71 - isxy, I - Doenets.lk · kej; ,shd flá w;aik fhdokak' 4' tla tla m%Yakfh wkq fldgiaj, m

ශ්‍රි ලංකා ව ලංභාගවද ලංපාරවතමේප්තුව ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලං ලංරහස්‍ය ලංපඛනයකි.

71 - isxy, ^,l=Kq oSfï mámdáh& kj ks¾foaYh | ලංw'fmd'i ^W'fm<& úNd.h - 2019 | wjika ixfYdaOk we;=<;a l< hq;= j we;' 1

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h - 2019 ^kj ks¾foaYh&

71 - isxy, I

,l=Kq fn§hdu

I m;%h

fuu m%Yak m;%h m%Yak wglska iukaú; h' m<uq m%Yakh we;=¿ j m%Yak mylg muKla ms<s;=re

iemhsh hq;= h'

m<uq m%Yakh (- fuu m%Yakh ^w&" ^wd&" ^b&" ^B&" ^W&" ^W!&"^ta& hkqfjka fldgia yhlska iukaú; h'

^w&" ^wd&" ^b&" ^B&" ^W& wjfndaOh - ,l=Kq 16 ^4 x 4 = 16&

^fuu fldgia mfyka y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= h'&

^W!& wjia:d iïnkaOh - ,l=Kq 12 ^3 x 4 = 12&

Î, II, III, IV,V, VI, VII fuu fldgiaj,ska wjia:d y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re iemhsh

hq;= h'&

^t& ridiajdoh - ,l=Kq 12

,l=Kq 40

wxl 02 isg 08 olajd m%Yak ks¾ÈIag .%ka: weiqfrka ilid we;' ta w;=ßka 04lg ms<s;=re iemhsh

hq;= fõ' tla m%Yakhlg 15 ne.ska ,l=Kq 60ls' ^4 jk m%Yakh ^w&" ^wd& hkqfjka fldgia folls'

^w& fldgig ,l=Kq 07ls' ^wd& fldgig ,l=Kq 08ls'&



W;a;rm;% ,l=Kq lsÍfï fmdÿ Ys,amSh l%u

W;a;rm;% ,l=Kq lsÍfï yd ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=j, ,l=Kq igyka lsÍfï iïu; l%uh wkq.ukh lsÍu

wksjd¾hfhka u l< hq;=fõ' ta i|yd my; mßÈ lghq;= lrkak'

1' W;a;rm;% ,l=Kq lsÍug r;=mdg fnda,a fmdhskaÜ mEkla mdúÉÑ lrkak'

2' iEu W;a;rm;%hlu uq,a msgqfõ iyldr mÍCIl ixfla; wxlh igyka lrkak'

b,lalï ,sùfï§ meyeÈ,s b,lalfuka ,shkak'

3' b,lalï ,sùfï§ jerÿKq wjia:djla fõ kï th meyeÈ,sj ;ks brlska lmd yer

kej; ,shd flá w;aik fhdokak'

4' tla tla m%Yakfha wkq fldgiaj, ms<s;=re i|yd ysñ ,l=Kq ta ta fldgi wjidkfha

la ;=< ,shd olajkak' wjidk ,l=Kq m%Yak wxlh;a iu`. la ;=<" Nd. ixLHdjla f,i we;=<;a lrkak' ,l=Kq igyka lsÍu i|yd mÍCIljrhdf.a m%fhdackh i|yd we;s ;Srej Ndú; lrkak'

WodyrK : m%Yak wxl 03

(i) …………………................................... ……………………................................ ……………………................................

(ii) ……………………................................ ……………………............................... …………………...............................…

(iii) ……………………............................... ……………………............................... …………………...............................…

(i) + (ii) + (iii) =

nyqjrK W;a;rm;% ( ^ljq¿ m;%h&

1' w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úNd.h i|yd ljq¿ m;% fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska ilikq ,efí' ksjerÈ jrK lmd bj;a l< iy;sl lrk ,o ljq¿m;la Tn fj; imhkq ,efí' iy;sl l< ljq¿ m;%hla Ndú; lsÍu mÍCIlf.a j.lSu fõ'

2' wk;=rej W;a;rm;% fyd¢ka mÍCId lr n,kak' lsishï m%Yakhlg tla ms<s;=rlg jvd ,l=Kq lr we;akï fyda tlu ms<s;=rlaj;a ,l=Kq lr ke;akï fyda jrK lemS hk mßÈ brla w¢kak' we;eï úg whÿïlrejka úiska uq,ska ,l=Kq lr we;s mss<s;=rla uld fjk;a ms<s;=rla ,l=Kq lr ;sfnkakg mq¿jk' tfia ulk ,o wjia:djl§ meyeÈ,sj uld fkdue;s kï ulk ,o jrKh u; o brla w¢kak'

3' ljq¿ m;%h W;a;rm;%h u; ksjerÈj ;nkak' ksjerÈ ms<s;=r ,l=Klska o" jerÈ ms<s;=r 0 ,l=Klska o jrK u; ,l=Kq lrkak' ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ixLHdj ta ta jrK ;Srhg my<ska ,shd olajkak' wk;=rej tu ixLHd tl;= lr uq¿ ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ixLHdj wod< fldgqj ;=< ,shkak'

√

√

√

4 5

3 5

3 5

10 15

4 5

3 5

3 5

03



jHqy.; rpkd yd rpkd W;a;rm;% (

1' whÿïlrejka úiska W;a;rm;%fha ysiaj ;nd we;s msgq yryd f¾Ldjla we| lmd yßkak' jerÈ fyda kqiqÿiq ms<s;=re háka bß w¢kak' ,l=Kq Èh yels ia:dkj, yß ,l=Kq fh§fuka th fmkajkak'

2' ,l=Kq igyka lsÍfï§ ´j¾,kaâ lvodisfha ol=Kq mi ;Srh fhdod .; hq;= fõ'

3' iEu m%Yakhlgu fok uq¿ ,l=Kq W;a;rm;%fha uq,a msgqfõ we;s wod< fldgqj ;=< m%Yak wxlh bÈßfhka wxl follska ,shd olajkak' m%Yak m;%fha § we;s Wmfoia wkqj m%Yak f;dard .ekSu l< hq;=fõ' ish¨ u W;a;r ,l=Kq lr ,l=Kq uq,a msgqfõ igyka lrkak' m%Yak m;%fha § we;s Wmfoiaj,g mgyeksj jeä m%Yak .Kklg ms<s;=re ,shd we;akï wvq ,l=Kq iys; ms<s;=re lmd bj;a lrkak'

4' mÍCIdldÍj uq¿ ,l=Kq .Kk tl;= fldg uq,a msgqfõ kshñ; ia:dkfha ,shkak' W;a;rm;%fha iEu W;a;rhlgu § we;s ,l=Kq .Kk W;a;rm;%fha msgq fmr<ñka kej; tl;= lrkak' tu ,l=K Tn úiska uq,a msgqfõ tl;=j f,i igyka lr we;s uq¿ ,l=Kg iudk ±hs kej; mÍCId lr n,kak'

,l=Kq ,ehsia;= ilia lsÍu (

ish¨ u úIhkays wjidk ,l=Kq we.hSï uKav,h ;=<§ .Kkh lrkq fkd,efí' tneúka tla tla

m;%hg wod< wjidk ,l=Kq fjk fjku ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=j,g we;=<;a l< hq;= h' I m;%h i|yd nyqjrK ms<s;=re m;%hla muKla we;s úg ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=jg ,l=Kq we;=<;a lsÍfuka miq wl=frka ,shkak' wfkl=;a W;a;rm;% i|yd úia;r ,l=Kq we;=<;a lrkak' 51 Ñ;% úIhfha

I" II yd III m;%j,g wod< ,l=Kq fjk fjku ,l=Kq ,ehsia;=j, we;=<;a lr wl=frka o ,súh hq;= fõ'

***



wNsu;d¾:

I m;%h

w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.hg fmkS isák úoHd¾Òka i;= j mj;sk"

iïNdjH isxy, ^ks¾ÈIag& .oH yd moH lD;s lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSfï YlH;dj y÷kd .ekSu o

kQ;k .oH-moH yd ldjH ks¾udK ri ú£u yd ;okqnoaO úpdrd;aul oDIaáh fln÷" ±hs y÷kd .ekSu o

ldjH úpdr ixl,am y÷kdf.k ri ú£u yd úpdrh lsÍfï YlH;dj uek ne,Su o fuu m;%fhka wfmalaIs; h'



(i) fmr nqÿjreka jev úiQ ld,fhys l< mskalï we;s fya;= iïmkak mqoa.,hka olskqq

msKsi

(ii) uÜgl=Kav,S

(iii) je;sr isá wdldrfhka u fi,ùula ke;s j" fmr<Sula" ke;s j {dkh kue;s

±f,ys ne÷fKa h $ kqjK keue;s ±f,ys ne÷fKa h'

(iv) Èhfld,anv

Èh hkq c,h hs' fld,a hkq fl<jr hkak hs' nv hkafkka wdikak nj ye`.fjhs'

ta wkqj c,dYhl c,h r|k fl<jr" iSudj" wi, hkak fuhska .uH fjhs' ta

wkqj „Èhfld,anv‟ hkq Èh mdr wi," bjqr wi," fjr< wi, hk woyi fohs'



(i) n;a WmÈkafka fld;kska o hkak .ek h'

(ii) nvi,ska$NdKavd.drfhka$NdKav Yd,dfjka$fldgq .=,ska$.nvdfjka

(iii) fldgqfjka ù msg;g .kakd wdldrh l,ska ±l ke;$fmr ±l ke;$±l mqreÿ

ke;'

(iv) nvi,

nv hkafkka NdKav o i, hkafkka Yd,dj o w¾:j;a fõ' w;S; jHjydrfha „nvi,‟ hkak kQ;k jHjydrfha NdKavd.drh f,i .; yels h' merKs jyf¾ OdkH yd jia;=j ;ekam;a lr ;snQ ia:dkj,g „nvi,‟ hkak Ndú; fldg we;' „fldgq.=,‟ hkqfjka o fuh fh§ we;'

