7.LTE Marketing and RF Measurement

LTE

Market and LTE RF measurement

Clark LinApplication and system supportRohde & Schwarz, Taiwan

Auguest 2011 | LTE Market View | 2

2013/20142009/2010

Technology evolution pathGSM/GPRS

EDGE, 200 kHzDL: 473 kbpsUL: 473 kbps

EDGEevoDL: 1.9 MbpsUL: 947 kbps

HSDPA, 5 MHzDL: 14.4 MbpsUL: 2.0 Mbps

HSPA, 5 MHzDL: 14.4 MbpsUL: 5.76 Mbps

HSPA+, R7DL: 28.0 MbpsUL: 11.5 Mbps

2005/2006 2007/2008 2011/2012

HSPA+, R8DL: 42.0 MbpsUL: 11.5 Mbps

cdma2000

1xEV-DO, Rev. 0 1.25 MHzDL: 2.4 MbpsUL: 153 kbps

1xEV-DO, Rev. A 1.25 MHzDL: 3.1 MbpsUL: 1.8 Mbps

1xEV-DO, Rev. B 5.0 MHzDL: 14.7 MbpsUL: 4.9 Mbps

HSPA+, R9DL: 84 MbpsUL: 23 Mbps

DO-AdvancedDL: 32 Mbps and beyondUL: 12.4 Mbps and beyond

LTE-Advanced R10DL: 1 Gbps (low mobility)UL: 500 Mbps

Fixed WiMAXscalable bandwidth1.25 28 MHztypical up to 15 Mbps

Mobile WiMAX, 802.16eUp to 20 MHz DL: 75 Mbps (2x2)UL: 28 Mbps (1x2)

Advanced MobileWiMAX, 802.16mDL: up to 1 Gbps (low mobility)UL: up to 100 Mbps

VAMOSDouble SpeechCapacity

HSPA+, R10DL: 84 MbpsUL: 23 Mbps

LTE (4x4), R8+R9, 20MHzDL: 300 MbpsUL: 75 Mbps

UMTSDL: 2.0 MbpsUL: 2.0 Mbps


Commercial LTE Networks26 commercial LTE systems are launched (09/2011)

MetroPCS(Sept 2010)

Telia Sonera(Dec 2009)

MTS/UCell(July/August 10)

Mobyland / CenterNet

(Sept 2010)

MobilkomAustria

(Oct 2010)

Net4Mobility (Nov 2010)

Verizon(Dec 2010)

NTTDoCoMo(Dec 2010)

Vodafone(Dec 2010)

Elisa(Dec 2010)

CSL(Nov 2010)


LTE commercial network - details


l Verizon Wireless Launches The Worlds Largest 4G LTE Wireless Network On Sunday, Dec. 5, 2010

l Verizon 4G LTE is available in over 117 markets and 98 major airportsl Plans to two-third of US population by mid-year 2012,and cover entire

existing nationwide 3G footprint with 4G LTE by end of 2013.l Verizon Wireless announced that Rohde & Schwarz

has been selected to provide test solutions for LTE device certification,http://news.vzw.com/news/2010/02/pr2010-02-16r.html

Verizon Wireless4G LTE


Verizon Wireless4G LTE Phone


Germany Digital DividendLTE 800 - Broadband Access in rural areas

l Deutsche Telekom starts nation wide LTE-Deployment Commercially launched their Call & Surf Comfort via FunkLTE service package in digital dividend (800 MHz) spectrum on April 5, 2011.

l Vodafone Germany to deploy LTE networkl Launched the first rural LTE mobile broadband

service across Germany on December 1, 2010. l Around 1,500 base stations incorporated LTE

technology by end March 2011, serving thousands of communities. LTE pilot locations have been established in Berlin. Vodafone plans to eventually upgrade all base stations in Germany to LTE.


LTE - front runners pushing the wireless industry

l NTT DOCOMOLaunched Japans first commercial LTE system on December 24, 2010The company said that voice calls using Xi will become possible sometime within the fiscal year starting in April 2011Xi service was initially available in the Tokyo, Nagoya andOsaka areas; other major cities and regions will follow.

l China MobileChina Mobile has now launched large-scale LTE TDD trials consisting of more than 1,000 base stations in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Xiamen. Commercial services are expected to launch in 2012.


