Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Pavlov’s ExperimentPavlov’s Experiment

Neutral StimulusNeutral Stimulus

Pavlov used a Pavlov used a tuning forktuning fork

A tuning fork has A tuning fork has nothing to do with nothing to do with salivationsalivation

Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus

Food normally will Food normally will lead to salivation.lead to salivation.

You do not need to You do not need to be taught to be taught to salivate when you salivate when you see food.see food.

Unconditioned ResponseUnconditioned Response

At the sight or At the sight or smell of food a dog smell of food a dog will salivatewill salivate

Conditioned StimulusConditioned Stimulus

Pavlov wanted the Pavlov wanted the dog to have a dog to have a physical reaction to physical reaction to the tuning forkthe tuning fork

The tuning fork The tuning fork became the became the conditioned conditioned stimulusstimulus

Conditioned ResponseConditioned Response

The dog began to The dog began to salivate at the salivate at the sound of the tuning sound of the tuning forkfork

Previously it had Previously it had done nothing at done nothing at this soundthis sound

Generalization: OvalGeneralization: Oval

First Pavlov First Pavlov conditioned a dog conditioned a dog to salivate at the to salivate at the sight of a circle.sight of a circle.

Then it also began Then it also began to salivate at the to salivate at the sight of an ovalsight of an oval

Discrimination: Circle vs. Discrimination: Circle vs. OvalOval

To solve the To solve the problem of problem of generalizationgeneralization

Only give food Only give food when there is a when there is a circle picturecircle picture

Dog will learn to Dog will learn to salivate only upon salivate only upon seeing a circle. seeing a circle.

ExtinctionExtinction

Behavior stops if Behavior stops if the dog is no the dog is no longer presented longer presented with food.with food.

Unconditioned Stimulus (Dinner was chili with brats and I had come down with the flu)

Unconditioned Response (reflex)(That night I threw up dinner)

Conditioned Stimulus (The smell of Chili or brats)

Conditioned Response (makes me feel sick)

Little AlbertLittle Albert

John B. WatsonJohn B. Watson

Step 1: Present the ratStep 1: Present the rat

Albert laughs and Albert laughs and tries to reach out tries to reach out and touch the and touch the white furry ratwhite furry rat

Step 2: Loud noiseStep 2: Loud noise

When Albert When Albert reaches out to reaches out to touch the rat a touch the rat a metal bar is hit metal bar is hit with a hammer.with a hammer.

Albert does not like Albert does not like this sound and this sound and begins to whimperbegins to whimper

GeneralizationGeneralization

Unconditioned Stimulus(Loud noise)

Unconditioned Response(Crying/scared)

Conditioned Stimulus(Furry white rat)

Conditioned Response(Crying/scared)

Ethical Practice?Ethical Practice?

Now Albert will Now Albert will only play with only play with blocks because his blocks because his response to the response to the furry white objects furry white objects is fear. is fear.

Albert was later Albert was later adopted and his adopted and his behavior was not behavior was not extinguished. extinguished.

Anne GeddesAnne Geddes