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7/29/2019 35 Zuzy Anna Fisherwomen in Face of Uncertainty
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ZuzyZuzy AnnaAnna
FacultyofFisheriesandMarineScience,FacultyofFisheriesandMarineScience,PadjadjaranPadjadjaran University,IndonesiaUniversity,[email protected]@gmail.com
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ClimateChange AnthropogenicFactors
Decliningfisheriesproduction
Uncertaintiesinlivelihoodsmall
scalefishers
A ectcoasta
communities
severelysociallyandeconomically
Povertyin
Coastal
Communities
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The Study ..The Study .. Explore gender dimension of fishing activities and the
role of fisherwomen to cope with uncertainties in familyve oo
Analyze uncertainties and the degree of women
Fisheries technique.
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Gender Dimension in Fishing activitiesGender Dimension in Fishing activities
n or oas o en ra avan or oas o en ra ava
Backup
Fishing FishLanding FishSelling NonFishing
Gearandequipment
Sortingandselectionof
fishtypesMarketto
specificproduct Supportingeconomic
WomenaretheWomen Womenselectfishtobesold Womenaretheplayerofthe
market
necessitiesto
fishing
andprocessedfordifferent
purposes
mainplayerforthisactivities
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CentralJava JavaSea 30.00l)
FishingProductivity
0.00
10.00
20.00
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
uctivity(ton/vess
350000
GearProd Year
Payang driftgillnet Setgillnet
100000
150000
200000
250000
Fish
Landing(ton)
0
19981999200020012002200320042005
Year
IndianOceanRegencyCity
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Semarang
City
Frequency/year Time (hours) Scale (m) Impact Mitigation
> < > ,
Tugu Sub District
Flood 53% 6%-
35
%
12
%
53
% 29% 59%
35
%-
18
%
12
%
94
% - 41% 53% 59%-
- -41 71 29
-12 12 71 12
-
Erossion-
7% -
12
%
71
%
88
% 6% 6% 100% 53%-
Wave 29% - 24%
18
% 6%
47
% 18% - 6%
71
% 6%
76
%
53
% 6% 6% 35% 47% -
Drought 6% 6% 18% 6%- -
41%- - - -
% %-
18%-
35%-
North Semarang Sub District
Rob- - -
100
%-
73
% 27% 100%- -
33
%-
27
%
33
% 87% 47% 7%-
Erossion 12% - % - - 7% 7% - 7% 7% -
West Semarang Sub DIstr ict
Rob 9%- - - -
4% 7%- -
14
%
50
% 7% 2%- -
7% --
Erossion-
% % 7%- -
%- - - -
Note:a=health,b=agriculture,c=fisheries,d=settlement,e=infrastructure, x=protection,y=accomodation,z=relocationSources:Disaptono etall,2009
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PekalonganFrequency/year Time (hours) Scale (m) Impact Mitigation
-Regency
1 2 3 >4 24 < 0,5
,
1 > 1 a b c d e x y z
Wonokerto Sub District
Flood 38% 6%
13
%
13
%-
38
% 31% 56% 6% - 59% 12% 12% 29% 41%
29
%
47
%-
Rob-
25%-
56
% 6%
69
%-
44%-
6% 53% 12% 12% 18% 41%
35
%
18
%-
Erossion- -
44% 6% 29% 24% 12% 6%
35
% --
Wave 6% 13%-
6% 6% % 6%-
6% 13% 12% 12% 18% 12% 6% % %-
Drought 19%-
6%- - -
25%- - - -
29% 12%- - - 29
%-
Flood 67% 28%
11
%- -
22
% 83%
100
%- -
39% 83% 67% 56% 11%
94
%- -
Rob 39% 50%
11
%- -
61
% 39% 89% 11%-
44% 89% 61% 56% 6%
94
%-
11
%
Note: a=health, b=agriculture, c=fisheries, d=settlement,
e=infrastructure, x=protection, y=accomodation, z=relocationi
Sources:Disaptono etall,2009
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nc u es respon ent, v e n two groupsfrom two coastal cities, Semarang and Pekalongan
st
GT, 2nd group is the wives of non fishermen, but
engaged in traditional fishery related activity. Husbands of second group include,ojek (motor
taxi driver) trader at local market, workers in
and other non formal jobs, including unemployee
Ages of respondent are between 30-50 years old.
