43 One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an identical fork. The

two forks do not touch. The second tuning fork starts to vibrate

because of —

F interference

G the Doppler effect

H resonance

J standing waves

44 The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar string is

determined by the —

A frequency of the vibration produced

B strength of the plucking force

C distance between the strings

D shape of the guitar body

45 Which wave has the greatest velocity?

A

B

C

D

46 When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into

account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The

bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is

known as —

F reflection

G refraction

H diffraction

J polarization

Laser Light Striking a DVD

47 When a DVD is read, laser light touches the DVD surface and is

then measured at location A. What allows light to return to location A

after striking the DVD surface?

F Conduction

G Refraction

H Magnification

J Reflection

48 An empty cup was tightly covered with plastic wrap, and a few grains

of salt were sprinkled on top of the plastic. When a tuning fork was

struck and placed slightly above the plastic wrap, the salt began to

move. Which characteristic of waves does the movement of the salt

best demonstrate?

A Echo formation

B Diffraction

C Resonance

D Specular reflection

49 The diagram shows waves approaching a barrier. Which pattern will be formed after

the waves pass through the opening in the barrier?

A C

B D

50 A tuning fork with a frequency of 256 Hz vibrates when struck.

Because of these vibrations, a nearby tuning fork begins to vibrate

without being struck. Which of the following best accounts for the

vibration of the second tuning fork?

F Resonance

G Polarization

H Diffraction

J Refraction

51 Diverging lenses are useful to people who suffer from

nearsightedness because the lenses can cause images of distant

objects to be focused on the retina. Lenses allow images to be

focused on the retina because of —

F diffusion

G reflection

H diffraction

J refraction

52 A guitar player is seated next to a piano. The piano player strikes an

E key on the piano. The guitarist reports that this causes the E string

on his guitar to vibrate. What is the name of this phenomenon?

A Polarization

B Resonance

C Reflection

D Diffraction

53 A surface wave generated by an earthquake was recorded at Seismic Station 1.

Forty seconds later the same wave was recorded at Seismic Station 2. What

accounts for the time difference?

F The origin of the wave is closer to Seismic Station 1.

G The speed of the wave decreases with distance.

H The wavelength is longer at Seismic Station 2.

J The wave frequency increases when the wave passes through soil.

54 Which process best shows the conversion of solar energy to

chemical energy?

F Prevailing winds causing windmills to spin

G Green plants making their own food

H Uranium producing heat to make steam

J Tides generating electricity

55 What is the potential energy of the rock?

A 59,900 joules

B 64,600 joules

C 93,100 joules

D 121,600 joules

56 Which of the following is an example of solar energy being

converted into chemical energy?

F Plants producing sugar during the day

G Water evaporating and condensing in the water cycle

H The sun unevenly heating Earth’s surface

J Lava erupting from volcanoes for many days

57 Why is the sum of the products’ energy in this reaction less than

the sum of the reactants’ energy?

A Energy is given off as heat.

B The products absorb available energy.

C Energy is trapped in the reactants.

D The reactants’ energy is less than the melting point of glucose.

58 An inventor claims to have created an internal combustion engine

that converts 100 kJ of chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of

mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of conservation of —

F momentum

G inertia

H energy

J mass

59 Assuming the chart contains all energy transformations in the Earth

system, how much solar radiation goes toward evaporating water?

F 40,000 terajoules

G 92,410 terajoules

H 121,410 terajoules

J 133,410 terajoules

Solar Radiation and Earth

Effect

Amount of Energy

per Second

(terajoules)

Solar radiation reaching Earth 173,410

Radiation reflected back into

space 52,000

Radiation heating atmosphere,

landmasses, and oceans 81,000

Radiation producing winds

and ocean currents 370

Radiation used in

photosynthesis 40

Radiation resulting in

evaporation of water ?

60 According to the equation E = mc2, mass —

F travels at the speed of light

G can be transformed into energy

H contains light energy

J is doubled when exposed to light

61 What is the approximate difference in gravitational potential energy

of the two shaded boxes?

F 19 J

G 39 J

H 59 J

J 79 J

62 The temperature of the water increases by 8°C when the metal

block is added. Which could cause the temperature of the water to

increase by 10°C after the metal block is added?

F Using 500 g of water

G Using a larger beaker

H Adding more 20°C water

J Adding heat to the metal block

Temperature

(°C)

Mass

(g)

Metal Block 120 100

Water 20 400

63 Because ancient Greeks lived close to water, they may have enjoyed

a more constant climate than if they had lived inland. Water

warms up and cools down more slowly than land. This is because of

water’s —

F boiling point

G specific heat

H melting point

J specific gravity

64 How much heat is lost by 2.0 grams of water if the temperature

drops from 31°C to 29°C? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·°C.

