72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting (English).pdf

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72 Frequently Asked Questions

about Participatory Budgeting

U R B A N G O V E R N A N C E T O O L K I T S E R I E S



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28



29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

GLOBAL CAMPAIGN

ON URBAN GOVERNANCE

72 Frequently Asked Questionsabout Participatory Budgeting































Brazil Latin America elsewhere Europe

Alvorada Cotacachi Córdoba

Belo Horizonte Cuenca Saint-Denis

Campinas IloCaxias do Sul Montevideo

Icapuí Villa El Salvador

Porto Alegre

São Paulo



UNDP • UN-HABITAT • URBAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

G e n e r a l

Qu e s t i o n s

I.C H A P T E R















26

72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting

GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE

Box 2:

Websites on Participatory Budgeting

BrazilRecifehttp://www.recife.pe.gov.br

Porto Alegrehttp://www.portoalegre.rs.gov.br

Belémhttp://www.prefeituradebelem.com.br

Belo Horizonte

http://www.prata.pbh.gov.br Santo Andréhttp://www.santoandre.sp.gov.br

Campinashttp://www.campinas.sp.gov.br

Alvoradahttp://www.alvorada.rs.gov.br

Juiz de Forahttp://www.juizdefora.mg.gov.br

Caxias do Sulhttp://www.caxias.rs.gov.br

Icapuíhttp://www.icapui.ce.gov.br

Mundo Novohttp://www.mundonovo.ba.gov.br

São Paulowww.prefeitura.sp.gov.br

Other cities in Latin America

México Distrito Federal, Méxicohttp://www.df.gob.mx

Buenos Aires, Argentina.http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar

Montevideo, Uruguay.http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/gobierno

Rosario, Argentina.http://www.rosario.gov.ar

Villa El Salvador, Perú.http://www.munives.gob.pe

Cuenca, Ecuador.http://www.cuenca.gov.ec

Cotacachi, Ecuador.http://www.cotacachi.gov.ec

Europe

Córdoba, España.http://www.ayuncordoba.es

Mons, Bélgica.http://www.mons.be

Saint Denis, Francia.http://www.ville-saint-denis.fr

Palmela, Portugal.http://www.bm-pinhalnovo.comhttp://www.cm-palmela.pt

Bobigny, Francia.http://www.ville-bobigny.fr

Pieve Emanuele, Italia.http://www.comune.pieveemanuele.mi.it

Rheinstetten, Alemania.http://www.rheinstetten.de

Manchester, Inglaterrawww.participatorybudgeting.org.uk

Other sites

Red URBAL 9http://www.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/urbal

PGU-ALChttp://www.pgualc.org

DRDhttp://www.budget-participatif.orgSource:

Introduction to the PB Resource

I G l Q t i



27

I . General Quest ions

UNDP • UN-HABITAT• URBAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

te www.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/urbal/.13
























38 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE

DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT

1st round (per sub-region)

2nd round (per sub-region)

EXECTUION OF THE PROJECTS

Inform priority works for community

Regional in general

Neighborhood meetings

City administration

City administration

City administration

City administration

Phase open

to the community in

general

Phase open

to the community in

general

Participates and directs

- Pre-selection 25 projects per region

- Delegates are elected for regional forum

Technical staff of city administration

inspect 25 pre-selected proposed

projects and develop cost estimates

The 14 projects to become part of the

regional plan are discussed and approved

for OP 2003/2004

The COMFORÇA 2003/2004 is elected

Delegates

3 - Priority caravans

4 - Regional forum of budget priorities

5 - Municipal forum of budget priorities

Inspections

and community

Competitive bidding for projects or

comprehensive plans

Development of

comprehensive plans

(for low-income areas)

Budget, review and developmentof competitive bidding process

Bidding for project

Execution of project

Inauguration of projectDELEGATES

Neighborhood 1 Neighborhood 2

Neighborhood 3

Sub A Sub B

Sub C Sub D

Now that you know every step of the

Participatory Budget, it is easier for you

Participate in the decision-making process

Don't miss the meetings of the OP in your reg

Development of projects

Approval of preliminary

design and cost estimate

Detailed design

The community deliver to the mayor

the work plan for OP 2003/2004

- Informs amount funding available

- Informs general guidelines

- Distributes the form (one per neighborhood or district)

C O M F

O R Ç A

P a r t i c i p a ç ã o P o p u l a r

P o p u l a r

p a r t i c

i p a t i o n

C O M F O R

Ç A

C O M

F O R Ç

A

C O M F

O R Ç A

All delegates visit all 25projects from their region

Box 7:

The Participatory Budget Cycle in Belo Horizonte:

From planning to executing public works and services



III.C H A P T E R

F i n a n c i a l

D im e n s i o n

















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Box 12:

Criteria for Allocating Resources. Examples from Villa ElSalvador, Peru (2002) and Dourados, Brazil (2002)

trument used in Brazilian municipalities (but not exclusively) is the Caravans of

I I I . Financial Dimension



trument used in Brazilian municipalities (but not exclusively) is the Caravans of

Priorities. During these "caravans", the elected delegates visit the different areas

of the city to see the identified demands first-hand. This makes it possible for them to

visualise the different levels of need and above all gives greater legitimacy to

the technical criteria presented. It also allows the neighbourhood dele-gates to openup to the city in its entirety and to the needs beyond their neighbourhood.

47UNDP • UN-HABITAT• URBAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME









It is difficult to give indications of absolute numbers, given the variations of the




costs of personnel, transportation and the production of communication materials ineach place. By way of example, the city of Porto Alegre (pop. 1.4 million) sets asideover US$ 250,000 annually for the implementation of its Participatory Budget.