^,l=Kq 04 hs&

(i) ud¿jl=f.a iajrEmh $ ud¿jl=f.a fõYh

(ii) ud¿jd;a uialeáh;a $ uia l=Üáh;a $ uia lE,a,;a fkd,eîfuks $ fkd,eîhdu

ksid h'

(iii) uu lfÜ ;snqKq uia lene,a, bj; oud $w;yer $ ud¿jd w,a,d .ekSug $ veye .ekSug hñ'

(iv) mxpisL Yl%hdf.a ùKd jdolhd fyj;a ÈjH .kaO¾jhd h' ysi uqÿfka fldKavd myla n|sk fyhska „mxpisL / mkais¿‟ hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'

^,l=Kq 04 hs&



(i) wud;Hjrhd $ weu;sjrhd yd kkaÈh fjf<kaodf.a Nd¾hdj

(ii) kskaodjg ,laùu yd ov .eiSïj,g ,laùu $ l< jeroaog uqo,a f.ùu

(iii) fhdÿka ishhla Wi we;s" w`.,a 16la È. lgq we;s lgq bUq,a $fld< bUq,a jkfhys

(iv) neik;a

jHik hk jHjydrh jeik;a" neik;a f,i o Ndú;hg meñK we;' merKs

NdIdfjys „j‟ fjkqjg „n‟ wdfoaY ù ;sfí'

fþofha we;=<;a jpk fjkqjg jHjydrfha mj;sk iómd¾:j;a fjk;a jpk ,shd we;akï ,l=Kq m%odkh lrkak'

(i) fk¨ï jkh $ ;Uqre jkh $ fk¨ï ú, (ii) mshdm;a fkd .id $ mshdm;a fkd úoyd $ mshdir lsÍu kj;ajd



(iii) Tyqf.a ùKd kdofhka ñi wfkla kdohlska wms i;=gq fkd fjuq' (iv) mshm;r

mshm;r hkak mCIm;% hkafkka ì£ ths' msydgq" mshdm;a hk f,i o fhfoa'

(i) oUfoKs rdcOdks iufha O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska rÑ; ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha

uÜgl=Kav,S l:djia;=fjka Wmqgd .kakd ,È' orejd ke;s ùfuka wÈkakmqínl

y`vñka isák úg kqÿfrys uÜgl=Kav,S o y`vkq olshs' túg ;ud y`vk ldrKh

lshd Tyq y`vkafka l=ula ksid ±hs wÈkakmqínl n%dyauKhd úiska fidfydk <`. §

uÜgl=Kav,S ÈjH mq;%hdf.ka wik ,oaols'

(ii) oUfoKs rdcOdks iufha uhQrmdo mßfõKdêm;s nqoaOmq;% ysñhka úiska rÑ;

mQcdj,sfha cSjl ffjoHjrhdf.a l:djia;=fjka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols' id,j;S kï

.Ksldjg mq;%hl= Wmka wjia:dfõ ta orejd yod jvd .ekSfï wfmalaIdjla ke;s

fyhska li< f.dfvys oukakehs tu .Ksldj úiska fiaúldjg lshk ,oaols'

(iii) l=reKE., rdcOdks iufha rÑ; cd;l fmdf;ys tk pkaolskakr cd;lfhka

Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols' nrKeia rcq fndai;a ls÷rdg úo isys uQ¾ÉPd jQ wjia:dfõ

ls÷rd ñh .sfha hhs is;d ls÷ßh úiska nrKeia rcqg lshk ,oaols'

(iv) .ïfmd< rdcOdks iufha II jk O¾ulS¾;s ysñhka úiska rÑ; ioaO¾ud,xldrfha

iaj¾K;s,ld jia;=fjka Wmqgd .kakd ,oaols' ;ud újdy lr .ekSug iaj¾K;s,ld

wleue;s jQ úg rcq fj; f.dia lreKq mejiQ wjia:dfjys tu n%dyauK mq;%hd úiska

rcqg lshk ,oaols'

(v) f,kd¾â jq,a*a úiska rÑ; neoafoa.u kjl;dfjka Wmqgd .;a mdGhls' is,s÷ ;u

ÈhKsh jk mqxÑueKsldg mejiQ l;kaorfhys tk jkdka;rfha § yuqq jQ fldá

fok W!re meáhd /f.k .ig ke. isá wjia:dfjys .i uq, isá Bßhg l<

m%ldYhls'



(vi) uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø úiska rÑ; “fmuf;d cdh;S fidfld ” kdgHfha tk

Woaod, nuqKd iaj¾K;s,ld ±l yg.;a lïmkfhka ;u YsIHhkaf.ka Wmfoia

me;+ wjia:dfõ § YsIH w.akso;a; úiska ke.+ m%Yakhg ms<s;=re fok wjia:dj yd

iïnkaO fõ'

(vii) fla' ch;s,lf.a „fkdksñ is;a;u‟ flá l;dfjka Wmqgd.;a mdGhls' wix.f.a

ld¾hd,hg meñfKk ;reKsh jk YS,d úiska ;udg /lshdjla ,nd fok f,i

lrkq ,enQ b,a,Sfuka miq wehg l< yels fudkjd ±'hs wix. weiQ úg YS,d úiska

wix.g l< m%ldYhls'



fï ldjH ks¾udKfhys jia;= úIhfha úfYaI;ajh jkafka isxy, .eñ ck Èúfha ie`.jqKq

me;slvla lúhg úIh lr .ekSu hs' .eñ .eyekshl ;u l=l=<d fidrd .;a ;eke;a;dg

o`vqjï lrk fuka l;r.u foúhkag lrk lkak,õjls fuys jia;= úIh jkafka' l=l=<d

fidrd .ekSu ksid wehf.a isf;ys cks; jQ fldamh m<s .ekSfï fÉ;kdj fuys m%n,

whqßka ksrEms; h' wehf.a isf;ys cks; fldam fõ.h uekúka ksrEmKh lsÍug iu;a

jd.aú,dihla lúh i|yd fhdod .ekSu ksid wNsfma%; w¾:h id¾:l f,i èjks; fjhs'

Wmhqla; ni flá moj,ska iy flá jelsj,ska o wkqm%di .=Kfhka o iukaú; neúka

wehf.a Ñ;a; fõ.h bka m%n, f,i m%ldYs; h'

ksoiqka (- ÿofkd „o ì|

n| f;o l|

l| foõ ro

idñfka

weh foúhka yuqfõ lrk fuu lkak,õfjys$yeú,af,ys fmfkk tla úfYaI;ajhla

jkafka ;udg l=l=<d wysñ ùug;a jvd foúhkaf.a oofhys i,l=K md¿ lsÍu n,j;a

wmrdOhla nj mejiSu hs' fidrdg o`vqjï lsÍug foúhka o fmd,Ujd .ekSug ork ;e;

ldjH rifhka msßmqka jk fia u .eñhdf.a is;a yir o uekúka ksrEmKh lrkakls'

fuys NdId ,laIK w;r" fy< yjq,g wdfõKsl wñY% isxy, NdIdj fhdod .ekSu o

olakg ,efí' fy< yjqf,a ,laIKhla jk „we‟ ldrh Ndú;h o úfYaI lreKls'

ldjHdlD;sh hdÈkakl ú,difhka hqla; h'

Wmhqla; nfiys úhrK /lSu o jeo.;a h' jHjydr NdIdfjys joka Ndú;h o fuys ri

ckkhg rel=,la ù we;'

by; lreKq weiqre lr .ksñka ridiajdoh ,sùu wfmaCId flf¾'

^,l=Kq 15hs&

ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha kshñ; l;d weiqfrka pß; ksrEmKfha § mqoa., Ñ;a; wNHka;rfha

we;s .+V iajrEmh úoyd ±laùu;a id¾:l f,i wjia:d ksrEmKh lr ;sîu;a hk lreKq

ms<sn| j idlÉPd lsÍu ms<s;=frka wfmalaId flf¾'

fuys § m%Yakhg we;=<;a j we;s wxY fol flfrys u wfmaCIlhd wjOdkh fhduq l<

yels ksoiqka my; ±lafõ'



uÜgl=Kav,S jia;=j (-

wÈkak mqínl nuqKd ish mq;d jk uÜgl=Kav,Sg ±ä fifkyila ±lajqj o Tyqg mdKavq

frda.h je,÷Kq wjia:dfõ § ;ud u ffjoHjrekaf.ka wid .;a fnfy;a tkï fld<iqUq¿

wdÈh lldrd fmrd §fuka frda.h W;aikak ;;a;ajhg m;a fõ' miqj ;u mq;d ñfh;s hs

hkqfjka o b,õjg meñKs ñksiqka ;u jia;=j ±l f,daNshl= f,i is;;s hs o hk ìfhka

mq;d f.hska msg; ms< u; ;nhs' tfy;a Tyq ñh .sh úg “wfka tlu mq;Kqjks” hkqfjka

fidfydkg f.dia y`vd je,fmhs'

l=Kav,flaiS jia;=j (-

Ñ;a;dNHka;rfha mj;akd .+V iajrEmh

rEu;a" l=,j;a yd Okj;a isgqÈhKsh urkakg f.k hk fidfrl=g fmï ne£u

Wod (- “ta isgqÿjKsfhda o uy;a jQ flda,dy, ksid fya lsï fodafyda hs'''Tyq flfrys ms<sn|is;a we;s j W! u m;d n;=;a fkdld hdkg ke`.S ,d jeo fyd;af;da h'”

isgqÈhKsh fidrdf.a is;a .kakg Wmdhla jYfhka Tyqf.a wdorh Èkd .ekSu i|yd

fjfyiSu

Wod (- “ isgqÿjKsfhda;a tjla mgka Tyq is;a .kag iõNrK ,d ierySf.k ;=uQ u ýg n;a ud¨ msi;s" lj;s" fmdj;s'''”