A 4.0 J

B 6.2 J

C 8.4 J

D 16.7 J

65 Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat convection

does not occur in solids because solids are unable to —

A absorb heat by vibrating

B transfer heat by fluid motion

C emit radiation by reflecting light

D exchange heat by direct contact

66 A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat water. The heater’s

panel is painted black to —

F improve emission of infrared radiation

G reduce the heat loss by convection currents

H improve absorption of infrared radiation

J reduce the heater’s conducting properties

67 The moon’s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day

because the sun transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is

accomplished almost entirely through the process of —

F convection

G refraction

H conduction

J radiation

68 In which container is the substance unable to transfer heat by

convection?

F H

G J

69 Container P and Container Q each were filled with 0.5 liter of

water. The water was heated to 90°C. The table shows the

temperatures after both containers were allowed to cool for 3

minutes. Compared to Container Q, Container P is a better —

A conductor

B absorber

C radiator

D insulator

Temperatures of Water in

Different Containers

Container

Initial

Temperature

(°C)

Final

Temperature

(°C)

P 90 83

Q 90 76

70 The transfer of heat by the movement of air currents in Earth’s

atmosphere is an example of —

A conduction

B convection

C radiation

D fusion

71 An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it —

A allows more heat to be trapped in the lower atmosphere

B depletes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

C releases energy trapped inside Earth

D destroys light energy that plants need for photosynthesis

72 Which of these activities can help conserve natural resources?

F Recycling cardboard boxes

G Washing small loads of laundry

H Driving large cars

J Building wooden fences

73 In West Texas and Southern California, high winds drive turbines

that generate electricity. One advantage that wind energy has

over energy generated from solar cells is that wind energy —

A is plentiful everywhere

B can be generated at night

C produces cleaner energy

D is free of environmental hazards

74 Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution than gasoline-

powered cars. However, one environmental concern of using

battery-powered cars is that batteries —

A are heavier than gasoline engines

B waste more energy than gasoline engines

C contain toxic substances that are difficult to dispose of

D produce direct current rather than alternating current

75 All of these materials can be recycled except —

F aluminum

G lumber

H glass

J coal

76 This picture shows a small section of a solar power plant. Which of

these decreases the energy production at such power plants?

F Cloudy skies

G Ozone in the air

H Hot weather

J Low humidity

77 Which of these produces most of the compounds responsible for

causing acid rain?

A Nuclear fission

B Fossil fuels

C Solar cells

D Windmills

78 Before 1992, in order to prevent hydrogen gas from being produced,

the zinc powder in some alkaline batteries was covered with

mercury. Mercury is toxic to many life-forms. Which of the following

best explains how mercury from batteries got into the environment?

A Newly manufactured batteries were transported long distances.

B Operating batteries increased the temperature of conductors.

C Used batteries discarded in landfills decomposed.

D Voltage loss occurred between battery terminals.

79 One economic benefit of using rechargeable batteries instead of

disposable batteries is that rechargeable batteries —

F are cheaper to manufacture

G can be packaged in small containers

H can be used many times

J generate their own electricity

80 Electric power plants that burn fossil fuels generate billions of tons of

carbon dioxide and other gases. How might replacing these power

plants with solar cells affect the environment?

A The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere might increase.

B Less land might be needed to produce the same amount of

electricity.

C Forest fires resulting from highly flammable emissions might be

avoided.

D The amount of released gases that trap atmospheric heat might

be reduced.

81 The typical automobile’s kinetic energy is converted to heat energy

when the brakes are applied. A braking system that converts kinetic

energy to electrical energy instead of heat energy has been

designed. The electrical energy can be used later to move the car

again. How does a system like this benefit the environment?

F Greater use of solar energy

G Ability to harness wind energy

H Decreased use of fossil fuels

J Use of renewable hydroelectricity

82 Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and nickel are often found

in landfills and occasionally leach into rivers, lakes, and other bodies

of water. Such heavy metals are toxic to wildlife and to humans.

Which of the following sources of environmental contamination is

most often associated with these heavy metals?

F Batteries

G Plastics

H Automobile exhaust

J Tobacco smoke

83 Which of these is an advantage of producing electricity using solar

power plants rather than using coal-fired power plants?

A Solar power plants can operate for about 10 hours per day.

B Solar power plants can produce variable amounts of energy.

C Solar power plants produce fewer pollutants.

D Solar power plants require continuous sunlight.