This expense can easily be covered in poor cities through international co-operation. Unfortunately, at the present time, it can be observed that internationalresources are often accompanied by technocratic orientations "from above" andrequirements which may distort the local process and creative solutions of the citizensand local governments themselves.













































Box 20:

The relationship between PB and other mechanisms of

ti i ti i P t Al S t A d d C d b




Porto Alegre, Brazil

In addition to the Participatory Budget there are significant numbers of participatory democracy

mechanisms in the municipality, for instance: the Sectoral Councils (currently numbering 22) who-

se objective is to define policies and directives in their respective areas; 8 Regional Planning Fo-

rums in accordance with the management strategy of the Master Development and Environment

Plan; Sectoral Conferences and the Congress of the City which this year meets for the fourth ti-

me. (Case Study: Porto Alegre)

Santo Andre, Brazil

The Participatory Budget and the Future City Project are the principal channels. They have be-come national and international benchmarks, but it is important to point out that these are not the

only channels adopted by this administration. In the city there are also 17 Thematic Councils and

two Forums, a Theatre of the Oppressed (which addresses citizen participation using the enter-

taining language of theatre), the Citizen’s Network of Digital Inclusion, the Plant Maintenance

Councils, The Participatory Management of aquatic reserve areas, Public Hearings and Com-

plaint Hearings (ombudsman). (Case Study: Santo Andre)

Cordoba, Spain

Citizen participation in the Municipal Government of Cordoba is articulated through the following

citizen bodies, according to the Citizen Participation Guidelines of 1986: a) District Councils (14);b) Citizens´ Movement Council; c) Representatives in Municipal companies, foundations and

trusts; and d) other means established by the City as means of representation for sector-specific

organizations, such as unions and others.

The Citizens Movement Council, in a rather unique way, is conceptualised as being the point of

coordination and orientation of citizens´ movements, as well as the focal point of participation wit-

hin the municipality on issues relating to the whole city. As part of its latter role, it participates in

the Support and Follow-up Committee for the Participatory Budget. In all the Boards of the muni-

cipal utility companies and in the executive organs of the Municipal foundations and trusts, there

is a resident representative designated by the Citizens´ Movement Council. (Case Study: Cordo-

ba)

Source: Base Document (op cit.) and PB Toolkit.

participation in Porto Alegre, Santo Andre and Cordoba.



C H A P T E R

Normative andLegal Dimension

V.





Who makes the link between the long-term plans and the

Participatory Budget?Those who make this link are, first of all, the citizens who participate in both process-

es The links between the short and long term56 perspectives are the delegates




es. The links between the short and long-term56 perspectives are the delegates,

council members and representatives who act in both arenas. In Porto Alegre, for example, the councillors of the PBC are, at the same time, representatives (not the

only ones) of the Urban Master Plan Council. On the one hand, this allows them to

draw on immediate demands when debating about the future of the city, and on the

other, these same representatives/delegates conduct the discussions about the

Master Plan within the Participatory Budget Process.

If the role of the citizen is central, the ordering and integrating role of the local gov-

ernment should be valued. It is the responsibility of the public authority to create anintegrated system of participation which links diverse channels and spaces of debate

and in particular, long-term plans and the Participatory Budget.

Are there evaluation mechanisms or systems for the

Participatory Budget?There are very few, and even though there are incipient efforts 57, there is a clear

deficit in evaluation resources given the multiplicity of experiences in variousregions. The evaluation of 103 Brazilian58 experiences, the documentation of 25

international cases parting from a common model59 in the context of the Urb-al

Network 9, and a study on participation and PB in Europe are three initiatives which

use a common body of variables and criteria.

63

64

56 See PB Toolkit: Montevideo and Ilo Case Studies

57 See PB Toolkit: Digital Library and UMP library

58 Grazia de G, Torres Ribeiro, Experiencias de OP no Brasil.

59 See PB Toolkit. Questionnaire for the documentation of experiences



C H A P T E R

TerritorialDimension

VI.





© Municipality of Cordoba, Spain



© Municipality of Icapui, Brazil



C H A P T E R

Final

Questions

VII.





that it represents an opportunity to serve their values and interests: politicians can en-

hance their legitimacy; technicians and public officials can improve the efficiency of

their work and its social meaning; international organisations can see that the

resources they contribute are better used; and citizens can contribute productively to

decision-making and local management.









1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28



9 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5

The Global Campaign on Urban Governance

promotes increased acceptance and use of the



promotes increased acceptance and use of the

principles of urban governance. The Campaign has

succeeded in initiating concrete activities aimed at

spurring policy change and enhancing organizational

capacities in more than 30 countries across the

world. To further translate urban governance

principles into practical measures, the Campaign has

developed a range of tools, which includes a

collection of resources on Participatory Budgeting.

The Urban Management Programme (UMP)

represents a major effort by UN-HABITAT and UNDP,together with external support agencies, to

strengthen the contribution that cities and towns in

developing countries make towards economic

growth, social development and poverty alleviation.

Over the past 18 years, UMP has been able to

provide a platform for partners to engage in work

related to emerging urban management themes.

The present Manual attempts to provide direct and

practical answers to the how, why, when and where

of implementing a Participatory Budget under thebest possible conditions.

UN-HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya

E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.unhabitat.org/governance

PGU-ALC, García Moreno 751 entre Sucre y Bolívar,

P.O. 17-01-2505, Quito - Ecuador

http://www.pgualc.org

Documents

72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting (English).pdf