id¾:l wjia:d ksrEmKh (-

nqÿka jykafia uÜgl=Kav,S fj; hdu i|yd iQodkï jk wdldrh yd jäk wjia:dj

Wod ( “fojk ojia Wodik w,;dmsf`vl we;s jQ mn¿o¿ jeks jQ fodafyda''' il, YÍrfhka ijkla /ia úysÿjñka uydldYHm ia:úr m%uqL'''”

ms< u; je;sr isák" uÜgl=Kav,S wi,g nqÿka jykafia jevu lrk wjia:dj Wod ( “uÜgl=Kav,S;a nqÿ/ia ±l ñhk fõf,l rejkailauk uqks fm;a;la

f.kf.dia isgqjd,d fm;a; oidjg kudÆ l,la fuka'''”

fidfydfka ;ks j y`vñka isákd wÈkak mqínl nuqKd iómhg uÜgl=Kav,S foõmq;a meñfKk wjia:dj' Wod ( “uÜgl=Kav,S fji ujdf.k fidfydkaìu lrd f.diska w; ysi ;ndf.k

je;a;d okakg wd kEflfkl=ka fuka y`vy`vd isáfhah'”

fidr mõj uqÿfka § fidrd yd l=Kav,flaiS w;r jk isÿùï Wod ( “ isgq ÿjKsfhda;a ;=ka úgla meol=Kq fldg,d i;r ;efkl isg je|,d'''”

cïnq mßj%dðldjka ieje;a kqjr jdi, wi, oU w;a; isgqjd we;s úg uq.,ka f;rekaf.a lSu mßÈ l=vd <uqka th u`äk wjia:dj

Wod ( “uyf;reka jykafiaf.a niska ;=uQ Wmka W;aidy we;s j w;a; ue`v y`v .iñka OQ,s Wv kxjd mSy'''”

uq.,ka f;reka yd mßj%dðldj w;r jdoh isÿ jk wjia:dj Wod (- “kqjr uq¿,a, wiqrka jeo .sh ÈjHmqrhla fuka we<,S'''”



cd;l l:d l;=jrhd ia;%S pß;j, we;s ixlS¾K ,laIK ish l:d u.ska m%lg lrk

wdldrh;a Bg fhda.H jk NdId jHjydr fhdod .kakd wdldrh;a cd;l l:dj,

id¾:l;ajhg n,md we;s wkaou úuiSu ms<s;=frka wfmaCId flf¾'

fuu ms<s;=r i|yd ks¾ÈIag l:d weiqfrka bÈßm;a l< yels ksoiqka lsysmhla my;

±lafõ'

pq,a,OkqoaOr cd;lh (

ia;%S pß;fhys we;s ixls¾K ,laIK

pq,a,OkqoaOr" fidrd ueÍug ;u ìß|f.ka lvqj b,a,d isák úg weh fidrdg lvq ñg

yd pq,a,OkqoaOrg lvq fldmqj ,nd §u

leKys,a fjia .;a Yl%hdg isÿ jQ foh ±l ;udg isÿ jQ nrm;< ydksh wu;l fldg

uy;a fia iskdiSu

wjidkfha ish jro ms<s.kakd nj Yl%hdg yg m%ldY lsÍu

fhda.H NdId jHjydrh

pq,a,OkqoaOr cd;lfha ±lafjk fuu ixlS¾K ia;%S ,laIK ksrEmKh i|yd l;=jrhd

fhdod .kafka j¾Kkdj,ska f;dr ir, yd ixCIsma; NdId Í;shls'

Wod ( “pq,a,OkqoaOrfhda fid÷r” lvqj § ,j” hs w; Èla fldg ,kakd fidrdg lvq ñg

§ pq,a,OkqoaOrhkag fldmqj §Æy' fidrd pq,a,OkqoaOrhka bi lmd urd hkag kslauqKq

l,g .`.la iómhg meñKshdy'”

pkaolskakr cd;lh (

ia;%S pß;fhys we;s ixls¾K ,laIK

kegqï .ehqï wdÈ l,djkag olaI;d ±lajQ" uqÿ fudf<dla ;eke;a;shl fia ;u iajdñhdg

w;sYhska u we¨ï l< ls÷ßh ;u fm!reIh lrK fldg f.k n,j;=kag tfrys ùug ìh

fkdùu

nrKeia rcq flfrys w;sYhska u oafõY iy.; ùu yd .¾jfhka hqla; ùu

fhda.H NdId jHjydrh

fujeks .;s ,laIK ksrEmKh lsÍfï § l;=jrhd fhdod .kakd NdId jHjydr

pq,a,OkqoaOr cd;lhg idfmaCI j fnfyúka fjkia fõ' pkaolskakr cd;lh l:dfõ

my; ±lafjk ksoiqka by; lreKq ikd: lsÍu i|yd fhdod .; yels h'



j¾Kkd nyq, ùu

Wod (- “lskakrdx.kd uyÍ u,aoï n÷ jQ fudf<dla w;a keófuka" ke`.Sfuka "

fy<Sfuka kqÿre ;ekays isg''''”

“mia mshqfuka ,l< ú,a ;gdl mxla;sfhka o wduQ,d.% j msmS jekS .shd jQ kÿka" i÷ka"

l¿je,a foõÿre ;=jr,d wdÈ jQ fkdfhla iqj| relska .ejiS .;a''''”

ls÷ßhf.a Ndj ksrEmKh i|yd WÑ; nia jyrla Wmfhda.s lr .ekSu

Wod ( “ wj,CIKh" f;da ud ksid ksrmrdO jQ udf.a iuKd ueÍ o @

fmr ;d yd iu`. fl< weúÈkd nj jegfyk nj uq;a bksín ;df.a úry fYdal

ÿlaLfhka y`vk ,oaod jQ ug wfka w`ÿre f.hla fuka ksiafidaNdj jegfykafka h'”

ls÷ßhf.a je,mqfï § wkqm%dij;a mo yd ;;aiu mo nyq, NdId Í;shla fhdod .ekSu

Wod (- “lsfula foda fyda fuf,da rlakd jQ f,dalmd, foúfhda ke;a u foda fyda''''”

“mqIam M, m,a,jfhka w,xlD; jQ jk ,eyenqka yd''''”

“wfka yssñfhks" hlaIrdlaIisoaOúoHdOrdÈ jQ kdkd N+; .Khkaaf.a jdiia:dk jQ

o''''”

fujeks ;j;a WÑ; ksoiqka ms<s;=r i|yd fhdod .; yels h'

hym;a ck iudchla f.dv ke.Su uQ,sl wruqK lr .;a ioaO¾ud,xldr l;=jrhd"

w;Dma;slr wdYdjka imqrd .ekSug hdfï § mqoa.,hka mßydkshg m;aùu yd tn÷ isÿùï

meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd fhda.H O¾fudamfoaY ,nd ÿka wdldrh ks¾ÈIag l:d u.ska msßlaid ne,Su

ms<s;=frka wfmaCId flf¾'

ta i|yd fhdod .; yels ksoiqka my; ±lafõ'

iaj¾K;s,ld jia;=j

n%dyauKhdf.a mq;%hd úiska f.fkk ,o újdy fhdackdj m%;slafIam fldg Tyqg wmydi

lsÍu yd ;u rEimqfjka Woï ù jxYj;l= m%d¾:kd lsÍu fya;=fjka rcqf.ka wNsfhda.hla

,;a iaj¾K;s,ld W;a;r uOqrd mqrfhka msg j hdu

Woaod, nuqKd ;ud flfrys ji`. lrjd .ekSug weh lghq;= lsÍu yd Tyqf.a Nd¾hdj

ùfï wjika m%;sM,h f,i wl,a urKhg f.dÿre ùu

^,l=Kq 15 hs&



Woaod, nuqKd iaj¾K;s,ld flfrys w;sYhska u we¨ï iy.; ùu fya;=fjka ish j.lSï

meyer yeÍu yd wjidkfha § ishÈú ydks lr .ekSu

iaj¾K;s,ldg ji`. jk rcjreka ish is;e`.s imqrd .; fkdyels j ish;ska Èú ydks lr

.ekSu

fujeks isÿùï weiqßka ioaO¾ud,xldr l;=jrhd jYfhka ;ud o l;dfjys we;=<;a pß;

,jd o O¾fudamfoaY ,nd fok wdlrh olakg ,efí

Wod ( “lsfula o wdpdÍks" b;d <x úh fkdyels ÿ`.o ms<sl=,a jQ wmú;% wfïOHh yd

ufkda{ jQ iqj| úysÿkd isys,a i÷ka yd fol ljr lf,l flfia kï tla fõ o@''' tla

kqj ukd ySkcd;Ska yd iyjdih lrkakd jQ W;a;u i;a;ajhdf.a Y%S ldka;dj h lS¾;sh"

wdhqIh" YÍr n, h" kqjK h hk fulS ish,a, u Tyq w;ayer ÿre j m,d hkafka h'”

“tneúka ia;%Skaf.a ji`.;ajhg meñKshd jQ ldó mqreIfhda mrf,dj ú¢kd wmdh ÿla ;nd

fuu cd;sfhys fufia fkdfhla jeik ú| urKhg;a meñfKkkakdyq u h'”

kkaÈjdKsc jia;=j

fjf<| Nd¾hdjg ji`. jk wud;Hjrhd weh Èkd .kq msKsi fkdfhlajr m`vqre heùu

yd fjf<| Nd¾hdjf.a m%;spdr yuqfõ ish wd;au .re;ajhg ydks isÿ lr .ekSu'

Wod ( “fï ,Êcd ke;s ñksfila; ±ka ud Tyq ;o fldg je<l=j uekj” hs is;d'

kkaÈh fjf<kaod ñh .sh l, Tyqf.a ìß| ;ud i;= lr .; yels fj;s‟hs is;d Ysj

weu;shd ta fjf<kaod urKhg m;a lsÍu i|yd hleÿrl= fhoùu yd wdfõY jQ hlaIhdg

;ud u ì,s ùu'