84 Which of these devices uses the sun’s energy directly?

A Windmill

B Hydroelectric dam

C Nuclear power plant

D Photovoltaic cell

85 A company has decided to market itself as environmentally friendly.

If the company is going to sell calculators, the use of which energy

source would produce the fewest by-products and the least waste?

F Rechargeable batteries

G Solar cells

H Dry-cell batteries

J Tesla coils

Objective 5 Answer Key

Question Correct Answer

Objective

Measured

Student

Expectation Source - item number

1 A 5 IPC 4A 2002 Info Booklet – 14

2 D 5 IPC 4A 2004 Info Booklet – 25

3 D 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 27

4 F 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 42

5 B 5 IPC 4A 2003 TAKS – 45

6 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2004 TAKS – 54

7 C 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS – 21

8 A 5 IPC 4A Jul 2004 TAKS – 41

9 H 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 12

10 J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 18

11 J 5 IPC 4A Apr 2006 TAKS – 32

12 C 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 7

13 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 26

14 D 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 41

15 J 5 IPC 4A Oct 2005 TAKS – 50

16 H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 22

17 H 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 26

18 C 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 49

19 D 5 IPC 4A Feb 2006 TAKS – 51

20 G 5 IPC 4A Jul 2006 TAKS – 24

21 B 5 IPC 4B 2004 Info Booklet – 22

22 C 5 IPC 4B 2003 TAKS – 11

23 C 5 IPC 4B Apr 2004 TAKS – 41

24 F 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 12

25 490 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 20

Objective 5 Answer Key

Question Correct Answer

Objective

Measured

Student

Expectation Source - item number

26 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2004 TAKS – 38

27 G 5 IPC 4B Apr 2006 TAKS – 52

28 D 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS – 11

29 G 5 IPC 4B Oct 2005 TAKS – 44

30 G 5 IPC 4B Feb 2006 TAKS – 46

31 J 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS – 8

32 630 5 IPC 4B Jul 2006 TAKS – 20

33 C 5 IPC 4B Fall 2005 TAKS – 17

34 C 5 IPC 4D 2002 Info Booklet – 13

35 B 5 IPC 4D 2004 Info Booklet – 23

36 G 5 IPC 4D 2003 TAKS – 48

37 F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2004 TAKS – 46

38 G 5 IPC 4D Jul 2004 TAKS – 10

39 H 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 22

40 C 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 29

41 F 5 IPC 4D Apr 2006 TAKS – 50

42 B 5 IPC 5B 2004 Info Booklet – 21

43 H 5 IPC 5B 2003 TAKS – 32

44 A 5 IPC 5B Apr 2004 TAKS – 55

45 B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS – 7

46 G 5 IPC 5B Jul 2004 TAKS – 14

47 J 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS – 6

48 C 5 IPC 5B Apr 2006 TAKS – 17

49 B 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS – 3

50 F 5 IPC 5B Oct 2005 TAKS – 32

Objective 5 Answer Key

Question Correct Answer

Objective

Measured

Student

Expectation Source - item number

51 J 5 IPC 5B Feb 2006 TAKS – 24

52 B 5 IPC 5B Jul 2006 TAKS – 39

53 F 5 IPC 5B Fall 2005 TAKS – 42

54 G 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS – 14

55 C 5 IPC 6A 2003 TAKS – 41

56 F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 12

57 A 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 37

58 H 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 48

59 F 5 IPC 6A Apr 2004 TAKS – 52

60 G 5 IPC 6A Oct 2005 TAKS – 52

61 G 5 IPC 6A Feb 2006 TAKS – 38

62 J 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS – 8

63 G 5 IPC 6A Fall 2005 TAKS – 18

64 D 5 IPC 6B 2004 Info Booklet – 24

65 B 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS – 43

66 H 5 IPC 6B 2003 TAKS – 50

67 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS – 8

68 J 5 IPC 6B Apr 2004 TAKS – 42

69 D 5 IPC 6B Jul 2004 TAKS – 43

70 B 5 IPC 6B Jul 2006 TAKS – 13

71 A 5 IPC 6B Fall 2005 TAKS – 27

72 F 5 IPC 6D 2003 TAKS – 54

73 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2004 TAKS – 45

74 C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS – 49

75 J 5 IPC 6D Jul 2004 TAKS – 54

Objective 5 Answer Key

Question Correct Answer

Objective

Measured

Student

Expectation Source - item number

76 F 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS – 4

77 B 5 IPC 6D Apr 2006 TAKS – 37

78 C 5 IPC 6D Oct 2005 TAKS – 39

79 H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 2

80 D 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 13

81 H 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 16

82 F 5 IPC 6D Feb 2006 TAKS – 44

83 C 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 9

84 D 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 19

85 G 5 IPC 6D Jul 2006 TAKS – 28