The LTE eco-system is building upLTE FDD and TD-LTE

l Several LTE platforms have been announced by device and chipset manufacturers and were demonstrated to carriers and at trade shows

l Single mode (LTE) and multi mode (LTE/HSPA) modems are in the market

l All major infrastructure vendoroffer commercial equipment


The LTE eco-system is building upLTE FDD and TD-LTE 161 LTE User Devices (July 29, 2011)

LTE Technology Introduction and LTE RF Measurement


Contentl Introduction of LTE technologyl Test Requirement for LTEl LTE RF measurement


Introduction ofLTE technology


LTE Key Parameter

Multi-user collaborative MIMO

Wide choice of MIMO configuration options for transmit diversity, spatial multiplexing, and cyclic delay diversity (max. 4 antennas at base station and handset)

Downlink

75 Mbps (20 MHz)

150 Mbps (UE category 4, 2x2 MIMO, 20 MHz)300 Mbps (UE category 5, 4x4 MIMO, 20 MHz)Downlink

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)DownlinkSC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access)

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAMDownlinkQPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM ( optional for handset)

Uplink

MIMO technology

UplinkPeak Data Rate

UplinkMultiple Access

UplinkModulation Schemes

100 RB75 RB50 RB25 RB15 RB6 RB

20 MHz15 MHz10 MHz5 MHz3 MHz1.4 MHzChannel bandwidth 1 Resource Block (RB)=180 kHz

UMTS FDD bands and UMTS TDD bandsFrequency Range


LTE UE categories (downlink and uplink)

436672001513763027525

21827072753761507524

21237248753761020483

2123724851024510242

125036810296102961

Maximum number of supported layers for

spatial multiplexing in DL

Total numberof soft

channel bits

Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received a TTI

Maximum number of DL-SCH transport block bits received within TTI

UE category

MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple OutputUL-SCH = Uplink Shared ChannelDL-SCH = Downlink Shared ChannelUE = User EquipmentTTI = Transmission Time Interval

Yes753765

No510244

No510243

No254562

No51601

Support 64QAMin UL

Maximum number of UL-SCH transport block bits received within TTI

UE category~300 Mbps

peak DL data rate for 4x4 MIMO

~75 Mbps peakUL data rate

~150 Mbps peak DL data rate

for 2x2 MIMO


Spectrum flexibility

TransmissionBandwidth [RB]

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]

Resource block

Channel edge

Channel edge

DC carrier (downlink only)Active Resource Blocks

10075502515 6Number of resource blocks

20151053 1.4Channel bandwidth BWChannel [MHz]

l LTE physical layer /FDD/TDD) supports any bandwidth from 1.4 to 20 MHz,

l Current LTE specification supports a subset of 6 different system bandwidths,

l All UEs can support the maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz,


3600 MHz-3510 MHz3500 MHz-3410 MHz22

1510.9 MHz-1495.9 MHz1462.9 MHz-1447.9 MHz21

821 MHz-791 MHz862 MHz-832 MHz20

E-UTRAOperating

Band

890 MHz875 MHz845 MHz830 MHz19


746 MHz734 MHz716 MHz704 MHz 17




1500.9 MHz1475.9 MHz1452.9 MHz1427.9 MHz 11

2170 MHz2110 MHz1770 MHz1710 MHz10

1879.9 MHz1844.9 MHz1784.9 MHz1749.9 MHz9


2690 MHz2620 MHz2570 MHz2500 MHz7


894MHz869 MHz849 MHz824 MHz5

2155 MHz2110 MHz1755 MHz 1710 MHz4

1880 MHz1805 MHz1785 MHz1710 MHz 3

1990 MHz1930 MHz1910 MHz1850 MHz 2

2170 MHz2110 MHz 1980 MHz1920 MHz 1

FDL_low FDL_highFUL_low FUL_high

Downlink (DL) operating bandBS transmit UE receive

Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive UE transmit

LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD)


