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Geothermal greenhouses The Dutch case

Low temperatures High performance

Agenda

Introduction TNO

Geothermal energy the Earths heat

The current state of geothermal energy worldwide

Being practical: High and low temperature geothermal

energy High temperature geothermal in Indonesia

Best practices of the Netherlands

Ex ortin ex erience: Makin eothermal ener

more effective worldwide

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Introducing TNOs 5 core areas

TNO Quality oflife

TNO Defence,Security andSafety

TNO Builtenvironmentand Geo-Sciences

TNO InformationandCommunicationTechnology

TNO ScienceandTechnology

Geo-Energy and Geo-Information

- Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

- Geothermal Energy

Use of renewable energy sources which emit no (or little) CO2

Using the earths heat

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What is geothermal energy?

The earths heat =

Radioactive deca of

elements

Average global geothermal

gradient = 30 C/km

Emission Scenarios

By 2050 10% of all r enewables is estimated to be covered b y geothermal energy (MIT/TNO)

Geothermal can contribute u p to 2-3% of total CO2 emission reduction

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Heatflow in the continental lithosphereRing of fire

MIT-report (2008) EGS can foresee on 10% of electricity demand in 2050

Geothermal WorldwideBleiswijk (The Netherlands)

Blue Lagoon (Iceland)

West Ford Flat(California)

Kamojang,(Indonesia)

Larderell o, 1904 (Italy)

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Geo-sausage

Current Geothermal Energy p lants in the world

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Geothermal Potential World-wide (IGA,2001)

Conversions of power costs into CO2 reduction costs

Renew able Extra Coal Natural Gas Coal Natural

Carbon Intensity Displaced Cost of CO2 Reduction

($/MWh)-

C/MWh)-

C/MWh-

$/Tonne-C)

Biomass gasification orother advanced

biomass

$10.00 0.264 0.090 $37.93 $111.11

Wind $10.00 0.264 0.090 $37.93 $111.11

. . . . .

Solar Thermal $47.00 0.264 0.090 $178.28 $522.22

Solar Photo-voltaics $14.00 0.264 0.090 $53.10 $155.56

Treepower (2008)

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Self-sufficiency and savings

Renewables like geothermal energy allow countries to becomeless dependent on fossil fuels

Rising gas and oil prices make geothermal energy economicallyviable

In rural areas geothermal allows modern energy services to beavailable and creates employment

In urban areas clean energy supply for e.g. city heating/air-

con t on ng

European Geothermal Energy Council

EU objectives for 2010

Current trend

EGEC target

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The geothermal energy family

Summarizing

Geothermal Electricity (high temperature)

Geothermal Heating (low temperature)

High temperature geothermal energy

To generate electricity

The geothermal energy family : High Temperature

Location: West Java Surface area:100 km2

Proved 1926 Production 1983- to date

For instance: Indonesia

Potential: 26000 MW Currently installed: 1000 MW

Steam production >200 C 200 MWe

Proposed program: 4800 MW; Generates over 800.000 jobs Expected benefits 600 mln - 1 bln

based on current price levels

(Bappenas, 2009)

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The geothermal energy family

High temperature geothermal energy

o genera e e ec r c y

However, dont forget:

Low temperature geothermal energy

Direct utilization for e.g. city heating, greenhouses and

food conservation

The geothermal energy family:Low temperature

Large potential in low-temperaturegeothermal energy in the Netherlands

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Heating greenhouses with geothermal technology

Temperature 60 C

Flow rate 160 m3/h

Capacity 4-5 MWth

Heating 7 ha of tomatogreen house

Avoi ding 3 mil lio n m 3 ofgas per yr

Investment costs

6 mEur

Supplying a neighborhood with geothermal heat

3800 houses

2000 m2 office space

Cooperating with municipality, hous ing associations, energy

companies

Realization 2009 - 2011

The Hague South-West

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Exporting experience: Making geothermalenergy more effective worldwide

Merging high-temperature

practices with low temperature

possibilities for maximum

efficiency

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Thank you for yourattention

TNO and geothermal energy

ThermoGis: Database-application that maps the

subsurface for defining potential locations for

geothermal energy and their specific characteristics.

Techno-Economic Performance Analysis tool(feasibility study)

Geo-mechanic monitorin : subsurface movement, risk

assessment