewed journals; funds have been released for many more

Ph.Ds. to be trained at home and abroad; plans are well under

way for a free digital library for all educational institutions;

there is a new scheme to attract researchers from overseas to work inPakistan---------------------------------------------------------------------------


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Thank you

Documents

8730146 Alternative Energy by PhD Atta Ur Rahman