Wod (- “i;r jk jdrfhys wdfõY lrjd kslaujQ l,ays f.diska fjf<|dKka lrd jeoao

fkdyS wdmiafia weú;a wdud;Hhd yd hlÿrd fom¿ fldg fmd¨ .id wfõY j .sh ñksh;a

t;ek u t<d .sh'”

l;=jrhd fuys § Èh hq;= O¾fudamfoaY ;ud u o kkaÈh fjf<| Nd¾hdj ,jd o bÈßm;a

lr j hs'

Wod ( “tïnd ke`.Ksfhks" fï wkqka ika;l jia;=fjys jrojd ms<smofka h hs f;dmf.a

wud;HhdKkag;a kq.=K h; fuda f;du ;udf.a f.ysñhd blau mj;akS h hs ug;a kskaod

jkafka h'”

“fulS mßoafoka hñlsis kqjKe;s Y%oaOdjka; W;a;uhdK flfkla ish¨ úm;a;shg

taldka; ldrK j isá ldurd.h ÿre fldg yer iaj,amud;% jQ l=Y,hla l<dyq ù kï

tn÷ W;a;ufhda iaj¾." u;_H" md;d, hk ;=kaf,da nnq¿jkakdyq uehs'”



mQcdj,sfhys we;eï l;dj, m%uqL jYfhka ksrEmKh jkafka <ud pß; h' tys § Tjqkaf.a Ñ;a; iajNdjh ;d;aúl f,i ksrEmKh lrk l;=jrhd hym;a iudc wdY%fhka Tjqka ;u Ôú; id¾:l lr .kakd wdldrh fmkajd fohs'

fï ms<s;=r ieliSfï § ks¾ÈIag l;dj, we;=<;a my; ±lafjk lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h'

wkqreoaO l=udr l:dj

.=< fl<sfhka merÈ flkl= lejqï ;,s Èh hq;= h hk .súiqu wkqj l=udrjreka l%Svdfõ fh§u

foaj;djd uejQ lejqï lk wkqreoaO l=udrhd tys rifhka mskd f.dia fl<sh kj;ajd" uj <`.g Èjf.dia ieuod ;udg „ke;smQ‟ fok f,i mjid kej; fl<shg tAu

n;a WmÈk ;eka ms<sn| j l=udrjrekaf.a u; bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh - tkï nvi,ska"

ie<sfhka yd uyrka;,sfhka n;a Wmofka hhs is;Su

wkqreoaO l=udrhd uyK ùu m%;sfCIam lsÍug fya;= bÈßm;a lrk wdldrh

uydkdu l=ure .sys Ôú;fha iajrEmh yd Wmhd lEfuys ÿIalr;d fmkajd §fuka wk;=re

j wkqreoaO l=urhd uyKùug tl`. ùu

wkqreoaO l=urhdf.a m%{djka; l%shd l,dmh fya;=fjka ;j;a rdc l=udrjreka mia fokl=

nqÿiiqkg we;=<;a ùug tl`. ùu yd Tjqka Wiia ud¾.M, ,nd .ekSu

Ôjl ffjoHjrhdf.a l;dj

cSjl l=vd l, fl<su`vf,a oS Tyqg ujl ke;s ùu ms<sn| j fiiq l=udrjreka Wiq¿ úiq¿

lsÍu

;ud yod jvd .;a orejl= nj ±k.kakd Ôjl ;u wkd.; ia:djr;ajh i|yd Ys,amhla

yeoEÍug ;SrKh lsÍu' ta wkqj ffjoH jD;a;sh fj; fhduq ùu

Wod ( “ffjoH Ys,amh yodrd .;sï kï ffjoHdpdßh hk kï weiQ l, u i;a;ajfhda ujqka

mshka .=reka fldg u is;d''''''”

Èidmdfudla wdpd¾hjrhd" ;udf.a f;dr;=re ±k Ys,am ,nd fkdfo;s‟hs hk ìfhka i;H f;dr;=re jika lsÍu yd O¾udkaf;ajdisl j bf.kSug leue;a; m%ldY lsÍu

;u Ys,amh ksis f,i yodrd wjika lrk Ôjlyg weÿre;=udf.a wdYS¾jdoh ysñ ùu fya;=fjka ish olaI;d fmkaùug wjia:dj Wod ùu

Wod (- “'''fudayg udf.ka WmlrK §" ñksiqka § ish kqjrg heùï kï fudyqf.a Ys,amdkqNdjh fkdfmfka”hs is;d”

idfla; kqjr isgq hqj<" wNh rdc l=ure" ìïìidr rcq yd fkdfhla isgqjreka weiqfrka Ôjlyg Wiia Ôjk ;;a;ajhla Wfoid wjYH miqìï ieliSu



isxy, moH idys;H b;sydifha b;d jeo.;a wjêhla f,i fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iuh

ye¢kaúh yels h' úúO ldjH .%ka: rdYshla fï wjêfha ks¾udKh ùu tys w.h

j¾Okhg fya;= ù we;' wfmaCIs; ms<s;=frys tu ldjH .%ka: ms<sn| wjfndaOhlska hqla;

j úu¾YS,S j lreKq idlÉPd ù ;sîu wjYH fõ'

úYsIag ikafoaY ldjH lsysmhla u ta wjêfhys rpkd ù ;sîu

mfrú ikafoaYh" ie,<sysKs ikafoaYh" yxi ikafoaYh" .srd ikafoaYh" fldals,

ikafoaYh

uyd ldjHh - ldjH fYaLrh

LKav ldjHh - .=;a;s, ldjHh

WmfoaY ldjHh - f,dajev i`.rdj

nqÿ.=K ldjHh - nqÿ.=Kd,xldrh

m%Yia;s ldjHh - merl=ïnd isß;

m%%fyaa,sld ldjHh - oyï .eg ud,dj

by; moH ldjH m%fNaoj,ska ;=kla ms<sn| j j;a lreKq olajd ;sîu wfmalaIs; h'

uQ,sl wxY folla hgf;a lreKq ±laùu fuys § wfmalaIs; hs'

1' wjia:dkql+, j¾Kkd Ndú;h

2' tajd Yíod¾: rifhka wkqk ùu

.=;a;s, ldjHfhys wjia:d j¾Kkd f,i my; wjia:d ±laúh yels h'

i' ieKfl<s jekqu ( ieKfl<sfhys ksr; jQjkaf.a yeisÍïj, iajNdjh" tajdys iÔj

iajrEmh úia;r lsÍug l;=jrhd olajk olaI;dj meyeÈ,s flfrk moH

“iojd iqÿ je,s msú;=re'''”

“lshñka .S ri ñhqre'''”

“/.;a iqrd msrE ú;ska'''”

ii' uQis, nrKeia mqrfhka meñKs fjf<÷ka yuqfõ ùKd jdokh lsÍu ±lafjk wjia:dj' uQis,f.a wruqK m%lg flfrk is;=ú,s mjd tu moHhkaf.ka ±lafõ'



“nfilska fkdokakd'''”

“ierhg <x fkdjk'''”

“fkdñysß o fï fjK'''”

iii' uQis, .=;a;s, weÿre;=uka yuqùug meñKs wjia:dj" uQis,f.a yeisÍu" w|

udmshka olajk m%;spdr" uQis,f.a ùKd jdokh Wmydihg ,la lrk whqre

meyeÈ,s jk moH

“w| uõ msh fofok'''”

“t wid fjK ;nd'''”

“ysñ ;u keK keúka'''”

iv ùKd jdok ;r. wjia:dj j¾Kkd lsÍu" jdoH uKavmh ieriQ wdldrh"

/iajQ msßi j¾Kkd lsÍu

“iqÿ msßisÿ úhkq;a Wv n|jd'''”

“iqj¢ka ìu msßnv f.k fudkjg'''”

“îu isg ne,Sug'''”

“weú;a miq miafia'''”

v. .=;a;s,f.a ùKd jdokh WÉpdjia:djg m;a ùu;a iu`. iqr`.k /`.=ï úÑ;%j;a

jk whqre uekúka j¾Ks; h'

“<`. <`.jd Wkqkg lr jdoh'''”

“hgeiska ,k ne,afuka iqrú,iS'''”

“rE /fia w¢kd f,fia w;a f,< È§ úÿ,sh mnd'''”

hkdÈ jekqï wdY%fhka WÑ; moHj," Wmud-Wmfïh" rEml" iajNdfjdala;s" Ñ;a;rEm

ueùu" úß;a Ndú;h" t<siuh" wkqm%dih wdÈ ldfjHdaml%u Ndú; fldg we;s whqre

ms<s;=frys ±laúh hq;= h'

fuys ,d wod< ksoiqkaj,ska Yíod¾: rih u;=jk whqre meyeÈ,s lr ;sìh hq;= h'



is,s÷ jkdka;rfha § yuqjk i;=kaf.a p¾hdjka muKla fkdj Tjqkaf.a is;=ï me;=ï o

uekúka y÷kk pß;hla f,i kjl;dfjys ksrEms; h' jk i;=kaf.a ni iy bßhõ

ish,a, Tyqg fyd¢ka f;areï .; yels h' ovhlalrejl= jqj o i;=ka iy is,s÷ w;r

mej;sfha iqyo in|;djls'

Wod (

i. “fudlo kx.sfh nv ysia fj,d o@” lsh,d' t;fldg wE lSjd “ hflda" ±ka

ojia ;=kla fjkjd ug urd .kav ,enqfKa tlu j÷frla ú;rhs'”

ii. “''''w,a,d .;a; W!re meáhd f.a wïud uy Bß m¨ .fya l|g w;a

fol §f.k hlskakshg l;d lr,d lSjd'''”

iii. “WU,d ;j <má jeä hs' lef,a mdrj,a okafka;a keye''''

;sßika i;=ka l;d lrkafka ñksfyla wjqreÿ .dKla lef,a u Ôj;a jqKd

u''''”

