4. Personality n Values

7/28/2019 4. Personality n Values

1/28

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S

E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N

W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S 2005 Prentice Hall Inc.All rights reserved.

PowerPoint Presentationby Charlie Cook

Chapter 4

Personalityand Values

TWELFTH EDITION


2/28

2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 41

What is Personality?

Personality

The sum total of ways in which an individual reactsand interacts with others.

Personality Traits

Enduring characteristicsthat describe anindividuals behavior.

Personality

Determinants

Heredity

Environment

Situation


3/28


The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality Types

Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)

Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)

Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)

Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A personality test that taps four characteristics andclassifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.


4/28


Myers-

Briggs

Sixteen

Primary

Traits


5/28


The Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions

ExtroversionSociable, gregarious, and assertive

AgreeablenessGood-natured, cooperative, and trusting.

ConscientiousnessResponsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.

Openness to ExperienceImaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism.

Emotional Stability

Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed,and insecure (negative).


6/28


Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Locus of control

Machiavellianism

Self-esteem

Self-monitoring

Risk taking

Type A personality


7/28


Locus of Control

Locus of ControlThe degree to which people believe theyare masters of their own fate.

InternalsIndividuals who believe that theycontrol what happens to them.

Externals

Individuals who believe thatwhat happens to them iscontrolled by outside forcessuch as luck or chance.


8/28


Machiavellianism

Conditions Favoring High Machs

Direct interaction

Minimal rules and regulations

Emotions distract for others

Machiavellianism (Mach)

Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,maintains emotional distance, and believesthat ends can justify means.


9/28


Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)

Individuals degree of likingor disliking themselves.

Self-Monitoring

A personality trait that measuresan individuals ability to adjusthis or her behavior to external,

situational factors.


10/28


Risk-Taking

High Risk-taking Managers Make quicker decisions

Use less information to make decisions

Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurialorganizations

Low Risk-taking Managers

Are slower to make decisions

Require more information before making decisions

Exist in larger organizations with stable environments


11/28


Personality TypesType As

1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;

2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;

3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;

4. cannot cope with leisure time;

5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in

terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.

Type Bs

1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its

accompanying impatience;

2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievementsor accomplishments;

3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their

superiority at any cost;

4. can relax without guilt.


12/28


Personality Types

Proactive Personality

Identifies opportunities,shows initiative, takesaction, and perseveres

until meaningful changeoccurs.

Creates positive changein the environment,

regardless or even inspite of constraints orobstacles.


13/28


Values

Values

Basic convictions that a specificmode of conduct or end-state ofexistence is personally or socially

preferable to an opposite orconverse mode of conduct orend-state of existence.

Value SystemA hierarchy based on a ranking ofan individuals values in terms oftheir intensity.


14/28


Importance of Values

Provide understanding of the attitudes,motivation, and behaviors of individuals and

cultures.

Influence our perception of the world around us.

Represent interpretations of right and wrong.

Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are

preferred over others.


15/28


Types of Values- Rokeach Value Survey

Terminal ValuesDesirable end-states ofexistence; the goals that aperson would like to achieve

during his or her lifetime.

Instrumental Values

Preferable modes of behavioror means of achieving onesterminal values.


16/28


Values in

the

Rokeach

Survey

E X H I B I T 31

Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human

Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973).


17/28


Values in

the

Rokeach

Survey

(contd)

E X H I B I T 31 (contd)

Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human

Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973).


18/28


Mean Value Rankings of

Executives, Union

Members, and Activists

E X H I B I T 32

Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, The Values of

Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and

Normative Implications, in W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (eds.)

Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (Greenwich,

CT: JAI Press, 1990), pp. 12344.


19/28


Dominant Work Values in Todays Workforce

E X H I B I T 33


20/28


Values, Loyalty, and Ethical Behavior

Ethical Climate in

the Organization

Ethical Values and

Behaviors of Leaders


21/28


Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures

Power Distance

The extent to which a society accepts thatpower in institutions and organizations isdistributed unequally.

low distance: relatively equal distributionhigh distance: extremely unequal distribution


22/28


Hofstedes Framework (contd)

Collectivism

A tight social framework inwhich people expectothers in groups of which

they are a part to lookafter them and protectthem.

Individualism

The degree to whichpeople prefer to act asindividuals rather than

a member of groups.


23/28



Achievement

The extent to which societalvalues are characterized byassertiveness, materialism and

competition.

Nurturing

The extent to which societalvalues emphasize relationshipsand concern for others.


24/28



Uncertainty AvoidanceThe extent to which a society feels threatened byuncertain and ambiguous situations and tries toavoid them.


25/28



Long-term OrientationA national culture attributethat emphasizes the future,thrift, and persistence.

Short-term Orientation

A national culture attribute that

emphasizes the past andpresent, respect for tradition,and fulfilling social obligations.


26/28


Achieving Person-Job Fit

Personality Types

Realistic

Investigative

Social

Conventional

Enterprising Artistic

Personality-Job FitTheory (Holland)

Identifies six personalitytypes and proposes that

the fit between personalitytype and occupationalenvironment determinessatisfaction and turnover.


27/28


Hollands

Typology of

Personality

and

Congruent

Occupations

E X H I B I T 42


28/28


Relationships

among

OccupationalPersonality

Types

E X H I B I T 43Source: Reprinted by special permission of the publisher, Psychological

Assessment Resources, Inc., from Making Vocational Choices, copyright 1973,

1985, 1992 by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. All rights reserved.

Documents

4. Personality n Values