3600 MHz-3510 MHz3500 MHz-3410 MHz22

1510.9 MHz-1495.9 MHz1462.9 MHz-1447.9 MHz21

821 MHz-791 MHz862 MHz-832 MHz20

E-UTRAOperating

Band



746 MHz734 MHz716 MHz704 MHz 17




1500.9 MHz1475.9 MHz1452.9 MHz1427.9 MHz 11

2170 MHz2110 MHz1770 MHz1710 MHz10

1879.9 MHz1844.9 MHz1784.9 MHz1749.9 MHz9


2690 MHz2620 MHz2570 MHz2500 MHz7



2155 MHz2110 MHz1755 MHz 1710 MHz4

1880 MHz1805 MHz1785 MHz1710 MHz 3

1990 MHz1930 MHz1910 MHz1850 MHz 2

2170 MHz2110 MHz 1980 MHz1920 MHz 1




LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD) Prioritized GCF frequency bands for LTE

Europe

Europe

US Verizon

Japan, (Europe)

Europe, (Asia)USAsia


3600 MHz-3510 MHz3500 MHz-3410 MHz22

1510.9 MHz-1495.9 MHz1462.9 MHz-1447.9 MHz21

821 MHz-791 MHz862 MHz-832 MHz20

E-UTRAOperating

Band



746 MHz734 MHz716 MHz704 MHz 17




1500.9 MHz1475.9 MHz1452.9 MHz1427.9 MHz 11

2170 MHz2110 MHz1770 MHz1710 MHz10

1879.9 MHz1844.9 MHz1784.9 MHz1749.9 MHz9


2690 MHz2620 MHz2570 MHz2500 MHz7



2155 MHz2110 MHz1755 MHz 1710 MHz4

1880 MHz1805 MHz1785 MHz1710 MHz 3

1990 MHz1930 MHz1910 MHz1850 MHz 2

2170 MHz2110 MHz 1980 MHz1920 MHz 1




LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (FDD) Prioritized PTCRB frequency bands for LTE

USUS VerizonUSUS AT&T

US, Metro PCSAsia

US, Sprint

US, Europe


LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (TDD)

2400 MHz2300 MHz 2400 MHz2300 MHz 40

3600 MHz3400 MHz 3600 MHz3400 MHz 42

2690 MHz2496 MHz 2690 MHz2496 MHz 41

E-UTRAOperating

Band

3800 MHz3600 MHz 3800 MHz3600 MHz 43

1920 MHz1880 MHz 1920 MHz1880 MHz 39

2620 MHz2570 MHz2620 MHz2570 MHz 38

1930 MHz1910 MHz1930 MHz1910 MHz 37

1990 MHz1930 MHz1990 MHz1930 MHz 36

1910 MHz1850 MHz1910 MHz1850 MHz 35

2025 MHz2010 MHz 2025 MHz 2010 MHz34

1920 MHz1900 MHz1920 MHz1900 MHz33





LTE/LTE-A Frequency Bands (TDD)

2400 MHz2300 MHz 2400 MHz2300 MHz 40

3600 MHz3400 MHz 3600 MHz3400 MHz 42

2690 MHz2496 MHz 2690 MHz2496 MHz 41

E-UTRAOperating

Band

3800 MHz3600 MHz 3800 MHz3600 MHz 43

1920 MHz1880 MHz 1920 MHz1880 MHz 39

2620 MHz2570 MHz2620 MHz2570 MHz 38

1930 MHz1910 MHz1930 MHz1910 MHz 37

1990 MHz1930 MHz1990 MHz1930 MHz 36

1910 MHz1850 MHz1910 MHz1850 MHz 35

2025 MHz2010 MHz 2025 MHz 2010 MHz34

1920 MHz1900 MHz1920 MHz1900 MHz33




GCFprioritizedfrequencybands for

LTE

Europe, China

China


Test Requirement for LTE


3GPP LTE Performance and Test Specificationsl Performance Specifications:

l TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionl TS 36.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionl TS 36.133 Requirements for support of radio resource management

(RRM)l Test Specifications BS:

l TS36.141 Base Station (BS) conformance testingl Test Specifications UE:

l TS 36.521-1 (TX/RX/Performance requirements) Chapter 6 and 7 covers both FDD and TDD. Section 8 covers performance requirement test cases. The structure follows

the structure of TS 36.101 and separate FDD and TDD test case.l TS 36.521-3 (RRM)