;u ìß| ÈhKshka m%iQ; l< miq is,s÷ úhrefjka fuka yeisrefKa h' tfy;a Tjqka ;=ka

wjqreÿ jhi b;=la jk ld,fha § ore fifkyiska <`.g f.k wdorfhka wu;d

jkdka;rh ms<sn| úúO l:d lshd fokakg úh' ÈhKshka fofokd o Tyqg wiSñ; f,i

wdorh l< w;r" mshd iy ÈhKshka w;r iafkayh ±ä nkaOkhla njg m;a jQ whqre

ksrEms; h'

Wod ( i. “'''f.ô meá;a;sfha wehs WU ú, w;a werod,d wdfõ@ Wfò fï mqxÑ

nvg we;sfjkag lEu keoao tafl''' WU weú;a ;sfhkafk hlal=;a

w;=re wka;rd;a jeä krl u ;eklghs''''”

ii. “'''orejka jevqKq miq" jkhg hk úfgl Tjqka o miafika w`v.df.k legqj hdu is,s÷f.a isß; úh'”

iii. “'''Tõ fohsfhda ;uhs fïld ÿkafka' ux Bfha ? y|mdfk j;=r

lvla .dj /lf.k ysáhd''''”

is,sÿ yd .ïjeishka w;r mej;sfha iSñ; iïnkaOhls' th o wdrÉÑ" mqxÑrd<" nnqka wd§ka iu`. muKla ù h'

.ïjeishka ish¨ fokd is,s÷ foi ne¨fõ wj{d iy.; oDIaáhlsks' Tyqg álla msiaiq

hehs .ïuq lSy' widudkH .;s we;s" w,i lïue,s pß;hla f,isks is,s÷ .ï

jeishkaf.a úksYaphg ,la jQfha'



Wod (i “.''Tyqg álla msiaiq hs .ïuq lSfjda h'”

ii. “''' - wksla .ïuqka lS yeáhg jeÈ f.or - fldavhlg yiq jQ lf,l fuka

fmksK'”

iii. “'''Kh ;=reiaj,g is,s÷ fyd| ñksyl= fkdjk fyhska'”

by; lreKq idlÉPd lrñka ,shQ ms<s;=rla fï m%Yakfha § wfmaCIs; h'

kQ;k flál;d rplhka flál;d udOHfhys ishqï jQ;a l,d;aul jQ;a ,laIK ms<sn| ukd

mßphlska hq;= j iuld,Sk ,dxflah iudcfhys h:d iajNdjh .eUqßka m%;sks¾udKh lrkakg

fhduq ù we;s wdldrh idlÉPdjg n÷ka lsÍu fuu ms<s;=frka wfmalaId flf¾'

flál;dfõ Ys,amSh l%u fyj;a l,d;aul ,laIK f,i ie,flkafka jia;= úkHdih" pß;dx.

ksrEmKh" miqìï ksrEmKh" ixfla; Ndú;h" oDIaáfldaKh" Ôjk oDIaáh yd ks¾udKd;aul

NdIdj hkdÈ wx. hs' fuu ,laIK kQ;k flál;d rplhka ukd mßphlska hq;= j Ndú; lr

we;s wdldrh .ek kso¾Yk lsysmhla fyda bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaIlhdg yels úh hq;= h'

,dxflah iudc h:d¾:h .eUqßka ksrEmKh lr we;s flál;d f,i fjila myk flál;dj

yer wfkla ish¨ ks¾ÈIag flál;d ms<s;=rg fhdod .; yels h' thg kso¾Yk lsysmhla

my; ±lafõ'

lr;a;h - 1980 .Kkaj, § isÿ jQ rdcH úfrdaê ler,s miqìï lrf.k ,shejqKq fuu

flál;dfjka iuld,Sk iudc" foaYmd,k mßirfhys h:d iajNdjh m%;sks¾udKh fldg

;sfí' iuld,Sk iudc ÿn,;d fya;=fjka mSvkhg m;a ;reK mrmqf¾ wfmalaId udkj

ohdfjka hq;= j újrKh lrkafka flál;dfõ Ys,amSh ,laIK ms<sn| l;=jrhdf.a ukd

mßph o m%lg lrñks'

flál;dfjka ksrEms; l,d;aul ,laIK

iÔj wjia:d ksrEmKh - l;d mqj;g fkdj isoaê ksrEmKhg uq,a ;ekla fok fuu flál;dfõ wjia:d yd isoaê ;=< ;%dih o" l=;+y,h o" W;am%dih o .eí j we;'

Wod (- “rd<ydñ ke.sÜfÜ h' wä yh y;la È. fïih jgd È.= wä ;nñka fldg ì;a;sh msgqmiska lrleù t;a u lr;a;lre wkaoukao ù msgqmi ne¨fõh''''”

pß;dx. ksrEmKh l;=jrhd lr;a;lref.a pß; ,laIK h:d¾:j;a f,i;a" wmQ¾j f,i;a m%;sks¾udKh lrhs' Wod (- “ux fikiqrdog Th .djg hkjd - f.dkd fyd|g kdjkjd - n,a,;a kdjkjd -

t;k fyd| fyjK''''”



“wo ud fuys uQ;%d l<;a uf.a n,a,d uQ;%d lrkafka fndfyda wE;g f.dia ud foi n,d jrola ke;e hs ye`.=K miq h''''”

W;am%dij;a ixjdo ks¾udKh

Wod ( “;ud ta ldf,a TÉpr fyd|g bf.k f.k wehs riaidjlg fkd .sfh@” “wehs uu riaidjla lrkjd'” “uu wykafka W.;alug .e<fmk riaidjla@” “tfyu tlla ;sfhkj o@”

kdgHuh wdlD;shla fhdod .ekSu

fkdksñ is;a;u - l,dfõÈhl=f.a ishqï wOHd;auh fy<s flfrk fuu flál;dj u.ska

j¾;udkfha § ks¾jHdc l,dlrejl= fj; iudcfhka yd ish mjqf,ka m%odkh flfrkafka

l=ula o@ hk mekh flfrys mdGlhdf.a wjOdkh fhduq flf¾' mqoa.,hdf.a;a" fmdÿ

iudcfha;a we;eï l%shdldrlï l;=jrhd újrKh lrkafka Wmydid;aul oDIaáhlsks'

pß;dx. ksrEmKh

wix. yd ud,kSSf.a pß; tajdfha m%;súreoaO ,laIK wkdjrKh jk mßÈ ksrEmKh

lr we;' wix.f.a ffp;isl ksrEmKh u.ska ud,kSsf.a úm¾hdih ms<sn| ;ejq, o

fmdÿ iuch úIhfhys l<lsÍu o èjks; lrjhs'

ks¾udKYS,s NdIdj

“wef.a w;sOj, iqÿ bx.sßhdj ueo §ma;su;a l¿ bx.sßhdj Tn fudn ÿjk ieá! mia

úis yeúßÈ .=rejrhdf.a yoj; bka yShlska fuka midre lrf.k hhs”

“r;ameye <d frdai o,a,la fuka uE isáfha fudk ;rï uqÿ fudf<dla .;shlska o@

flfuka lgq fudard frdia mfrdia ù .sfha lS ojig o@”

oDIaáfldaKh - m%:u mqreI oDIaáfldaKh fhdod f.k we;af;a wix.f.a

Ñ;a;dNHka;rh fy<sorõ flfrk mßÈ h'

iafkayh - fuu flál;dj u.ska ksrEmKh lrkqfha odrl iafkayfha wiSudka;sl nj hs'

.eñ mßirhla flál;dj i|yd miqìï lr .kakd rplhd úh<s l,dmSh ÿIalr

.ïudkhl Ôjk mßirh" mqoa., is;=ï me;=ï" NdId jHjydr wdÈh l;d f;audjg wkql+,

jk mßÈ h:d¾:j;a f,i m%;sks¾udKh lrhs'

pß;dx. ksrEmKh

rxlsrd" msxÑuyhshd wdÈ pß; fujka .eñ miqìul § uqK.efik Ôjudk pß;g njg

m;a ù ;sfí' ;reK l, ;u tl u orejd ish f,dalh njg m;a lr .;a msxÑuyhshdg

±ka uq¿ ld,h" Y%uh fhoùug isÿj we;af;a ieñhd fjkqfjks' th .eñ iudcfha

,laIKhls' rxlsrdf.a Ôjk úm¾hdih o fya;=M, iïnkaO;dfjka hq;= j bÈßm;a

flf¾'



ks¾udKYS,S NdIdj

kqjr l,dúfha .eñhkag wdfõKsl m%dfoaYSh NdId jHjydr iys; ir, .eñ ni

l;=jrhd pß; yd wjia:dj,g WÑ; mßÈ fhdod .kS'

Wod (- “Tyqf.a f.or WkaoE jk msxÑuyhshd fï fj,dfõ l=iais hd,;af;a isáhd h'

“wfka uy;a;fhd ug bkafka Th fld,a, ú;rhs' - yrla meáfhla olaldf.k hkav'

ux miafia k`.=,a fláhla wrka tkav'''”

WÑ; mßir j¾Kkd

Wod ( “wkQkj wjqreoaog ,enqKq f.j;a; iïmQ¾Kfhka u j,aìys ù we;''' fjkod ta

me;af;ka fokqkaf.a y`v ? oyj,a wefihs''''”

ixfla; Ndú;h

Wod (- “wE ;j;a fudfyd;la n,d isg yQ,a,d ke`.S isáhd h''' ysrukfha ys|f.k ksù

.sh <sm foi n,df.k isáhdh'”

id¾:l wjia:d ksrEmK

Wod ( “uy¨ rxlsrd WkaoE jdfka lfâ biairyd k;r úh'''' wfka uqo,d,s Wkakefya

wrl álla odkav' uf.a ySx fld,a,f. lgy`v álla wykav'”

