-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
1/21
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
2/21
Deep Water and High Pressure?- Global problem- Highlighted by BP
Macondo disaster in 2010
- Why do we get high pressure in Deep Water?
- What are the implications for cost?
- What are the implications for new exploration
opportunities?
The Technology Solutions- Drilling practices: - Handling narrow
margins
- Revised well design
- Mapping of overpressures in sands + shale-based
interpretations
- Understanding the Geology!
OUTLINE of PRESENTATION
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
3/21
Ikon GeoPressure project locations
Link words between Deep Water areas andpressure
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
4/21
Operations Account: BP Macondofrom bp.com website
BP encountered a number of obstacles while drilling Macondo.
Two cement repair operations, or squeezes, were required
because of weak formations and possible problems with cement.On
several occasions, fluid losses into the formationnecessitated the
use of lost-circulation material (LCM) to stop the
escape of fluids. On March 8, 2010, a 35-barrel (bbl) influx
ofhydrocarbons, or kick, occurred, sticking a section of drill
pipe
in the well.10 The drill crew had to plug the affected section
of the
well with cement and drill a side-track in order to continue. In
early
April, additional fluid losses to the formation prompted BP
engineers to change the total planned depth of the well
from20,200 ft. to 18,360 ft. to maintain the integrity of the
well.
BP Macondo involved 7 casing strings plus productioncasing. 13
3/8 Casing set 2,155 feet high due to elevated
pore pressures. Contingent casing required.
DEEP WATER = EXPENSIVE WELLS
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
5/21
Minimal W.D. 5000 ft W.D.
Sea-bed
Sea-bed
Impact of Deep Water
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
6/21
Fracture Gradient
Hydrostatic
Lithostatic
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
-0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Multi-well Pressure-Depth PlotPressureView 3 GeoPressure
Technology Ltd
Depth
(ft)TVDSS
Pressure (psia)
RFT MDT
DeepwaterMC 778/1 + ST
Fracture Gradient
Hydrostatic
Lithostatic
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
8 10 12 14 16
Multi-well Density-Depth PlotPressureView 3 GeoPressure
Technology Ltd
Depth
(ft)TVDSS
Equivalent Mud Weight (ppg) - calculated from sea level
RFT MDT
Continuousnarrowdrilling
margin (
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
7/21
DEEP WATER
DEEP WATER = SHALLOW HIGH PRESSURE
Shallow Water FlowsIsolated HP reservoirs
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
8/21
SHELFSLOPE
Low fluid
retentioncapacity
High fluid
retentioncapacity
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
9/21
Challenges which lead to high costs- High pressure BOP stacks-
Expensive rigs or drillships
- Shallow Water Flows and other shallow hazards
- Long sections with narrow drilling margins
- Many casing strings and contingency strings
- Remote locations (e.g. Greenland; Guyana; Mauritania)
Global experience
- Wells > $200MM are now routine in Deep Water GOM
- Not all wells able to reach target (e.g. West Africa)
ALL WELLS REQUIRE PRESSURE PREDICTION WITH KNOWLEDGE
OF UNCERTAINTY PRIOR TO WELL DESIGN
HIGH COST WELLS
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
10/21
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
11/21
Sand vs. Shale Pressures - Lateral Drainage
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
12/21
Challenge of drilling in deep water
CHALLENGE SOLUTION!
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
13/21
New Developments inDrilling Technology
Dual Gradient Drilling
Pressure While Drilling(PWD)
Managed PressureDrilling (MPD)
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
14/21
Dual Density Drilling: One Possible Solution
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
15/21
Dual gradient drilling for deep water
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
16/21
Regional
Aquifers
Lateral Drainage and
Hydrodynamics
Shale-based
pore pressures
Overpressure
Analysis
Pressure cells/
Compartments
StratigraphyTectonics
Geothermal
Well PlotsOverpressures
Reservoirpressures
Seal Breach
Analysis of Leak-Off Test dataPore pressure:
stress coupling
Fracture Gradient
Overburden
Gradient
Pore Pressure
Prediction
+
+
Overburden
Gradient
Normal
compaction
analysis
Application to
Well PlanningMigrationFault Seal
Tilted
contacts
Regional
informs the
local
Overpressure
Mechanisms
Compare shale and
reservoir pressures
WELL DATA (sonic, resisitivity and
density), LOT, t emperature etc
Logs, reports, seismic, temperature
DATABASE
REGIONAL
GEOLOGY
Regional Pressure StudyThe Concept
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
17/21
1. High pressure, narrow margin drilling
conditions (deep-water)
2. Rapid pressure transition zones: pressure
increases from 9 to 14+ ppg in
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
18/21
PHASE ONE
DEEP WATER AND ULTRA-DEEP WATER AREAS
Phase ThreeOnshore Area
Phase TwoContinental Shelf
HIGH PRESSURE AND LATERAL DRAINAGE
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
19/21
OUTER THRUST ZONE
HIGH PRESSURE AND LATERAL DRAINAGE
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
20/21
Hydrodynamics = Exploration Opportunities
Enhanced seal capacity Migration conduits
Tilted fluid contacts
Non-structural
control on trapping
New exploration
opportunities
-
8/10/2019 4- Pressure Regimes DW Finding Petroleum Final
21/21
Ikon GeoPressuresDeep Water Experience- Global projectsmany in
WD > 1000m
- W. Africa, Greenland, NW Europe, E. Canada, SE Asia
- Understanding of the Geologyof pressure
- No reliance on empirical methods
- Software implementation in RokDoc- Proprietary
Workflows/algorithms
- World leader in Regional Pressure Studies (power of
analogues)
- Specialise in deep (and hot) areas where traditional
predictionmethods do not provide adequate solutions
Ikon GeoPressure and Deep Water
QUESTIONS