Test Requirementl Basically, test criteria of LTE UE follows

l TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionl TS 36.521-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio

transmission and reception Part 1: Conformance Testing

l Test items scopel Transmitterl Receiverl Performancel Channel State Information


Transmitter Characteristic


Transmitter CharacteristicTransmitter Characteristics

6.6.2.3.1 Minimum requirement E-UTRA6.6.2.3.2 Minimum requirements UTRA6.6.2.4 Additional ACLR requirements

6.6.3.2 Spurious emission band UE co-existence6.6.3.3 Additional spurious emissions6.6.3.3.1 Minimum requirement (network signalled value "NS_05")

Minimum requirement (network signalled value NS_[08])6.7 Transmit intermodulation

6.6.2.3 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio

6.6.3 Spurious emissions

Minimum requirement (network signalled value NS_07)6.6.3.3.26.6.3.3.3


Receiver Characteristic

R&S CMW500Wideband Radio Communication TesterLTE RF Testing


Measurements as usual?No! Multi-evaluation measurement for LTE FDD/TDD

Power, power control

Modulation

Spectrum

Resource AllocationTable


Details LTE FDD and TD-LTE multi evaluation Tx measurements KM500, KM550l Supported measurements Modulation (see 3GPP TS36.521 9.2.x)

l EVM vs. sub-carrierl EVM, Magnitude error and Phase error vs. SC-FDMA Symboll EVM, Magnitude error and Phase error per slotl Frequency Errorl IQ Origin Offsetl Spectrum flatnessl IQ Constellation diagraml Inband emissions


Spectral flatness

f

f0 f2f1 f3

Nominal subcarriers

Equalized subcarriers

Amplitude Equalizercoefficients

Integration of allAmplitude Equalizer Coefficients to displayspectral flatness curve


Spectral flatness


EVM vs. subcarrier

f

f0 f2f1 f3

Nominal subcarriers

Each subcarrier Modulated withe.g. QPSK

. . . .

Integration of allError Vectors to Display EVM curve

Error vector

Error vector

Limits: BPSK+QPSK (17.5%),16QAM (12.5%), 64QAM (tbd)


EVM vs. subcarrier


l 3 modulation accuracy requirementsl EVM for the allocated RBsl LO leakage for the centered RBsl I/Q imbalance in the image RBs

Impact on Tx modulation accuracy evaluation

frequency

RF carrier

RB0 RB1 RBN-1 RBN

Power level IQ component

EVM, Spectrum flatness

Frequency error |f| = 0.1ppm+15Hz

In-band emissions


In-band emissions measurement

Used allocation < channel bandwidth

Channel bandwidth (e.g. 20 MHz = 100 RB)

l Estimate the interference to non-allocated resource blocks, as the UE shares transmission bandwidth with other UEs, l 3 types of in-band emissions: general, DC image and IQ image.


Modulation quality: Constellation diagram

LTE PUSCH uses QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM modulation schemes. In UL there is only 1 schemeallowed per subframe


Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)EVM vs. symbol

TimeFr

eque

ncy

1 SC-FDMA symbol1 Time Slot = 0.5 ms 7 SC-FDMA symbols (normal Cyclic Prefix (CP))

1 subframe = 1 ms [minimum Transmit Time Interval (TTI)]


Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)EVM vs. Symbol How is this EVM measured?

EVMhighEVMlow


Details LTE FDD and TD-LTE multi evaluation Tx measurements KM500, KM550l Supported measurements Power

l Peak Power (displayed in modulation measurements)l RB (recourse block) Power (displayed in Inband Emission meas.)l Transmit Power (displayed in modulation and SEM meas.)l Power vs. Subframe


Tx power aspectsRB power = Ressource Block Power, power of 1 RBTX power = integrated power of all assigned RBs

TX power value correspondsto the maximum UE output power depending on the settings!