Ôjk oDIaáh

udmsh-¥ore iïnkaO;dj orejka w;ska .s,sySs .sh o th foudmshka w;ska lsis od .s,syS

fkdhk nj ñka èjks; flf¾'

lms;kaf.a mq;a;= - ish rdcldßh yd ne÷Kq j.lSï o Ôú;h yd ine¢ ixfõ§ woa±lSï o w;frys .efgk mqoa.,hl=f.a ffp;isl iajrEmh ishqï f,ig wkdjrKh lrkakg ±rE ;e;la fuu flál;dfjka ksrEms; h' oßø;dfjka fj<Ss .sh" ;reK ke`.S isàï isÿjk miqìul flál;d rplhd m%uqL;ajhla § we;af;a lms;kaf.a pß;hg hs'

pß;dx. ksrEmKh - yuqod ks,Odßhl= jQ lms;dkaf.a udkqISh .=Kdx. fï flál;dfjka wmQ¾j f,i újrKh flf¾' Wod ( “ta ieKska u nQÜ im;a;=jlska fld¨jdf.a ysi tiù mfilg yereKs' tu Woõj l< fin,d lmd ìu fy<Sug fia rjd ne¨ lms;dka ;ek''''” “ldls meye;s ìysiqKq o`vq w`vqjg flfuka ;o jk j;=rdk ;=< wka lsisjl= fkdr|k f,i Tyq is;ska foúhka he§ h'”

ks¾udKYS,S NdIdj ixCIsma;" èjks;d¾:j;a fuka u rEmld¾:j;a NdIdjla fï flál;dj mqrd olakg we;' Wod ( “kdl|'''kdl|'''kdl|@ lgql wõjg f;; is£ .,a fmd;a;g u we,S w;=reoka jQ ó u,a fmdo jeiaig fm`.S u;= jQ mßÈ ld,fhka úhe<S .sh Tyqf.a <udúfha hï hï isoaëka h<s ìysùug fjr orhs'”

l:d úkHdih lms;dkaf.a w;S; u;l igyka yd j¾;udk isÿùï ukd f,i tlsfkl yd uqiq lrñka fya;=M, iïnkaO;dj wkqj l;dj úldikh flf¾'

Ôjk oDIaáh udkj ohdj fuys lems fmfkk oDIaáh hs'



ÈfidkaÑkd ydñ - tlsfklg fjkia iudc ia;r ;=kla ksfhdackh lrk pß; fuys § wmg

yuq fõ' ta fodia;r chj¾Ok" nkaÿfiak yd ÈsfidkaÑydñ hs' fuys § by< iudc ;,hg

wh;a we;eï mqoa.,hka yd fmdÿ ckhdf.a Ôjk wfmaCIdj, mriamr;d uekúka èjks;

flf¾'

pß;dx. ksrEmKh

ujqìug meñfKk fodia;r chj¾Okf.a wfmalaId Nx.;ajh" nkaOqfiakf.a mka;s

úrys; iudchla ms<sn| wfmalaId fuka u ÈfidkaÑkdydñf.a .eñ idrO¾u o l;=jrhd

úYajikSh;ajhlska bÈßm;a lrhs' iuld,Sk ,dxlsl iudc l%uh ms<sn| ukd

újrKhla o fuys wka;¾.; fõ'

ks¾udKYS,s NdIdj

jD;a;Skag" iudc uÜgug yd pß; ,laIKj,g wod< f,i ks¾udKYS,S NdIdjla fhdod

f.k ;sfí'

Wod ( “tl f,fvla uereKg ffjoH úoHdj uefrkafka keye fka''' wfma j.lSu

f,âvqkag jf.a u úoHdjg;a'”

“fudk úYajdihla o i¾ ta ÿmam;a ys̀.kakkag”

oDIaáfldaKh - m%:u mqreI oDIaáfldaKh'

Ôjk oDIaáh iuld,Sk iudc-wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k jHQyh ms<sn| úfõpkd;aul oDIaáhla fy<k l;=jrhdf.a udkj ohdj ñka m%lg fjhs' ms<s;=re i|yd fhdod .;a wfkl=;a flál;dj,ska o fï wdldrfhka lreKq idlÉPd

lsÍu wfmalaId flf¾'

isxy, moH idys;Hfhys ixl%uKSh wjia:djla ksfhdackh lrk fld<U lúfhys m%:u

;rx.hg $ wjêhg wh;a lùkaf.a <ud ldjH ks¾udKj, fmfkk úfYaI;d w;=ßka ir,

iq.u NdId Ndú;h ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h' tn÷ NdIdú,dihla isxy, lú

iïm%odfhys m%:u j;djg ±l .; yels jkafka fld<U lùkaf.a <ud ldjH

ks¾udKdj,sfhys muKs' “È,sys È,sys wdldfia nn,k u,a ;drld - nen,s ne,,s wdldfia

È,sfik u,a ;drld” jeks ldjHuh jHjydr Bg ksoiqka h'

tu lùkaf.a fmdÿ jia;= úIh" cd;Hkqrd.h" nqÿ .=K" fidnd isßh" w;S;h ms<sn|

wNsudkh jeks f;audj,ska hqla; jqj o <ud ldjH ks¾udKj, jia;= úIhfhys fmfkk

úfYaI;ajhla jkafka fidndoyfï iqkaor;ajh" <ud f,dfõ fl<s f,d,a is;=ï-me;=ï"

hym;a isß;a-úß;a yd mej;=ï wdÈ tf;la isxy, lúhg úIh fkd jQ l,dmhla úIh lr

.ekSu hs'



fï ms<s;=r i|yd ks¾ÈIag ldjH ix.%yfhys tk „iuk,hd‟ uefhka jQ ks¾udKh muKla

ksoiqka f,i olajd we;;a ksis ,l=Kq m%odkh l< hq;= h' Bg w;sf¾l j YsIHhd$YsIHdj

fld<U lúkaf.a m%:u ;rx.hg$ wjêhg wh;a lùkaf.a fiiq ks¾udKj,ska ksoiqka

imhd we;akï Bg ,l=Kq m%odkh l< hq;= h' tfia u l=udr;=x. uqksodif.a <ud ldjH

ks¾udKj,ska ksoiqka imhd we;akï th o neyer fkd l< hq;= h'

„fmuf;d cdh;S fidfld‟ kdgHh iyDohdf.a is;a .kafka kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d u;= lsÍu yd

tu.ska ixls¾K udkj Ñ;a;dfõ. ksrEmKh lsÍu fya;=fjks hkak lreKq úu¾Ykh

lsÍu fï ms<s;=frka wfmalaId flf¾'

kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla hkqfjka woyia jkafka m%;súreoaO pß; w;frys .egqï we;s jk

wjia:djla fyda tl u pß;hla ;=< jqj o wNHka;r .egqula ksrEmKh jk wjia:djla

fyda fma%CIlhdf.a ±ä l=;+y,hg" wd;;shg bjy,a jk ´kE u Woafõ.lr wjia:djla h'

mqoa.,hdf.a Ñ;a;dfõ.j, ixls¾K;d ±l .; yels jkafka o tn÷ wjia:dj, h'

tneúka tjeks wjia:d úuid ne,Sug fhdod .; yels ksoiqka lsysmhla fufia ±laúh

yels h.

kdgHh wdrïN ùu;a iu`. u Woaod, nuqKd le,UqKq ukiska hq;= j fõÈldjg

meñfKk wjia:d j"

Wod ( “msh isiqks isÿ jQfh

úm;la ug uy;a-

fkd±fkah mqj;a lsis"

is; udf. úhjq,ah'”

Tyqf.a YsIHhkag fuka u fma%CIlhkag o fï wjia:dj uy;a l=;+y,h;a okjkakls'

tfia u Woaod, nuqKdf.a Ñ;a;dfõ.j, iajrEmh Tyqf.a jpkj,ska o ú,difhka o

fma%CIlhdg meyeÈ,s fõ'

Wod ( “uq¿ .; fjjq,hs oyäh je.sf¾'''”

“ys| .; fkdyelsh ud m%sh omamq,

tl,ia lr .kakd ;=re ud is;'”



ismai, wi,g tk iaj¾K;s,ld yd wef.a mshd m,jd yßkakg YsIHhka W;aidy ork

wjia:dj'

Wod ( “fu;kg tkakg wm weÿß÷ i|

ke; lsis flfkl=g wjir §,d”

“.eyekq fuys fkdmsúfi;s

reÑ fkdfõ weÿß÷g

ud.uqka iyjdfi'”

YsIHhkaf.a úfrdaO;dj u.ska m%ldY flfrkafka Tjqkaf.a is;a ;=< we;s idïm%odhsl

wdl,amh hs' fuf;la ld,hla weÿre;=ud ia;%sh ms<sn| ish YsIHhka ;=< we;s l<

ia:djrfha m%;sM,h thhs'

YsIHhkaf.a úfrdaO;dj yuqfõ wirK j t;ekska neyer ùug ierfik iaj¾K;s,ld yd

wehf.a mshd Woaod, nuqKdf.a o¾Ykhg yiq fkd fj;s‟hs hk le,öu fma%laIlhd ;=< fï

fj,dfjys we;s fjhs'

mxpuOqrdmqrfha § iaj¾K;s,ld yd wef.a mshdf.a meje;au ia:djr jqj o Woaod,

nuqKdf.a is; wia:djr;ajhg m;a ùu fya;=fjka Tyq lrk m%ldY kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla

f.dv k.hs' tys § ksrEmKh jkafka Tyqf.a wNHka;r .egqu hs'

Wod ( “ms<sirK jkq fuug'' i;r È. fõ w÷re'

mis÷rka fodrgq /ls uqr msßia mrdo ù m,d .sfhda”

fuhska Woaod, nuqKdf.a is;a ;ejq, ikaisf|a o hk mekh fma%laIlhd yg we;s fõ'

iaj¾K;s,ld Tyqf.a b,a,Sug tl`. fkdùu u.ska tu Woafõ.lr iajNdjh ;jÿrg;a

bÈßhg we§ hhs'

iaj¾K;s,ld uerùug isiqka Wmdhka fh§u yd weh f.hska msg;g /f.k hdug W;aidy

.kakd wjia:dj'

fuys § iaj¾K;s,ld flfrys isiqka ;=< we;s fkdukdmh yd ;u wdpd¾hjrhd wef.ka

.,jd .ekSfï wNs,dIh o jxpdfjka ish wruqKq bgq lr .ekSfï ±ä udkisl;ajh o

wmg meyeÈ,s fõ'