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4%
10%22%18%
46%
9%
26%
15%
6%
22%
workhours S leep Hou sework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure13%
workh ou rs S leep Hou sework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure
21%
8%
23%
50%
6%
10%
4%9%
24%
12%
12%
workhours S leep Hou sework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure
21%
workh ou rs Sleep Housework chi ldcare Religiusaffair Leisure
Note:FW1LS=Group1Lowseason FW1HS=Group1Highseason
FW2LS=Group2Low
season
FW2HS=Group
2High
season
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roup omen s
Income (WI )(US Dollars)
us an s
Income (HI)(US Dollars)
o a
Expenditure(TE)(US Dollars)
a o
WI to HI
a o
WI to TE
a o
HI to TE
. . . .
FW1SLS 75 83 127.5 0.90 0.59 0.65
FW2SHS 120 180 300 0.67 0.40 0.60. . .
FW1PHS 62 148 250 0.42 0.25 0.59
FW1PLS 70 102 170 0.69 0.41 0.60
. . .
FW2PLS 89 150 216 0.59 0.41 0.69
*income/month
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Step in Rapid AppraisalStep in Rapid Appraisal
or en er uncer a n esor en er uncer a n es
DevelopIndicatorof
Ecolo Econom Social Institutional
degreeofseverity
Software
Calculatetheleveragelevel
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Dimension Indicators of Gender Uncertainty
Ecological High frequency of floodSeasonal factor/tideCoastal erosionpollutionStock availability
Impact of drought
Coastal degradation
Economic Volatily in husbands incomeVolatil inwomen own
Aceesibility to resourcesProduction volatility/input volatilityVolatility in priceVolatility in input prices
Volatility in market
Husbands incomeCrimeryFamily instability
Unemployment of family memberHealth condition
Conflict status
Institutional Uncertainties in government supportWomen participation
Dependency in local financierDepedencyin credit and savingDependency in social network
Dependency on other family member to
supportParticipation in local organization
Uncertainty in cost of children education
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80
Ecology
40
5060
70
Gender Group Ecology EconomicsSocial Institution
0
10
20
30
EconomicsInstitution
FW1S
FW2S
FW1P
FW1S 28.29 14.99 19.31 52.48
FW2S 33.38 39.43 39.79 47.01
FW2P
. . . .
FW2P 49.03 51.75 49.51 55.26
Social
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LeverageofAttributes
Accesabilitytoresource
volatilityin
input
princes
Volatilityin
price
volatilityinmarket
tribu
te
volatilityinwomenownincome
Productionvolatility
At
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
volatilityinhusband'sincome
oo ean quare ange n r na o nw en e ec e r u e emove on us a na ysca e o
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Leverage of Attributes
conflict status
unemployment
health condition
ribute
crimery
family instabilityAtt
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
instability in localpolitics
(on Sustainabil ity scale 0 to 100)
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Uncertaintyinchildreneducation
LeverageofAttributes
membertosupportDependency onsocialnetworkDe endenc oncreditandsaving
Dependency inlocalfinancier
Women artici ation
Uncertaintiesingpvernmentsupport
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InternalFamilylivelihood(asamanageroffamilylivelihood,) ExternalForces:ecologicaldisturcances, Uncertainty in
husbandsproductivity,familyns a y,poorgovernmen
assistanceArisan
Directselling fishorfishproduct
Borrowandlendingmoney
from neighbour, hardto
makeand
meet
mechanism
kiosk/coastalcaf(kedai
pesisir).
Workas
apicker
jasmine
GotopawnShopto
obtaincashtobuybasic
need
Maximized labor famil member art
flowersatjasmineplant
Workasaworkeratfish
orshrimpponds
harvestin
time
housemaid
Beingthrifty:
spendlesson
Bycatch
collectors
Traditionalmassagers
Lifegoesonbuzzword
oo ,c ot ngan
leisure.
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Fisherwomen are able to cope with both fishing andnon-fishing uncertainties using different strategies
This stud shows that usin modified ra fishtechnique, we are able to identify the degree ofuncertainty as well as identify variables which aresensitive to womens role in economic and socialactivities
These variables could be used as policy guidelines to
improve fisheries management in developingcountries
Government must pay attention to womens rolewhen they develop fisheries program since they are
capable of sustaining livelihood under the presenceof uncertainties
Women in coastal areas must be given the sameopportunities to develop their business skill and
credit schemes, as well empowerment program
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