Power vs. Subframe

l Basically power vs. Time measurementl Power can change on

TTI base(Subframe base)

l Analyse uplink power distribution


Details LTE FDD and TD-LTE multi evaluation Tx measurements KM500, KM550l Supported measurements Spectrum (see 3GPP TS36.521 9.2.x)

l Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)l Occupied Bandwidth (OBW)l Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)


Output RF spectrum emissions

Spurious domain

RB

Channel bandwidth Spurious domain fOOB fOOB

E-UTRA Band

From modulation

process

Harmonics, parasitcemissions,

intermodulation and frequency conversion

Worst case:Resource Blocks allocated

up to/at channel edge

ACLRSEM


LTE ACLR requirementsl UTRA ACLR 1+2 two 3G neighbors 5MHz eachl EUTRA ACLR one LTE neighbor up to 20MHzl EUTRA measured with rectangular filter

WCDMA measured with RRC filter

E-UTRAACLR1 UTRA ACLR2 UTRAACLR1

RB

E-UTRA channel

fOOB


Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio, ACLR

2 adjacent WCDMAcarriers, 5MHz BW

1 adjacent LTEcarrier, 20MHz BW

Active LTEcarrier, 20MHz BW


Spectrum Emission Mask, SEM

99%

OBW: Occupied bandwidth, defined as 99% of power spectal density

1 MHz RBW

SEM: Spectrum Emission Mask, measured with different resolution bandwidth, 1 MHz (away from carrier) or 30 kHz (close to carrier) RBW

30 kHz RBW


SEM limit definition

1 MHz-25 20-25

1 MHz-13 -25 15-20

1 MHz-13 -13 -25 10-15

1 MHz-13 -13 -13-25 6-10

1 MHz-13-13-13-13-25 5-6

1 MHz-10 -10-10-10-10-25 2.5-5

1 MHz-10 -10-10-10-10-10 1-2.5

30 kHz -21-20-18-15 -13-10 0-1

Measurement bandwidth

20MHz

15MHz

10MHz

5MHz

3.0MHz

1.4MHz

fOOB(MHz)

Spectrum emission limit (dBm)/ Channel bandwidth

Limits depend on channel bandwidth

Limitsdependent on offset from assigned BW


time

frequency

QP

SK

, 16Q

AM

or 6

4QA

M m

odul

atio

nQ

PS

K, 1

6QA

M o

r 64Q

AM

mod

ulat

ion

UE1UE1

UE4UE4

UE3UE3

UE2UE2

UE5UE5

UE6UE6

*TTI = transmission time interval** For normal cyclic prefix duration

1 resource block =180 kHz = 12 subcarriers

1 slot = 0.5 ms = 7 SC-FDMA symbols** 1 subframe = 2 slots = 1ms= 1 TTI*

Subcarrier spacing = 15 kHz

Additional measurement RB allocation tablefrequency

time


Additional measurement RB allocation table

l Recource Block allocationl UL recource block allocation

can change flexible over timel Depending on schedulingl E.g. used RMC settings

frequency

time

20MHz channel BW = 100 RBs max


Details LTE FDD signaling Rx Measurements

l Rx MeasurementsCounting

ACKnowledgement(ACK)

NonACKnowledgement(NACK)

l CalculatingBLER (NACK/ALL)Throughput [kbps]

l FlexibilityChange paramters directly the measurement on the fly


RX sensitivity level

FDD-97-100--6

FDD-95-98-100.2-104.25

FDD-94-95.2-97-100-102.2-106.24

FDD-91-92.2-94-97 -99.2-103.23

FDD-92-93.2-95-98 -100.2-104.22

FDD-94 -95.2 -97-100--1

Duplex Mode

20 MHz(dBm)

15 MHz(dBm)

10 MHz(dBm)

5 MHz(dBm)

3 MHz(dBm)

1.4 MHz(dBm)E-UTRA

Channel bandwidth

Criterion: throughput shall be > 95% of possible maximum(depend on RMC)

Sensitivity depends on band, channel bandwidth and RMC

under test

Extract from TS 36.521


CMW500 LTE CMWrun

l CMWrun CMW-KT055 allows automated test of supported 36.521 test cases

l Automatically takescare about the 3GPP V9.5.0depending on installed SW version

Documents

7.LTE Marketing and RF Measurement