Wod ( “meyer .; hq;=h <|

weÿß÷f. iómfhka

f.dia ndr Èh hq;=h

weh f.kd wef.a mshd fj;g h<s”

“ fud< we;d jqj okS

.=re;=udyg fifka



we;s tlu <|hs fï'

ysxidjla fkdlrhs W!'”

tfia u fuu wjia:dfõ § iaj¾K;s,ld ;=< we;s jk ìh" iel" wirKNdjh wdÈ

Ñ;a;dfõ. wef.a m%ldYk u.ska biau;= fõ'

Wod ( “hd fkdyelsh

ìhl=;a we; ud is; ;=<

l=;+y,h uevf.k tk'”

fujeks kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d yd tu.ska ksrEmKh jk ixls¾K udkj Ñ;a;dfõ. ms<sn| j

ms<s;=frys wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h'



wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h - 2019 ^kj ks¾foaYh&

71 - isxy, II

,l=Kq fn§hdu

II m;%h

I fldgi ^m<uq m%Yakh& ( fuu m%Yakh jrK 05 ne.ska jQ nyqjrK m%Yak 20lska iukaú; h'

m%Yak ish,a,g u ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= h' fuys tla m%Yakhlg ,l=Kq

01 ne.ska ,l=Kq 20ls'&

II fldgi ( fuu fldgi m%Yak 07lska iukaú; fõ' fojk yd f;jk m%Yak

wksjd¾h jk w;r iïmQ¾K 04lg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= h'

02 m%Yakh ( wjfndaOh - ,l=Kq 12 ^02 x 6 = 12&

idrdxYh - ,l=Kq 13 ^02 + 03 + 08 = 13&

03 m%Yakh ( rpkh - ,l=Kq 25

04 jk m%Yakfha isg 08 jk m%Yakh f;la ms<s;=re i|yd - ,l=Kq 15

(II jk m;%h i|yd uq¿ ,l=Kq 20 + 25 + 25 + 15 + 15 = 100)

wjidk ,l=Kq .Kkh lsÍu I m;%h = 100

II m;%h = 100

wjidk ,l=Kq = 200 ÷ 2 = 100



wNsu;d¾:

II m;%h - I fldgi

isxy, wCIr ud,dj" Bg wh;a úúO m%fNao" mo ixfhdackh" Wla;dLHd; Í;s yd NdIdfõ m%uqL jHdlrKdx. ms<sn| úNd. wfmalaIlhka i;= wjfndaOh úu¾Ykh lsÍu ñka wfmalaIs; h'

II m;%h - II fldgi

wfmalaIlhka i;= ixYaf,aIK yd úYaf,aIK YlH;dj o úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" ks¾udKd;aul l=i,;d fuka u wks¾ÈIag .oH mdGj, w¾:djfndaOh uek ne,Su o jdlH Í;s" m%uqL jHdlrKdx. yd YS,amsh ,laIK ms<sn| l=i,;d úu¾Ykh lsÍu o fï fldgiska wfmaCIs; h'









YSs% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;

w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.h$ f.ngh.j. (cau; ju)g; guPl;ir - 2019

kj ks¾foaYh$ Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lk

II m;%h

úIh wxlh úIhh ghl ,yf;fk; ghlk;;

,l=Kq §fï mámdáh$Gs;sp toq;Fk; jpl;lk;

I fldgi

m%Yak wxlh tpdh ,y.

ms<s;=re wxlh tpil ,y.

m%Yak wxlh tpdh ,y.

ms<s;=re wxlh tpil ,y.

01'

02'

03'

04'

05'

06'

07'

08'

09'

10'

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11'

12'

13'

14'

15'

16'

17'

18'

19'

20'

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úfYaI Wmfoia$ tpNrl mwpTWj;jy; (

tla ms<s;=rlg$ xU rupahd tpilf;F 01 ,l=Kq ne.ska$Gs;sp tPjk;

uq¿ ,l=Kq$nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 1 20 } 20 0

71 isxy,

4

5

2

2

5

3

3

5

1

2

1

5

3

1

4

1

5

4

3

2



^w& i|yd ms<s;=re

i. m%cdmdol wdrlaIs; cd,h hk kdufhka

ii. 1. idM,H;dj wvq ùu ksid orejkaf.a m%udKh my< hdu

2' foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ixl%uK

3' kd.ÍlrKh

4' ldka;djka /lshdj, ksr; ùu

îïmQ¾K ms<s;=rg ,l=Kq 02ls' fldgia 02la fyda 03la fyda we;akï ,l=Kq 01ls'

tla fldgila muKla we;akï ,l=Kq ysñ fkd fõ'&



iii. úhm;a jQjka yels;dla ÿrg rfÜ iuia; ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sfha fldgialrejka njg m;a

lr .ekSug m%;sm;a;s ieliSu

iv. 1' Èjd iq/l=ï uOHia:dk yd ;okqnoaO Okd;aul ,laIK

2' há;, myiqlï yd wjfYaI fiajdjka m%j¾Okh lsÍu

3' l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh jvd;a úêu;a lsÍu

4' ld¾h uKav,hg ksis mqyqKqjla ,nd §u

îïmQ¾K ms<s;=rg ,l=Kq 02ls' fldgia 02la fyda 03la fyda we;akï ,l=Kq 01ls' tla fldgila muKla we;akï ,l=Kq ysñ fkd fõ'&

v. mjq,a úixúOdkh $ Y%S ,dxflah ck iudcfhys isÿjk m%cdúoHd;aul yd iudc" wd¾Ól

fjkialï fya;=fjka yg.efkk mjq,a úixúOdkh ksid vi. jeäysá ck.yk m%;sY;h by< hdfï w¾nqohg

^,l=Kq 02 x 6 = 12 hs'&

^wd& idrdxYh ^jpk 50 - 60&

iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okh ìysjkafka ÿmam;a ck;djf.a ks¾udKkSh kj W;amdok Yla;sh

;=<ska jk w;r th w;sYh .eUqre l%shdj,shls

th mj;akd idïm%odhsl ixj¾Okh fjkqjg ìysjk úl,amhla ùu

fuh ndysr uQ,HdOdr" uyck m%fhdackhg wod< úúO iydkdOdr fyda fjk;a øjHuh

wdOdr wdÈh wfmalaIdfjka wdrïN jQ l%shdoduhla fkdùu

ck;djf.a iajYla;sh yd iyNd.s;ajh tlaùfuka ìysjk ks¾udK Yla;sh ixj¾Okfha

taldhk n,fõ.h ùu



úúO wdOdr u; hefmk jevigyka" tajd fkd,eîfuka kej;=K;a iyNd.s;aj

ixj¾Okfha § tfia fkd jkafka ck;djf.a kfjd;amdok Yla;sh j¾Okh ù ish;a nj

;=< /f|k neúka ùu

by; lreKq we;=<;a j f,aLk jHjydrfhka idrdxYh ,shd ;sìh hq;= h' idrdxYh tla fþohla f,i olajd ;sìh hq;= w;r fþoj,g fnod we;akï iuia;fhka ,l=Kq 02la wvq fõ' jpk ixLHdj 50 - 60 w;r ;sìh hq;= h' tu m%udKh wvq fyda jeä fyda fõ kï ,l=Kq 03la wvq fõ' idrdxYfha kshñ; jpk m%udKhg - ,l=Kq 02 hs' wlaIr úkHdihg - ,l=Kq 03 hs' wka;¾.;hg - ,l=Kq 08 hs'

jpk ixLHdj 300 - 350 w;r fõ kï by< ,l=Kq m%odkh l< yels h' jpk 400g jeä fõ kï fyda 250g wvq fõ kï fyda ,l=Kq 03la wvq l< hq;= fõ'

jdlH rpkhg ,l=Kq §fï § my; i|yka lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu iqÿiq h'

i. rpkh i|yd f;dard .;a ud;Dldj hgf;a m%udKj;a f,i lreKq talrdYSlrKh

ii. tu lreKq ixúOdkd;aul j bÈßm;a lsÍu

iii. lreKqj, meyeÈ,s nj

iv. ksrjoH wlaIr úkHdih wkq.ukh lr ;sîu

v. jHdlrK fodaI rys; ùu

vi. NdIdj jHla; f,i yeisrùu

vii. iqÿiq f,i mo fn§u yd fþo fjka lsÍu

viii. lshúh yels fia w;awl=re meyeÈ,s ùu

úúO NdId;aul m%fhda. Ndú;h ^fuys § Wmud" rEml" wdmaf;damfoaY" m%ia;dj msre`M

jeks wx. .ek ie,ls,a, fhduq lrkak' tfy;a ta fjkqfjka fjk fjk u ,l=Kq §u

wkjYH h' iuia;hla jYfhka rpkdfjys fulS wx. i,ld ,l=Kq m%odkh l< yels h'&



i. fï l¾udka; Yd,dfjys b;d olaI fiajlfhda we;' ii. wkd: ksjdi md,sldj Tyq orejl= $ orefjl= fuka we;s ±ä l<d h' iii. wm fjkqfjka jev lsÍu i|yd wms u fm< .efiuq' iv. ksjerÈ jelshls' v. ;k;=re f,daNfhka lghq;= lrkafkda wd;aud¾:ldóyq $wd;aud¾:ldñfhda fj;s'

^,l=Kq 01 x 5 = 05 hs'&

i. ckdêm;s úiska úfoaY ksfhdað;jßhla ms<s.eksKs $ ms<s.ekqKd h $ ms<s.kq ,enqjd h $ ms<s.kakd ,oa§ h'

ii. iudc fiajlhl= úiska ÿmam;a YsIH-YsIHdjkag fmd;a-m;a fnod fokq ,nhs $ ,efnhs'

iii. Tjqka úiska wêlrK kS;s-Í;Syq W,a,x>kh flfr;s $ flfr;a $ lrkq ,n;a $ ,efn;a $ ,n;s $ ,efn;s'

iv. ljqreka úiska fï úYd, jDCIfhda lmd ìu fyf<;a o@ $ fy<kq ,efn;a o@ $ ,n;a o@

v. l=ur;=̀.= uqksoiqka úiska „jHdlrK újrKh‟ ,sheúKs $ ,shejqfKa h $,shkq ,eìK $ ,eìKs $ ,enqfKa h $ ,enqfõ h $ ,eî h $ ,shk ,oafoa h $ ,shkd ,oafoa h $ ,shk ,È $ ,shkd ,È'

^,l=Kq 01 x 5 = 05 hs'&

i. lDóka - f.dúfhla ii. ks<shl - fma%laIlfhda iii. fyj;a - jQfha h iv. ksfõolhl= - wuq;af;da v. uerhka - hq;af;da

^,l=Kq 01 x 5 = 05 hs'&



^,l=Kq ^01 x 3& x 5 = 15 hs'&

jpkh jHdlrK wx.h

wkq wx.h

i i|ysre iudi o wre;a iuia $ o ldrd¾: $ oajkao $ pd¾: iudih

;=re ksmd; iSud w¾:h

fj;ajd l%shd wdis lsßh $ wdYS¾jdo $ m%d¾:kd l%shd

ii mqrdx.kdfjda ikaê iudk iajr §¾> $ ij¾K iajr §¾> $ iajr §¾>

jr,i ;oaê; iajd¾:h $ th u hk w¾:h

iqj| Wmi¾. jvd hk w¾:h $ wêl hk w¾:h $ w¾f:daoa§mkh lsÍï

w¾:h $ N+IKd¾:h

iii .hoa§ l%shd wiïNdjH l%shd $ winyõ lsßh $ld,d¾: wiïNdjH

l%shdj $ l,a wre;a winyõ lsßh

u ksmd; wjOdrK w¾:h

wiqkaj,ska úNla;s wjê úNla;sh $ wjÈ ún;a $ m[apó úNla;sh

iv fmïj;d ;oaê; wia;H¾:h $ we; hk w¾:h

oE; ikaê iajrdfoaY ikaê $ irfoia i|

uquqKñka l%shd ñY% ls%hd $ uqiq lsßh

v iq<`.ska úNla;s lrK úNla;sh $ lrK ún;a

fi,jqKq lDoka; w;S; lDoka; $l¾uldrl w;S; lDoka;

rx.N+ñfhys úNla;s wor ún;a $ wdOdr úNla;sh $ ima;ó úNla;sh



i. W;aijh ii. .S; iii. merKs iv. Wf,< v. .S vi. mqrdK

i. y;a;äh iv. Yd,dêm;s ii. oE`.=,a v. mkaid<sia iii. lf:daml:k vi. mqkre;a:dmk

i. ráka (- wúê úNla;sh $ wjÈ ún;a $ m[apó úNla;sh rgg (- iïm%odk úNla;sh $ imoka ún;a $ p;=¾Ó úNla;sh ii. isxy,hks (- wd,mk úNla;sh $ w,ma ún;a nqoaO.hdj (- l¾u úNla;sh $ lï ún;a

iii. ;u (- iïnkaO úNla;sh $ in| ún;a $ IIaá úNla;sh Okj;df.a (- iïnkaO úNla;sh $ in| ún;a $ IIaá úNla;sh

^,l=Kq ½ x 6 = 03 hs'&



i. uy;auhdKks$ uy;añhks" fm'j' 9'00g /iaùu werfUk nj ±kqï foñ'

ii. „wfka! uf.a mq;%hd fldys o@‟ hkqfjka wE ú,dm ke`.=jd h'

iii. “b| b| tl fjfyr

ú| ú| oyï ukyr

is| ì| ÿla iir

wfyda! foõo;a kqÿá fudlamqr”

hk lúh Tyq isyska iajrfhka ññKqfõ h'

^,l=Kq ½ x 6 = 03 hs'&

i. ;ud ;udf.a ld¾hh kS;Hkql+, j bgq lrk nj $ j. f,alï ksfõokh lf<a h' ii. cd;sl wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍug Tyq Tyqf.a $weh wehf.a j.lSu bgq lrk f,i $ fuka úksYaphldrhd wK lf<a h' iii. ;uka ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; tÈk $ tu Èk mgka n,d;aul lrk nj $ j.

uka;S%jre tl y`äka lshd isáhy'

^,l=Kq 01 x 3 = 03 hs'&



i. wia;x.;" wdl%uKh" wdya,dockl" ldYHmfhda" mqrjñhka" ufkdar[ackSh" iqrjñhka ^wldrdÈ ms<sfj< ksjerÈ kï ,l=Kq 03la fokak' tlla fyda jerÈ kï ,l=Kq ysñ fkd fõ'&

ii. iS.sß - §¾> biams,a," flá biams,a," flá biams,a, is;=fõ h - flá biams,a," flá mdms,a," fldïnqj yd §¾>;aj ,laIKh $ y,a ,l=K $ y,a ms,a, ±lSu - flá weoh $ welau $ weldrdxYh" §¾> biams,a,

îïmQ¾K ms<s;=rg ,l=Kq 1hs' fldgila ksjerÈ jQ muKska ,l=Kq ysñ fkd fõ'&

^,l=Kq 01 x 3 = 03 hs'&

iii. 1. wdl%uKh 2' ufkdar[ackSh 3' rdcH;ajh

^,l=Kq 01 x 3 = 03 hs'&

iv. iajNdj + w,xldr - iudk iajr §¾> ikaêh $ ij¾K iajr §¾> ikaêh $ iajr §¾> ikaêh iqre + w;ska - mQ¾jiajr f,dam ikaêh $ fmr ir f,dma i| is;a + lï - mQ¾j rEm ikaêh $ fmr rE i|

^úikaê lsÍug ,l=Kq 1$2 hs' ikaê úê olaùug ,l=Kq 1$2 hs'& îkaêh kï fkd fldg mshjßka mshjr ilia lsÍug ,l=Kq ysñ fkd fõ'&

v. meñfKñka isáhy lf<d;a ^01 x 3 = 03 hs'&

îsh,a, ,l=Kq 03x 5 = 15 hs'&



^fuys ye¢kaùug ,l=Kq 02 hs' WodyrKj,g ,l=Kq 03 hs'&

(i) mQ¾jijr f,dam ikaêh

mQ¾jiajrh f,dma fldg" mriajrh mQ¾j mofha w. we;s jH[ackh yd .e<mSfuka ilid .kakd ikaêh mQ¾jiajr f,dam ikaêh kï fõ'

Wod( Èk + biqre = Èksiqre hk + tk = hfkk È.= + wd = È.d ^§¾>dhqI& iqr + b÷ = iqß÷ Ok + we;s = Oke;s wdÈ WodyrK

(ii) mQ¾j l%shd

l¾;Df.a wjidk l%shdjg fmr tu l¾;D úiska lrkq ,enQ ish¨ l%shd mQ¾j l%shd jYfhka

y÷kajhs'

Wod( meñK" krUd" n,d" y`vd" .hd" kgd" ,shd" lshd" keue|" meñK" úfldg" î" î,d" ld,d

wïud u,a lvd nqÿka jekaod h'

uu ,smshla ,shd th lshùñ'

kx.S .S .hd kegqula bÈßm;a l<d h'

iii. úfYaIK iudih

;=,HdêlrK úfYaIKhla" úfYaIHh iu`. .e<mS isÿjk iudih úfYaIK iudih kï

fjhs'

mQ¾j mofhys yd mr mofhys ,laIK wkqj úfYaIK iudih mia jeoEreï h'

1' úfYaIK mQ¾j mo iudih - ks,awyi" iqÿf.dkd" isis,ameka

2' úfYaIK W;a;r$wmr mo iudih - fiaklm`ä" ry,al=ure" foõo;af;r

3' Wmudk mQ¾j mo úfYaIK iudih - .,ays;" u,ayskdj" ;sir;k

4' Wmudk W;a;r$ wmr mo úfYaIK iudih - uqjmshqu" krisy" md;Ur

5' ixLHd mQ¾j mo úfYaIK iudih - kjfodr" mkais,a" oimk;



iv. wkuHlrKh

isxy, NdIdfõ kuH iajr ;=kls' tajd kï" „w" W" T‟ hk iajr hs' “iqÿiq ;kays

kefuk fyhska kuH kduh fhfoa'” fïjd wkuH iajr njg m;a jkafka „we" b" t‟

hk f,ig h'

ta wkqj"

w > we

W > b

T > t

ksoiqka (

1' „w‟j¾K > „we‟j¾K ùu

n,a,d- ne,a,S n,hs - nef,hs

uy¨ - ueye,s ydrhs - yEfrhs

2' „W‟j¾K > „b‟j¾K ùu

Wl=Kq - blsKs W;=rhs - b;sfrhs

j÷re - je¢ß iQrhs - iSfrhs

3' „T‟j¾K > „t‟j¾K ùu

fld¨ - fl,s Trjhs - trfjhs

fidr - fir fidaohs - fiafohs

v. lKaGc wlaIr

W.=r yd Èj uq," ms<sfj<ska ia:dkh yd lrKh ùfuka WmÈk wlaIr lKaGc

wlaIr jYfhka y÷kajhs' tajd kï"

w" wd" we" wE" l" L" ." >" X" `." y" w# hk wlaIr hs'

^,l=Kq 05 x 3 = 15 hs'&

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71 - isxy, I - Doenets.lk · kej; ,shd flá w;aik fhdokak' 4' tla tla m%Yakfh wkq fldgiaj, m